What to feed a baby at 1 month. An important element of proper growth and development is feeding newborns in the first days: suitable postures, diet and useful tips for young mothers

From birth, your baby begins to learn about the world around him. And it is you, his parents, who help him learn more and more new and interesting things. With your help, the child feels love, care, affection, tenderness. A newly born baby has a whole set of basic reflexes. These are plantar, sucking and grasping reflexes, in addition, vision and hearing develop from the very first days of life. Gradually, the baby begins to focus his attention on various objects, he follows the movements of your hands and reacts to loud sounds. Very soon, your baby will begin to distinguish your voices. At this time, you need to start accustoming him to the time of eating. So it is appropriate on the site www ..

Monthly baby routine
In the first month of life, the baby's daily routine depends only on when and how many times he sleeps and eats. In the first month, you do not need to follow the feeding regimen in the sense that this is a regimen. Let the one-month-old baby eat when he needs to, night and day. He sleeps all the time between feedings. His wake time is only 15 minutes.

In the second half of the first month of life, begin to teach the child to distinguish between day and night. To do this, when you feed him at night, do not turn on the light, do not make noise. Let him, by your behavior, begin to understand that when it is dark, that is, at night you need to sleep.

Diet plan for a one month old baby
First, a child needs to be fed about six times a day. The time between feedings should be three hours. Sometimes you can feed even more often.
Secondly, the periods of wakefulness of the child in the first month of life are about fifteen minutes, by the end of the first month this time will increase to an hour.

Baby food per month
Nature itself made sure that in the first months after birth, the child was ideally fed. Indeed, after all, breast milk is the ideal food for a baby who has just been born. Such milk is not only better absorbed by the child's body, but also specially adapted to the specifics of the baby's digestive system. Breast milk contains all the nutrients your baby needs. And with the increase in the need of the child's body for this product, the amount of breast milk also changes. In a month, the child is completely breastfed.

But, unfortunately, not all mothers have breast milk. In his absence, the child eats milk mixtures. Artificial feeding fully satisfies all the needs of the growing body of the child.

The main thing when choosing a mixture for a child is that the child should not be allergic to the mixture, it should be perfectly absorbed by the child's body and not cause problems with stools and skin rashes. In addition, a suitable mixture is sure to ensure regular weight gain.

If the baby is breastfeeding, then you do not need to supplement it with water, since everything you need is in breast milk. The mother herself must make sure that the child receives the calcium, vitamins, and trace elements necessary for the body. To do this, she must eat right. The menu must include dairy products, cottage cheese and cheese, as well as meat products, vegetables and, of course, fruits. In order for the child not to have diathesis, the mother must follow a diet that excludes those foods that can cause allergies in the child.

The amount of milk needed for a baby at 1 month
When a baby is just born, his appetite is not very large and he needs a little colostrum. But by the month the need for milk increases. In the event that you do not feed the child according to a strict regimen, and when he asks, your baby himself will tell you what he wants to eat. If the child is not hungry, then he is calm and contented, sleeps well and, while awake, examines the objects around him. If you are worried about whether your baby is hungry or full, then use a simple formula to calculate the nutrition of a child at the age of 1 month. This formula is pretty simple. Up to two months, the baby should receive a seventh of the milk from its weight. So, if a child weighs three and a half kilograms, then he should drink about half a liter of milk per day.

Monitoring the nutrition of a child in one month
In order to control the nutrition of a one-month-old baby, weigh your baby before and after feeding, without changing the clothes in which he is. If the indicators are lower than the standard ones, but the baby feels good, you should not overfeed him, because everything is in perfect order with him.

If the mother does not have enough milk
If the baby is malnourished due to the fact that the mother does not have enough breast milk, then it is worth supplementing the baby with artificial mixtures. But here it is very important not to harm the child's body, which means that you should definitely monitor the baby's reaction to this or that mixture.

In addition to dry mixtures, such as Nutrilak, Frisolak, Humana-1, liquid fermented milk mixtures can be given to the child. This is Agu-1 and a mixture of Malyutka.
Rules to be observed with mixed or artificial feeding of a child at 1 month
Formulas based on cow's milk should be given to the baby in smaller quantities than breast milk itself.
Be sure to follow the instructions for the preparation of dry mixes.
In order to prepare the mixture, only boiled or filtered water should be used.
If your child is formula-fed or supplement-fed, be sure to give him some water. The amount of water given to the child per day should be at least 50 - 100 milliliters.

How to feed a baby at 1 month?
If you are feeding your baby from a pacifier, holding him in your arms is the best position. This way you maintain close contact between you and your baby.
Make sure the nipple is full of milk at all times. Otherwise, the baby may swallow air.
The hole in the nipple should be ideal for the baby: not too small and not too big so that the milk can flow to the baby normally.
The baby should drink his portion of milk in about fifteen to twenty minutes.

So the most exciting and long-awaited moment in your life has come - you are holding a precious warm lump in your arms and now you can proudly be called a young mother. Your baby is still very small and defenseless, and only you are responsible for his well-being. From the first days of a baby's life, it is important to properly organize his feeding.

