In summer cottages, there is no provision for connection to the central water supply and sewerage line. Therefore, summer residents began to build autonomous systems that are so necessary for normal life. The sewerage system of a private country house can be made in different ways.
Scheme of the sewerage device of a residential building using a septic tank Ways to connect the system from, the type of soil, and the characteristics of the system itself:
- drain hole;
- storage capacity;
- septic tank.
Septic tanks are:
- with one camera
- two-chamber (multi-chamber);
- with filtering fields;
- with biofilters;
- aeration.
Before choosing a sewage disposal method, determine the length of stay in a country house: permanently or only in summer. Assess the depth of groundwater and soil structure. Calculate the approximate daily water consumption for each tenant. Also take into account climatic conditions.
3D project of the device and placement of sewerage in a summer cottage The autonomous sewerage system of a private house is conditionally divided into two types: a storage system and wastewater treatment equipment. The storage system includes a sealed container for drains and a cesspool without a bottom. Single-chamber and with filtration and without it belong to the equipment for wastewater treatment.
Cesspool without a bottom
The easiest and most proven way to organize the sewerage of a private house is. 
Comparative diagram of the design of cesspools
This method is more than 50 years old, and before there was no rational alternative.
A cesspool is a well that has no bottom. Its walls are finished with brick or reinforced concrete. Other building materials can also be used. The bottom of the well remains uncovered. When liquid enters the pit, a cleaner liquid goes into the soil, and fecal masses, organic waste remain on the surface and accumulate. 
When the well is completely filled with solid waste, it must be cleaned.
Previously, the walls of such a well were not finished with building material. As soon as the pits were at least two-thirds full, they dug it in and dug a new one in another place. It's not entirely rational.
A cesspool without a bottom is suitable for those people whose average water consumption per day is less than 1 m 3.
The device of a cesspool from concrete rings If the flow rate is several times greater, then with the help of a natural filter - soil - the water will not be purified. Untreated effluents can enter underground water channels and clog them. This may cause pollution within a radius of 50 m.
A cesspool without a bottom has a characteristic smell. To combat it, various microorganisms are added. They partially neutralize unpleasant odors and help filter drains.
If the house is intended for permanent residence, such a sewerage system will not work. It can only be effectively used when people come to the house for several days a week.
storage tank
A sealed container is installed on a suburban area, into which wastewater flows through sewer pipes. 
Sewerage device and drawing using a storage tank
It can be bought at any hardware store, or you can make it yourself. The factory storage tank is made of dense plastic or metal. A homemade container is made of reinforced concrete rings, and the bottom is made of concrete. The storage tank is covered with a metal lid.
Corrugated pipes of large diameter are used for sewerage supply. This reduces the risk of clogging and they will last a long time.
A sealed container can be rationally used if the site has a high level of groundwater. So you exclude their contamination with sewage waste. The only drawback of such a system is that regular cleaning is required. Since the liquid will not go into the soil, all fecal and solid waste will remain on the surface. 
The bottom of the pit itself or the storage tank should be deeper than 3–3.5 m from the ground surface. Otherwise, the hose simply will not reach the bottom.
When constructing a sewer in the form of a sealed container, the convenience of access to it for cleaning is taken into account.
It is also worth considering a lid for the storage tank to protect it from freezing in winter. 
Installation drawing of the storage tank on the site
The most expensive way to build such a cover is concrete pouring, but you can use a cheaper option - used eurocubes. And you can make something completely out of concrete with your own hands, something in between a cesspool and a sealed container.
Single chamber septic tank
It practically does not differ from the cesspool. A single-chamber septic tank is a well. The bottom is covered with sand and gravel. Each layer of such materials must be at least 30 cm.
It is forbidden to plant trees or other edible crops above the filtration fields. You can only plant flowers.
Over time, the fields become silted up and need to be cleared. This is done by replacing sand and gravel.
The organization of such a sewerage system is possible if the groundwater level is 2–3 m below the filtration field itself. In all other parameters, such a solution can be implemented only on
Sewerage is one of the first systems that are designed when building a new house. When choosing a suitable design, several factors are taken into account:
- System cost.
- Service complexity.
