Nutrition after pulmonary tuberculosis. Nutrition for pulmonary tuberculosis - therapeutic diet, allowed and prohibited foods

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by a microbe called Koch's wand that affects the lungs as well as the intestines, bones and joints. The disease is transmitted by airborne droplets and is characterized by the formation of foci of inflammation in the affected tissues. Previously, outbreaks of tuberculosis progressed during the period of wars and repressions, but today more than 10.4 million people in the world from different social strata of the population suffer from this infectious disease. Koch's wand is resistant to many disinfectants, has the ability to survive for a long time in dried sputum, in the soil, on the surface of contaminated objects. In addition to the aerogenic method, it is possible to become infected with tuberculosis through food and by contact with objects on the surface of which there is a Koch wand.

What diet is prescribed for pulmonary tuberculosis?

The main symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis include:

• Weakness;
• Sleep deterioration;
• Decreased appetite;
• Weight loss;
• dizziness;
• increased sweating;
• Enlarged lymph nodes;
• Increased body temperature up to 37 degrees;
• shortness of breath;
• Cough with sputum production;
• Discharge of bloody streaks in sputum when coughing.

Often, pulmonary tuberculosis is discovered quite by accident during an ordinary fluorography. One of the important components of the treatment of tuberculosis is the Table 11 diet, aimed at increasing the patient's weight, reducing the intoxication of the body and increasing the body's resistance to the disease.

A high-calorie diet for TB patients is an integral part of treatment. Proper, balanced nutrition with a diet helps restore damaged body tissues, normalizes metabolism, enriches the body with all the necessary vitamins and minerals. Follow the diet Table 11 is necessary until complete recovery.

The essence of the diet for pulmonary tuberculosis in adults

Diet for tuberculosis Table 11 according to Pevzner is distinguished by a balanced diet. The daily diet of a tuberculosis patient must contain foods containing vitamins C 180 mg (lemons, kiwi, oranges, onions), A 5 mg (carrots, pumpkin, apricots, spinach) and B 4 mg (nuts, legumes, cereals) . With a lack of these vitamins, the patient is additionally prescribed their intake or in the form of injections.

popular:

• ✅ Therapeutic Diet Table number 13 according to Pevzner
• ✅ Diet for cirrhosis of the liver: menus and recipes
• ✅ Diet after a stroke: features, sample menu

Nutrition for pulmonary tuberculosis should be enhanced, but not excessive, especially for overweight people. On average, the daily calorie intake for a diet should be 2800-3500 Kcal. At the same time, the more weight, the caloric content of the diet should be less. Strengthened drinking is not recommended, 1 liter of water without gas per day is enough. With swelling, the amount of salt consumed is reduced to 6 grams per day or completely excluded from the diet. With diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, the amount of salt consumed per day is increased.

A protein diet for tuberculosis is simply necessary for the treatment of an infectious disease. In the patient's body, there is an increased breakdown of proteins than in a healthy person. The diet menu must include foods containing protein: lean meat, poultry, fish, dairy and sour-milk products, eggs. Depending on body weight and age, the recommended daily protein intake for an adult is 100-120 grams per day.

The diet in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis should contain enough fats and carbohydrates. The amount of fat in the diet should not exceed the norm, depending on the sex, age, weight of the person. On average, the average daily intake of fats in the diet is 80-120 grams, while a third of them in the diet should be vegetable oils, and the rest should be easily digestible fats (cream, sour cream, butter).

The amount of carbohydrates in the diet with the diet Table 11, on average, should be 400-500 gr. A large proportion of carbohydrates consumed should come from vegetables and fruits, and easily digestible carbohydrates (cereals, flour and bakery products, sweets) should be less.

Diet Table 11 for intestinal tuberculosis, especially in the acute form, involves the use of food exclusively in boiled and pureed form. The diet for tuberculosis of the joints and bones should contain a high content of calcium salts and vitamins.

Allowed and prohibited products

Diet Table 11 for pulmonary tuberculosis - allowed foods:

• Lean meat (veal, beef, rabbit meat);
• Low-fat poultry (chicken, turkey);
• Eggs (no more than 2 pieces per day);
• Dairy and sour-milk products (cottage cheese, milk, sour cream, kefir);
• Cereals and cereals (buckwheat, oats, rice, millet, semolina);
• Pasta;
• Vegetables;
• legumes;
• Fruits and berries;
• Bread (rye, gray, wheat);
• Sweet buns;
• Shrimp, herring oil;
• Sausage, ham;
• Cheese and cheese butter;
• Vegetable oil;
• Butter;
• Jam, honey;
• Sugar, salt.