Complete nutrition for a month-old baby is the basis of his good health and normal development. The baby's diet in the first month after birth consists entirely of mother's milk or powdered milk formula. The second option can be seriously considered only in cases where there are objective reasons not to breastfeed the baby.

Breast milk is the best food for a newborn. Nothing more perfect man could not come up with. The age of up to a year is called breastfeeding because during these months, mother's milk is the most suitable for a child.

Immediately after childbirth, a woman's breasts produce colostrum, the precursor to breast milk. It stands out not so much, but due to the rich composition, it fully covers the needs of the newborn. Colostrum contains immunoglobulins and antitoxins that protect the baby from infections and prepare the stomach and intestines for proper functioning.

On the 3-5th day of the postpartum period, transitional milk comes, and from the second week a woman feeds her baby with full breast milk, balanced in composition and containing all the vitamins, minerals, hormones, enzymes and antibodies necessary for the newborn.

Feeding mode

The diet of a monthly crumb depends on his appetite. Each feeding should occur at the request of the newborn. This will help the mother to establish full lactation.

The secret is this: in response to irritation of the nipples, prolactin, the hormone responsible for milk production, is released into the blood of a woman. Simply put, the more often you put the baby to the breast, the more milk will be produced. Most prolactin is produced at night, it is for this reason that pediatricians advise not to neglect night feedings. Another great advantage of frequent feedings is that milk does not stagnate in the breast, which is important for the prevention of mastitis and lactostasis.

In the first month after childbirth, lactation begins to develop. Therefore, there is no need to worry if yesterday the child sucked the breast 10 times, and today only 8 - this is normal.

A week and a month after the start of lactation, there is a slight decrease in milk production, called a lactation crisis. Some mothers, because of ignorance of this moment, despair and supplement the child with an adapted mixture, thinking that there is not enough milk. This nullifies all the efforts made to establish breastfeeding. The best solution in this situation is to just wait. At the same time, you need to rest more, eat well and often offer breasts to the baby.

In the first time after birth, a newborn eats up to 30 ml of milk. But the quantity is not so important - if the baby ate a little, he will simply ask for the breast next time. For the same reason, it is not necessary to weigh the baby after eating to determine the amount of milk eaten, as some young mothers do.

If the baby or there are any pathologies, you need to act only in accordance with the instructions of the pediatrician.

As a rule, the weight of a healthy child with the correct breastfeeding regimen by the age of one month increases by 500-600 g.

Water

Many parents are puzzled by the question of whether the baby needs additional water. It turns out that there is no great need for this - the mother's milk is enough for the child. It is necessary to supplement it with water only in some cases:

• hot weather;
• excessively dry air in the children's room;
• high fever, diarrhea or vomiting in the crumbs;
• the baby refuses to eat and has already missed one feeding;
• you need to establish a feeding regime strictly at regular intervals.

Organization of feeding

1. Do not try to feed the baby through force - it is unlikely that something will come of it. If he refuses, calmly offer him breasts after some time.
2. The hourly feeding regimen in the first month is unacceptable, feed the baby only as he wishes.
3. The baby must take the breast correctly - tightly capture not only the nipple, but also its areola with his lips. This will prevent cracked nipples.
4. You don't need to give your baby a pacifier or a bottle.
5. Feed your baby only one breast at a time so that he can get not only "foremilk", which is designed to quench his thirst, but also "hindmilk", which has the maximum nutritional value.
6. Feed the baby in a favorable emotional atmosphere. If you are irritated or nervous, he will definitely feel it and may refuse to eat. Take a comfortable position, relax and enjoy this amazing process of unity between the child and the mother. Communicate with the baby in an affectionate voice, gently stroke it.
7. After feeding, hold the baby for 10 minutes in a “column” so that all the swallowed air comes out of it.

As already noted, a baby under the age of 1 month determines the feeding regimen himself, therefore it is also called “free”. On average, with breastfeeding, a child asks for a breast every 2 hours.

Artificial feeding

As a rule, the baby eats powdered milk mixtures only when there are serious obstacles to breastfeeding.

From the mother's side:

• taking antibiotics or psychotropic drugs,
• tuberculosis,
• mastitis.

From the side of the child:

• candidiasis stomatitis,
• "cleft palate",
• too short frenulum of the tongue,
• severe prematurity,
• heart pathology,
• birth trauma.

It is worth noting that the obstacles on the part of the child are not associated with the inadmissibility of breastfeeding, but with the fact that it is physically impossible.

Cracks, a special shape of the nipples and "tight breasts" in the mother are relative contraindications, which, if desired, can be corrected by yourself or with the help of a consultant.

If there are cracks on the nipples, then milk can be expressed and given from a spoon or bottle. And it’s better to use a spoon after all: it’s not very convenient, but it’s less likely that the baby won’t take the breast next time.

Breast milk can be frozen. From this it will not lose its value.