- Terms of operation.
- Efficiency.
In order to decide what to choose, it is worth considering, in the light of the listed criteria, the three most common sewers for a country house: a do-it-yourself sewage pit, a treatment (ready-made) container installed in the ground and an autonomous septic tank.
Making a sewer pit is a common and popular solution to the problem of sewerage. When arranging, concrete rings are buried in the ground or a well is made of bricks. Water goes into the ground, and sewage settles in a pit and is subsequently pumped out by a sewer. The calculation of the pit is done taking into account the fact that 1.5 m³ will be required for each tenant of the house. What characteristics distinguish such a design?
- Cost price. You can make a sewer pit from any improvised means. Old tires, rubble bricks left over from a destroyed building or concrete rings are used. The work is carried out independently or with the involvement of builders, which also affects the cost of construction.
- Service complexity. The sewer well works on the principle of a natural septic tank. Sewage, getting into the pit, are divided into liquid and solid residue. The liquid goes into the soil, where it is further cleaned. Accumulated solids must be removed. The frequency of wastewater treatment depends on the volume of the pit, every 6-8 months.
- Terms of operation. The sewer pit will last 30-40 years.
- Efficiency. The sewage pit has only one function: to store the solid fractions of sewage. In areas where the depth of groundwater is insignificant or reservoirs are located nearby, the use of open-type wells (with the possibility of discharging liquid parts of wastewater into the ground) is prohibited. There are requirements related to the remoteness of the sewer pit from residential premises and land used for planting plants.
Choosing an open-type sewer pit for a country house is far from the best solution, due to the need to regularly call a sewage truck, competent calculations at the planning stage and certain design difficulties. Current restrictions may prohibit the use of this type of sewage facility.
Installing the finished storage tank in the ground
Sewerage for a country house can be made from a finished tank installed in the ground next to the house. This solution is especially popular with owners of summer cottages, as well as owners of houses in whose area the installation of open-type treatment facilities is prohibited. Design features are:
Advice! A ready-made storage tank should be chosen for a country house located in an area where it is forbidden to drain household waste into the ground.
Installation of a septic tank
When deciding which sewage system is better, one should not lose sight of modern solutions to the issue. The consumer is offered ready-made treatment facilities, completely autonomous stations - septic tanks. Passing through several filtration cycles, the effluents are completely cleaned of contaminants and decompose into technical water and biologically active sludge.
Septic tanks are universal and suitable for any buildings. Dacha, residential building, cottage - regardless of the purpose and number of residents, they can be connected to treatment facilities. The features of septic tanks are:
- Cost price. The consumer is offered budget and expensive septic tanks. It is better to choose volatile stations with complete wastewater treatment. At the price of a septic tank, it will cost more than making a pit on your own or purchasing a ready-made storage tank.
- Service complexity. Specially trained personnel will be required for installation and repair work. You can service the station and fix minor breakdowns yourself.
- Lifetime. Subject to the manufacturer's recommendations, the septic tank will last at least 25-30 years.
- Efficiency. It is this factor that is often decisive as to which sewer to choose. Septic tanks are superior to any other type of sewer in terms of efficiency. There is no unpleasant smell at all. The industrial water obtained in the process of wastewater treatment is used for watering the territory, washing the car and paths. Silt, good mineral fertilizer.
Septic tanks require initial material investments, but in the future they fully pay off due to the simplicity and efficiency of work and full compliance with sanitary standards.
What to choose a sewer made by yourself or a septic tank?
Despite the apparent obviousness of the decision, choosing between a self-made sewer pit, a storage tank and a septic tank is quite difficult. You will need to take into account the material side, maintenance costs and other factors. Practice shows that the comfort of operation and living in a building largely depends on how to choose a sewer.
The septic tank is easy to maintain and fully complies with sanitary and hygienic standards. It can be installed in areas with a small occurrence of groundwater, near water bodies, in areas of resort and protected areas. Material costs are fully justified and will pay off over time. Ready-made treatment facilities are optimally suited for domestic and industrial facilities, for various purposes.
