What to do if sore throat persists. Sore throat does not go away for a long time

30.12.202027.05.2017

Angina is considered to be an infectious disease, because it is caused by various viruses and bacteria. On average, the duration of the disease is from five to ten days, depending on the form of its manifestation. But what to do when angina persists?

Angina is an independent disease. And it is characterized by several symptoms.

Intense sore throat. At the same time, they intensify during a conversation and swallowing food.
Redness of the tonsils and nearby tissues.
The appearance of pustules and plaque.
A sharp rise in temperature up to forty degrees.
Deterioration of the general condition.
The onset of weakness and body aches.
Swollen lymph nodes and soreness.

When sore throat occurs, inflammation of the lymph nodes is inevitable. When germs enter the mouth, they immediately settle on the tonsils. But further development of the process depends on the immune function. If it is weakened, then the inflammatory process begins to spread to the nearest lymph nodes. They are located directly next to the pharynx under the lower jaw.

Lymph nodes with angina are greatly increased in size, and when palpated, severe pain is felt.

Elimination of inflammation of the lymph nodes with angina

With angina, one lymph node begins to become inflamed first, and then the infection passes to the other side. To reduce the inflammation of the lymph nodes, it is necessary to eliminate the infection. Therefore, treatment includes several important recommendations.

Determination of the form of angina. It is of several types: bacterial, viral and fungal. If tonsillitis is bacterial in nature, then the patient must take broad-spectrum antibiotics. The duration of admission is from five to ten days. With viral sore throat, it is recommended to use antiviral agents. You need to take them up to seven days. If angina is fungal, then antimycotic drugs will help cure the disease. Whatever form of tonsillitis occurs, you need to see a doctor. Self-medication can be life-threatening.
Elimination of symptoms. To relieve painful sensations in the throat, swelling of the tonsils and lymph nodes, it is necessary to carry out local therapy. It includes:
gargling six to ten times a day. For the procedure, solutions of furacilin, soda and salt, decoctions of herbs are used.
the use of absorbable tablets that have antiseptic properties. These include Faringosept, Lizobakt, Grammidin.
irrigation of the throat with antiseptic agents in the form of Miramistin, Hexoral, Tantum Verde.
If the patient has a fever, chills, fever and headaches, then pain relievers and antipyretic drugs should be taken. These include Paracetamol, Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Ibuklin.
Compliance with the regime. To avoid adverse consequences and recover quickly, you must adhere to a special regimen. It includes:
bed rest for five days;
drinking a lot of fluids;
a balanced diet rich in vitamins;
eating soft food that does not irritate the throat.

It is strictly forbidden to warm up the lymph nodes with angina and touch them in the acute period of the disease. This method of treatment will be not only ineffective, but also dangerous. When warmed up, blood circulation improves, as a result of which the infection can enter the bloodstream and spread throughout the body.

Why does angina not go away for a long time

Many patients complain about why angina does not go away. There are several reasons for this process. These include.

The immunity of the pathogen to antibiotics. This situation is often observed when taking funds that belong to the penicillin group. The patient may feel worsening.
Incorrectly diagnosed. Very often, sore throat is mistaken for chronic tonsillitis. Also, the disease can be confused in form. If antibiotic treatment was carried out for fungal or viral sore throat, then they will be useless.
Violation of taking antibiotics. Many patients with the onset of improvements, on the second or third day, stop drinking the antibiotic. This process leads to the resistance of bacteria and their greater reproduction. Then, against the background of this, the patient has a second angina. The manifestation of complications is possible.
Failure to follow the doctor's recommendations. The treatment process includes not only taking antibiotics, but also local throat treatment. If the patient neglects the recommendations, then the improvement will not be noticeable.

It should be noted that if the treatment is ineffective, then the patient:

the temperature will not drop;
painful sensations in the throat will not disappear;
lymph nodes will be greatly enlarged;
the condition will worsen markedly.

Incorrect diagnosis and treatment of the disease

If sore throat does not go away after antibiotics and there is an increase in symptoms, then you need to visit a doctor and re-undergo an examination.
Often, patients confuse chronic tonsillitis with angina. If, after a sore throat, recurrent relapses occur, then this indicates a chronic course of the disease. In terms of symptoms, these two diseases are similar, but chronic tonsillitis proceeds much easier, and the symptoms are not so pronounced. It is worth noting that in the chronic form, the throat is not so red, and the lymph nodes do not greatly increase in size.

With antibiotic treatment, rapid recovery occurs, but chronic tonsillitis requires additional treatment.

Strengthening immune function with vitamin complexes or immunostimulants.
Washing the lacunae of the tonsils. In this case, the procedure is recommended to be carried out even after recovery in order to avoid relapses.
Elimination of those causes that cause exacerbation of the disease.

Then the question arises, why does the error occur during diagnosis? There are three main reasons.

The similarity of the symptoms of the chronic and acute course of the disease.
Insufficient information from the patient about accompanying symptoms.
The unwillingness of the doctor to understand the problem more globally.

What then should the patient do in such a situation? If the diagnosis was made incorrectly, then the whole problem is the insufficient qualifications of the doctor. Angina can be confused not only with chronic tonsillitis, but also incorrectly determine the very form of the disease. With fungal sore throat, a whitish milky coating with an unpleasant odor is observed. Viral sore throat is similar to a cold, and plaque and bubbles on the tonsils do not always appear. Bacterial tonsillitis is characterized by a yellowish bloom and the formation of pustules. In such a situation, the patient should consult another doctor.

It also happens that a person diagnoses himself and prescribes antibiotics. And he does it in vain. Self-treatment leads to complications. Against the background of angina, not only tonsillitis of a chronic nature can appear, but also heart and kidney defects.