Adapted Blends

If you cannot breastfeed, or you can, but you can not establish natural feeding, and the advice of specialists does not help, the monthly diet will consist of an adapted dry milk formula.

Now they produce mixtures of different types: intended for children of different ages, hypoallergenic, dairy-free, enriched with probiotics and prebiotics, vitamins, minerals, nucleotides, and soy varieties. When choosing, it is better to ask the advice of a doctor.

When artificially feeding a child, it is important to observe the diet. The finished mixture is absorbed longer by the body of the newborn, respectively, the number of feedings is also reduced. Moreover, the baby will still drink more from the bottle than from the chest.

Free mode for artificial can cause digestive problems, colic and frequent spitting up. Make sure that the baby eats strictly on time, and gradually increase the amount of the mixture and the intervals between feedings.

By the end of the first month of life, your baby should eat every 3 hours, not including a night's sleep break.

A few decades ago, formula-fed babies were thought to need extra water and complementary foods two months earlier.

But now the situation has changed: modern mixtures are of high quality and optimal composition, as close as possible (as far as possible) to breast milk. Therefore, artificial babies should be given water in the same quantities and situations as infants, and complementary foods should also be introduced no earlier than 6 months, unless otherwise instructed by your pediatrician.

Rules

1. Cow's or goat's milk can never completely replace formula milk. Therefore, you should not listen to the advice of "wise" neighbors or relatives.
2. Choose a mixture according to the age of the baby and the state of his health.
3. Never break the recipe. For example, do not get more than the prescribed amount of sleep to increase nutritional value. Thus, you will provoke indigestion, regurgitation and intestinal colic in your crumbs. In addition, it is fraught with the appearance of excess weight in the child.
4. Elementary rules of hygiene. Use only boiled water, carefully sterilize the bottle and nipple. Wash your hands well before preparing another batch of infant formula.
5. Do not give your baby leftovers from previous feedings - such savings can lead to food poisoning.
6. Close the jar well and keep an eye on the expiration date of the mixture.
7. Follow the regimen: do not give the baby formula milk more often than once every 3 hours.

No need to think that feeding a monthly baby is a very difficult process. After a couple of weeks you will get used to it and everything will fall into place. This will happen thanks to the strong maternal instinct and all-encompassing love for your child. A little later, new chores will appear, but this first month and your first steps in mastering the role of the best mother for your baby will forever remain in your memory.

In the summer heat, these questions become especially relevant for parents.

Everyone knows that water is necessary for the life of all organs and systems of the human body. Its lack primarily affects the processes of digestion and assimilation of food, hematopoiesis - the formation of new blood cells. In addition, without water, heat transfer processes in the body cannot occur. A child's need for fluid depends on age, type of nutrition (breastfeeding, artificial milk formulas, complementary foods), ambient temperature, physical activity and individual metabolic characteristics.

The total amount of fluid that a child of the first year of life should receive is 100-150 ml / kg of body weight per day. Up to 6 months it is 80-130 ml / kg per day, after 6 months - 130-150 ml / kg,
from 1-3 years - 100 ml / kg, after 3 years - 80 ml / kg per day.

When to start?

The fact is that breast milk is both food and drink for the baby. The "front" milk that is released at the beginning of feeding is more liquid and consists of 87% water. It fully satisfies the baby's need for liquid. Supplementing a breastfed baby before 6 months of age may result in reduced breast milk intake. This is due to the fact that if the baby receives water instead of milk, he has a false sense of fullness, he sucks out less milk, which leads to malnutrition and weight loss crumbs.

If the baby sucks little and reluctantly after drinking water, this, in turn, can lead to a decrease in the mother's milk production. Therefore, a breastfed baby should be supplemented with water only with the start of the introduction of complementary foods.

For children who are formula-fed or mixed-fed, the need for additional water intake arises from the moment formula is introduced into the diet. Formula milk is a difficult product to digest, and without supplementation, the baby may develop problems with the gastrointestinal tract, such as constipation.

How to drink a child?

However, there are times when a baby needs extra fluid, regardless of whether he is receiving formula milk or breast milk. These are conditions in which pathological fluid loss occurs: fever (body temperature rises above 38 ° C), vomiting, frequent loose stools, hot and dry weather (above 25 ° C). To avoid dehydration, children need to drink more often than usual in the heat; Breastfed babies can breastfeed more often.

Drinking can be given to the child in between feedings. It is not necessary to offer the baby some water before feeding, so as not to cause a false feeling of satiety. It is better to drink the crumbs from a spoon, and when he grows up a little, you can teach him to drink from a drinking bowl or a non-spill cup. Such a cup has a special valve on the back of the lid that does not allow the liquid to spill, even if it is overturned or tilted to the side.

When the baby drinks from a spoon, the liquid goes directly into his mouth, and you just need to swallow it. Drinking from a cup uses the same principle. Babies who are used to drinking from a bottle (drinking requires several sucking movements) often find it difficult to transition to drinking from a cup.

Choosing drinks

Water

At first, the best drink for a child is water. It must be clean and of good quality. This is necessary because the children's body is more susceptible to harmful substances and microorganisms, because in young children the immune system is not yet fully formed.

