State budgetary educational institution. Development of nursing in modern Russia - abstract Program for the development of nursing in the Russian Federation

08.04.202427.05.2017

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SAMARA STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF NURSING

ABSTRACT

on the topic: “Development of nursing at the present stage”

Completed by: Barinova Yulia Yurievna

Checked by: Karaseva Larisa Arkadyevna

Syzran 2000

Plan

Introduction

1. Nursing program

3. Improving the organization of work of nursing staff

4. Improving personnel policy

5. Improving professional education and developing scientific research in nursing

6. Development of professional associations, associations and unions

7. Program implementation mechanism

Conclusion

Introduction

In the recent past, nursing was viewed as an activity that did not require much special training.

I will consider how official Soviet ideology interpreted the concepts of “nurse” and “patient care.” These definitions, on the one hand, demonstrated the attitude of society towards the activities and status of nurses, and, on the other hand, shaped it. Thus, the Resolution of the People's Commissariat of Health (1927) stated: “A nursing assistant must only be a doctor’s assistant, work according to his instructions and under his supervision, must be fully prepared to perform all procedures prescribed by a doctor, and have precisely developed technical skills.”

The 1963 Popular Medical Encyclopedia describes a nurse as follows: “A person of average medical qualifications who works under the direction of a physician and carries out his orders and certain procedures”; The 1994 Concise Medical Encyclopedia defines a nurse as “a specialist with a secondary medical education working under the direction of a doctor in a health care facility.”

In 1993, the basic principles of the philosophy of nursing in Russia were first formulated, according to which a nurse is “a specialist with a professional education who shares the philosophy of nursing and has the right to do nursing work. She acts both independently and in collaboration with other professional healthcare workers." First, in educational institutions, and then in medical and preventive institutions, the concepts of “nursing process”, “nursing diagnosis”, “nursing medical history”, “patient needs” began to be considered.

1 . Nursing Development Program

The state program for the development of nursing in the Russian Federation was developed in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated December 31, 1997 No. 390 “On measures to improve nursing in the Russian Federation.”

It has now become obvious that a complex of unfavorable demographic, socio-economic, political and environmental factors that have arisen in the country in recent years have had an extremely negative impact on the health of the population.

The increase in demand for medical services occurs against the backdrop of an ever-increasing shortage of material and financial resources. The amount of healthcare financing from budgets at all levels and from compulsory health insurance cannot provide the population with publicly available free medical care.

In this situation, nursing personnel, the largest category of health care workers, and the services they provide are considered a valuable health care resource to meet the population's needs for accessible, acceptable and cost-effective health care.

The reform of nursing education carried out in the country under the leadership of the Ministry of Health has yielded concrete results, expressed in the creation of a multi-level system for training nursing personnel, improving the quality of professional education, and for the first time in Russia, the training of specialists with higher nursing education has been carried out.

At the same time, the lack of a legal basis for the activities of nursing specialists, mechanisms for its regulation, means and methods of social protection and motivation of qualified personnel leave the need for practical healthcare to use the existing nursing potential declared, but so far unfulfilled. The industry maintains a significant personnel imbalance in the ratio between doctors and nursing staff, the outflow of qualified nursing personnel from public health care institutions continues, workloads, staff dissatisfaction and social tension are increasing.

In this regard, there is an urgent need in the country for a well-thought-out state program for the reform and development of nursing. The program should be based on the real conditions and capabilities of state and municipal healthcare. The main directions, approaches and principles laid down in the Program should serve as a guide for program and other management actions at the regional and local levels.

Basic concepts used in the Program

Nursing -- an integral part of the health care system, which includes activities to promote health, prevent diseases, provide psychosocial assistance and care to persons with physical and (or) mental illnesses, as well as the disabled of all age groups. Nursing covers the physical, intellectual and social aspects of life as they affect health, illness, disability and death.

Such assistance should be provided by nursing staff in health care institutions and any other institutions, as well as at home, in other words, wherever there is a need for it.

Nursing staff -- These are workers who have a medical education in the specialties of nursing, midwifery, and general medicine (paramedic qualification) and are admitted to professional activities in the prescribed manner.

The variety of roles that nursing personnel perform requires an understanding of the factors influencing health, the causes of disease, how to treat and rehabilitate it, and the environmental, social and political conditions in which health care is provided and the health care system operates.

Timing and stages of program implementation

To ensure consistency in the implementation of the main directions of the Program, work on its implementation will be carried out in stages in 1998-2005.

The first stage -- 1998--2000. includes the preparation of priority, urgent measures (creation of regulatory, material,

technical and organizational base) for the implementation of the Program.

The second stage -- 2001-2005. includes the implementation of cost-effective forms and methods of work of nursing services in the healthcare system of the Russian Federation.

Resource support for the program

The program is being implemented at the expense of the federal budget, funds from the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and extra-budgetary sources attracted for its implementation, which do not contradict existing legislation.

Financial support for resolving issues that are under the joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and its constituent entities is carried out mainly from the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Organizing program management and monitoring the progress of its implementation

Management and control over the implementation of the Program is carried out by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. The main directions and provisions of the Program are annually clarified and monitored based on the progress of its implementation and the effectiveness of the use of funds.

Assessing the effectiveness of the medical, social and economic consequences of the program implementation

The medical, social and economic effectiveness of the Program will be assessed based on indicators of the efficiency and quality of work of nursing services of nursing staff in healthcare, education and social protection institutions, as well as their structural units, during the implementation of the main directions, provisions and activities of the Program.

2. Contents of the Program

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated November 5, 1997 No. 1387 “On measures to stabilize and develop healthcare and medical science in the Russian Federation” provides for the implementation of reforms in the industry aimed at improving the quality, accessibility and economic efficiency of medical care to the population in the conditions of the formation of market relations.