Diet Table 11 for pulmonary tuberculosis - prohibited foods:

• Fatty meats (pork, lamb);
• Pork, beef and mutton fat;
• Fat bird (goose, duck);
• Oily fish;
• Fatty and spicy sauces;
• Cakes with a high content of custard and butter cream;
• Alcoholic drinks.

Menu

Therapeutic nutrition for pulmonary tuberculosis does not provide for restrictions on the number of meals. You can eat with the Table 11 diet an unlimited number of times a day, the main thing is to comply with the indicated norm of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in the diet, as well as daily calories, which are calculated individually, depending on gender, age, weight and level of physical activity. In between meals with the diet Table 11, it is recommended to drink clean water without gas, no more than 1 liter per day, as well as freshly squeezed juices, decoctions of herbs and berries.

Diet for pulmonary tuberculosis - an approximate menu for a week (breakfast, lunch, snack, dinner):

Monday:

• Omelet from 2 eggs. Sandwich with butter;
• Borsch. 2 slices of rye bread. Baked chicken fillet. Cabbage salad;
• A glass of kefir;
• Cottage cheese with sour cream. Kiwi.

Tuesday:

• Oatmeal with milk. Bun;
• Chicken soup with pieces of meat. 2 slices of bran bread. Grated carrot salad;
• A glass of milk;
• Mashed potatoes. Veal meatballs. Greek salad".

Wednesday:

• Semolina porridge with berries;
• Beetroot. Steam cutlets from beef. green pea salad;
• A glass of curdled milk;
• Spaghetti with seafood. Caesar salad with chicken.

Thursday:

• Buckwheat porridge with milk. Apple;
• Green soup. Boiled turkey fillet. Cucumber and tomato salad;
• Sandwich with cheese;
• Baked carp. The vinaigrette.

Friday:

• Milk soup with vermicelli. Pear;
• Creamy chicken soup. Spaghetti with cheese. Arugula salad;
• A glass of milk;
• Buckwheat. Steam cutlets from veal. Salad "Brush".

Saturday:

• Rice porridge with milk and raisins;
• Bouillon. Vegetable stew. Baked chicken fillet;
• A glass of kefir. Bun;
• Baked pike perch with potatoes, broccoli and spinach.

Sunday:

• Scrambled 2 eggs. Ham sandwich;
• Soup with meatballs. 2 slices of wheat bread. Baked bell pepper;
• A glass of tomato juice;
• Cheesecakes with raisins and sour cream.

Diet for pulmonary tuberculosis in children

Tuberculosis in children is detected after the Mantoux test, which is done in clinics, kindergartens, and schools. The earlier Koch's wand was detected, the easier it is to treat and prevent the further development of an infectious disease. Diet for tuberculosis in children plays a crucial role in recovery.

Nutrition for tuberculosis in children should be balanced and nutritious. Thin children are shown with a diet of Table 11 to increase the daily ration by 20-25%. With a normal weight, the daily calorie content of the child's diet should not be increased.

The norm of the daily caloric content of the diet in children with tuberculosis:

• 4-6 years = 2000 Kcal;
• 8-12 years = 3000 Kcal;
• 14-17 years = 4000 Kcal.

Diet Table 11 for children provides a varied diet. The menu should include: meat, fish, eggs, dairy and sour-milk products, pasta, bread, fresh vegetables and fruits. Fish oil, including capsules, should be given to a child with tuberculosis every day all year round. Additionally, when dieting, it is recommended that children take vitamin-mineral complexes to replenish vitamins, minerals and trace elements in the body.

Diet for pulmonary tuberculosis in children - an approximate menu for one day (breakfast, lunch, afternoon snack, dinner):

• Semolina. Orange;
• Chicken soup. Mashed potatoes. Chicken meatballs. Grated carrot salad;
• A glass of milk. Cookies;
• Pasta. Fish cutlets. Cabbage salad.

In between meals, you can give children to drink juices (vegetable, fruit), tinctures and decoctions of herbs, berries. Sugar can be added to drinks, but in reasonable quantities. With swelling, it is necessary to reduce the amount of table salt consumed per day and the liquid you drink.

Folk recipes for tuberculosis

In addition to the diet Table 11 in the treatment of tuberculosis, you can additionally take infusions and decoctions, which are widely known in folk medicine. We bring to your attention several folk recipes for tuberculosis, which can be adopted and supplemented with a therapeutic diet Table 11.

Infusion of birch buds

Infusion of birch buds

Ingredients:

• Birch buds 1 tbsp;
• Water 2 cups.

Cooking method:

1. Pour a tablespoon of birch buds with two glasses of water at room temperature.
2. Infuse until the water turns a cognac color.
3. Take 1 tablespoon of infusion before meals 3 times a day until complete recovery.