It is best to give your baby special baby bottled water. Firstly, during its production, all hygienic requirements are observed, and it is safe for the child. Secondly, it has a low level of mineralization, which is important for the normal functioning of the kidneys. On a bottle of water, it must be written that it is “for children”. Water must meet the basic quality characteristics: be transparent, odorless, have a neutral taste.

To drink a child, you can also use ordinary boiled water, cooled to room temperature. Only in this case it is necessary that the tap water be pre-filtered. Filters purify tap water from harmful impurities - chlorine, iron, salts of heavy metals, as well as from some bacteria and viruses.

Teas

In addition to water, various children's teas are used to drink children. It is important to remember that children's tea is not at all the tea that adults drink. Ordinary black tea should not be given to children under 1.5–2 years old. This is due to the fact that it contains tannin, a substance that has a stimulating effect on the central nervous system. As a result, the child develops sleep disturbances, tearfulness, increased excitability. In addition, tannin affects the functioning of the heart, causing an increase in the number of heartbeats.

Children's tea has many useful properties. For example, it strengthens the walls and enhances vascular tone; contains fluoride, which helps to avoid the development of caries and strengthens bones and teeth; contains many vitamins of group B, necessary for the full development of the crumbs. Lightly brewed black tea can be given to children from 1.5–2 years old, after diluting it with milk.

For babies, there are special children's teas that may contain extracts of medicinal herbs (chamomile, dill, fennel, lemon balm, mint, anise) or fruit and berry supplements - lemon, wild berries, raspberries, etc. Herbal teas have a certain preventive and therapeutic effect. So, for example, tea with mint or lemon balm has a calming effect, and it can be offered to a child with increased neuro-reflex excitability, a violation of the process of falling asleep and sleeping. To stimulate the immune system, rosehip extract, anise and vitamin C are added to children's tea. Before buying and drinking children's herbal tea, it is recommended to consult a pediatrician.

Most baby teas can be started on a formula-fed baby as early as 4-5 months of age; up to this age, babies are supplemented only with water. Children receiving breast milk, teas are not recommended to enter earlier than 6 months. The age at which tea can be used should be indicated on the package. The exception is chamomile and fennel tea, which can be given from the first month of life. It is used in children with disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, as it eliminates flatulence (excessive gas formation), relieves intestinal spasms and stimulates digestion.

The amount of tea drunk for a baby should not exceed 100 ml per day. Almost all children's teas of industrial production contain a significant amount of carbohydrates: sucrose, glucose, fructose, maltose. Excessive consumption of tea as a drink can cause the development of caries, flatulence.

When preparing teas, you must follow the instructions on the package, do not give the tea hot (it should be at room temperature) and do not add sugar.

Juices

Children are very fond of these drinks, but you should not rush to give your baby juice. The fact is that juices are an allergenic product and can cause diathesis in infants, as well as irritate the immature mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, which can cause bloating, rumbling, abdominal pain, and unstable stools. Pediatricians and the World Health Organization recommend introducing juices into a baby's diet no earlier than 8 months.

First, clarified juices (without pulp) are introduced into the child's diet, and at 10-11 months you can try to give the baby juices with pulp. The later introduction of juices with pulp is due to the fact that they contain plant fibers (fiber), which stimulate the activity of the intestines, and the child may develop stool disorders.

At first, it is better for a baby to give one-component juices made from one type of fruit. This is necessary so that if an allergic reaction occurs, it can be determined which component the child's body reacted negatively to and eliminate the allergen.

The first thing you can offer your baby is green apple juice. It is the least allergenic and contains a large amount of iron needed by the baby. Then pear, peach, apricot and plum juices are introduced. You can not offer your child juices of exotic fruits (mango, papaya, grapefruit), orange and strawberries: they often cause allergies, so it is recommended to give them after the age of 1-1.5 years. With the introduction of grape juice, too, you should not rush: grapes contain an increased amount of sugar and can cause fermentation processes in the intestines of the crumbs, which will cause him anxiety.

You need to start giving juice to a child with 5 drops, gradually increasing the volume per week to 20-30 ml per day (2nd day - ½ teaspoon, 3rd day - 1 teaspoon, by the 7th day - 6 teaspoons (30 ml ) By the end of the first year of life, the volume of juice that the baby drinks should be 100-120 ml per day.

The child can be given fresh juices prepared with a juicer, or commercially produced juices recommended for baby food. The package usually indicates the age at which children can use this product.

Freshly squeezed juices can irritate the baby's intestinal mucosa due to their high content of organic acids. This is manifested by increased gas formation, bloating, intestinal colic. Therefore, it is recommended to dilute such juices with chilled boiled or bottled water in a ratio of 1:1 (up to 2-3 years of age), and children over 3 years old can be offered juices that are not diluted with water. Juices of industrial production at the beginning of the introduction are also recommended to be diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 1 for better adaptation of the child's gastrointestinal tract to this product. You can stop diluting the juice when the child begins to receive the amount of this drink that corresponds to the age norm.

compotes

After 1 year, the child can be offered compotes from fresh berries and dried fruits. They are prepared without added sugar. The same rule applies here as with the introduction of juices: you need to start with a monocomponent drink and give it in small portions (starting with 10 ml per day). First, compote for a baby is better to cook from hypoallergenic fruits - apples, pears, plums. After a while, you can add berries - cherries, sweet cherries. Compote is given to the child chilled to room temperature.