An important role in health care reform, ensuring the accessibility and quality of services provided to the population, strengthening the preventive focus, and solving the problems of medical and social care is assigned to specialists with secondary medical and higher nursing education and who make up the largest category of health care workers.

For the rational and effective use of the existing human resources nursing potential, the formation of state policy in the field of nursing and increasing the responsibility of authorities at all levels for its implementation are of great importance in the current situation.

In this regard, in the context of the Concept for the Development of Healthcare and Medical Science in the Russian Federation, a State Program for the Development of Nursing has been developed with the aim of concretizing and implementing its directions and provisions related to all aspects of nursing.

Main goals programs.

Providing assistance at the federal level and in the constituent entities of the Federation to bodies and institutions of health care, education and science to create optimal conditions for the development of nursing;

Improving the efficiency of resource use in healthcare;

Development of new organizational forms and technologies of nursing care;

Improving the system of training and use of nursing personnel;

Improving the nursing services management system;

Improving the legal regulation of the use of nursing personnel in healthcare;

Improving the professional and social status of the nursing profession;

Ensuring social protection of nursing staff;

Promoting the development of professional nursing, midwifery, paramedic associations and involving them in the implementation of state policy in the field of nursing development.

Program principles

Universality, social justice and accessibility of medical care to the population;

Preventive focus, health promotion;

Effective use of labor, material and economic resources;

Ensuring the quality of nursing care to the population;

Active participation of the population in solving health issues.

Main activities of nursing staff

In accordance with the Concept for the Development of Healthcare and Medical Science in the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Concept), the main directions in improving the organization of medical care, focused on the transition to less costly technologies, are the development of primary health care on the basis of municipal healthcare and the redistribution of part of the volume of assistance from expensive inpatient sector to outpatient.

Primary health care is becoming the main link in providing medical care to the population. A special role is given to the development of general practice of family medicine.

The reorganization of the inpatient sector, aimed at reducing the duration of the hospital stage, provides for the distribution of bed capacity depending on the intensity of the diagnostic and treatment process and the level of nursing care as follows: intensive treatment - up to 20%; restorative treatment - up to 45%; long-term treatment of patients with chronic diseases - up to 20%; medical and social assistance - up to 15%. Nursing work is varied and includes both high-tech clinical interventions and a wide range of primary health care services. There are also significant fluctuations in the degree of independence of nurses when providing medical care, making decisions and choosing action tactics.

In accordance with the priorities established by the Concept, it is necessary to ensure the development and improvement of the activities of nursing personnel in the following areas:

- primary health care with an emphasis on preventive work;

- medical and diagnostic assistance, including provision of intensive inpatient treatment and care;

-·rehabilitation assistance and medical and social assistance to chronically ill, elderly and disabled people;

-·medical and social assistance to incurable patients and the dying (providing palliative and hospice care).

The special role of nursing personnel in primary health care and family medicine is to use modern prevention technologies, including the formation of medical activity of the population.

The role of nursing personnel in health education of the population in such important areas as the formation of a healthy lifestyle, the prevention of diseases, poisonings and accidents, sex education, family planning and safe motherhood is increasing.

Nursing staff are responsible for providing training to the population in emergency care techniques and methods of caring for sick and disabled persons, which will facilitate the solution of a number of medical and social problems by the population and the patients themselves, and will also increase the efficiency of special services in emergency situations and liquidation of consequences natural Disasters.

It is necessary to expand the participation of nursing personnel in new organizational forms of out-of-hospital care: day hospitals, ambulatory surgery centers and medical and social care, consultative and diagnostic services and home care services.

Ensuring access to medical care for the rural population requires maintaining and further expanding the network of FAPs. It is necessary to take measures to improve the material and technical support of first-aid posts and health centers, to develop mobile forms of diagnostic, treatment and advisory assistance with the widespread involvement of nursing staff.

In connection with the restructuring of hospital beds in terms of the intensity of the treatment and diagnostic process, the profiling of activities and the rational use of nursing staff become important. There is an increasing need for personnel who can work with modern medical equipment, monitor the patient’s condition, master the nursing process, the basics of psychology, and provide comprehensive comprehensive care and rehabilitation of the patient.

Reducing the duration of the hospital stage involves intensifying the nursing process in the hospital.

The practice of maintaining nursing care plans and documenting the activities of nursing staff should be expanded.

Some of the expensive inpatient beds should be repurposed into nursing beds (departments and nursing homes) to provide long-term care to the chronically ill, the elderly and the disabled. These measures will reduce costs while maintaining the volume and quality of medical and social care provided to the population.

The patronage service and various types of home assistance require further development and improvement.

It is necessary to take effective measures to develop palliative and hospice care, which in their content is a new stage in humanistic medical and social care for incurable patients.

The decisive role in the organization of all areas of nursing staff activity belongs to the heads of nursing services at various levels, starting with senior nurses of departments of medical institutions and ending with chief nursing specialists of health care authorities. subjects of the Russian Federation. Particular attention should be paid to the formation of the administrative and managerial direction of nursing.

The development and improvement of the main areas of activity of nursing personnel must be accompanied by scientific support. In addition, for the successful implementation of the planned directions, a system of interaction and cooperation between nursing staff and doctors, other specialists and services must be clearly thought out and ensured.

3. Improving the organization of work of nursing staff

In the context of decentralization of the healthcare system, the development of market relations and the transition to budgetary insurance medicine, it has become obvious that the quality and safety of medical care, as well as the effectiveness of medical services provided to the population, largely depend on the organization and management system of medical care.