Knotweed decoction

Knotweed decoction

Ingredients:

• Sporysh 1 tbsp;
• Water 1 glass.

Cooking method:

1. Pour a tablespoon of knotweed with a glass of boiling water.
2. Cook for 10 minutes in a water bath.
3. Infuse for two hours, then strain.
4. Take a decoction of 1 tablespoon 3-4 times a day half an hour before meals.

A decoction of oats in milk

A decoction of oats in milk

Ingredients:

• Oats 1 cup;
• Milk 1-1.5 liters.

Cooking method:

1. Pour the oats into a saucepan, pour milk so that 2 cm remains to the edge.
2. Cover the pan with a lid and send to bake in an oven preheated to 180 degrees.
3. Bake until the oats are fully cooked. If necessary, milk must be added.
4. Strain the decoction. Take a decoction of oats 50 ml three times a day 30 minutes before meals.

Nutrition for tuberculosis is one of the essential elements of the recovery of the body and the way to avoid the development of complications. It is recommended to carry out consultations with the presented disease at the same time with several specialists: a pulmonologist, a nutritionist. This will allow you to achieve 100% control over your health.

Nutrition for tuberculosis associated with the pulmonary system should remain high in calories. However, this does not mean that one should strive for excessively active feeding of a person with an illness.

The opinion that super-fortified nutrition is necessary for a patient with mild to moderate pulmonary tuberculosis is a prejudice. Exclusively within the framework of human exhaustion or during other complicated processes, a diet is required that will exceed the daily calorie intake by 20-25%. In other situations, it is enough to give preference to a full-fledged diet, saturated with various components. The most useful are vitamins C, B and A, mineral complexes.

Overfeeding is unacceptable, because it provokes obesity and aggravation of the gastrointestinal tract, which negatively affects the activity of the body.

Basic goals

Nutrition for pulmonary tuberculosis is the key to the correct cure of the disease. The goals of such anti-tuberculosis nutrition should be considered:

• providing the body with complete and complex nutrition;
• achievement by a person of the optimal weight category;
• increasing the body's resistance to infectious lesions;
• reduction of intoxication concomitant with tuberculosis and other processes associated with a possible damage to the body.

For additional saturation of the body, along with nutrition, saturated vitamin complexes are required, which will slow down the development and increase in the number of mycobacteria. It is also important to consider which products are allowed for consumption in tuberculosis and at what time it is permissible to do this.

Approved Products

The most recommended are those foods that have in their composition a significant ratio of protein and fat. In a person with tuberculosis, proteins begin to break down faster than in a person with normal health. In this regard, an increased ratio of the protein component, which is found in significant proportions in dairy products, eggs, fish, poultry and veal, should be introduced into the diet.

It is important to control the process of consumption and not to use too large portions, because this can affect the formation of an imbalance in the body. Speaking of products that have fats in their composition, it should be noted that they should be slightly higher than normal in the patient's menu. We should not forget that too high a ratio of fats in the menu can provoke a digestive disorder and pathological processes associated with the liver. This can be detrimental to a healthy person, and even more so to someone with tuberculosis.

A sufficient ratio of fats is concentrated in products such as olive oil, fish oil and butter (there are also necessary vitamins here). Pulmonologists point out that it is undesirable to use such types of fat as pork, beef and mutton.

More about products

Speaking of products, it should be noted those items that are saturated with carbohydrate compounds. Carbohydrates are found in cereals, all kinds of flour-type products and sugar.

It is desirable to implement in the menu:

• various cereals - buckwheat, rice and semolina;
• wheat bread;
• not very sweet jam (plum, apricot).

Separately, it should be noted such a category of products necessary for treatment, such as vegetables, fruits and berries. As part of the pathological process, the patient's body needs vitamin C in significant proportions. Presented vitamins are present in exotic fruits: lemons, kiwi, oranges and strawberries.

From the list of vegetables, cabbage, onion and bell pepper are saturated with vitamin C. The latter can be consumed not only fresh, but also as stews, mashed potatoes, and soups. Their significant advantage in tuberculosis is that they are not associated with any contraindications.

Approximate diet for the day

Nutritionists, together with pulmonologists, determine an approximate menu for 24 hours. It includes four meals, which should be at equal time intervals from each other. The best breakfast would be baked or boiled fish with mashed potatoes, all kinds of vegetables, as well as butter, in an amount of not more than 20 grams, and tea.

For lunch, it is recommended to cook borscht with sour cream, baked meat (chicken) with green peas or buckwheat porridge, vegetables. As a drink, juice based on vegetables or fruits is best. Speaking of dinner, it should be noted that the right option would be cottage cheese with low-fat sour cream and fruit-based puree or jam. It is recommended to use butter, in the amount indicated earlier, coffee with cream or tea.