Morse

This drink, made from the juice of berries or fruits, contains various vitamins (although some of them are destroyed during cooking), quenches thirst well, increases body tone, and appetite. Morse is prepared from different berries: cranberries, lingonberries, blackberries, blueberries, currants, raspberries. It can be offered to the baby in the third year of life. For the first acquaintance of young children with this drink, it is better to prepare fruit drink from one variety of berries. Fruit drinks of industrial production are mainly allowed for children over 3-4 years old. They are often a mixture of juices of several types of berries and water, so you can offer such a drink to a baby if he is not allergic to the components that make up its composition.

Morse can be cooked at home on your own. To do this, the berries must be sorted out, washed and squeezed out of them with the juice using a fine sieve or gauze. The remaining pomace should be poured with hot water, add a little sugar and boil for 10-12 minutes after boiling, then strain. Strained broth should be mixed with previously obtained juice. Morse is usually drunk chilled.

Kissel

Homemade jelly from fresh or frozen berries and fruits can be given to a baby after 1 year. Kissel of industrial production (in packs) contains a large amount of dyes and sweeteners, so it can be given to a child no earlier than 3 years. In order to cook jelly yourself, you will need fresh or frozen berries and potato starch. The berries must be sorted out, washed with hot water, mashed and squeezed out the juice through a fine sieve or gauze. The pomace should be poured with hot water and boiled for 5 minutes, then strained. It is necessary to pour potato starch previously diluted in chilled boiled water into the strained broth and, stirring, let it boil again, then add the previously squeezed juice. For 1 cup of berries take 2 tablespoons of potato starch.

Mineral water

It is divided into two categories - dining and medical. Healing mineral water contains many different salts and is intended for the treatment of certain diseases. Such water should not be drunk without a doctor's prescription. Table mineral water is poorly mineralized and has no therapeutic effect. The main important elements in mineral water are calcium, magnesium, sodium, iron. Table mineral water can be offered to children after 1 year. To remove gas bubbles from the mineral water, it is enough to pour the required volume of water into the cup and let it stand for 20-30 minutes; you can stir the water in a glass with a spoon - and everything will happen faster.

soda

Sweet carbonated drinks are not recommended for children under 3 years of age. There are a lot of preservatives, flavorings and dyes in "soda" that can cause allergies in a child. Such drinks also contain a lot of sugar or its substitutes, which contribute to the development of cavities. Finally, carbon dioxide, which is contained in sparkling water, causes belching and bloating.

Cocoa

From hot drinks, a child over 2-3 years old can be given cocoa no more than 3 times a week. It is best to offer your baby cocoa with milk for breakfast or an afternoon snack. Cocoa powder is rich in protein, fiber and vitamins. It contains many useful trace elements, such as zinc and iron, folic acid. Cocoa is a very healthy drink for underweight children, as it is a high-calorie product. The recommended amount of cocoa for young children is no more than 50 ml per day.

coffee drinks

Another hot drink is coffee. Instant coffee is strictly contraindicated for children under 13-14 years old. Coffee, as you know, contains caffeine, which has a stimulating effect on the nervous system. In a baby, this can lead to overexcitability, capriciousness, neuroses, and sleep disturbances. Children can be given a coffee drink that does not contain caffeine. It may include chicory, extracts of rye, barley, oats, rose hips. These products are completely safe for the baby and very rarely cause allergies. In addition, they have useful properties. Chicory increases appetite and regulates metabolism. In addition, the composition of chicory includes various mineral elements and vitamins A, E, B1, B12. Rosehip helps to strengthen the immune system, and extracts of barley and oats improve the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. A coffee drink diluted with milk can be given to a baby over 2 years old.

When choosing a coffee drink, you need to carefully examine the packaging. Sometimes it may include a small percentage of natural coffee. It is better not to offer such drinks to a child.

Drinking mode in the heat

Particular attention should be paid to the drinking regime in hot weather, when the baby sweats a lot and loses a lot of fluid. The supply of fluid in children is consumed faster, since water metabolism is more intense than in adults. Babies still have an imperfect thermoregulation system, so they easily overheat. On hot days, you need to carefully monitor the condition of the crumbs (due to possible dehydration of the body) and water the child more often, even if he does not ask.

The main symptoms of excessive fluid loss (dehydration) of the body are:
lethargy;
drowsiness;
weakness;
dry mucous membranes;
decrease in the number of urination (less than 6 times a day).