A universal system for collecting and treating wastewater has not yet been invented, so it is impossible to unambiguously answer the question of which sewage system is best for a country house. The choice of the best option will depend on the budget, the frequency of use of the house, the number of people living in it, the number of bathrooms, the characteristics of the land, etc. Ideally, you need to decide on the type of sewer at the stage, but you can do it later.
There are at least three types of local sewer systems: a cesspool, a septic tank, and a biological treatment plant. They differ in methods of work, energy consumption, cost, complexity of installation and maintenance. Consider the advantages and disadvantages of each option.
Cesspool
This is the simplest and most budgetary type of sewerage. Firstly, it does not consume electricity, and secondly, it does not require the purchase of expensive components. The cesspool is a well made of reinforced concrete rings, the bottom of which is filled with concrete. From above, it closes with a hatch that does not allow an unpleasant odor to seep out. Special bioactivators, which are poured inside, also help to prevent its appearance in order to speed up the process of decomposition of sewage.
Domestic sewage enters the pit through a pipe laid in the ground, gradually fills it, and then is pumped out with the help of a sewage machine and taken out of the site. Cleaning services are not cheap: 800-1000 rubles per cubic meter. Provided that you have to empty the pit about once every 2-3 months, saving on installing more modern sewer systems will quickly backfire.
IZBURG:
“A cesspool is a suitable option for a small country house, which is used for seasonal living or for relaxing on the weekends. Otherwise, the cost of maintaining such a sewer will be unreasonably high.
During the construction of a cesspool, close attention should be paid to its waterproofing and sealing of the joints of the rings using special sealants. Otherwise, the seams may leak and sewage will fall into the soil. As a result, cultivated plants planted on the site will suffer, and the quality of drinking water in a well or well will drop sharply.
According to SanPiN 42-128-4690-88, a safe distance must be maintained from the cesspool to other objects. Namely: at least 15 meters to a residential building, at least 1 meter to a fence, at least 20-50 meters to a well or well, depending on the type of soil. The distance to landings should not be less than 3 meters. Compliance with these rules is the guarantee of the health of homeowners.
septic tank
A septic tank, compared to a cesspool, is a much more modern and environmentally friendly way to dispose of waste. It provides for the possibility not only to accumulate wastewater, but also to purify them by 70%.
A septic tank is a plastic container buried in the ground, divided into one, two or three chambers. The three-chamber design is the most effective and is considered classic. Her work is based on the principle of communicating vessels. Wastewater first enters the first compartment, settles and flows through the hole into the second, and then into the third. By this time, most of the heavy sewage has already settled at the bottom of the tank. Most, but not all!
Vladimir Pavlyunin, head of the engineering department of the companyIZBURG:
“The main disadvantage of such a system is that the water passed through it still needs additional purification in the ground. Therefore, the owner of the house is required to create a scattering field on the site. This is a trench with irrigation pipes that connect to a septic tank and are laid on a cushion of rubble. Passing through it, the waste water is filtered and enters the soil already, being free from harmful substances. Once every 15 years, the dispersion field needs to be rebuilt: crushed stone and pipes should be changed.”
The dimensions of the scattering field are on average 3x5 meters. That is, it significantly reduces the area of land that could be used for planting. In addition, it is not recommended to plant cultivated plants closer than 3 meters from the treatment plant. Thus, a septic tank is not the best option for gardeners who own a small plot.
It is worth mentioning that this type of sewer system is picky about the level of groundwater.
Semyon Golaev, chief engineer of the department
“Due to the need to create a dispersion field, the height of groundwater in the area should not exceed 1.2 meters, otherwise the runoff after treatment will not be able to soak into the soil. This nuance severely limits the possibility of installing septic tanks in the Leningrad Region.”
But such a design does not need electricity, which makes it a suitable option for areas where there are power outages. Other advantages of a septic tank include a long (about 60 years) service life and long intervals between cleanings. You will have to call vacuum trucks 1-2 times a year.
Biological treatment station
The use of such systems is the most modern and effective way to treat wastewater. Modern installations are capable of destroying 90% -95% of sewage. The principle of operation of such a sewage system is based on the continuous production of bacteria that oxidize organic substances in wastewater, turning them into process water and sludge.
