How to tell the child about the cruel world of the Old Testament, so as not to injure his children's psyche? How to explain that God is not cruel, and the merciful? Is it worth scaring children by eternal hellish torments for disobedience?
Old Testament
From the very beginning we introduce children with a loving God, we are talking about the fact that God as a sunshine, illuminates everything around with her love. And suddenly, the pages of the Old Testament appear before the children, with the Egyptian executions, the punishment of the Jews, the World Floral. The history of the Old Testament is full of bloodshed. Old man in itself is cruel and very sin, for which God actually punishes him. However, God himself in the Old Testament may seem like a punior who extermines whole peoples and destroying cities. In fact, it is not. The seeming cruelty of the Lord is this cruelty of a loving father. What do father and mother do when they see that their son is associated with a bad company and can become a criminal? The first measure is to stop any communication. So God, for a long time tolerance of his beloved child, waiting for repentance, forgives many times, and only then punishes. And not just in pedagogical purposes, but to grow a new generation, ready to accept Jesus Christ in the future and go to the New Testament with him.
According to Hieromonach Adriana (Pashin):
"But in order to be rough, cruel, as it is called the Bible, the Jewish people, listened to God, he must be completely separated from all other peoples mired in paganism."
Therefore, first of all, it is worth explaining to children, for which God itself is angry, and that his karas are a fair measure for the actions of Old Testament people.
The justice of God is expressed in the fact that he generously awards for the righteousness and severely punishable for sins. Yahweh - God's human-loving and merciful, long-suffering and multi-facing and true, preserving the truth and, which is grace in thousands of childbirth, goodbye guilt and crime and sin, but not leaving without punishment, punishing the guilt of fathers in children and children of children to the third and fourth sort () .
According to the thoughts of the Orthodox theologian V. Lossky, "The history of mankind after the fall is the story of a long shipwreck with the expectation of salvation ... The fallen person is in a state of painful passivity, at first it is nothing delicable tusk, and then - an increasingly conscious waiting for salvation." Old Testament is, according to the word Fathers, detector, i.e., the teacher of the human race, who wisely prepared him to compete into the world of Jesus Christ and accepting him as the Savior of the world.
Children's caprises lead to hell?
Archpriest Andrei Lorgus, practitioner psychologist, Rector of the Institute of Christian Psychology (Moscow) :
"Barely believing parents scare young children demons, weakly, hellish torments, being confident that this is Christian education. It concerns this and some teachers of Sunday schools, and alas, even some priests. In my opinion, it is more than a mistake is a crime.
In general, everything is your time. Talk about demons, about hell with preschoolers (and sometimes with younger schoolchildren) I categorically do not advise. Talking them about the Christian faith, you need to talk about Christ, about love and joy, about victory - over sin, over death. This, by the way, concerns the children's prayers. The task of the parent and teacher is to create special conditions for children's prayer practice. It is necessary to exclude prayers from it, where hellish flour, demons and the like are mentioned.
And if children appear in children (which is quite likely, it is impossible to create a completely sterile environment for them, anyway somewhere heard someone), then you need to answer. First of all, they need to say that Christ is always near that he will always protect from any evil if he is asked about it. The focus must be made not on the existence of demons and hell, but on the fact that the Christian has powerful protection. And in no way scare! ". And further: "But if adults act wrong, if they scare children, then those as a result can be formed a sense of guilt towards parents, grandparents, teachers, and they are not able to cope with this feeling of guilt, it presses them, It gives rise to increased anxiety, and increased anxiety creates a negative emotional background.
It is very difficult to worry about a long time, and the children's psyche begins to defend themselves. Namely: the child deliberately chooses the objects of fears and considers them sources of their anxiety and feelings of guilt. For example, he thinks: if I hurt my mother, then the demons in hell will be crowned with hooks and burn fire. Or: if I deceived someone, then the devil will come to me at night and torture. That is, this is a child's attempt to somehow rationalize his alarming state, somehow explain what happens to him and why. Such is often the mechanism of the birth of children's fears. "
To frighten children with hellish torments for unacceptable toys and demons for bad behavior, of course, it is impossible. Just like smoking that all obedient children will fall into paradise. Speaking about the hell and paradise, it must be said that Paradise is a place for eternal joy with God, angels and saints. And hell is a place without God, from what darkness and melancholy there. This place is not for people, but for fallen angels, demons. And people throughout their lives always make a choice, with whom they are, with God, or with his opponent. So the hell has no power over us, if we do not choose it with their evil affairs. In any case, focusing the attention of children is necessary on the love of God and its limitless mercy towards us.