To prevent dehydration, breastfed babies should simply breastfeed more often. It is advisable for "artificial" children to offer cool drinks every 15-20 minutes. As a drink, ordinary drinking water at room temperature, non-carbonated mineral water, unsweetened children's tea are suitable.

Older children can be offered non-carbonated mineral water, diluted juice, unsweetened compote, children's kefir as a drink. Drinking should not be sweet, as sweet drinks do not quench thirst well and the baby will soon want to drink again. It is also important to remember that on hot days it is not recommended to drink cold drinks, because due to the sharp temperature difference, you can catch a cold.

Drinks should be at room temperature or slightly chilled.

It is very important to observe the drinking regimen for a child, since water and various drinks are an important part of his daily diet. Improper drinking regimen can lead to a violation of the water and electrolyte balance, constipation, disruption of the gastrointestinal tract in a baby.

In the first month after birth, the child undergoes adaptation to a new life outside the mother's body. This is an important time for both the baby and his parents. Let's look at the main features of the first month of a baby's life.

Calculate the vaccination calendar

How much weight does the baby gain in the first month?

In the first month, the baby gains an average of 600 grams of weight. Note that normally in the maternity hospital, the baby loses up to 10% of the weight with which she was born, but even before discharge she begins to gain weight back and after that only weight gain is considered the norm. The growth of the baby in the first month increases by about 3 centimeters.

The indicators of babies at 1 month look like this:

reflexes

The health of a newborn baby is always checked for the presence of reflexes that a baby should have. Many of these reflexes disappear with time, but their presence in a newborn is an important sign of an infant's health.

In a newly born baby, the following reflexes are determined:

1. Sucking. This is the main reflex that provides nutrition to the baby.
2. Prehensile. Touching the baby’s palm with a finger or a toy, you will see how the baby reflexively grabs it.
3. Search. When stroking or touching the cheek, the child turns his head.
4. Swimming. Putting the baby on the tummy, you will see that the child makes movements similar to swimming.
5. Babinsky. If you run your finger along the foot of the crumbs (along its outer edge), the foot turns, and the fingers on it diverge.
6. Walking. By supporting the baby's body so that his feet are touching a solid surface, you will notice how the baby will begin to perform movements similar to walking.
7. Maura. With a sudden loud sound, the baby will reduce and spread legs and arms.
8. Babkin. Press the crumbs on the palm of your hand, and you will see how the baby opens his mouth and turns his head.

Mode

As such, the child does not have a first month of life - the baby sleeps for several hours, then stays awake for up to 30-60 minutes, eats and falls asleep again. A certain daily routine, individual for each baby, is formed only in the second month of life, and during the neonatal period, the child does not care whether it is night or day.

For information on what to do in the first weeks after the birth of the baby, see the Baby Boom TV show.

Dream

A newborn is in a dream for most of the day, while the baby’s sleep is represented by three phases:

1. Deep sleep, during which the baby breathes calmly and deeply, and the baby's eyes are closed.
2. Shallow sleep, during which the baby's breathing is confused, and the legs and arms can twitch, as well as eyeballs covered with eyelids.
3. Drowsiness, which often occurs during feedings or during the period of falling asleep. The eyes of the crumbs in this phase are half-closed.

During the waking period, the baby can either lie quietly or report her discomfort by crying.

Food

The food that is considered ideal for a newborn baby is colostrum. This is the name of the milk that is secreted from the female breast immediately after childbirth and is extremely rich in substances useful for the crumbs. Breast milk is rightfully called the best food for a newborn baby, because even the best formula manufacturers cannot reproduce its unique composition.

It is advised to feed a newborn baby on demand, putting the baby to the chest when the child is worried. At first, there will be a lot of feedings, but as the child grows, his own diet will form with pauses between feedings.

In situations where breastfeeding is not possible, it is important to choose the right formula for the crumbs. To do this, you should consult a pediatrician and take into account all the nuances so that nutrition does not harm the still immature digestive system of the newborn.

When breastfeeding, it is important to ensure that the baby correctly grasps the nipple - along with the peripapillary area. However, the baby will still swallow part of the air, so after feeding, you need to help the baby release the air (burp).

Development

A newborn baby knows very little so far. During wakefulness, the baby randomly moves her arms and legs, and the baby reacts to any irritant, whether it be a wet diaper or a feeling of hunger, by crying. When the child hears a sharp sound, it freezes, blinks frequently and may burst into tears.

By the end of the first month of life, the baby is able to:

• Smile in response to an adult's speech.
• Raise your head when lying on your stomach, holding it for up to five seconds.
• Keep an eye on stationary objects and the face of the mother, as well as moving large brightly colored objects.
• Walk. The sounds made by the baby are similar to “gee”, “ga”, “gu”, therefore such a “conversation” of the crumbs is also called gurgling.

About what happens to the baby in the first month of his life, see the video of Larisa Sviridova.

What does the child need?