If the patient stops taking antibiotics on the third day, then taking them again does not make any sense. Then you need to visit a specialist again and take a swab from the oral cavity for the pathogen and its resistance to antibiotics. After the examination, the doctor will prescribe another drug. The main recommendation is to take the medicine for at least seven days. Antibiotics should be used as directed.

Also, the duration of sore throat depends on compliance with the regimen. Patients believe that when the temperature returns to normal, it is already possible to go to work or outside. But doing this is strictly prohibited. Any improvement can be replaced by a worsening of the condition. The same can be said for drinking fluids. It should be drunk not only during high temperatures, but also during the entire recovery period. At a temperature, water helps prevent dehydration, and during rehabilitation, remove all harmful substances and microbes from the body.

Necessary prevention of angina

Once the patient has recovered, several important rules must be followed to avoid relapse.

Compliance with hygiene measures. Always wash your hands and face with soap and water. If a person often suffers from angina, then it is worth purchasing a special antibacterial agent.
Avoiding contact with infected people. Angina has two main modes of transmission:
airborne during conversation, coughing and sneezing;
household contact through toys, dishes, clothes and even touch.
Strengthening immune function. Regardless of the patient's age, hardening procedures must be carried out. These include a contrast shower, walking barefoot on wet rugs, and rubbing off. In the summertime, doctors recommend walking barefoot on grass, sand and rocks.
Also, the strengthening of the function is influenced by preparations containing vitamins and minerals. They need to be drunk in courses, taking a break in the summer.
Leading a healthy lifestyle. Adults should give up such a bad habit as smoking. And also you need to do active rest and sports.
Balanced diet. It is worth giving up fast foods and convenience foods. This food is harmful. Preference should be given to cereals, vegetables, fruits, dairy and fermented milk products, as well as fish and meat.
Daily outdoor walks.

You don't need to treat sore throat yourself. The treatment process should take place under the strict supervision of a doctor.

If the sore throat persists, it is better to stop the useless treatment. Be sure to talk to your doctor and ask him to prescribe other drugs for you. There are many tools that give good results, but not every specialist is able to make a competent appointment.

Why does angina not go away?

Treatment of sore throat sometimes does not give a positive result, several factors can affect this. The symptoms persist for 2 weeks or more, why is this happening?

What if the sore throat does not go away?

What to do if sore throat persists?

To recover, you first need to go to the hospital. The doctor will prescribe a course of antibiotics that will neutralize the causative agent of the infection and prevent complications from appearing. Such drugs can be in different dosage forms: solution, tablets, powder, capsules. They must be taken with a prescription from a therapist. It is forbidden to prescribe treatment on your own.

In addition to drugs, you need:

Monitor nutrition, it must be balanced. Eat more vegetables and fruits. Consume more fluids to flush out toxins from the body. Give preference to still water, herbal and green teas, compotes, fruit drinks, natural juices. Everything is drunk warm.
Gargle with decoctions of medicinal herbs and other special solutions to cleanse the tonsils from pus, plaque and mucus, relieve inflammation and disinfect.
Make warming alcohol compresses.
Do not overcool or irritate the throat with cold liquid or food.
Walk more in the fresh air and ventilate the room.
During treatment, do not drink alcohol and quit smoking, as the smoke will irritate the sore throat.

Keep in mind that if you do not get better from treatment and adherence to all recommendations for two weeks or more, then you should think about changing your doctor or even clinic.

Angina is an infectious disease accompanied by acute inflammation of the tonsils and / or other lymphoid formations of the pharynx. For many people, to get sore throat, it is enough just to eat ice cream or get their feet wet. Other diseases of the nasopharynx and irritating substances that enter the throat (alcohol, dust, tobacco smoke, and so on) also contribute to the development. The following pathogenic microorganisms can provoke the development of pathology: viruses, bacteria and fungi.

In the article, we will take a closer look at the causes and the first signs of angina, talk about symptoms in adults, and also tell you which treatment is most effective.

What is angina?

Angina is a common disease, second in frequency to acute respiratory viral infections and influenza. Most often, the palatine tonsils are inflamed. It is a seasonal disease that usually manifests itself in the fall and spring.

About 75% of people under 30 suffer, of which a larger percentage belongs to children under 15 (about 60%).

Angina is very contagious, so the isolation of the patient is required.

Sore throat is caused by various microbes, mainly streptococci, which enter the pharynx more often with household items that the patient with sore throat used (for example, dirty dishes, etc.).

In some cases, microbes that are in the throat and usually do not cause disease, are activated under the influence of some unfavorable conditions, for example, during cooling or sharp fluctuations in ambient temperature.

Types and forms

Depending on the clinical course, the frequency of the disease and the cause of angina, they are divided into different groups.

In adults, 3 types of tonsillitis are distinguished:

Primary angina... Primary angina is understood as an acute infectious disease, which has a predominantly streptococcal etiology, with a relatively short-term fever, general intoxication, inflammatory changes in the lymphoid tissues of the pharynx, most often in the palatine tonsils and the lymph nodes nearest to them. The duration of the incubation period ranges from 12 hours to 3 days. Characterized by an acute onset with hyperthermia, chills, pain when swallowing, an increase in regional lymph nodes.
Secondary or symptomatic... There is a defeat of the tonsils in the pharynx against the background of such pathologies: diphtheria, agranulocytosis, leukemia, and so on.
Specific angina... It is caused by a specific infectious agent (fungi, spirochete, etc.).