Archpriest Elijah Zudy, abbot of the temple of John the Theologian in p. Theological bogils:
"In order not to scare the way hell, parents should understand that the child is important since childhood to feel, to know that he is very loved. Relationship with the father of the heavenly growing man really focuses on relationships with earthly parents. It is not by chance that the Lord stands out among the Other Commandments to the commandment of honoring the parents so that she promises prosperity and longevity for it. Because it is impossible to build a relationship with the father of heaven, without building them with the Father Earth. Therefore, when a child grows and punish him, but he knows and sees it with love, if the parents do not live for themselves, and with their example show that such a sacrificial real love is, he grows in joy, peace and peace. And if you tell him that God is love, it will be understandable to him. It is necessary to emphasize that the Lord is the one who is looking for the opportunity to pardon a person, and not looking for a reason to punish it. "
90 percent of all believers represent hell and paradise exactly as Dante described them: completely material. Such ideas often can be found in Orthodox literature designed "for a wide reader." To what extent such representations are permissible?
First of all, it should be said that the gross representations of the medieval Catholic West in no way correspond to the patristic Orthodox legend. The Holy Fathers of the Church, reflecting on the paradise and hell, always founded their reasoning on the immense good of God and never saved in detail (as we find in Dante) neither the torment of Hell, nor the bliss of paradise. Paradise and blood pressure were never rudely material. Not by chance pS Simeon New Theologian He speaks: "Hell and the local flour, everyone represents, but what they are, no one knows no longer knows.". In the same way pS Ephraim Sirina , "The innermost LONO of Paradise is not available to contemplation". Arguing about the secrets of the future century, the Fathers of the Church are taught in accordance with the Gospel that Geenna is not prepared for people, but for fallen and rooted in the evil spirits, but St. John Zlatoust Notes an educational value that he has blood pressure for a person: "We are in such a distinguished position that, do not be a fear of Gehenna, we, perhaps, would not think of doing something good.". Modern Greek theologian metropolitan Ierofee Vlachos In general, it indicates the lack of in the teaching of the fathers the concept of creature ADE - thus, he strongly denies the gross ideas that are full of Franco-Latin tradition. Orthodox fathers mention both delicate, spiritual, "external" agents and hell, but they suggest that the origin of the state is on the "interior", which is waiting for a person in the future. Spiritual paradise and hell is not a reward and punishment by God, but, accordingly, the health and illness of the human soul, especially clearly manifested in other Being. Healthy souls, that is, who worked over the purification of passions, experience the enlightened effect of the divine grace, and the souls are sick, that is, not deigning to raise the work of purification - the effect of relying. On the other hand, we must understand that, in addition to God, no one and nothing can claim perfect inventivity: the angels and the souls, of course, have a qualitatively different nature from the visible world, but they still have enough rude compared to the Absolute Spirit of God. Therefore, their bliss or suffering can not be purely ideal: they are linked to their natural build or non-confinement.
Still, is there any difference between those paradise, where do the righteous, after death, the kingdom of God and the future, eternal life after the universal resurrection?
Obviously, there is a difference, since, on the thought of the holy fathers, and bliss, and the torment will increase after universal ResurrectionWhen the souls of the righteous and sinners will reunite with them restored from dust bodies. According to Scripture, a full-fledged person is God created by the unity of the soul and body, so the separation of them is unnatural: it is one of the "sin (sin faiths" and should be overcome. The holy fathers argued that the connection itself, the occurrence of the soul into the body resurrected by God would be early for aggravated joys or suffering. The soul, connecting with his bodily members, which she once worked for good or evil, will immediately experience special reflection or sorrow and even disgust.
About hell. It is clear why he is called "eternal flour", but there is also such an expression as "eternal death" ... what is it? Neva? In general, if every life from God, then how can there be (even if in eternal flour) those who rejected God?