A serious limitation of the existing system of providing medical care to the population is the lack of general principles and approaches to organizing the work of nursing personnel. Currently, there is no unified management system for nursing services at all levels, which negatively affects the quality and efficiency of nursing staff.

It is necessary to create a multi-level management system for nursing services with a rational distribution of tasks and powers of nurse managers, starting with the chief nursing specialist of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, health authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and ending with the senior nurse of a department of a health care institution.

Improving the quality of nursing care will be facilitated by the implementation of a set of measures for standardization, licensing, accreditation and certification.

The development and implementation of standards for the professional activities of nursing staff both in outpatient clinics and in hospital settings should ensure a clear organization of the work of nursing services.

It is necessary to create information systems that allow the use of comparable data on improving the quality of care to the population.

In order to rationally organize work and assess the quality of care provided by nursing staff, computerization of healthcare institutions and the creation of appropriate information and analytical systems will be required.

The culture of nursing, ethical standards of behavior, and respect for the rights of the patient should become the basis for the professional activities of nursing staff in all its organizational forms.

Unfortunately, in our country, nursing as an independent professional branch does not yet have a sufficient number of highly qualified specialists involved in developing ideology, creating textbooks, and teaching materials. All this is mainly done by doctors.

On the other hand, one cannot fail to note the conservatism of doctors (and nurses), which hinders changes in the field of nursing. Indeed, nursing has always been oriented towards meeting the needs of doctors and has not developed as a profession in itself, but has simply followed the development of medicine, becoming more and more functional and focused. It is convenient for a doctor to have a nurse nearby as an assistant, and not as an equal partner.

A survey of 31 doctors and 45 nurses in the Sergiev Posad region, conducted in June 2000, showed that nurses know more about the nursing process than doctors and are more optimistic about its future (see table).

From the above data it is clear that they are already inclined to understand their professional status in accordance with the norms accepted in the world community.

4. Improving personnel policy

Personnel policy issues must be resolved taking into account the changes occurring in all areas of healthcare. It is necessary to improve the system of planning, forecasting and monitoring of training and employment, certification and assessment of nursing personnel.

When forming a long-term personnel policy, modern approaches to solving employment issues in healthcare and resource allocation should be developed, taking into account the needs of the population and new principles of organizing medical care.

The uneven supply of nursing personnel to the population and the existing imbalance in the ratio between doctors and nursing staff require significant adjustments to personnel policies at the federal, regional and local levels.

In this regard, it is necessary to reorganize the system of planning and distribution of human resources, which should change the doctor/nursing staff ratio towards increasing the latter with the transfer to nursing staff of some of the functions currently performed by doctors.

The most important directions of personnel policy should be the formation of scientifically based approaches to calculating the need, planning, training and use of nursing personnel, ensuring a rational relationship and interaction with other health care workers and providing a system of socio-economic incentives for personnel.

Particular attention should be paid to the creation of an effective certification and attestation system that will ensure an appropriate level of professional readiness and qualifications of specialists, guaranteeing the quality of medical services provided to the population.

A bank of unified test tasks should be formed to improve certification and certification in accordance with the nomenclature of specialties.

The improvement of personnel policy will also be facilitated by:

n increasing social protection guarantees;

n providing prospects for professional growth, development and career;

n regulation of the remuneration system for specialists, taking into account the level of education, complexity, volume and quality of assistance provided;

n widespread use of the contract hiring system;

n establishing and indexing wages for nursing staff in an amount not lower than the subsistence level;

n development of tariffs for nursing services;

n ensuring safe and favorable working conditions.

The remuneration system for nursing personnel should be reformed in order to achieve the maximum possible correspondence of remuneration to the volume and quality of work performed, create economic incentives to improve labor efficiency and rational use of resources necessary for the production of services.

In the field of ensuring labor safety for nursing personnel, it is necessary to:

Develop regulatory documents on occupational safety in healthcare institutions;

Organize training on labor protection issues for managers and employees of healthcare institutions, students of vocational educational institutions;

Pursue a unified policy to establish compensation and benefits for special working conditions for medical workers.

5. Improving professional education and developing scientific research in nursing

The formation of a qualitatively new level of nursing care to the population is based on the improvement of professional training, the development of scientific research in the field of nursing and the use of their results in practical healthcare.

Why is research needed in nursing? The answer is simple. They allow nurses to find the best ways to care for the patient. Evidence-based nursing practice is practice that is based on objective evidence about the most effective nursing interventions.

Already during the observations of Florence Nightingale and her statistical approach to reducing mortality from infectious diseases among soldiers in the Crimea, experts expanded their knowledge by using scientific methods in their practice (collecting information, changing one variable while holding other factors constant to identify differences in results, etc.). d.).

Scientific research in nursing provides objective answers to how to provide the best care to patients. In this changing landscape of increasingly complex technologies, the only effective way to assure us of the validity of the care provided is through the pooling of collective knowledge and expertise through nursing research. Research is a scientific means of objectively determining whether answers to clinical questions remain true over time and whether they remain true in more than one clinical situation.

The application of research into practice not only helps patients, but also strengthens nursing as a profession. If nursing is truly a profession and not just a job or activity, then nurses must be able to continually evaluate care and be held accountable for providing the best possible care.

The evaluation process is a critical moment in the conduct of scientific research as well as in the provision of care. To determine whether the research is ready for use in practice, the nurse should ask herself the following basic questions: How similar are the research examples to patients? Do I understand the findings and conclusions of the study sufficiently? Will patient care improve as a result of the changes suggested by the research? If the nurse answers “I'm not sure” to any of these questions, then colleagues should be consulted and their opinion taken into account in subsequent evaluation of the scientific method.