Classification of angina in adults:

Catarrhal sore throat... It usually develops very quickly and acutely. In most cases, a person falls ill suddenly, there is malaise, dryness and sore throat. Duration from 3 to 7 days.
Follicular tonsillitis... The most characteristic feature of this form of angina is the accumulation of fibrinous exudate in the lacunae. At the same time, whitish deposits are formed on the edematous and hyperemic mucous membrane of the tonsils, localized in the mouths of the lacunae. More often they are separate formations, less often they merge together and cover most of the surface of these organs. The duration of the disease is 6 to 8 days.
Lacunar angina... The tonsils are affected in the area of \u200b\u200bthe lacunae, followed by the spread of purulent plaque to the surface of the palatine tonsils. During pharyngoscopy, infiltration and swelling of the tonsils, severe hyperemia and expansion of lacunae are observed. Such a sore throat lasts 6 - 8 days.
Necrotizing tonsillitis... On the surface of the tonsils, large areas of dead tissue are visible, going deep and covered with a bumpy bloom of gray or yellow-green color. Foci of necrosis are impregnated with fibrin and thickened. After their removal, bleeding occurs, and then an ulcer is formed up to 2 cm in size, with uneven edges.
Phlegmonous - this type of angina most often occurs against the background of supposedly passing classic signs of angina - the tonsils again begin to swell, the soft palate turns red.
Herpetic sore throat... It most often develops in children. It is caused by A and is a highly contagious disease. The virus carrier is a sick person, in rare cases they can be pets.
Ulcerative membranous Is a sore throat without fever. The patient usually has necrosis of one of the tonsils with the formation of an ulcer. The patient complains that he feels a foreign body when swallowing, his salivation increases, and a putrid smell is felt from his mouth.

Causes of occurrence

The primary focus of inflammation is formed in the lymphoid tissue of the oropharynx. The causes predisposing to the disease may be local and general hypothermia, dusty and gas-polluted atmosphere, increased dryness of premises, decreased immunity, etc.

In most cases, angina develops, which reduce the protective functions of the epithelium in the airways, thereby opening the path of infection.

From person to person, angina is transmitted by airborne droplets or by alimentary (food) routes. With endogenous infection, microbes enter the tonsils from carious teeth, paranasal sinuses () or the nasal cavity. With a weakened immune system, angina can be caused by bacteria and viruses that are constantly present on the mucous membrane of the mouth and pharynx.

Ways of infection in the adult body:

Airborne (the most common transmission route).
Enteral (along with contaminated dairy products).
Hematogenous (with blood flow from organs and tissues infected with the pathogen).
Endogenous (in patients with gastroenteritis, purulent sinusitis, and caries).
Artificial (when performing surgical operations on the nasopharynx and nasal cavity (traumatic tonsillitis)).

In addition, the following reasons can provoke the disease in adults:

improper and irrational nutrition;
severe overwork of the body;
living in unfavorable conditions;
lack of sufficient sunlight;
constant dampness.

Considering that angina in the overwhelming majority of cases is caused by streptococci, and rheumatism, glomerulonephritis, and occur precisely with streptococcal infections, treatment in adults begins with penicillin antibiotics.

Symptoms of sore throat + photo

The incubation period (the time spanning the period of introduction of a pathogenic factor into the human body before the first clinical symptoms) lasts on average about 10-48 hours.

Common symptoms of angina in adults:

Temperature increase. The specific response of the human body to the pathogenic activity of bacterial agents. High temperature promotes the speedy elimination of toxins from the body, enhances the immune response, and also reduces the rate of reproduction of bacteria;
chills and malaise;
headache appears due to intoxication of the human body with the waste products of pathogenic microorganisms;
increased fatigue;
pain in the articular joints (the symptom is typical for both children and adults).
Difficulty swallowing. This symptom develops as a consequence of inflammation of the tonsils. At the same time, the opening of the oropharynx decreases, which leads to difficulty in the passage of food through it. Also, when swallowing, pain sensations increase, which causes the patient to be careful when making swallowing movements.
If the disease is severe, then areas of necrosis are formed on the tonsils, which have a dark gray color. The dead tissue is rejected, replaced by defective areas of 10 mm.

Adults are infected from the carrier of the infection, which releases it into the external environment. A close team at work, the use of common cutlery, dishes, and a negligent attitude towards the rules of personal hygiene play a significant role here.

In the photo below, you can see what angina looks like in an adult:

The photo shows the accumulation of pus on the tonsils - this is a characteristic sign of sore throat

	Symptoms in adults
Catarrhal sore throat	The inflammatory process affects the mucous membrane of the tonsils, while provoking unexpressed pain during swallowing. It appears: Subfebrile temperature (temperature rise to 37-38 ° C) Slight malaise Possibly enlarged lymph nodes Increase and redness of the tonsils themselves
	It is a purulent tonsillitis, and its development is accompanied by the appearance of suppuration on the tonsils in the form of light yellow bubbles.
	The appearance of characteristic signs at any age: pain in the throat, increased swelling of the tonsils, rise in body temperature, the appearance of signs of intoxication of the body in the form of headaches, bouts of nausea and vomiting, an increase in the size of the lymph nodes in the submandibular region, the appearance of plaque (colored yellow - white) in the mouths of lacunae.
Necrotic form	It is accompanied by the following symptoms: persistent fever headache, vomiting, confusion.
Viral	The main symptom of viral sore throat is severe pain in the front of the neck. In addition, the patient has symptoms such as: chills; feverish condition; sore throat; grayish bloom on the tonsils; swelling of the neck; bad breath; change of voice.

What to do when the first signs appear?