Before going to bed, a diet for tuberculosis involves the use of 200 ml of kefir. In order for the treatment to be complete and vitamins to be properly absorbed, preventive measures should be taken into account.

Preventive actions

The most necessary products of beekeeping in case of a disease associated with pulmonary tuberculosis should be considered not only honey, but also propolis. This list also includes bee bread, drone milk, comb honey and additional components. The presented items are powerful immunostimulants that increase the protective forces of the body.

Noteworthy products are:

• an extract from wax-type moth larvae, which is characterized by an antiseptic effect;
• propolis, which is a natural antibiotic component and creates obstacles for inflammatory processes, as well as removing toxins from the human body;
• perga - it includes a high amount of potassium, due to which the activity of the heart muscle is optimized and the metabolism is stabilized.

Speaking of pollen, it should be noted that it is taken three times a day, 3 grams each - this will increase the efficiency of the recovery cycle.

With tuberculosis of the pulmonary system, it is recommended to use all kinds of decoctions and tinctures based on herbs. They help to improve and accelerate the fight against such phenomena as coughing and hemoptysis. Contraindications for tuberculosis should be discussed in each individual case.

People with tuberculosis need a special diet. It should be complete and high-calorie, however, in this case, it is important to observe moderation, because oversaturation of the body is no less harmful than exhaustion. To develop an individual menu, it is recommended to contact pulmonologists and nutritionists who will help speed up the recovery of the body.

Food occupies one of the main places in the life of every person, because with the right organization of the diet, it is a source of nutrients that provides the human body with an energetic life and strong immunity. With any serious illness, the body requires an increased amount of nutrients to overcome the disease. We will consider how to properly make a diet and organize nutrition for pulmonary tuberculosis so that the body receives the necessary strength to fight the disease.

Tuberculosis is a very dangerous infectious disease that can occur in both acute and chronic forms. In childhood, primary tuberculosis infection usually spreads through the lymphatic system.

And it affects mainly the lymph nodes. In the adult part of the population, the most common form of the disease is pulmonary tuberculosis.

In addition to this organ, infection may be susceptible to:

• leather;
• musculoskeletal system;
• intestines;
• kidneys;
• liver;
• larynx (organ tuberculosis).

Tuberculosis intoxication affects not only the affected organ itself, but also has a detrimental effect on the entire body as a whole. In this case, the action of the digestive system is inhibited, protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism is disturbed. Mineral metabolism is also undergoing changes. In a sick body, there is a significant loss of sodium chloride, calcium and phosphorus. The consumption of vitamins A, C and group B increases significantly, and thus their reserves are depleted.

General principles of diet for illness

Therapeutic nutrition for tuberculosis plays a significant role in the process of recovery of the patient.

Diet therapy must meet the following general requirements:

• promote the development of immunity;
• supply the body with substances that will help fight the harmful effects of the disease, i.e. heal previously developed foci of inflammation;
• normalize the work of the gastrointestinal tract, and hence the metabolic processes;
• normalize the vitamin and mineral balance in the body.

Squirrels

It has long been known about the benefits of the simplest foods. In the absence of pharmacological agents, baked milk with oats was the main supplier of protein to the sick organism.

In the acute development of tuberculosis with pronounced symptoms, such as fever, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, protein intake should not be significant. In chronic tuberculosis, the daily intake of protein should be doubled.

This can be achieved by adding dairy products to the diet - such protein is most effectively absorbed by the body.

The protein that has entered the affected body has the following positive effects:

• affects the scarring of the lesion;
• improves immunity;
• along with protein foods, vitamins, in particular, group B, enter the body.

There are a number of products, in addition to dairy, which contain the largest amount of protein that is useful for a sick body. These include:

• eggs;
• lean fish;
• chicken's meat;
• veal.

Are there any benefits to eating fat?

When compiling a menu for tuberculosis, the main rule is to reduce the amount of fat consumed, since it can adversely affect the digestion process, in which case the liver is first of all subjected to serious overload. The amount of fat in the daily diet should not exceed the norm for a healthy person, that is, 100 g / day.

When choosing fat-containing foods, it is better to give preference to products of dairy origin, since such fat is easily absorbed by the body and does not cause obesity. It can be:

• sour cream;
• cream;
• butter.

However, it is categorically worth abandoning pork or lamb fat. Do not ignore olive or sunflower oil, as well as fish oil, 1/3 of all fats consumed should be of vegetable origin.

Carbohydrates in the diet

Proper nutrition for tuberculosis should contain a sufficient amount of carbohydrates, since the function of the pancreas suffers, and its work should be supported. Daily content - up to 500 g (more - can lead to obesity).