The first step in working with a patient is the ability to collect information about his health status, lifestyle, support systems, characteristics of the disease and adaptation, strengths, limitations and resources. This information can only be obtained through communication with the patient.

However, communication with a patient is a whole science and must be used in practice gradually, as if developing a skill by “skill.” A future nurse can collect information only by mastering the art and methods of communication, asking questions to the patient and his loved ones.

Nursing research provides answers to both how to provide care and what care to provide.

Requirements for qualifications, certification and certification of nursing personnel are the basis for the creation of vocational and educational programs for training and postgraduate education of personnel in accordance with the classifier of specialties in the healthcare system.

The vocational education system must provide differentiated training of nursing personnel depending on the needs of the population and the service market and guarantee appropriate qualifications and competence in solving professional problems.

The creation and development of a state system of multi-level training of nursing personnel is an important step in improving professional education and a necessary condition for ensuring the quality of nursing care to the population. The system includes 4 professional and educational levels, each of which corresponds to a mandatory minimum content and duration of training in the specialty (State educational standard):

Basic (basic) level in colleges and schools;

Advanced (in-depth) level in colleges;

Higher nursing education in universities;

Postgraduate education (internship, residency and postgraduate studies).

It is necessary to ensure continuity and integration between all levels of training.

Increased levels of education should produce qualified nursing professionals who have advanced clinical training and are prepared to provide a wide range of services in primary health care settings.

Particular attention must be paid to the development of higher nursing education, which forms the potential for scientific research in the field of nursing and provides highly qualified management and teaching personnel, which will largely determine the level and quality of nursing care in our country in the future.

It is also necessary to develop and improve forms of postgraduate education in internship, residency and graduate school with a mandatory focus on clinical practice.

Improving vocational education involves the development of pedagogical technologies and educational and methodological support for specialists at all levels and forms of education.

Naturally, by loading students with a large volume of material, teachers cannot devote the necessary time to teach patient care itself as a basis. nursing practice.

And the main goal is to educate a highly qualified nursing specialist, a nurse-person who shares the philosophy of nursing and is able to creatively carry out the nursing process aimed at meeting the needs of both sick and healthy people.

The Fundamentals of Nursing curriculum includes manipulative nursing, therapeutic nursing, surgical nursing, and pediatric nursing. Students who have not mastered the basics of nursing well enough will find it difficult to teach complex care for various patients in the future within the scope of the new curriculum, which involves a phased education and its continuity from course to course.

Great importance is attached to the use of algorithms in working with this technique. Creating manipulation algorithms is a creative process and therefore quite complex.

The use of algorithms makes it possible to unify education, streamline the teacher’s requirements for students, and avoid misunderstandings when assessing the correctness of students’ performance of practical manipulations during tests and exams. In addition, learning using algorithms disciplines both the student and the teacher at the same time, and allows the student to create a persistent stereotype of future professional activity.

So, active training using algorithms makes it possible to prepare a nurse who has excellent command of professional technology. However, using only this technique, it is impossible to achieve from a future nurse the ability to clearly navigate in difficult situations, provide emergency first aid or provide comprehensive care. To do this, it is necessary to solve situational problems and role-play situations. The very name “situational task” suggests that a certain

a situation from which the nurse finds the best way out. When composing situational tasks, it is necessary to avoid verbosity, excessive workload, and the possibility of ambivalent interpretation of the presented facts.

It is necessary to provide conditions for specialists to improve their skills and receive a higher level of education without interrupting their work.

To solve the problems of nursing education, a multi-level system of training nursing specialists is being formed. The network of secondary educational institutions has been reorganized, and faculties of higher nursing education have been opened in 20 medical universities. New software and methodological complexes have been prepared for specialties and disciplines. A new generation of modular curricula and programs in nursing disciplines has been introduced into practice, and a state educational standard for the specialty “Nursing” has been created.

Unfortunately, in the domestic practice of secondary medical education there was no special training of teachers for medical schools. it was assumed that any doctor could competently train a nurse, paramedic or midwife and for this he did not have to be a specialist in nursing, know the basics of pedagogy and master the methods of teaching these disciplines. This simplified approach to the training of teaching staff has led to the fact that nurses are currently taught by graduates of medical institutes who have medical qualifications, but are not nursing specialists.

Maintaining a high professional level, acquiring new knowledge and skills, taking into account the achievements of medical science and practice, requires that the advanced training of nurses be a flexible in form and constantly updated in content system of continuous education.

The main objectives of the program, which ensures the professional pedagogical orientation of future specialists, are to provide a holistic, systematic, conceptual study of material on the problems of general pedagogy, patterns and principles of the learning process, the essence and content of the educational process, the use of modern educational technologies to select the optimal strategy for teaching special nursing disciplines in depending on the level of training of students and learning objectives, the formation of skills in designing, developing and conducting standard activities related to teaching (lessons, lectures, seminars and practical classes), familiarization with methods of researching problems related to teaching, their resolution, analysis of particular and general problems of teaching, management of the learning process.

It is necessary to abandon outdated cliches and pedagogical techniques that have been used for a long time in the training of nurses. One of these cliches, which has brought a lot of harm, is the training of nurses on the principle of training a doctor, when diseases with their etiology, pathogenesis, clinical variants, possible complications, emergency situations, and treatment are carefully studied.

The practice of forming targeted orders for the training of specialists by health authorities should be extended, with them concluding relevant agreements with educational institutions and applicants.

Ensuring the quality of training of specialists largely consists of solving problems of material, technical, educational and methodological support, staffing educational institutions with qualified teaching staff and creating modern training bases for practice that correspond to the main directions of development of outpatient and inpatient care.