The first signs of angina appear very quickly. In most cases, a bacterial form develops, in which the patient complains of a sore throat and plaque on the tonsils. Viral sore throat is often accompanied by lacrimation, runny nose and others. Treatment depends on the type of pathogen (bacteria or virus).

The patient is isolated in another room, he is allocated separate dishes and items of care. He must comply with the following rules:

bed rest in the early days of illness, especially at high temperatures;
limiting physical activity;
non-irritating, soft food, mainly vegetable-milk, plentiful warm drink.

Complications for the body

Despite the fact that angina seems to be a frivolous disease and many people ignore its complex treatment, it is fraught with numerous complications. Complications of angina are conventionally divided into local and general.

Local complications of angina:

abscesses of the surrounding soft tissue (formation of large cavities filled with pus);
phlegmon (spilled accumulation of pus, unlimited);
otitis;
laryngeal edema;
bleeding from the tonsils.

Are common:

rheumatism;
kidney damage;
damage to the gastrointestinal tract;
penetration of infectious agents from the throat into the chest;
spread of infectious agents into the cranial cavity;
- the most severe complication of angina.

To avoid these complications, it is necessary to consult a specialist in time in order to choose the correct tactics for treating angina.

Diagnostics

When the first symptoms of the disease appear, you need to contact an ENT doctor or infectious disease specialist. If this is not possible, a therapist or pediatrician, as well as a family doctor, can diagnose and prescribe treatment. With the development of complications in the treatment of the patient, a cardiologist, nephrologist, rheumatologist is involved.

When making a diagnosis, the clinical picture of the disease, the history data are taken into account, and the patient is assigned a pharyngoscopy and a bacterial culture study. The differential diagnosis of angina with ARVI, acute pharyngitis and pharynx is mandatory.

The main signs that allow you to identify a bacterial infection:

severe redness and swelling of the tonsils and uvula;
with areas of gray plaque;
plaque on the tongue;
enlargement of the cervical lymph nodes;
the formation of a peritonsillar abscess, in which one amygdala is pushed to the center of the soft palate, to the uvula, is a sign of a severe degree of the disease;
pain accompanied by drooling, difficulty speaking, difficulty swallowing and breathing.

Treatment of angina in adults

In most cases, the treatment of angina is carried out on an outpatient basis, but in case of severe course, the patient is hospitalized in the infectious diseases department. Do not forget that you should limit the patient's communication with family members so as not to spread the infection.

Give the sick person a separate dish and towel. With proper and timely treatment, recovery occurs in about seven days.

Medicines are prescribed to the patient depending on what symptoms he has. In case of severe pain syndrome, he needs to take anesthetics.

Preparations for the treatment of angina:

Fusafunzhin (bioparox) - 4 inhalation by mouth every 4 hours for 4-5 days. May cause irritation of the nasopharyngeal mucosa, bronchospasm, allergic reactions.
Ambazon - keep the tablet in your mouth until it is completely dissolved (adults 3-5 tablets per day, children from 3 to 7 years old, 1 tablet 3 times a day for 3-4 days). After taking the pill, refrain from eating and drinking for 3 hours.
Gramicidin - the tablet is kept in the mouth (behind the cheek) until it is completely dissolved. Apply 2 tablets (one after the other for 20-30 minutes) 4 times a day for 2-3 days.
In case of a severe form of the disease, the following remedies are recommended: Hexoral Stopangin Strepsils Lux Lugol.
Antihistamines. Shown are drugs such as: Suprastin, Tavegil, Fenkarol, Claritin, etc.
To reduce body temperature and reduce pain, antipyretic drugs and analgesics are prescribed.
With angina, the symptoms subside thanks to menthol-based absorbable tablets. Special aerosols can be used instead. Their use helps to relieve the pain syndrome that the throat is prone to with angina.

In that case, if body temperature lasts more than 5 days, the treatment regimen should be changed, as this indicates its ineffectiveness.

Antibiotics

In adults, at the first signs of the disease, antibiotics may not be used. They are indicated only in the case of the bacterial nature of the infection. With properly selected antibiotic therapy, the patient's condition improves quickly. But the doctor's task is not only to quickly recover the patient, but also to prevent the development of complications. This is achieved by completely eliminating the pathogen, which occurs when antibiotics are used for at least 10 days.

How many days, in what way, and what dosage of the medicine should be taken, is prescribed by the attending physician.

Gargling

It is important to remember that when rinsing the throat, pathogenic microorganisms are washed out from the mucous membrane, so this should be done as often as possible. When rinsing your throat at home, you can use solutions:

herbal decoctions
furacilin
hydrogen peroxide.

After recovery, the patient is assigned a control laboratory study, and in case of revealing signs of complications, consultation and subsequent treatment with a specialized specialist is highly recommended.

Diet

Such meals include the following dishes:

Porridges in water or milk (oatmeal, rice, semolina) are liquid in consistency, reminiscent of jelly.
Mashed soups, broths (with pieces of bread).
The bread should be white, free of yeast and not too fresh, but not stale either.
Boiled and preferably mashed or mashed vegetables: potatoes, tomatoes, cabbage, pumpkin.
Pasta, but small ones are better.
Boiled eggs, omelets.
Diet varieties of fish: bream, pollock, cod.
Steam or boiled dishes: cutlets, meatballs. They are prepared from dietary meat: chicken, veal, rabbit meat.
Dairy products should be low in fat. Curd is taken with a creamy consistency.
Fruits need to be baked or boiled.

When treating angina, it is necessary:

reduce the amount of proteins (up to seventy grams), carbohydrates (up to three hundred grams), fats (up to about sixty grams);
increase the number of meals up to five times, eat in small portions;
boil food, steam it, and then serve it chopped up;
eat vegetables, various cereals;
do not eat hot and cold foods;
drink drinks containing vitamins: fruit drinks, herbal teas, sugar-free jelly.