Vladimir Pavlyunin, head of the engineering department of the companyIZBURG:
“The outlet water is odorless and absolutely safe. It can be safely dumped into the soil, water bodies or collected in a special container, and then used to water plants and wash a car.”
When choosing a plant model, a number of parameters must be taken into account. The main one is the volume of a one-time salvo discharge, that is, the peak load on the treatment system. This indicator depends on how many people live in the house and how many plumbing fixtures can be used at the same time. It is equally important to take into account the daily performance or throughput of the system, measured in cubic meters or liters. This figure should not be less than the volume of wastewater discharged in 24 hours. A preliminary calculation will allow you to select a station with the required number of chambers, and thereby eliminate the risk of overloading the treatment system.
Unlike a cesspool and a septic tank, a biological treatment plant is volatile. Electricity is required to run the compressor. True, the consumption is not high - only 150-200 watts. In addition, if the house is not used for a long time (for example, in winter), then the system can be mothballed and thereby suspend energy consumption.
Vladimir Pavlyunin, head of the engineering department of the companyIZBURG:
“A biological treatment plant costs an average of 70-80 thousand rubles, and a septic tank costs 30-40 thousand. However, the first option will ultimately prove to be more profitable, since much less earthwork is required to install the station. In addition, she is not whimsical in service. A homeowner, for example, does not need to call vacuum trucks several times a year, because cleaning the station can be done on their own. The sludge remaining in the process of processing accumulates in a special compartment, which is manually removed every 5 years, cleaned, and then installed back.
A biological treatment plant is an ideal solution for owners of small plots of land, since the installation of such a system requires less space than a septic tank. At least due to the absence of a scattering field. Given the high environmental friendliness of the system, the homeowner does not need to maintain a safe distance to plantings and a source of drinking water, as is the case with a cesspool and septic tank.
There are many models of biological treatment plants on the engineering market for a country house. Including, domestic production, which for the most part is no worse than foreign counterparts.
Employees of a specialized store will help you make the necessary calculations and choose the best option for a treatment plant for your home. Also, this function is often taken on by organizations involved in. For example, IZBURG has a specially created engineering department. Its specialists are engaged in the selection of optimal sewer systems, their installation and subsequent launch.
If city sewer communications lie nearby, then the simplest and most correct solution would be to connect there. This will allow you to manage your financial resources more economically without spending money on purchase and installation, operate the sewer for an unlimited time, and not bother with constant monitoring of the level of effluents. Yes, and in order to avoid unnecessary running around to allow connection, it is allowed to contact specialized companies that provide such services.
But there are cases when the house is far away and excludes connection to general communications, but you want comfort. How to be in such cases? Here you will have to use septic tanks. But what they are, we will consider below.
Storage septic tanks
One of the easiest and most affordable options for seasonal operation. It is carried out in the form of a sealed container buried in the ground, which excludes the ingress of runoff into groundwater or nearby water bodies. They are easy to transport due to their low weight and easy to install.
The disadvantage of such sewers is their rapid filling, which will entail more frequent calls to the fecal machine.
Such a sewerage system in a country house is usually made of metal or plastic, they are also found in fiberglass and contain from one to one hundred thousand liters. Provided by the following brands.
Bars-n
The Aquahold company produces septic tank data in which the letter “H” is followed by a number indicating its capacity of 2, 3 or 4 thousand liters. The walls of the container are of sufficient thickness so as not to be afraid for the possible deformation of the product by the soil.
Flotenk
The capacity of this sewage system varies from 2 to 150 thousand liters. A nice addition to the structure is the ability to install a sewage filling controller inside the station, notifying the owner with sound and light of the need to empty the tank from wastewater.
| Model | Number of users | Dimensions (LxW), mm | Weight, kg | Productivity, l/day | Link to reviews |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| STA-1.5 | 3 | 1000x2100 | 89 | 750 | |
| STA-2 | 4 | 1000x2700 | 100 | 1000 | |
| STA-3 | 6 | 1200x2900 | 149 | 1500 | |
| STA-4 | 7 | 1200x3800 | 183 | 2000 | |
| STA-5 | 9 | 1600x2700 | 266 | 2500 |
helyx
Helix is represented by many different options in volume (the number in the title shows the capacity of this sewer). It can also be supplemented with a warning system for filling the tank with wastewater, with the function of regulating the warning time, which is installed during the installation of the entire structure.