In this regard, it is necessary to take effective measures to support the state system of professional nursing education, train and improve the qualifications of teaching and administrative personnel, create and distribute educational literature, develop information systems and provide access to databases, as well as increase the responsibility of basic healthcare institutions for practical training of nursing staff.

It is necessary to improve the system of final state certification of graduates of medical educational institutions in accordance with the requirements of the State educational standard.

In international relations in the field of nursing training, one should:

Restore professional ties with CIS member states;

To develop work on the conclusion of international agreements of the Russian Federation on the mutual recognition of diplomas and other documents on professional training, as well as on cooperation of educational institutions, internships and training of specialists abroad on the principle of exchange;

Actively participate in international projects and WHO programs.

The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation considers the development of scientific research in the field of nursing and applied disciplines as priority areas for the development of medical science.

The main objectives of scientific research in nursing are:

Development of scientific approaches to the development and improvement of nursing;

Development of sound norms, criteria and standards of nursing practice;

Development of new forms of organization and work methods for nursing staff;

Testing the effectiveness of experimental models of nursing practice.

The development of scientific research in the field of nursing will be carried out on the basis of the following principles:

Integration with research in other areas of medical science;

Formation of strong connections between science, practice and education;

Promoting the development of independence in nursing practice;

State support for scientific teams making a great contribution to the development of nursing, the use of extra-budgetary sources of funding, including international projects, foundations, etc.;

Legislative consolidation of legal mechanisms for the development of nursing;

Creation of permanent monitoring of scientific research, examination of scientific programs and provision of ethical control over research.

The functions of identifying and coordinating the most important areas for the development of scientific research in the field of nursing will be carried out by the scientific council, which is part of the Problem Commission on Nursing of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.

6. Development of professional associations, associations and unions

An important role in the development of nursing is played by professional nursing associations, associations and unions. It is necessary to provide effective support to professional organizations in the initial stage of their formation at the local, regional and state levels and the lack of necessary domestic experience in this regard.

In order to promote the development of professional organizations and associations, it is necessary to promote the experience of existing associations with the involvement of the media, professional newspapers and magazines.

Representatives of professional associations should be more actively involved in discussing current problems of healthcare and nursing, developing regulatory and administrative documentation regulating the activities of nursing personnel, and the work of licensing, certification and attestation commissions.

Cooperation with national and international nursing organizations, with professional medical organizations, as well as with public non-professional organizations that advocate for ensuring public health and protecting the professional rights and interests of healthcare workers is important for the development of professional organizations.

The priority task of the Russian National Nurses Association is to join the International Council of Nurses (ICN) and full participation in its work. ”

The Russian Nurses Association actively advocates for the development of nursing. Having thus discussed the problems of the development of nursing in the Russian Federation, the conference nurses came to the conclusion that nursing reforms, like healthcare reforms in general, in our country will take place under conditions of limited (shortage) economic and human resources and that in the coming years there will be a significant influx of the number of nurses in the healthcare sector should not be expected.

They believe that retaining nursing personnel and maintaining their level of professionalism is one of the main urgent tasks of the nursing development program in our country. They believe that the strategy for the development of nursing in Russia should be based on the principles of primary health care. The nursing development strategy should solve the following tasks:

Meet changing healthcare needs;

Have a scientific basis;

Be socially acceptable, that is, ensure universal accessibility of medical care, take into account the interests of socially vulnerable groups of the population;

Provide assistance at home, at the family level, in medical institutions;

Guarantee high quality and safety of medical care;

Be focused not on the disease, but on active prevention based on a healthy lifestyle.

Nurses believe that the ultimate goals of the draft “National Plan for the Development of Nursing in the Russian Federation” should be:

· maintaining the health of all citizens of the country;

· equality, accessibility of medical care for the entire population with its high efficiency and safety;

· improving the social and legal status of nurses, midwives, and paramedics.

Today, despite the existing problems of both social and economic nature , The main cadres of nurses have preserved the traditions of Russian mercy, professionalism, and enthusiasm. The intensification of their activities, the creation of nursing associations, their commitment to change in nursing and support for change are noted. This is an important factor. promoting the development of nursing reforms.

7. Program implementation mechanism

To implement the Program, specific activities are determined for each section, indicating the deadlines for their implementation, responsible executors, and the amount of funds required to carry out the activities.

The implementation of program activities is managed by an interdepartmental working group created by the Russian Ministry of Health in agreement with interested ministries and departments and the Russian Nurses Association.

Conclusion

The observed stratification of society and the increase in the number of socially unprotected groups of the population negatively affect the availability of medical care.

In conditions of shortage of economic funds and human resources, it is difficult to provide the population with generally accessible, safe and high-quality medical care. Decentralization of healthcare and the education system in our country has certain negative consequences. In particular, this led to a lack of coordination of actions, a decrease in control over the quality of medical services, a drop in the level of education and, most importantly, to a loss of information about problems and human resources in health care, and therefore to a decrease in the reliability of the data obtained.

The health of the population of our country and the level of education are the main indicators that ensure the security of the state. We strongly urge the government and state organizations to maintain financial protection in the Russian budget for expenditure items on healthcare and medical education.