Folk remedies

Traditional methods of treatment are aimed at reducing inflammation in the pharynx, strengthening the body's defenses, and recovering from an illness as soon as possible. For these purposes, decoctions of plants with anti-inflammatory action (chamomile, sage, oak bark), teas and infusions of berries with a high content of vitamins (currants, cranberries, rose hips) are used.

Calendula inflorescences, plantain leaves, wormwood herb - all equally. Pour 1 tablespoon of the mixture with 1 cup of boiling water, boil over low heat for 10-15 minutes, drain. Gargle with a warm solution every 2 hours.
Beet juice. Grate the beets, squeeze out the juice and gargle with them. By the same analogy, you can make carrot juice, which is used alone or diluted with beet juice.
Sage leaf - 3 parts, chamomile flowers - 3 parts, love spell herb - 3 parts, 1 teaspoon of the mixture, brew 1 cup boiling water, leave for 30 minutes, drain. Gargle with sore throat and.
3-5 pieces of spicy cloves pour a glass of boiling water and leave for 2 hours. The infusion should be taken in 50 g, but it can be all, depending on the severity of the disease.
Grate a glass of beets, pour in a tablespoon of vinegar, let the mixture stand. Then squeeze out the juice, rinse the throat with it and swallow 1-2 tablespoons.

Forecast

With regard to the prognosis of treatment, with catarrhal tonsillitis, the prognosis of treatment is favorable in all cases. The disease goes away especially quickly with timely treatment started. Favorable prognosis in the treatment of follicular and lacunar tonsillitis. Still, they can lead to the development of chronic tonsillitis.

Severe complications are caused by the transferred necrotizing tonsillitis of any form of complexity. The most common complications are rheumatism and glomerulonephritis.

Prevention

The prevention of a disease is always more profitable and easier than its treatment. Prevention of sore throat is no exception. At home, you can carry out some simple procedures and follow the rules that reduce the risk of getting sick:

In order not to become infected with sore throat, it is also important not to maintain contact with a person with sore throat, not to use common household items, etc.
Daily exercise, walking in the fresh air, rubbing and dousing with cold water, a contrast shower - all this can work wonders for immunity;
Proper nutrition. It directly affects the immune system, therefore, it should be a richly healthy food that carries vitamins and minerals to the body, and not fat with cholesterol.
And one of the basic rules for adults is oral cavity sanitation, timely treatment of diseases such as caries, nasal congestion,.

At the first symptoms of a sore throat, be sure to consult a therapist or ENT doctor for competent treatment.

This is all about angina: what are its main symptoms and signs, how to treat it in children and adults, whether it can be cured quickly and at home. Do not be ill!

... Another name for the disease is acute tonsillitis. With this ailment, the palatine tonsils (tonsils) become inflamed.

This disease is fraught with many complications on the heart, kidneys, etc. If we consider the reasons why angina occurs, then they can be conditionally divided into main and additional.

The main reasons for the development of angina are pathogens that enter the body and multiply there.

Bacteria, viruses and fungus can give an impetus to the development of the disease, which determine. It should be noted that in 50% of cases, hemolytic group A streptococcus is the culprit.

You can get sore throat as follows:

Airborne droplets, when the pathogen is transmitted from a sick patient or from a healthy person who is a carrier of the infection. Therefore, if a patient appears in the house, then the risk of getting sore throat to other household members should be reduced: it is necessary, if possible, to isolate him in a separate room or use a mask;
By contact method. You can get sore throat when using the same dishes with a patient, with a kiss, with a handshake. Therefore, in order not to get infected, the patient should be allocated a separate dish.

However, not always, when pathogenic microflora enters the body, angina begins to develop.

If the immune system is working properly, then, most likely, all pathogens will be destroyed.

Viruses, bacteria and fungi begin to actively multiply on the tonsils only when a favorable environment exists for them.

Such an environment is created with weakened immunity, which, in turn, suffers for a number of reasons.

Postponed infectious diseases or any long and severe therapy.
Physical and mental overwork, lack of adequate sleep, high fatigue for a long time.
Bad habits: alcoholism, drug addiction and tobacco smoking are very serious causes of decreased immunity.
Hypothermia of the body - complete or partial.

Therefore, with a weakened immune system, for any of the above reasons, angina can become a frequent guest, which entails the development of chronic tonsillitis.

As for children, their immunity is not fully formed, therefore the body has a weak protective reaction.

When the causative agent of the disease enters the child's body, angina almost always takes place.

The causes of frequent sore throat also include improper treatment. Sometimes patients neglect the doctor's prescriptions, relying on their knowledge and "experience", trying to defeat the disease only with my and personal prescriptions.

As a result, only some of the symptoms of the disease are alleviated, but the sore throat itself does not heal and at the first opportunity it manifests itself "in all its glory."

And then questions arise as to why the disease does not go away in any way, and what to do about it. The answer is simple: you should get qualified medical help.

Symptoms of the disease

Surely, everyone at least once in his life had the "luck" to get sore throat. And the symptoms of this disease are familiar to everyone.

A very palpable and sharp sore throat is the most striking symptoms of angina. The painful sensations increase when swallowing. The causes of sore throat are due to severe inflammation of the tonsils.
Increased body temperature (up to 39-41 0С).
Swelling and tenderness of the submandibular lymph nodes.
Headache.
Fever, chills.
General malaise, weakness.
Joint aches.

All these symptoms indicate that angina is developing.