In fact, in the Holy Scripture there is no expression "Eternal Death", there is a combination "Second Death" (Acts 20 and 21). But constantly refers to the secret "Eternal Life", "Eternal Glory" Saved. The concept of "second" or "eternal" death is explained by the Holy Fathers. So, explaining her secret, sVT. Ignatius Bryanchaninov noted that "The Underworld Affairs represent the strange and terrible destruction of life, while maintaining life". This eternal cessation of personal communication with God will be the main suffering of condemned. SVT. Grigory Palama So explains the connection of external and internal flour: "When leaving all the good hope and with despair in salvation, the involvement of conscience will be immensely increasing proper flour".
Even in the hell it is impossible to talk about the committed absence of God, who fills the entire tweak world, at the same time without mixing with him. "Oxide to hell in hell, you Tamo Esi", - He heads like a mogood David. but pS Maxim confessor Speaks about the difference between the grace of Being and Combustion. It is obvious that in the hell is being preserved, and there can be no advantage. There is a mysterious depletion of all the good, which may be called spiritual death. The very gift of being cannot renounce God created by God, and the presence of the Creator becomes painful for those who renounced Being with him, in him and according to his laws.
Why does Church talk about two courts: a private, which happens with a person immediately after death, and universal, terrible? Isn't it enough enough?
The soul, falling into the afterlife, understands with all the penistence that there can be no harmony between good and evil, between God and Satan. Before the face of the Divine Light, the human soul sees itself and clearly realizes the ratio of light and darkness in itself. This is the beginning of the so-called private court, in which, one can say, a person judges himself and evaluates. And the final, last, terrible court is already connected with the Second Coming of the Savior and the final destinies of peace and man. This court is more mysterious, it takes into account both the petition of the church about his children, especially through a Burn-free liturgical sacrifice, brought in the course of history and the deep omniscience of God about each of his creations and the final definition of any free person in his attitude to God when he appears In the face of all and everyone.
In our life, people who deny someone's love - whether, human whether, - live very well: they, as they say, do not ship themselves with extra problems. Why after death, denying divine love, will they suffer? In other words: if a person himself, in his will, in his taste chose the path of opposing to God, why will he suffer from this?
The suffering of a man, rejected God and Divine Love, rejected Christian self-sacrifice, will be that he will open all the endless beauty of God, who is love. It will open to him and the ugliness of its own egoistic being. To the end, realizing the true state of affairs, the egoist man will inevitably feel the suffering - the freak suffers and the traitor, which turned out to be in the society of noble and beautiful heroes. "The tormented in GEEN is amazed by the scourge of love! And how bitter and hard is the torment of love! " - So the hellish torment of fruitless repentance pS Isaac Sirin. At the same time, it should be emphasized that the proud pride in which the inhabitants of hell will be sacrificed, will not allow them to recognize their inappropriateness and the ugliness of the path chosen by them, despite its absurdity. The goal and the meaning of any path are most obvious at its end, as the quality of the fetus is understandable when it is matured, and since the hell has the end and the result of a goggle choice, then it will become clear both the existential foundations and the bitter consequences of proud and unknown opposition to the Creator .
Arguing humanly, not all people are wonderful good and not all hopelessly evil. The saints and villains are not enough, the main mass is gray: and kind, and evil (and maybe, or rather: Neither kind or evil). It seems that we do not reach paradise, but also hellish torments are in our case too cruel. Why does Church says about any intermediate state?
It is dangerous to dream of receiving in the future life of a muddy, an average town, for whom it is not necessary to strain your will. Man and so too relaxed spiritually. The holy fathers talk about different abode in paradise and hell, but nevertheless clearly indicate a clear section on the court of God, whom not to avoid anyone. Probably, many sins of earthly life of human conditionally can be called "small", justify human weakness. Nevertheless, the mystery of God is that this court will still be, although the only desire of God is the overall salvation. Lord "He wants all people to save and achieve the knowledge of truth" (1Tim.2: 4). Strictly speaking, we must be afraid not so much punishment of an external one, how much punishment of inner, not hell as the final condemnation, but even a small insult of the goodness of God. In the old man Pairia Afonovsky There is a thought that not many will fall into hell, but even if we avoid it, what will be to us to appear in the face of God with a crude conscience? That should be the main concern of a Christian.
In addition, it is important to understand that when joining the spiritual world in the soul of a person there is a lightning struggle between the living in it in the darkness and light. And it is not clear what the result of this fights of incompatible forces that exposed their essence, hidden to the mortal outcome under the "vestty of the flesh". This internal confrontation itself is already painfully for their carrier, and as far as suffocating the victory of internal darkness over the light is generally difficult to speak.