To preserve and strengthen nursing care and develop nursing in the Russian Federation, we consider the following activities to be of priority:

Development of a national health program (health protection);

Development (within the framework of the national health program) of a program for the development of nursing in the country;

Determining the limits of a nurse’s competence depending on the level of education and qualifications,

Revision of workload standards and work standards for nurses of various specialties, the nomenclature of positions and consolidation and X legislative legal documents;

Revision of the level of remuneration of nurses, midwives, paramedics, improvement of social conditions:

Strict regulation and control of occupational safety in the medical workplace:

Development of professional associations in the regions and approval of the status of associations in legislation.

nursing medicine social economic

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Reforming nursing education

In 1991, the first steps were taken to reform education: the first colleges providing an advanced level of education in the specialty “nursing” and the first faculties of higher nursing education (FHNE) were opened at medical academies and universities. They began to create a multi-level system for training nursing personnel (basic-advanced-higher).
Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated August 19, 1997 No. 249 “On the nomenclature of specialties of nursing and pharmaceutical personnel” introduces a nomenclature of 26 specialties of nursing and pharmaceutical personnel, a list of correspondence of specialties of nursing and pharmaceutical personnel to the positions of these specialists, and, what is especially important , provisions on specialists, including their responsibilities, rights, qualifications, requirements for general and special knowledge and skills.
Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated August 29, 1997 No. 261 “On the introduction of state educational standards for secondary vocational education” introduces standards that are based on a fundamentally new understanding of the professional activity of a nurse. Since September 2002, training in medical schools and colleges has been carried out according to second-generation standards.
Now in the country there are about 450 medical schools and colleges and more than 30 FVSO. The basic level prepares general nurses and nurses. An increased level of education is provided for the training of nursing specialists or specialists with advanced training in the field of family medicine, social care, anesthesiology, resuscitation, neonatology, rehabilitation treatment, oncology, palliative care and others.
To increase the efficiency of the use of nursing personnel in practical health care, it is necessary to begin everywhere to train junior nurses to care for patients, especially since there are such positions in health care facilities. The list of specialties of primary vocational education includes the specialty “Nursing” and the qualification “junior nurse for patient care.” The training system for nursing specialists has become four-level.

Reforming nursing practice

Important areas of activity for nursing staff:
- primary health care with an emphasis on preventive work;
- diagnostic and treatment assistance, including provision of intensive treatment;
- rehabilitation and medical and social assistance to patients with chronic diseases, children, the elderly and disabled;
- medical and social care for incurable and dying patients (palliative care).
At the same time, nursing staff must first of all use modern technologies in their activities.
A number of new technologies have already been introduced into practical healthcare. They are developing a network of wards, departments, nursing and palliative care hospitals (hospices, pain therapy rooms), and creating nursing services for the elderly and disabled at home.
Develop and use nursing documentation for patient care and monitoring. They are creating educational and methodological centers to train medical personnel in the new organizational system
nursing, implementation of innovative technologies taking into account regional characteristics.
The restructuring carried out in the industry based on the development of “general medical practices” increases the demand for general practice nurses. The professional activity of such a nurse involves an independent division of work with the patient: conducting pre-medical examinations, incl. preventive; identifying and solving patient problems within their competence; providing nursing services to patients with the most common diseases, including diagnostic measures and manipulations (independently and together with a doctor); conducting classes with different groups of patients; receiving patients within their competence.
It is necessary to expand the participation of nursing staff in new organizational forms of out-of-hospital care: day hospitals, ambulatory surgery and medical and social care centers, consultative and diagnostic services and home care services, giving them greater independence.
A special place in the activities of nursing staff is occupied by the preventive direction. Schools for patients with chronic diseases are promising forms of preventive work. In some regions, nursing programs have already been developed to prevent the most important infectious and non-infectious diseases. In a number of territories, schools for patients with bronchial asthma, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and family planning schools operate successfully.
The work of the schools is aimed at teaching patients with chronic pathology health-saving technologies, the basic principles of rational nutrition, drug and non-drug therapy, methods of self-control, and prevention of exacerbations of the disease. In addition, the task of schools is to improve the quality of life of the patient.
Quality management in healthcare involves improving the management of nursing services, creating an environment in practical healthcare for the work of nursing specialists of a new generation.
The creation of a nursing staff management system affects the quality of medical services provided in a medical institution. To assess this quality, each medical institution traditionally uses indicators of state statistical reporting: bed capacity, hospital mortality, frequency of coincidences or discrepancies between clinical and pathological diagnoses, and others. It has not become a practice to use such an indicator, widely used in foreign medicine, as patient satisfaction with the quality of medical care provided. However, customer focus is a key principle of a quality management system in healthcare.
Currently, work has been intensified to create professional standards (protocols) for medical and nursing activities, which can ensure the efficiency and quality of medical services. In 2002, the first protocols for the management of patients were approved: “Protocol for the management of patients. Heart failure”, “Patient management protocol. Bedsores." In 2003, the following were approved: “Protocol for the management of patients. Scabies”, “Protocol for the management of patients. Prevention of pulmonary embolism during surgical and other invasive interventions”, “Protocol for patient management. Gonococcal infection", "Patient management protocol. Syphilis”, “Protocol for the management of patients. Intestinal dysbiosis."
Industry standards directly related to the activities of a nurse are at various stages of preparation: “Intravenous administration of drugs”, “Intramuscular administration of drugs”, “Subcutaneous administration of drugs”, “Care of a vascular catheter”.