The disease is characterized by certain signs by which the doctor makes a diagnosis.

Severe redness of the tonsils in the early stages of the development of the disease.
Enlargement of the tonsils.
Whitish plaque on the tonsils, abscesses, isolated places of accumulation of pus.
Discoloration of the palatine arch, soft palate and uvula.

The above are common symptoms and signs common to all types of tonsillitis.

The causes of the disease (type of pathogen) and the degree of damage to the tonsils determine the type of angina, which has its additional signs.

Types of ailment by type of pathogen

Depending on the pathogen.

Bacterial species
Its culprit is more often than usual hemolytic streptococcus of group A (in almost 90% of cases of this type of angina). The risk of getting sick is less often caused by staphylococcus.

Sometimes the bacterial form can occur after scarlet fever, diphtheria. This type of angina is more common in adults.

Viral look
The disease is caused by adenoviruses, Coxsackie enterovirus, herpes virus, rhinoviruses.

With angina of a viral type, redness of the back wall of the throat and tonsils, whitish or pale yellow plaque on the tonsils are observed.

Additional symptoms are abdominal pain, loss of appetite, and irritability. Babies under 3 years old are more susceptible to viral tonsillitis.

Viral-bacterial species
The name of this sore throat speaks for itself: the disease is caused by viral and bacterial microflora. Both adults and children over 6 years old can get sick with this type of disease.

The characteristic symptoms and signs of the disease depend on the type of pathogenic microorganisms.

Fungal species
The causative agent of the disease are fungi of the genus Candida in conjunction with harmful cocci.

With angina with a fungal nature, the symptoms of the disease are complemented by a curdled cover on the tonsils. Most often, this type of sore throat occurs in young children.

Types of tonsillitis by the nature and degree of damage to the tonsils

There is also a classification of the disease according to the degree of damage to the glands.

Catarrhal
With angina of this type, the tonsils are superficially affected. The following symptoms and signs are characteristic of the disease:

sore throat;
tonsils increase in size;
the mucous membrane of the pharynx swells and becomes crimson;
the patient feels lethargic;
submandibular lymph nodes increase and hurt when pressed;
constant long-term rise in body temperature within 37-38 ° С. For some young adults, it is quite possible for the disease to occur without fever.

The disease lasts 2-3 days. Then her symptoms go away or her more complex forms begin to develop: follicular or lacunar.

Follicular
With angina of this type, the follicles of the palatine tonsils are inflamed. On the tonsils, a punctate, friable bloom of a yellowish-green hue, reminiscent of millet grains, appears. The follicular appearance has the following symptoms and signs:

severe pain in the throat, which worsens when swallowing and is felt in the depths of the auricle;
high temperature (38-39 ° C);
chills;
joint pain;
nasal voice;
increased salivation;
headache;
weakness;
sometimes heart pains occur;

The disease lasts long enough and goes away after 7-10 days, or it can become chronic.

Lacunar
The physiological feature of the palatine tonsils is the presence of lacunae (channels) in them, which penetrate them through and through and represent a branched structure. There can be 10-20 lacunae in one gland.

With angina of a lacunar type, the lacunas are inflamed and purulent plugs form in them. Most often, children and adolescents, less often adults, can get sick with the lacunar form.

The disease is characterized by the following symptoms:

high body temperature up to 41 ° C;
sore throat;
headache;
lack of appetite;
insomnia;
pain in the joints of the jaw;
muscle pain;
redness of the cheeks and pallor of the nasolabial triangle;
redness of the palatine arches, tonsils, soft palate;
heart palpitations up to 90 beats per minute;
upset stomach and intestines.
enlarged lymph nodes.

For children, the lacunar form is fraught with complications on the cardiovascular system, and serve as the development of pneumonia. The disease disappears, as well as the follicular form, after 10 days.

Fibrinous
This form develops from lacunar or follicular sore throat in the event that they have been poorly treated.

The disease can also occur spontaneously in adults and children with weakened immune systems.

This species is characterized by an acute onset, when the temperature rises sharply to high values. In addition, the fibrinous form has the following symptoms:

on the tonsils, whitish-yellow areas of the fibrinous film, pus of the opened follicles are visible;
pus spreads through the palate and pharynx;
cervical lymph nodes are enlarged and painful;
vomiting and diarrhea may occur;
shortness of breath appears;
children can lose consciousness.

Herpetic
The disease is caused by Coxsackie viruses of groups A or B, ECHO viruses that are transmitted when communicating with a sick person, through household items.

You can also get sick from an outwardly healthy animal. With angina of this type, the patient experiences the following symptoms:

sore throat;
tonsillitis;
rash in the soft palate and on the walls of the pharynx;
swallowing disorders;
increased body temperature;
nausea and vomiting;
stomach ache;
increased salivation;
cough.

The herpetic form is fraught with serious consequences in the form of meningitis, myocarditis, encephalitis, pyelonephritis.

That is why, at the slightest symptoms of the disease, you should immediately seek medical help and not self-medicate.

Seasonality is characteristic of herpetic sore throat - the greatest probability of getting it occurs in summer and autumn.

Phlegmonous

This form is also called intratonsillar abscess. Haemophilus influenzae or pyogenic streptococcus are considered the cause of the disease.

Also, this form can be called a complication of other types of tonsillitis. The most susceptible to this disease are people whose lymphoid tissue is highly friable, as well as patients suffering from chronic tonsillitis.

The phlegmonous form is an acute purulent inflammation of the tissue, which is located near the tonsils.