1/5 of the norm of carbohydrates should be consumed in the form of sugar, jam or honey.

Easily digestible carbohydrates contained in bread, flour products, semolina, rice, millet porridge should be in the diet in a smaller amount than those present in vegetables, fruits, potatoes, oatmeal, buckwheat and barley porridge.

Replenishment of vitamins and microelements

How to help a sick body resist infection? One of the necessary steps is to supply the body with vitamins and minerals. This can be done through increased consumption of vegetables and fruits:

If food products fail to fill the need of a sick person for vitamins (it is especially important to monitor the level of vitamins A, C, D and group B), their synthetic analogues should be taken in tablet or injectable form.

With any form of tuberculosis in the decay phase, the daily amount of vitamin C should reach 300-400 mg. It improves tone and supports the immune response of the body, neutralizes toxins, which leads to a speedy recovery.

Vitamin C is indispensable for hemoptysis and bleeding, as it reduces capillary permeability and stops inflammation in tissues.

Salt must be used with caution. If there are such pathological conditions as bone lesions, impaired renal activity, then a special diet is prescribed for tuberculosis in order to avoid swelling, completely eliminating the use of salt. Fluid intake is reduced to 1 l / day.

Diet is an integral part of therapy

All recommendations on nutrition for tuberculosis are taken into account in the diet used in dispensaries. It meets all the standards and recommendations of phthisiatricians. The so-called diet 11 for tuberculosis involves eating the following foods:

Meals should be fractional (up to five times a day). The diet for pulmonary tuberculosis must meet all the requirements of the attending physician. Self-consumption of some products can cause significant harm to health. Contraindications include the exclusion of such batteries as:

• fatty fish;
• lamb, beef and cooking fat;
• sauces: spicy and fatty;
• butter cream on cakes.

The period of exacerbation of the disease

Nutrition for pulmonary tuberculosis during the treatment of the acute stage must meet a number of rules. The body needs to increase the nutritional value of the diet, because in case of a disease, protein compounds are subject to rapid decay and must be constantly replenished.

Nutritional recommendations include the following useful foods for tuberculosis:

• fats: 90-100 g/day, proteins: up to 150 g/day, carbohydrates: up to 500-600 g/day;
• increased intake of vitamin C;
• double the intake of fluids, fresh juices;
• the presence in the diet of fresh fruits and vegetables;

All products should be thoroughly rubbed and taken at short intervals (2-3 hours).

If pulmonary tuberculosis is complicated by pathological conditions associated with the musculoskeletal system and the cardiovascular system, calcium-containing foods should be added to the diet (up to 5 g / day).

Children food

A sick child is always a disaster for both parents and doctors. Therefore, for a speedy recovery in children, it is necessary to adhere to a number of rules:

Folk remedies to help diet

Honey and bee products will have an additional positive impact when added to the menu for tuberculosis.

These products can:

• have an anti-inflammatory effect;
• perform antibacterial functions;
• make up for the lack of potassium.

Koumiss, a drink obtained from mare's milk by fermentation, should also be attributed to products that increase the body's resistance. It contains:

• vitamins C, A, as well as group B;
• lactic acid;
• carbon dioxide;
• milk sugar.

For patients with a severe form of the disease, the average daily dose is up to half a liter of koumiss, for everyone else - up to one and a half liters per day.

There are contraindications for taking this drink. These include:

Grapes are used as an additional source of nutrition. 1 kg of berries contains up to 180 g of glucose. The patient is allowed to use up to 2 kg per day. Contraindications will be:

• violations of the digestive tract;
• overweight;
• diabetes.

Properly selected and balanced nutrition will greatly help in the treatment of such a complex disease as pulmonary tuberculosis.

Diet for tuberculosis

ATTENTION! In each case, be sure to coordinate the specific menu with your doctor!

Recipes for specific dietary tables are given in the "Recipes" section.

The tasks of therapeutic nutrition in tuberculosis: supplying the body with good nutrition in the conditions of protein breakdown, deterioration in the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates; increasing the body's resistance; contributing to the normalization of metabolism; promoting the restoration of tissues affected by tuberculosis infection.

Since the consumption of protein in patients with tuberculosis is increased, the daily diet should contain an increased amount of protein (at least 120 g). Easily digestible protein foods are recommended: milk, fish, eggs, meat. The amount of fat should be within the physiological norm (100-120 g). These should be easily digestible fats rich in vitamin A: butter, sour cream, cream (a third of the fats should be of vegetable origin). The amount of carbohydrates is also within the normal range (450-500 g). Carbohydrate intake is limited (up to 300-400 g) in case of carbohydrate metabolism disorders, body allergization, overweight.