Self-government and consolidation of the nursing profession

In 1994, the Interregional Association of Nurses of Russia (IAMS) was registered. Its creation speaks volumes, and first of all, about the understanding of the need for strategic changes in nursing by the head and senior nurses of medical institutions, about the importance of joining forces to carry them out. The permanent president of the Association is V.A. Sarkisova.
Marsha Fowler (professor of nursing from California, USA) believes that the nursing association has many tasks. It is necessary to make nursing education continuous; introduce the principles of the Code of Ethics for Nursing into everyday practice; standards for general practice and specialized care should be created, and the well-being of the nurse, including socially, should be taken care of; it is necessary to increase the public prestige of nursing. It is necessary to standardize the process of licensing, certification and accreditation of nurses, develop professional communication through the media, and create conditions for nurses to be proud of their profession. An atmosphere that encourages innovation is needed. The nurse should be able to make suggestions without fear of reprisal. One of the main tasks of a nursing association is to guarantee the rights of nurses. The Association should become the organization where every nurse can turn in difficult times.
Today the Association unites more than 60 regional associations and branches and about 113,000 nurses.
Midwives in our country are united in the Russian Association of Midwives (president N.A. Dzhalalyan).
Operating room nurses in Russia are united in MOOOMS - the Interregional Public Organization of Operating Room Nurses (president O.G. Pozdnyakova).

Conducting research in nursing

The development and improvement of the main areas of activity of nursing personnel must be accompanied by scientific support.
The main objectives of scientific research in nursing: development of scientific approaches to the development and improvement of nursing, sound norms, criteria and standards of nursing practice, new forms of organization and methods of work of nursing staff; testing the effectiveness of experimental models of nursing practice and others.
The first steps in this direction have demonstrated the high demand for scientific research in practical healthcare.
An analysis of specialized literature has shown that quite a lot of research is being carried out in the field of nursing. Have nursing research centers been created at the Kursk Medical College and in St. Petersburg on the basis of the advanced training school for workers with secondary medical and pharmaceutical education at the Central Medical School? 122. Nursing research is carried out, on the one hand, by doctors as part of research for the degree of candidates or doctors of medical sciences, on the other hand, by nurses at the faculties of VSO and in medical colleges.
In 1999, the first among VSO graduates to successfully defend her dissertation for the degree of Candidate of Medical Sciences was a graduate of the MMA named after. THEM. Sechenova S. Shlyakher. The topic of her dissertation is “Scientific substantiation of the organizational and regulatory foundations for the development of hospital-substituting forms of medical care.” The second candidate was also MMA graduate E. Demysheva (dissertation topic: “Quality of nursing care”).
Consideration of the research topics allowed us to highlight the following areas: research into the properties and personality states of future sisters; research into the personal qualities and characteristics of the activities of practicing nurses; studies of patient satisfaction with the quality of work of nurses; health worker health surveys; research of methodological aspects of activity; studying the use of working time by nurses; analysis of the features of psychological assistance to patients with various pathologies; study of objective indicators of the performance of nursing services in hospital medical departments, methods of their calculation and others.
For example, a study conducted in 11 regions of the Russian Federation on the costs of a nurse’s working time in the real working conditions of health care facilities showed that nurses spend more than 30% of their working time on performing auxiliary work that does not require nursing qualifications. This means that with the rational use of medical personnel and the optimal organization of their work, it is possible to free up time reserves for the main activities of nursing staff - direct patient care.
At the same time, the Resolution of the II All-Russian Congress of Paramedical Workers (2004) noted that there is no scientific research in the field of nursing.

Development of international cooperation

In 1899, the International Council of Nurses (ICN) was created. Today it is the largest association of specialists in the field of health
protection: it consists of more than 12 million nurses from 125 countries. Close cooperation between Russian nurses and MSM began only in 1999. Then Russian nurses participated as guests in an international conference dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the International Council of Nurses.
In 1971, the MSM decided to celebrate May 12, the birthday of the founder of nursing, Florence Nightingale, as International Nurses Day. Since 1988, each International Nurses Day has a specific theme. Getting acquainted with the topics and extensive material that MSM provides annually on the eve of the International Day on its website http://www.icn.ch, allows you to evaluate the range of problems that attract the medical community, and primarily nurses around the world.
Here are some topics from recent years:
- 2001 - “Let's join forces against violence”;
- 2002 - “Caring for families”;
- 2003 - “The fight against injustice towards AIDS patients”;
- 2004 - “Poverty and health”;
- 2005 - “Nurses for patient safety: against counterfeit and substandard drugs.”
It is gratifying to note that Russian nurses have recently also celebrated their professional holiday together with nurses from all over the world.
In 2005, Russian nurses were accepted as members of the International Council of Nurses.
Russian nurses also actively cooperate with the second largest International organization of nurses - the Honorary Society Sigma Teta Tay International (STTI). The society was founded in 1922 by six student nurses from Indiana (USA). The students decided to create an organization that, through the dissemination of knowledge in nursing, would help improve the health of the world's population. STTI now unites more than 250,000 nurses who live and work in 90 countries. The organization spends more than $650,000 annually on research programs.
Russian nurses are vigorously developing cooperation with their Swedish colleagues. As part of a Russian-Swedish project with the support of the Swedish Health Workers Association, more than 2,000 Russian nurses from 15 regions of the country took part in “Bold Beginnings” leadership seminars.
Together with Canadian nurses, Russian nurses participated in the Health Education Link Project (HELP). The ROXY project - Russian-Canadian Sisterhood Initiative - is now being successfully implemented. Project goal: to assist the Ministry of Health and Social Development and the Russian Association of Nurses (RAMS) in creating mechanisms to ensure the quality of nursing care - educational standards for the postgraduate training system, modern protocols and models for organizing nursing care.
There are many such examples. Cooperation is developing both at the all-Russian level and at the regional level, and even between individual educational institutions. For example, the Sergiev Posad School of the Moscow Region cooperates with a sister college in the German city of Fulda (sister city of Sergiev Posad).
With the aim of organizing and developing international relations in 1995 on the basis of the FVSO MMA named after. THEM. Sechenov, a Center for Nursing and Midwifery collaborating with WHO was created (the first director is Prof. G.M. Perfilyeva).
In May 1998, the world community adopted the “Health for All in the 21st Century” program, which determined the most important health care priorities for the first two decades of the 21st century. Based on WHO's global policy, the Regional Committee for Europe has defined its regional policy "HEALTH 21", which is based on three fundamental values:
- health as a fundamental human right;
- equity in health and solidarity in action, both between countries and throughout society in this process;
- the responsibility of individuals, population groups and organizations for the continuous development of health care, as well as their participation in this process.
At the same time, health is defined as the right of all people and a necessary condition for well-being, a high quality of life and sustainable economic development. And its protection is perceived not as the exclusive responsibility of health services, but as a task of all departments and industries, non-governmental organizations, as well as individuals and population groups.
At the II WHO European Conference on Nursing and Midwifery (Munich, 2000), the Oath of nurses and midwives committed to the “HEALTH-XXI” policy was adopted. It contains these words:
“Adhering to the principles of the “HEALTH-XXI” policy, I undertake to use my knowledge, experience and humanistic attitude towards people for the benefit of protecting public health. My highest goal is to work collaboratively with the public to improve public health and ensure that everyone has the right to appropriate health care. Together with fellow nurses and midwives, and in collaboration with other health professionals and the public, I will continually strive to promote healthy lifestyles and create healthy environments in the community. The measure of my effectiveness will be improved health for individuals, families and communities. I will always be guided by the highest ideals of compassion and morality in providing care and providing professional care to patients.”