Almost always, purulent phenomena develop on one side of the pharynx. With angina of this type, patients have complaints about the following:

increased body heat 39-40 0С;
a sharp pain in the throat when swallowing and talking, which is felt in the depths of the auricle;
headache;
enlarged tonsil;
fever and chills;
bad breath;
unilateral edema of the soft palate;
change of voice.

Ulcerative necrotic

The second name of the disease is known as "Angina Simanovsky-Plaut-Vincent".

The reason for this type is conditionally pathogenic bacteria in the oral cavity (fusiform bacillus and spirochete).

People with reduced immunity are susceptible to this disease. With a sore throat of Simanovsky-Plaut-Vincent, a dirty green cover with a putrid odor forms on the tonsils.

By 3-4 days, the film begins to be torn away from the tonsil.

After its removal, ulcers are visible on the glands, which can bleed. There is tissue necrosis, which can "capture" and the palatine arches.

In addition to the symptoms described, the patient experiences the following:

feeling of a foreign object in the throat;
increased salivation;
bad breath.

As a rule, the body temperature is normal, only in exceptional cases it can rise.

Therefore, to the question of whether angina can be without fever, it should be answered that certain forms of the disease occur at normal body temperature.

The illness usually goes away after 3-4 weeks, but it can last for several months. This type of sore throat is quite rare, mainly men from 18 to 35 years old suffer from it.

After describing all the "charms" of the disease, it becomes quite clear why you should definitely consult a doctor for angina of any kind.

You should not allow various complications, it is necessary to stop the infection immediately.

We hope that the article material has given you all the necessary information about angina, and may your knowledge of the disease remain only theoretical.

Angina or tonsillitis is an acute infectious disease that manifests itself in general intoxication of the body, fever, and inflammation in the tissues of the tonsils. Most often, the disease has a streptococcal etiology that requires antibacterial treatment, since the lack of proper therapy can develop many complications, including disruption of the heart and kidneys.

When diagnosed, in 90%, streptococci and staphylococci are detected, much less often angina has a fungal or viral character. Angina is transmitted by airborne droplets and through household items, the main source of infection is a person with an acute form of angina and directly a carrier of pathogenic bacteria.

The risk of contracting the disease increases with a number of negative factors against the background of reduced immunity: frequent hypothermia, trauma to the tonsils, recent infectious diseases, and overwork.

The main place of reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms is the palatine tonsils, less often the lateral ridges located on the posterior wall of the pharynx. After overcoming the local defense of the tonsils, pathogenic microorganisms begin to multiply actively, releasing substances that provoke inflammation. Often, the pathogen and its waste products spread to nearby tissues, such as lymph nodes, which also become inflamed. With proper treatment, the inflammatory process is limited to this, but still the pathogen can cause damage to the surrounding tissues of the tonsils (sepsis, abscess) and internal organs (liver, kidneys, heart, blood vessels, central nervous system).

Since in most cases it is provoked by streptococci, treatment involves the appointment of antibacterial drugs that successfully help cope with the disease. But sometimes there is a condition when after treatment with antibiotics and the patient feels only a temporary improvement. What is the reason and what should the patient do?

Tonsillitis with antibiotic treatment may not go away and develop again in the following cases:

Pathogenic microorganisms proved to be resistant to the prescribed antibiotic. Often this condition occurs while taking penicillin antibiotics, much less often a reaction occurs to macrolides and cephalosporins. In such cases, tonsillitis, while taking antibiotics, does not go away, the patient does not feel relief.
Misdiagnosed. Very often, with an exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis, the doctor diagnoses sore throat or the symptoms are mistakenly taken as another disease, which leads to the appointment of the wrong drugs.
Error in diagnosis and its absence. Often, the patient himself or the doctor mistakenly establish a diagnosis without conducting the necessary tests, prescribing antibiotics for the course of a viral or fungal sore throat, which is not advisable. With such treatment, angina will manifest itself in full, sometimes a worsening of the condition may occur.
Taking the wrong antibiotics. Many patients mistakenly perceive the normalization of the general condition as the end of the disease, therefore, they stop taking antibacterial drugs for 3-4 days, which is strictly prohibited. Such a violation in the rules for taking medications can lead to the development of chronic tonsillitis and other more serious complications.
Re-infection with angina after recovery. This condition occurs quite rarely, but does not exclude this manifestation.

It is very important to monitor your condition during antibiotic treatment, if no improvement occurs within a few days, signs of intoxication, fever and sore throat are observed, then this indicates improper treatment. Do not worry if after 2-3 days the general condition has returned to normal, but the temperature remains elevated. Such a manifestation is characterized not by the activity of the pathogen, but by a high content of toxic substances and bacteria in the blood and tissues. The norm is the presence of an elevated temperature while taking antibiotics for a week, but not more than 37-37.5 degrees, while the patient's condition should be normalized.

With the right treatment, there should be no situations of lack of positive dynamics of recovery. The lack of improvement in the patient's condition indicates an incorrectly prescribed treatment, an error in diagnosis, or a violation of drug intake.

Antibiotic resistance of microorganisms

With the resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to the prescribed drug, the following situations may arise:

with the complete completion of antibiotic therapy, the disease continues to manifest itself;
angina passes, but after a while it develops again in an acute form.

It is possible to notice the fact that the drug is not effective after a few days of taking antibiotics, in which case the patient does not feel any improvement, the temperature is kept within 38-39 degrees.

According to statistics, the resistance of the pathogen occurs in 25% of cases to penicillins (Ampicillin, Amoxicillin), in 8% - to cephalosporins (Cefalexin, Cefadroxil), in 5% - to macrolides (Azithromycin, Erythromycin).