And about "small sin". Can I get to hell for ate the cutlet in the post? For what smoked? For the fact that occasionally allowed himself some not quite decent thoughts (not affairs)? In a word, for not tightened into the string every second of his life, and sometimes allowed himself to "relax a little" - for human standards it is quite forgiven?
The point is not in the apparent cruelty of God, who is allegedly ready to send to Geenna for small human weakness, but in the mysterious accumulation of the power of sin in the shower. After all, the "small" sin, although "small", but is committed, as a rule, repeatedly. Like sand, consisting of small grains, can weigh no less large stone, and a small sin is gaining strength and weight over time and can be a soul of at least "big" sin, committed once. In addition, very often in our life, relaxation "in Malom" imperceptibly brings to great and very serious sins. It is not by chance that the Lord said: "... little in small and largely faithful (LK.16: 10). Excessive tension and pettyness often even harm our spiritual life and bring to God, but the demandingness in relation to themselves, to our spiritual life, in our attitude towards the neighbor and to the very Lord for a Christian natural and mandatory.
Personal fairy tale for school children
Dear Colleagues! I propose to your attention the author's fairy tale from the literary cycle "Personal fairy tales" for children from 9 to 15 years.This methodological development may be helpful to teachers of Sunday schools, teachers of primary schools of general education schools, educators of additional education, parents and creative people.
Lychangin Lyubov Vladimirovna, a Sunday School teacher at the Church of Holy New Martyrs and Confessors of the Russian Alandansky district of the Yakut and Lengskaya Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)
Purpose: Education of the moral qualities of children through a literary word.
Tasks: give children a concept about true values \u200b\u200bin a person's life; Educating moral qualities - compassion, mercy, humans, good nature, respect and love of neighbor.
Tale about Paradise and Hell
You deep into yourself look attentively:And paradise, and hell in everyone inside!
He lived, was one very proud and rich lady.
She had a young adorable girl who had a young adorable girl, the kindest soul, defenseless before the arrogance and rudeness of his elderly hostess. Despite the fact that her life was awesome, the girl was a merry and good-natured in the same way, for which she loved her all in the village, and the fruitful lady hated even more.
One day, an old man was closed to the village. He asked for a rich hostess overnight chairs, some food and water, for which he was indifferent to him: "Go my own way. God will give. "
In response, the old man asked the launch of a strange question, which was a lot of embarrassed it: "Tell me, a kind woman, how do you imagine a paradise?"
I thought-thought the old woman, and I said: "I have a weakness to fried sausages ... Passion as I love them! Every day would have rushed! "- and dreamily handing over his eyes, even began to combine the tongue from lust ...
"I have a favorite book, just read to the end, as I immediately start reading again!"
"And I love very luxury ... I have a curtains from golden brockers and crystal chandeliers ...
Here it is all this with me in paradise turned out to be ... "
Suddenly, the lady stopped, herself was surprised: what was she smaller in front of an unfamiliar man? Suddenly a robber what ...
"Well, they already go, my teeth do not spoke and do not amger me, it's not the dogs on you!" She shouted on a curious stranger.
The wanderer spoke. But he was too weak from hunger and thirst to move on. Only to the oak for the fence I got, and I sat down under him, breathing heavily.
And the young maid is here as here: "Take the father, milk a mug of yes bread paint, the back of the power, and in the evening, as it will be dark, I will dream of you in Seni, there and do you ..."
"You're a soul, thank you for the bread yes for salt, and I will refuse the night, perhaps! We must go the road to continue ...
And tell me, a cute child, what would you like to see in paradise? "
The girl was glad to communicate with such a pleasant man, good, the lady plunged into the afternoon sleep.
She would not have thought that they would answer: "I, Batyushka, would like to be beside God!"
The tricky smile illuminated the wise face of the elder.
Woken a lady early in the morning. The sun dazilly shone into the windows, because in the evening someone from the servants forgot to undermine the brocade golden curtains, from the sunlight, the crystal chandelier sparkled thousands of funny lights, the chandeliers were happily called from a slight blow of the breeze; The aroma of fried sausages, which is coming from the kitchen, pleasantly tickled the nostrils. But Barynie had a bad mood, she always had such a state of soul when nothing is joy.