• First of all, the baby after birth needs tactile contact with the mother, so the child needs to be hugged more often, held in his arms, stroked.
• Smile more often to the baby, then the baby will quickly please you with a conscious smile.
• In order for the child to develop better, talk to the baby during periods of wakefulness and often change the position of the baby - lay it on the tummy, turn it on its side, wear it vertically, supporting the head.
• For better development of hearing, you can not only talk to the baby with different intonation and timbre, but also turn on classical music for the baby. Let the child listen to it for about ten minutes daily.
• Proper care of the baby is also important, which includes daily hygiene (washing, washing, cleaning the eyes, nose, ears, combing, cutting nails), bathing, walking, massage, air baths.

Possible problems

In the neonatal period, the following problems may arise:

• Colic. They appear in most infants as a result of insufficient intestinal maturity. You can help the baby with a light massage of the abdomen, body contact, a gas tube, or drugs that help get rid of gas.
• Poor healing of the umbilical wound. In order for it to pass normally, the navel of a newborn must be treated daily with brilliant green. In cases of discharge from the wound or redness of the navel, the child should be shown to the doctor. You also need to consult a pediatrician if the baby is already 2 weeks old, and the crust has not fallen off and the wound has not healed.
• Jaundice. This is a physiological condition characteristic of most infants. It is associated with the process of replacing hemoglobin, which was in the blood of the baby during intrauterine life, with ordinary hemoglobin. It usually goes away in the first 2 weeks of a baby's life.
• Restless sleep. Although the baby of the first month of life sleeps a lot, but due to the peculiarities of the work of his brain, the baby's sleep is easily disturbed. So you should take care of the optimal conditions for the baby's sleep - let the child sleep in a quiet and warm room with subdued light.

For information on what to do with a newborn baby, see the program “School of Dr. Komarovsky”.

Undoubtedly, breastfeeding is the gold standard of nutrition for children. But what to do when a mother cannot breastfeed? Let's say she is sick, she has no or little milk, or there are other reasons. Artificial feeding with milk mixtures is called for help. In order for it to be beneficial, it is important to know all the nuances - how often to feed a newborn with a mixture, how much formula can be given, which one is better to choose, etc.

What is artificial feeding

This is a replacement (full or partial - 2/3 of the diet) of mother's milk with artificial dairy products.

BTW: Ideal for twins, triplets, etc.

Selection rules

It must be done in favor of a quality product. This is not only about the date of manufacture, the duration of storage after opening the package. First of all, these should be the correct recommendations of the pediatrician, based on:

• food composition,
• baby age,
• his weight
• body features,
• reactions to food.
• his weight
• body features,
• reactions to food.

Reasons for replacement

Is there diarrhea or constipation, drowsiness, increased gas formation? Perhaps the dairy product is not suitable. Feeding takes place in the mode of tears and spitting? Something went wrong, didn’t like the taste or something else. So, you need to consult a doctor for advice and advice. Because there are more serious reasons that force a pediatric specialist to replace one formula for artificial feeding with another:

1. Allergy to the composition (severe rashes).
2. Requires another, suitable for age.
3. Due to illness (requires a special composition with medicinal properties).
4. Stopping weight gain.

BTW: You can not use several different mixtures, give food intended for a different age, or feed a child against his will.

How often can artificial mixtures be changed

No, it is not recommended to do this often and, moreover, arbitrarily without talking with the pediatrician. It is difficult for a child's body to rebuild quickly or, worse, to do it all the time. Try to closely observe the assimilation of the new food by the child:

1. The rash may go away the next day.
2. The unfavorable stool improved by evening.
3. The tummy does not hurt the next morning.
4. No spitting up or anything like that.

ATTENTION: If something is wrong, pay a visit to the children's clinic. Ask what types of dairy products are ideal.

Mixtures for artificial feeding - types and varieties

Manufacturers manufacture products for artificial feeding of newborns, which are based on milk (goat or cow). She happens:

• dry, liquid,
• unleavened and fermented milk substitutes for women's milk,
• ordinary (the composition is a bit like mother's milk) and adapted (as similar as possible).

Varieties of mixtures for artificial feeding of newborns

ATTENTION: Medicinal and special mixtures are prescribed by a doctor according to indications!

How often to feed a newborn formula - feeding schedule

Is it possible to feed the baby at will and demand? No, it's better not to.

Firstly, this is not mother's milk, which comes in proportion to what he sucked in the previous feeding.

Secondly, the baby's body needs time to digest artificial food. Otherwise, if the break is not observed, nothing good will come from adding fresh food to undigested food.

When a baby is bottle-fed, he must consume the prescribed amount of food, and strictly by the hour.

How to enter the mixture correctly - cooking rules

If this is the first introduction to the diet of dairy products (or new), then carry out the process for 5-7 days. Initially, a small volume is offered (no more than one third of the prescribed portion). If everything went well, the amount of food increases during the week.

Rules for the preparation of milk formula and feeding

The first thing to do is to carefully read the instructions for preparing a dairy product and stick to it. A larger or smaller amount of the contents of a pack or jar is fraught with belching, regurgitation, unstable stools and other consequences that are dangerous for the liver, kidneys, pancreas and other organs. When preparing a mass that a tiny artificial man must certainly like, keep in mind:

It is prepared exclusively before feeding and in no case - not for the future.