Alta
This type of sewage is represented by a ruler with numbers from one to ten, indicating its capacity in cubic meters. The diameter of this septic tank, which varies from 1.3 to 1.5 meters, also depends on this volume. The main feature of the septic tank is the reinforced design of the tank due to stiffeners. It is also possible to install additional functions, such as auxiliary pipes, heaters, necks of various diameters, stairs.
Alta tank capacity
Onix
This sewage system was produced by the Oniks company of the same name, and is produced in the form of tanks of various volumes from 6 to 100 cubic meters for use in industry or at home. Made in a vertical or recumbent location of the tank, surface or underground location, using various additives to increase the level of waterproofing, as well as seismic resistance.
Non-volatile septic tanks
This type of sewer stations can be attributed to both the construction of concrete rings, and some industrial products of some brands.
Septic tank made of concrete rings
In comparison with Eurocubes of various types and dubious reliability, or tire sewers, a very inexpensive and reliable septic tank, suitable for seasonal use in a country house. The cost of installing such a station costs from 15 to 25 thousand rubles, which is a big plus in relation to other non-volatile stations. Also, the advantages include the availability of materials used in the manufacture of the station, the possibility of its independent arrangement and ease of maintenance.
Septic tank made of concrete rings
The disadvantages include the low level of wastewater treatment, which will not allow their discharge into open reservoirs. And in the absence of experience in the installation of such structures, the risk of defects leading to soil contamination with effluents increases.
Station "Tank"
This sewage system will be the right choice if you want to get a high-quality device for a relatively low price. But, if on the site where your country house stands, groundwater flows shallowly, then you will also have to spend money on a drainage compressor and its installation. In this case, the total cost will reach the price of the Topas station.
Cleaning station "Tank"
The advantages of "Tank" include:
- independence from electricity, thanks to mechanical and biological wastewater treatment;
- strong monolithic plastic case 1 cm thick, reinforced with 1.7 cm stiffening ribs;
- budgeting;
- a large selection of modifications due to the ability to vary the amount of sewerage by the number of modules.
The disadvantages of "Tank" include:
- the impossibility of 100% wastewater treatment, which does not allow discharge into storm ditches, and in the case of a shallow groundwater level, the purchase of additional treatment equipment will also be required;
- in case of installation errors or a long empty state, the station can be squeezed out to the surface by soils or groundwater.
| Model | Number of users | Dimensions (LxWxH), mm | Volume, l | Productivity, l/day | Link to reviews |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1-3 | 1200x1000x1700 | 1200 | 600 | |
| 2 | 3-4 | 1800x1200x1700 | 2000 | 800 | |
| 2.5 | 4-5 | 2030x1200x1850 | 2500 | 1000 | |
| 3 | 5-6 | 2200x1200x2000 | 3000 | 1200 | |
| 4 | 7-9 | 3600x1000x1700 | 3600 | 1800 |
Volatile septic tanks
The level of purification of such sewers reaches almost 100%, allowing the discharge of treated effluents onto the terrain or into a reservoir without fear of sanctions from environmental services. All-weather use of such sewerage is allowed with permanent residence in a country house.
Topas Station
It combines cleaning by microorganisms with the artificial supply of small air bubbles, which leads to better processing of waste in waste water, by absorbing organic residues by bacteria. It has been produced since 2001 and has a wide product line with modifications from four to ten or more people. Also, these stations may differ in the depth of the inlet sewer, the number of compressors (1 or 2), and the configuration of the drainage pump. In addition to septic tanks for a country house, models for small villages are also produced.
Treatment plant "Topas"
The advantages of "Topas" are: numerous model range, body resistance to mechanical stress, ease of maintenance, silent operation. High degree of wastewater treatment, allowing water to be discharged into reservoirs or into a gutter.