The main reasons for the emergence of resistance include:

the use of an antibacterial drug that was used previously, while the treatment did not give a positive result;
improper use of local antibiotic therapy (throat irrigation and nasal instillation with a cold with antibacterial agents);
the initial resistance of bacteria to the assigned group of the drug.

Often there are cases when the doctor violates the rules for prescribing a drug, not paying attention to the early unsuccessful treatment with this type of medicine.

With bacterial resistance, the patient has no improvement in his condition, or worsening is noted. Practice shows that in the absence of positive dynamics for 48 hours, the drug should be considered ineffective for the treatment of angina. In this case, you need to consult a doctor to replace the drug with another.

It is worth changing the doctor if, upon repeated treatment, he prolongs the treatment with this drug or prescribes a new one, without prescribing additional tests. After changing the medication, the patient must strictly adhere to the recommendations and undergo a second course to the end.

Error in diagnosing and prescribing treatment

If the disease is misdiagnosed and treated with antibiotics, a repeated exacerbation of angina may occur. Signs may be clinically similar to the manifestation of tonsillitis, and only a doctor, by some signs, will be able to distinguish between re-development. With an exacerbation of tonsillitis, symptoms usually develop faster and easier, therefore, even in the absence of antibiotic therapy, the patient's condition is relieved.

In the case when chronic tonsillitis is perceived as tonsillitis, the use of antibiotics does not in any way affect the symptoms of the disease and external changes in the tonsils.

But it should be borne in mind that the chronic form of the disease also requires antibiotic therapy, but additional local treatment is necessary (irrigation of the throat with sprays, rinsing, the use of lozenges for resorption) and strengthening of the immune defense.

The reasons for the misdiagnosis of the disease include:

incomplete information from the patient about the anamnesis data;
the doctor's unwillingness to deal with the form and type of the disease, the appointment of standard treatment for streptococcal angina;
similar development of tonsillitis and exacerbation of tonsillitis.

Re-development of tonsillitis after antibiotic therapy at short intervals indicates the presence of tonsillitis in a chronic form. Also, this diagnosis is confirmed by the constant presence of yellow plugs on the tonsils and their enlargement. Normally, the disease can occur no more than once a year.

If the doctor mistakenly prescribed antibiotic treatment for an exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis, it is necessary to change the doctor, since improper therapy will lead to constant exacerbations of the disease for several years, as a result, the patient may need an operation to remove the tonsils.

It is important to know that self-administration of antibiotics can lead not only to the loss of tonsils, but also to the development of serious complications on the internal organs.

Antibacterial treatment of fungal and viral tonsillitis

One of the most common reasons for the lack of recovery is the prescription of an antibiotic for the development of viral or fungal tonsillitis. This happens when self-diagnosing the disease and prescribing treatment, considering that high fever and sore throat are direct and main signs of sore throat. But these signs may indicate other diseases (pharyngitis, ARVI), including viral and fungal tonsillitis, which do not respond to antibacterial treatment.

Also, angina is mistakenly established if there is a purulent plaque on the tonsils, which may indicate the presence of fungal pharyngitis. In this case, antibiotics not only will not have a positive effect, but can also worsen the course of the disease. Therefore, when the first symptoms appear, it is necessary to contact a specialist who, based on the available signs and test results, will make the correct diagnosis and prescribe treatment.

Only a doctor can determine the type of sore throat or distinguish tonsillitis from another disease, since sometimes it is difficult even for a specialist to distinguish diseases by symptoms alone. Distinctive features of catarrhal tonsillitis from viral () or lacunar tonsillitis are:

the presence of a runny nose indicates the development of a viral disease, with angina, this symptom is absent (with the exception of some cases);
with angina, purulent plaque is located only on the tonsils, with the development of other forms or diseases, pus can go beyond the tonsils and spread to the tongue, palatine arches and palate, which indicates a fungal disease;
with angina, redness is noted only on the tonsils, redness of the larynx indicates a viral course of the disease.

The lack of positive dynamics indicates incorrect treatment, in which case it is required to consult a doctor for re-diagnosis. If a viral or fungal sore throat is detected, the doctor prescribes antiviral or antifungal drugs.

Violation of taking antibacterial drugs

In most cases, if the rules for taking antibiotics are violated, repeated exacerbations of the disease or an initial lack of improvement may occur.

Such conditions can occur in the following situations:

Violation of the rules of use or irregular use of the drug. For example, some medications require a separate intake from food, since it interferes with the absorption of the drug components into the blood. Bicillins should be administered only intramuscularly, violation of the usage patterns can reduce the effectiveness of the drug.
Use of local drugs instead of systemic ones. Some believe that irrigation of the throat and the use of absorbable beddings are enough to get rid of the disease, but such measures help only superficially destroy the pathogen, without exerting a deep effect and without destroying the pathogen.
Stop taking the drug immediately after the onset of improvements. It is necessary to strictly adhere to the dosage and duration of the course of antibiotic therapy. On average, the course lasts about 10 days, depending on the prescribed drug, the treatment can be carried out for 5 days.

This situation is most often observed in adult patients who take the drug only when they remember it, without observing the time interval. If the patient constantly forgets to take the medicine, a reminder or alarm should be set, since it is very important to take the antibiotic at the same time.

Re-development of the disease

Re-infection occurs quite rarely, but such cases have been recorded. After proper treatment and successful completion of the disease, pathogenic bacteria can re-enter the body and begin to multiply. After treatment, antibodies remain in the blood for a long time, and immunity cells in the tonsils, this provides resistance to re-development. An exception may be a decrease in the body's immune defenses and frequent contact with sick people (interns, doctors), which can provoke a re-development of the disease, which also requires the appointment of antibiotics.