Wanting to distract the book reading, she read the page on which she was revealed.
As the day flew, the lady did not even notice.
On another morning, she again woke up from bright sunlight, chime chandelier, and smell of fried sausage. When the old woman took the book into his hands, he was surprised to see that she was open on the same page as yesterday, although she just remembered that she had shifted the bookmark to the next page. Because of this strange event, the desire to read in a capricious richness was instantly lost. Her mood has become worse than nowhere ...
On the third day, everything was exactly repeated.
Wanting stroll around the garden, the rich opened the door of her room, and when he came out of her, she was overwhelmed from amazement ... her room was not a room at all, but a huge ship was not the garden, there was no garden, instead - a spacious deck, gently And purely washed, but completely deserted.
When the lady made a walk on the deck, she was convinced that on this luxurious ship she travels in full solitude. From this she became terrible and even scary.
And life on the ship flowed is still monotonous ...
So passed 40 days. It has become completely impossible to endure such existence. Every morning, the lady walked away from her nasty bright sunlight, a rim appeared risks in his eyes from glare, the ringing of the pendants caused the strongest migraine, and the attacks of the strongest nausea began. The once-favorite book, a daily open-handed hand on the same page, caused disgust.
And suddenly, a woman understood that this is the light ... I realized that it was already over the earth's life ... For some reason, she remembered her unfortunate maid, who he kept himself, offended and even beat him, he remembered how she didn't treat her When she was seriously ill, and as not a single tear did not shed, when the young life of her ceremony servant ended.
And late repentance has shredded in the shower at the old woman ...
A sinful woman was already completely exhausted with monotonous, sad and therefore an unhappy life, she wandered sadly along the deck of the ship and suddenly came across the stairs, who had never happened before her.
The old lady rose to the most extreme stage of the stairs and looked upstairs .... But this second deck of the ship turned out to be the most real sky! Dazzling light hit her in the eyes, he was so born that the sinner was barely lost. When the old eyes had a little discouraged with the radiant light, she sawing God with amazement, who recresented the White-Golden throne, and next to him, on his right hand, was sitting her own maid. As unearthly radiance proceeded from both, the air was filled with a wonderful aroma, and beautiful music sounded quietly, and the endless love of this young and clean girl to the creator was clearly felt. And this love was mutual!
"But the same is heaven!" - Realizing suddenly the truth, an old woman exclaimed in despair.
And only here she realized that she herself had all this time in hell.
But nothing is already impossible to change ...
Hell is infinite. Century replaces the eyelids ...
Fear of your desires, man!
Once I witnessed a small mom dialogue and a child of four years:
- Mom, what is hell? - asked the baby his favorite mother about the Word, which he heard, obviously, in conversation of adults.
- Hell is a terrible fire! Allah will send there anyone who does not listen to him, does not fulfill his orders and does not like the Prophet Muhammad, Salillalah Alayhi Va Sallam, - said how to cut her mother in response to his son.
- Mom, and what, Allah is bad? - concluded a child.
Mom of the boy was a little taken away. How could this conclusion be made about the creator of all things? About good, gracious and merciful? Maybe something was said wrong? It is necessary to correct the situation. But how? What to say?
And in the meantime, the boy rushed from the explanation of the mother, something thought about something and turned off in his thoughts somewhere far, not showing interest in the further conversation ...
About knowledge of the desired and timely
Put yourself in place of a four-year-old child, even I somehow rushed from such an explanation, and I became scary and uncomfortable. Do I need to explain the child so much what hell is? And in such an age telling children about the hell, Shaitan, sins? Undoubtedly, we all need to know these concepts and fear the punishment of the Most High Creator. But how and when to introduce these concepts into the mind of the kid?
Having brought up in an Islamic family, the child constantly hears the words "Allah", "Paradise", "hell", etc., and in one day he will definitely ask: "What is it?" The child himself will tell you when he is ready to learn something new. Like this baby who decided to find out what "hell" is. After all, for the child, the whole world is inaccessible mystery. He wants to know everything.
And even about God. If the child had not heard from adults about God, he would instinctively sought his thought center and the concentration of the world. Especially intense this process occurs at the age of 6-7 years, sometimes earlier. It is at this age that the baby is ready to learn very and very much, until it is completely abstract and incomprehensible. It is scientifically proven that it is in the older preschool age a child begins to "torture" parents on the topic of life and death, the sacrament of birth. All this is quite normal and is associated with the intellectual and emotional development of Chad.