The disadvantages can be considered a constant energy consumption of up to one and a half kilowatts per day, depending on the amount of wastewater and modification. You will also have to limit the flow of certain substances. The main disadvantage may be its price, in comparison with other similar stations.
| Model | Number of users | Dimensions (LxWxH), mm | Consumed electric energy | Productivity, l/day | Link to reviews |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | 4 | 950x970x2500 | 1.5 kW*day | 800 | |
| 5 | 5 | 1150x1170x2500 | 1.5 kW*day | 1000 | |
| 6 | 6 | 1150x1170x2550 | 1.5 kW*day | 1150 | |
| 8 | 8 | 1630x1170x2500 | 1.5 kW*day | 1500 | |
| 9 | 9 | 1630x1170x2550 | 1.5 kW*day | 1700 |
Septic tank "Unilos"
This device is available in two types: "Astra" and "Cyclone". Astra has a special module responsible for the order of its work. Also, this septic tank is equipped with a drain level sensor, or a pressure sensor that switches the phases of operation. "Cyclone" is also performed in two versions: with a control mechanism inside the septic tank, with a remote control mechanism in a warm building. There are also options with the name "Unilos mega", for small villages that process up to thirty cubic meters per day, but they are not very common.
Positive aspects of "Unilos":
- high-quality wastewater treatment, allowing discharge to open places;
- high resistance to mechanical stress;
- the possibility of all-weather use, without damage to bacteria;
- the use of a septic tank in the cold season does not provide for additional heating or insulation.
Negative sides:
- dependence on electricity, commensurate with a conventional 60 W light bulb;
- the need to remove sludge from time to time;
- a few, in comparison with the "Topas", the number of modifications;
- the cost of sewerage.
The absence of a central sewage system is not a reason to give up and silently dig a cesspool. Progress is moving forward in all areas of life, and there are options for private homes to get civilized amenities. So,sewerage for a country house: what to choose?
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What is sewerage for a country house
Sewerage system for a country househas a significant difference from the city. If, when connected to a centralized system, all drains are discharged into the main channel, then for country houses it is required to equip an independent complex that provides storage and disposal of waste and effluents. Autonomous seweragegives a complete replacement for centralized lines, but requires some care and maintenance.
The traditional and ridiculed "outhouse" in our time is simply indecent, and the abundance of household appliances, showers or bathrooms require a sufficiently voluminouswastewater treatment systems for a private house.
Such systems have long been developed and can be equipped in the home with more or less cost to purchase the necessary materials or pay for labor. Most operations can be performed independently, which is also an important argument in favor of an autonomous system.
Important!Do-it-yourself equipmentautonomous sewerage for a summer residenceor a country house must be carried out taking into account the requirements of the current legislation and sanitary standards, otherwise you can fall under administrative prosecution. Before starting work, you should find out in detail the essence of sanitary requirements and ensure their fullest possible observance. Self-made sewage can be allowed only if the volume of daily effluents is not more than 1 m3 per day.
Sewer types
The principle of operation of an autonomous sewage system of a private house, selected for use in specific conditions, may be different, but each type of construction is characterized by the presence of a capacity for accumulating wastewater.
All waste goes there, the further fate of which can be decided in several ways. What's happenedsewerage for a private house, how toequip and operate it?
Consider constructive solutions.
This is the easiest option. Drains enter the tank, which, as it fills, is cleaned by a pumping machine. Usually this operation is done annually, sometimes twice a year, but in general the frequency of cleaning depends on the number of residents of the house, the volume of the cesspool and the amount of waste. The main sign of the presence of a cesspool nearby is a smell that cannot be eliminated, and you just have to put up with its presence.
Septic tank with filtration well
The design of the simplest septic tank istank (sump) where the sedimentation of effluents takes place. The solid fraction settles at the bottom of the septic tank. As it fills, excess water is discharged into a filtration well.
It is a depression in the ground filled with filtration ballast - gravel or crushed stone. The water clarified in the septic tank enters the filtration well, passes through a layer of gravel and is absorbed into the soil - the so-called soil post-treatment takes place.
The service life of such a system is much longer, pumping out or is performed much less frequently. In addition, there is no unpleasant smell characteristic of a cesspool.