Water (boiled) and the product are quickly mixed in the right proportion until completely dissolved. Then shakes.

It is necessary to cook only in well-sterilized dishes.

For breeding, specialized water without harmful substances is used.

The feeding nipple must be suitable for the baby.

REMEMBER: The temperature of the cooked food should be 36-37° (by dropping a drop on your wrist, check - the liquid should not be felt).

How to calculate the required amount of formula for feeding

The norm is calculated based on the age of the crumbs, weight and appetite. In principle, the so-called. "bulk method". For example, per day the main food should be:

Example. The weight of an infant aged 3.5 months is 5700. Give him 950 ml of an adapted formula per day. But the approximate amount of food, as well as how many hours to feed, is specified in each case separately with the doctor, and not “by eye”.

REMEMBER: Your little "artificial" can eat different amounts of food at a time. The determining factor may be well-being, appetite and other factors.

How much food is needed in one feeding?

To do this, the daily volume is divided by the number of receptions. Those. from the formula 950:6 = 158 we see that at a time through the required period of time (with six feedings) the little one should be given about 160 g.

BTW: The volume of the artificial product does not include juice, water, decoctions of fruits and vegetables. If the menu includes complementary foods (vegetable puree, yolk, cottage cheese), the fact should be taken into account when determining the required volume of the mixture.

How to properly formula feed your baby

How many times to feed - feeding schedule

How to find out after what time, how many times to feed the "artificial"? Their feeding schedule is usually traditional. So, in the first month of life, it is necessary to give food 6-7 times, i.e. a break is maintained somewhere in 3-3.5 hours. (At night, the interval can be about 6 hours). After the interval increases.

ATTENTION: If you notice that the “artificial” baby is not enough, he does not eat up, consult a doctor about increasing the number of feedings.

In a word, everything is determined, and then, if necessary, the doctor will correct it. For example, the baby will not cope with the recommended volume at a time. So, feed more often, but in smaller portions.

One way or another, it is advisable to closely monitor the behavior of the little one. He should not be lethargic and inactive. Should be gaining weight well. Otherwise, at the reception, at the clinic!

BTW: Include water in your formula-fed diet! But do not take it into account when calculating the total amount of the daily norm of a children's meal.

Advantages of artificial feeding

So, is there no breast milk, or are there other good reasons for not breastfeeding? Do not rush to get upset! Yes, the artificial nutrition recommended to you does not contain such unique elements of human milk. But still, this feeding system has its advantages.

1. The most adapted: with the greatest degree of similarity with mother's milk.
2. Highly adapted: due to the presence of tauric acid, nutrition is ideal for premature babies.
3. With less adaptation: from cow's milk powder, without whey, but with the observance of other adaptation parameters.
4. With partial adaptation: without whey, with incomplete adaptation of carbohydrates and fats, starch and sucrose; unacceptable for newborns.
5. Special: for special cases when special nutrition is required (babies with a weakened immune system, premature babies).
6. Therapeutic (lactose-free, soy, semi-elementary, with thickeners - for allergies, malabsorption of food in the intestines, low weight, disorders of the intestinal flora, etc.).
   • in the first two months of life - 1/5 of body weight,
   • in 2-4 months - 1/6,
   • at 4-6 months - 1/7,
   • after six months - 1/8-1/9.
   1. Before feeding with a powder or liquid product mixed with baby water, the temperature of the resulting mass is checked (should not be higher than 36.6-37 degrees).
   2. It is important to observe that the baby does not swallow air while sucking.
   3. Unused mixture should not be given again.
   4. The child should be in a semi-vertical position.
   5. After eating, the dishes and the nipple must be sterilized with high quality.
   1. When preparing food, take the mixture with a clean measuring spoon.
   2. In the first days, prepare the desired volume by adding 10-20 ml. When the “artificial” baby’s diet improves, it will be easier to select the amount.
   3. Yes, milk during artificial feeding is longer in the stomach, and therefore the regimen is established. But if the baby becomes very worried about 15-20 minutes before feeding, do not torment - feed.
   4. The nipple should be with a normal, not a large hole - the milk does not flow in streams, but drips.
   5. Hold in such a way that the milk fills the neck. Otherwise, swallowing air with milk, the baby will burp.
   6. Do not leave him alone with the horn - burping, he may choke.
   7. Don't feed while you sleep.
   8. Go to the clinic if you notice frequent regurgitation, insufficient weight gain and height, frequent (more than three times a day) stools with undigested lumps, any anxiety before or after meals.
   1. You can entrust feeding to your husband or someone from your family, and go away on business.
   2. By feeding the child in this way, the mother knows how much food he needs. Therefore, you will immediately notice health problems.
   3. You can, unlike breastfeeding moms, continue to eat as before.
   4. You are not threatened with mastitis and other problems that arise during breastfeeding.
   5. Due to the longer digestion of the mixture, the number of meals is reduced. So, you can devote much more time to yourself, your family and your favorite business!

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