With an exacerbation of tuberculosis, an increased release of mineral salts is observed, therefore, meat, cheese, cottage cheese, eggs, figs, dried apricots, raisins, fish, nuts should be present in the diet.

A hyposodium (salt-free) diet is prescribed for patients with exudative pleurisy, the presence of transudate, with tuberculous meningitis, kidney damage with edema. Such a diet contributes to increased diuresis, resorption of fluid, subsidence of inflammatory processes. Fluid intake is up to 1 l / day.

Since tuberculosis patients develop vitamin deficiency, it is necessary to take ascorbic acid, which increases the bactericidal properties of blood serum, increases the formation of antibodies, and reduces intoxication. Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis need an increased amount of vitamin A (up to 5 mg / day). Such patients are recommended: dairy products, fish oil, egg yolk, carrots, tomatoes, apricots, red peppers.

The calorie content of a patient with tuberculosis should be 2500-3600 kcal. The diet should be varied, taking into account the development of the tuberculosis process and the general condition of the body. With a complication of the disease, it is possible to prescribe a strict diet, but only for a short time. Nutrition should be differentiated.

When prescribing therapeutic nutrition for patients with tuberculosis, diet No. 11 is taken as a basis.

Approximate one-day diet menu No. 11(with reduced reactivity and sluggish course of the disease):

• 1 breakfast: cottage cheese pudding - 130g; buckwheat milk porridge - 220g; tea - 1 glass.
• 2 breakfast: calcined cottage cheese - 100g; dried apricot mousse - 125g.
• Dinner: broth with dumplings - 500g; fried steak with vegetables - 70g; apple compote without sugar - 180g.
• Afternoon snack: soft-boiled egg - 1 pc; rosehip broth - 1 cup.
• Dinner: boiled fish baked with potatoes - 250g; carrot puree - 200g; tea with lemon without sugar - 1 cup.
• For the night: kefir - 1 glass.
• All day: wheat bread - 200g; bran bread - 150g; sugar - 30g.

What can you eat with tuberculosis:

• Bread and flour products: wheat and rye bread, various flour products;
• Soups: any;
• Meat and poultry dishes: beef, veal, chicken, liver, sausage, ham, sausages;
• Fish dishes: herring, salmon, caviar, sea, river fish, seafood, canned fish;
• Egg dishes: omelets, soft-boiled eggs;
• Side dishes and vegetables: in any culinary processing, but partly raw;
• Dairy dishes: milk, curdled milk, kefir, sour cream, cheese, cottage cheese, cottage cheese casserole;
• Snacks: various, vegetable salads;
• Sweets: honey, jam;
• Sauces: meat red, milk bechamel, sour cream;
• Beverages: any;
• Fats: butter and vegetable oil.

What not to eat with tuberculosis:

Too fatty fish and poultry, lamb, beef, cooking oil, spicy and fatty sauces, cakes, pastries with a lot of cream are excluded from the diet for tuberculosis.

Nutrition of tuberculosis patients with a sluggish course of the disease

Patients have a reduced reactivity of the organism, general hypotension, subfebrile temperature. Easily digestible carbohydrates are limited in the diet. Calorie content 2700-3000 kcal: proteins - 140 g; fats - 100 g; carbohydrates - 400 g; ascorbic acid up to 350 mg; vitamin B 1 to 5 g. Culinary food processing is common. Fractional nutrition (5 times a day).

Nutrition of tuberculosis patients with increased nervous excitability

Patients have low body weight, high temperature, without signs of increased tissue decay, during the period of attenuation of the process with tuberculosis of the lungs, bones and joints. Calorie content of the diet 3000-3500 kcal: proteins - 110-120 g; fats - 120 g; carbohydrates 500-550 g; the content of ascorbic acid is up to 300 mg. Culinary processing is normal. Foods rich in calcium are recommended. Fractional nutrition (5 times a day).

Nutrition of patients with tuberculosis during an exacerbation

In patients, there is a pronounced breakdown of tissues, significant inflammatory phenomena, accompanied by high temperature, exhaustion, and high protein breakdown. Calorie content of the diet 3000-3500 kcal: proteins - 120-140 g; fats - 100 g; carbohydrates - 400-500 g. Be sure to consume an excess amount of ascorbic acid. It is desirable to use a large number of different drinks, raw juices, vegetables, fruits rich in mineral salts and vitamins. During an exacerbation of tuberculosis, appetite often decreases, and gastrointestinal disorders occur. All food is prepared in pureed form. Diet - after 2-3 hours.