Septic tank with filtration field
A filtration field is a system of pipes through which settled water from a septic tank enters the soil through a layer of gravel . Pipes connected to the outlet of the septic tank are laid in trenches covered with gravel. The pipes have longitudinal perforation - a series of holes for the exit of water, which is evenly distributed over the area of the field. Passing through a layer of gravel, the water is gradually absorbed into the soil, where it is finally filtered. Pipes are covered with a layer of soil to a depth of about 1 m to prevent freezing in winter.
An infiltrator is a container without a bottom, where clarified water from a septic tank enters. The infiltrator is installed on a layer of geotextile and gravel (about 40 cm), through which water is passed for additional purification. The top cover of the infiltrator is necessary to prevent water from entering the upper layers of the soil. We allow discharge only to the lower ones - to a layer of gravel.
The device is very simple, but productive -one infiltrator is equivalent in efficiency to 36 meters of a drainage pipe.
The device of a septic tank with an infiltrator.
Accumulative sewerage
This option is much simpler than the previous ones, but it is much more environmentally friendly and does not saturate the soil with wastewater. A sealed container with two outlets is installed in the pit on a dense (ideally concrete) base, one of which receives waste material. The other is vertical with a sealed lid. Used for cleaning with a sewage machine.
It is necessary to clean the drive quite often (at least more often than when using a septic tank), but nothere is no contact between wastewater and soil. A bad smell does not haunt either one's own family or neighbors.
Attention!The use of soil aftertreatment is possible only on sandy, sandy loamy soils or, with some restrictions, on light loams. More dense soils, little permeable to water, do not allow this method, causing swamping of the site. For dense soils, either storage tanks or cesspools are required.
Biotreatment systems
Bio-cleaning of sewerage in a private houseis a waste processing process with the help of aerobic bacteria, the colonies of which decompose the solid fraction into components:
- nitrogen;
- CO2
- water;
Cleaning the tank from sludge, which periodically has to be done, is the only operation performed with the participation of a person, all other processes proceed independently. Consider the design options for such systems.
The design of a septic tank with a biofilter consists of the following elements:
- the primary vessel in which the solid fraction settles;
- an intermediate chamber where partially clarified effluents are discharged;
- biofilter - a container filled with expanded clay, granules, etc.
The biofilter performs two functions- mechanical treatment of wastewater by filtration through the backfill material and biological treatment using anaerobes.
The amount of sludge gradually accumulates and over time begins to slow down the operation of the system, which is a signal - it's time to flush and clean.
There are those that are introduced into the system and increase the effective service life of the complex.
Deep biological treatment station
Such a station is a multi-stage complex for high-quality wastewater treatment. The principle of the system:
- Effluent enters the receiving tank, where solid or insoluble elements are deposited.
- From the receiver, wastewater goes to the bioreactor, where organic matter is decomposed with the help of bacteria.
- Then the wastewater passes into the aeration tank, a device that performs aeration - the process of mixing wastewater with activated sludge that absorbs pollutants. For this, forced air supply is carried out.
- Then the effluents are transferred to the secondary settling chamber, where activated sludge is deposited.
- Additional cleaning in the aerotank of the 2nd stage follows. There is a disposal of residues of pollution, neutralization of phosphates.
- After that, the clarified water passes into the settling tank for sedimentation and removal of activated sludge. Then the water is discharged into the filtration well.
The system is quite complex, in addition, it requires the presence of electricity to power the aerators.At the same time, such systems are easy to maintain and very effective - the productivity is up to 20 m3 per day, which is quite enough for a small hotel, not only for a private house.
Attention!The device of the deep biological treatment station is constantly being improved and can be slightly changed depending on the manufacturer and design, which does not affect the general principle of operation of the complex.
How to choose the right type of sewer
To judge aboutwhat sewer is better for a country house, it is possible only having specific data on all aspects of the functioning of the system.
Choosing a design based on your own ideas or preferences is the wrong approach. You can get a non-working complex that is not able to cope with the volume of effluents or does not function due to a mismatch in external conditions.
The other extreme is the excessive cost of acquiring and installing an expensive and powerful system, which is too large for the given conditions.
How to choose a septic tank for a private houseWhat size or design? Or should we pay attention to more complex and productive complexes? Consider the parameters that must be taken into account when choosinglocal sewerage for a country house.