Such questions arise in any family: religiously observing or far from the execution of canonical standards. Although, by personal observations, in the first families, such questions arise a little earlier, and parents themselves begin to acquaint their children with the basics of religion.
Any child can not do without religious images, and if an adult does not give him images of religion, the child will create them. The richer religion images, the more accessible and closer to the children's soul, the more deeply impact on her religion.
But! There is a big error of upbringing. It is impossible to intelligentlyize some religious experiences too early, that is, to inform the child ideas to which the children's heart did not grow in their development. He still needs images, but he has not yet grown to ideas.
All the more, it is not necessary to begin to acquaint the child with the Creator with the "negative" religious images and concepts, with what can scare the baby and push it from the Most High. Any child does not like punishments, afraid of them.
Think if the son loves his father who is constantly threatened, hits, humiliates, insults? Yes, he may be obedient, submissive and silent. But does the son like to truly such a parent? Rather, he is afraid of him and in the depths of the soul hates. And from this he is unhappy.
And the other son will grow up and will not be so tolerated - he will find a way to draw up and leave the hated parent nest rather!
It is impossible a child, pure and blazed with superfluous knowledge, attract threats and fears to the beautiful way. This will cause a protest and unwillingness to love and sincerely tremble before the Most High Creator!
Start with love!
So why start? Start with love. Form love in the consciousness of the child to your creator. Tell us about those gifts that he gave us, show his gifts for him, tell me about his forgiveness, infinite forgiveness, even after our breath. Tell us about the paradise. - And only then, only then can be said about the punishment - only after the baby loves his Creator with all my heart and does not want to do so, as he does not like him!
Do not forget about the intonation that you use when communicating with your baby, explaining such complex things as the afterlife, paradise and hell, birth and death. It is her to more and remember the grown children. After all, it is precisely through emotional coloring when applying for information about religion, adults vaccinate their children's emotional perception of an explanable topic. Do not fought unnecessar than God of your children! Do not close the path of interest and cognitive questions, otherwise the child may no longer approach you for clarifications and new knowledge.
About fear. When?
But we still have to fear the anger of the Most High, to be afraid of his punishment; We ask Allah to protect us from hell and give us our grace. That is why it is impossible to speak monotonously and unnecessarily calmly, it is impossible for these topics. If we do that, then the child may begin to treat his religion, as Orientalists belong to Islam: Methodically and dry.
Therefore, probably, detailed stories about hell is better to leave for the period after six to seven years, when there is an intensive intellectualization of all the psychic functions of the child. At seven years, the kid has new topics in communication with adults who are not related to real household events, with the daily life of a child and family. A young man becomes interesting to discuss the topics of the planets, outer space, learn about life in other countries, to affect moral and ethical issues, as well as interested in the origin of life. In the seventh year, the spheres of interest are expanding, he seeks to find his place in the "wide world". Children, on the one hand, often refer to parents for information, make them their experts. On the other hand, they strive for their own analysis of occurrence of phenomena, begin to argue for a long time, and in the presence of an adult, thereby checking the correctness of their reasoning. At this age, the interest of the child to the history of the family, family relations is especially manifested; Children ask questions about distant relatives, childhood parents, grandparents. We consider photos, family relics with interest, that is, they seek to find their place in a wide network of family connections.
If in bright colors to tell about hell, the punishment of the Most High too small and unprepared children, the baby will be filled with fear. After all, it is well known that preschool age is a rapid period of fears of darkness, felt fabulous heroes, fires, war, parents' death, etc.
In this regard, I remember the plot from the movie "The Korolev - Poultry Hanging", when small children from a distant village traditionally played unnatural for children a game of funeral. They were too realistic to perceive their game in which there was a lot of fear and there was no main thing - love to the Almighty, the ability to love life and be grateful to Mankyki's all his gifts!
If your child insists that in his four years you told about what hell is, let's do information dosed, adapt it to a nursery psyche. Tell the child about this available language, according to its level of understanding. And do not forget to start a story with the love of our Lord to his slaves!
Julia Zamaletdinova, cand. psycho. science
gL Editor of the Children's Journal « Firefly and his friends»