Sample menu for tuberculosis

Option 1:

• First breakfast: cottage cheese pudding, buckwheat milk porridge, tea;
• Lunch: calcined cottage cheese, fruit mousse;
• Dinner: broth with dumplings, fried steak with vegetables, unsweetened apple compote;
• Afternoon snack: one soft-boiled egg, rosehip broth;
• Dinner: baked potatoes with boiled fish, carrot puree, unsweetened tea with lemon;
• For the night: kefir.

Option 2:

• First breakfast: one soft-boiled egg, cottage cheese, oatmeal milk porridge, tea with lemon;
• Lunch: cheese, tea;
• Dinner: borsch in meat broth with sour cream, fried chicken, boiled rice, apple compote;
• Afternoon snack: crackers, rosehip broth;
• Dinner: meat zrazy, stewed carrots, noodles with cottage cheese;
• For the night: kefir.

Option 3:

• First breakfast: boiled tongue, milk mashed buckwheat porridge, cheese, tea;
• Lunch: cottage cheese, baked apples;
• Dinner: pureed combined vegetable soup (without cabbage) in meat broth, beef stroganoff, mashed potatoes, fruit jelly;
• Afternoon snack: protein steam omelet, rosehip broth;
• Dinner: meatloaf, noodles with cottage cheese;
• For the night: kefir.

Option 4:

• First breakfast: vegetable salad, boiled meat, boiled potatoes, tea;
• Lunch: Dutch cheese, tea;
• Dinner: borscht in meat broth, fried steak, fried zucchini, apple mousse in xylitol;
• Afternoon snack: cottage cheese, rosehip broth;
• Dinner: meat cutlets, mashed potatoes, tea;
• For the night: milk.

Option 5:

• First breakfast: boiled meat baked in white sauce without salt, mashed potatoes and carrots, oatmeal without salt;
• Lunch: carrot puree with apples, tea;
• Dinner: vermicelli milk soup without salt, boiled fish, mashed potatoes (all without salt), fresh fruit compote;
• Afternoon snack: meatballs baked in sour cream without salt, rosehip broth;
• Dinner: scrambled eggs, semi-viscous buckwheat porridge (all without salt), tea with milk.

ATTENTION! The information provided on this site is for reference only. We are not responsible for the possible negative consequences of self-treatment!

In the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, it is important to strengthen the body so that it can more effectively fight the aggressive influence of the infection.

To increase resistance, a special diet is used, which is combined with antibiotics. Consider what constitutes a dietary menu for this pathology.

In what cases is a diet prescribed, table number

Traditionally, for tuberculosis in medical institutions, diet number 11 is prescribed.. It involves an increased amount of protein, salt restriction, mechanical and chemical irritations.

Taking into account the localization and severity of tuberculosis, several variations of diet No. 11 have been developed.

The first option is prescribed with a reduced reactive ability of the body, sluggish course of the disease, general hyposthenia, subfebrile body temperature.

The second option of therapeutic nutrition during treatment is indicated for exacerbation of the process, with significant tissue breakdown, inflammation, accompanied by exhaustion, fever.

Since sharp intoxication is characteristic, a decrease in oxidative processes, an increased amount of vitamin C is introduced. A large amount of liquid is also important.

The third diet option is indicated for exudative phenomena. Food is prepared without salt, the amount of liquid is limited. If concomitant changes in the digestive tract are observed, the diet is adjusted.

Basic principles

The diet is based on the following principles:

• The diet should be varied, correspond to the dynamics of the process and the state of the body as a whole.
• Strict diets that involve a large number of diet restrictions can be prescribed only for a short time - for the duration of an exacerbation of the disease or in case of complications.
• The diet contains a large amount of protein (from 120-140 g), since their consumption in patients is increased. Easily digestible protein foods are selected: lean meat, fish, eggs, milk.
• Fats are also selected easily digestible, rich in vitamin A, about a third of them are vegetable.
• The amount of carbohydrates within the normal range is 450-500 g. In some cases, it may be limited.
• With an exacerbation of the process, additional introduction of products enriched with mineral salts is possible.
• In some cases, table salt is excluded.
• The calorie content of the diet is determined by the course of the disease, the weight of the patient, and comorbidities. During exacerbation, it is 2500-2600 kcal, during half-bed rest - 2700 kcal, when the exacerbation subsides - 3000-3400 kcal. In a chronic course, an increased calorie content is shown - 3600 kcal.
• You need to eat in small portions, 5-6 times a day, every three hours.
• Food can be boiled, steamed, stewed, baked. Frying is not recommended.