Purpose of housing
The purpose of housing affects the choice of sewerage system in the most direct way.
If there is a country house in which people appear only periodically during the warm season and there is no permanent residence, then the installation of a productive complex complex is not advisable. Such houses require the most simple and inexpensive system that requires minimal human intervention and does not require maintenance.
A country house in which a family of several people permanently resides requires a system of a certain capacity that can provide for the needs of several people, taking into account hygiene procedures, laundry, cooking, washing dishes, etc. In this case, you will need a complex with large volumes and, possibly, a more complex design.
The purpose of housing is the very first factor that determines the parameters of the sewer system.
Plot size and number of people living
The size of the land plot determines the possibility of equipping the filtration field. Its area is relatively large, which may not be possible for a small piece of land.
With a lack of space, it will be necessary to change the design of the system, refusing to use elements that require large areas for placement.
In addition, the composition of the soil is an important factor. If the site is located on sandy or sandy loamy soils, then the absorbency of the soil allows the use of soil post-treatment of wastewater quite effectively. But such a process is impossible on clays, and the installation of systems designed for this method of waste disposal will not give a positive result.
The number of people living in the house also directly affects the amount of drains.
Daily discharge volume
The capacity of the sewerage system depends on the volume of discharges. According to SNiP, the daily volume of wastewater per person is assumed to be 200 liters. Thus, the calculation of the daily volume of discharges into the system should be based on the number of people living in the house. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account peak loads - receiving guests, festive and other events, etc.
In addition, as the amount of silt deposits increases, the performance of the complex decreases, so it is necessary to have some power reserve.
The calculation of the discharge volume is influenced by the number of plumbing fixtures in the house (toilets, bidets, showers, bathtubs, sinks, etc.), the volume of individual consumption (one toilet flush has a certain value). These data add up to the actual daily volume, which may not coincide with the calculated one. The higher value is always assumed and should be increased by 20-25% to provide headroom for peak system loads.
The final criterion for choosing a system is the financial capabilities of the homeowner.
Treatment facilities for a private house- far from a cheap pleasure, the purchase and installation of the complex will cost a tidy sum.
The more productive and powerful the system, the greater the cost of its purchase and installation, and, far from being a free event.
That's why wondering what kindlocal sewerage for a country house would be the most successful, it is necessary first of all to clarify its price, so that the desires are fully linked to the possibilities.
Turnkey plumbing installation cost
Calculations of what it will costmake sewerage in a private house, pricewhich consists of several factors, must take into account all the necessary operations and stages. So, the estimate includes:
- the cost of the system itself;
- the cost of transporting equipment to the site;
- the cost of earthworks;
- price cleaning station installation.
The sum of these costs determines the cost of the system, excluding periodic maintenance, since it is not included in the one-time costs.
Prices for septic tanks range from 20,000 to 100,000 rubles. and above, depending on the volume, number of chambers, etc. Full sets are more expensive -
From 40,000 rubles (Biotank system) to 213,000 rubles (Topaero system).
The cost of installation and excavation varies significantly by region.It depends on the location of the site, the availability of electricity, the composition of the soil and other working conditions that affect prices. Full information should be obtained through direct contact with representatives of contractors.
It is noteworthy that in the regions the supply of equipmenttreatment plant for a private houseprovides for the installation of concrete septic tanks (rings), apparently for reasons of economy.
Installation along with the material is approximately in the same range - from 20,000 to 100,000 rubles, but the system is the simplest - in fact, ordinary cesspools are offered.
Attention!To determine the cost of installing a sewer system, it is best to use online calculators that are available on the websites of manufacturers or companies involved in the installation of turnkey cleaning systems. There you can get detailed information about the cost, volume and other parameters of the system, determine the terms and conditions of the order.
Treatment plant for a private houseis a modern, autonomous and convenient solution to the problem of waste disposal. The complex does not pollute the soil, does not disturb the residents of the house or neighbors with the presence of bad smells and provides modern civilized amenities indistinguishable from the city. Among alltypes of sewerage for a country houseit is worth giving preference to this option.