Effect on the patient's body

Nutrition for tuberculosis patients should be aimed at solving the following problems:

• Strengthening immunity.
• Saturation of the body with components that neutralize the negative impact of pathogenic organisms, heal foci of inflammation.
• Improving metabolism, the work of the gastrointestinal tract.
• Restoration of vitamin and mineral balance, replenishment of reserves.
• Increasing the body's defense response to resist intoxication.
• Supplying the body with everything necessary in conditions of protein breakdown, disturbed metabolic processes, increased consumption of vitamins and minerals.

Advantages, disadvantages, contraindications

The diet is good because it allows the patient to get a full, varied diet, strengthens the body's defenses, accelerates regenerative processes and recovery.

As such, there are no disadvantages. The same applies to contraindications, but the diet is indicated only with a doctor's prescription. He must also decide on the transition to a less strict diet.

sample menu

Consider an approximate weekly diet for tuberculosis patients.

Monday:

• Breakfast - wheat porridge, low-fat fish, vinaigrette.
• Lunch - a handful of assorted nuts.
• Lunch - borscht with sour cream, chicken.
• Snack - yogurt with berries.
• Dinner - mashed potatoes, boiled egg, vegetable salad.
• At night - a glass of kefir.

Tuesday:

• Breakfast - oatmeal, dried fruits, a slice of rye bread.
• Lunch - fruit.
• Lunch - vegetable soup, fish cutlets, greens.
• Snack - apple pie, tea.
• Dinner - cottage cheese, sour cream, berries.
• At night - a glass of serum.

Wednesday:

• Breakfast - scrambled eggs, hard cheese, a couple of whole grain toasts.
• Lunch is a green smoothie based on yogurt.
• Lunch - pea puree, lean meat, cream.
• Snack - cottage cheese casserole, compote.
• Dinner - buckwheat, seafood, vegetable oil.
• At night - kefir.

Thursday:

• Breakfast - wheat porridge, vegetable sauce.
• Lunch - fruit juice.
• Lunch - pickle soup, goulash, vegetable salad.
• Snack - unsweetened cookies, juice.
• Dinner - tea and pancakes.
• At night - homemade yogurt with honey.

Friday:

• Breakfast - chicken goulash, pasta.
• Lunch - fruit and berry jelly, nuts.
• Lunch - cabbage rolls with sour cream, vegetables.
• Snack - whole grain bread, carrot juice.
• Dinner - boiled fish, vegetable stew.
• At night - serum.

Saturday:

• Breakfast - porridge, steamed chicken cutlets, vegetable gravy.
• Lunch - nuts and dried fruits.
• Lunch - soup with legumes, dumplings with meat, greens.
• Snack - cottage cheese soufflé, berries.
• Dinner - cheese, fruit.
• At night - ryazhenka.

Sunday:

• Breakfast - fruit and berry pudding, rye toast, butter.
• Lunch - crackers, honey, compote.
• Lunch - soup with beans, vegetable salad.
• Snack - milk-banana cocktail.
• Dinner - fish and vegetables.
• At night - yogurt.

The diet is quite balanced, universal, therefore it can be used after recovery as the main diet.

When compiling a specific menu, the severity, features of the treatment of the disease, and associated problems are taken into account.

Allowed and prohibited products

The diet for pulmonary tuberculosis will be based on the following products:

• Meat, poultry and fish. Meat and fish dishes are recommended to be consumed in large quantities. It is better to choose low-fat types.
• Milk products. You can cook dishes from cottage cheese, eat cheese, kefir, yogurt.
• Chicken eggs in different versions.
• Bread and flour. You can eat any kind, including muffins.
• Cereals (buckwheat, oatmeal, rice, corn and others), pasta.
• Fruits and vegetables in any form. Due to the presence of vitamins, they, along with proteins, should be enough on the menu.
• Drinks - green tea, compotes, rosehip broth, fresh fruit and vegetable juices.
• Various soups are also allowed.

• The amount of fluid per day - up to 1.5-2 liters. In some cases it is limited.
• It is extremely important to give up bad habits.
• Honey is useful for this disease: it is recommended to use a tablespoon of this product per day.
• Another useful product is propolis. It can be used for both treatment and prevention.
• Decoctions of wild rose, chamomile and other medicinal plants are useful.
• The benefits of citrus fruits are great, since vitamin C is indispensable in strengthening the immune system.
• In addition to nutrition, other lifestyle features are important. If a disease is detected, the premises should be disinfected.
• The patient must be taught the so-called cough discipline.
• All household items of the patient must be individual.

Moderate physical activity is beneficial. Breathing exercises have proven themselves well, but they must be approved by a doctor, as they are sometimes contraindicated.

The transition to the usual diet should be gradual.

Diet for pulmonary tuberculosis is a very important point in therapy.

It can significantly improve the patient's condition, prevent complications and speed up the healing process.

In contact with