CONCLUSIONS
- The role of nursing personnel in the implementation of state guarantees of medical care to citizens of the Russian Federation has increased, meeting the population’s need for preventive, therapeutic, diagnostic, rehabilitation and palliative care.
- A multi-level training system for nursing personnel has been created (initial-basic-advanced-higher). There are about 450 medical schools and colleges and more than 30 faculties of higher education in the country. At the same time, the system of training specialists does not meet the needs of practical healthcare and the tasks of structural restructuring of the industry.
- The Russian philosophy of nursing has been adopted; An Ethical Code of Nurses in Russia has been developed, defining both the rights of the nurse and the patient.
- Conducting experimental work on the introduction of modern organizational forms and technologies of nursing activities. Work has been intensified to create professional standards for medical and nursing practice, which makes it possible to ensure the efficiency and quality of medical services.
- The number of public nursing organizations continues to grow. Registered and actively working: Russian Association of Nurses, Russian Association of Midwives, Interregional Public Organization of Operating Room Nurses and others.
- International cooperation between Russian nurses is expanding both at the national and local levels.
- At the same time, fundamental research in the field of nursing is practically absent.
- There is no conceptual model of nursing that allows us to determine the boundaries of the competence of nursing staff and their place in today's healthcare system.

Fundamentals of nursing: textbook. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2008. Ostrovskaya I.V., Shirokova N.V.

Currently, nurses are trained in 453 vocational education institutions. New generation state educational standards are being introduced. The Doctrine of Secondary Medical and Pharmaceutical Education in the Russian Federation has been approved, and the Industry Development Program of S.D. is being successfully implemented. in the Russian Federation. It is designed to ensure increased efficiency and strengthened the role of nursing personnel in providing medical care to the population.

Every year the number of experimental sites for the introduction of new nursing technologies is growing: nursing process, perioperative process, etc.

A network of wards, departments, nursing hospitals and palliative services is being developed.

The participation of nursing staff in new organizational forms of out-of-hospital care is expanding: day hospitals, ambulatory surgery and medical and social care centers, home care services, “Patient Schools”, etc.

The activity of nursing staff in conducting health education of the population has increased.

Currently, the healthcare system employs more than 1,336.1 thousand specialists with secondary medical education. The nursing staffing level is 69.7%. The ratio of doctor to nursing staff is 1: 2.2, which limits the possibilities of after-care, patronage, and rehabilitation. This is due to objective reasons: low wages, equal approaches to wages, low level of social security.

The experience of implementing the national project "Health" has shown that nursing personnel (in particular, primary care) do not always meet the requirements of the time, and this concerns not only the quality of the services provided, but also the relationship between nurses and patients.

Healthcare as an industry has received powerful financial injections in recent years to develop its material and technical base. This also affected the nursing staff: a fund of small-scale mechanization equipment has been formed, which expands the possibilities of quality patient care. Regional development programs for SD have been developed and approved. The positions of chief specialists in SD have been introduced in the management bodies. Programs for interaction between medical educational and medical institutions have been developed.

Philosophy of Nursing

In 1993 At the Golitsyn Scientific and Practical Conference, the program document “Philosophy of Nursing” was adopted, reflecting the views of Russian nurses on the profession.

Philosophy(from Greek - love of wisdom) is a worldview, a system of ideas, views on the world and the place of man in it. Philosophy of Nursing- part of the general philosophy. It represents a system of views on the nursing profession. Basic principles of nursing philosophy:

respect for life;
respect for the patient's dignity;
respect for rights.

The philosophy of nursing is based on 4 basic concepts.

In the center - patient (person, individual) who needs and receives nursing care. This is a person with certain psychological, biological, social needs and problems, considered as a whole (holistic approach).
Nursing- an art that requires imagination, creativity, understanding the thoughts and feelings of the patient, combined with scientific justification.
Environment– a set of natural, social, psychological factors that are affected by human activity. This is an important factor in preventing the disease. It also includes faith, certain behavior of people, and their traditions.
Health– dynamic harmony of the individual with the environment, achieved through adaptation (definition given at the Golitsyn Conference). This is an individual’s ability to take care of himself, adaptation to stress, a goal to strive for.

Nursing is part of the health care system, science and art, specific professional activity aimed at solving existing and potential patient health problems in changing environmental conditions.

The goal of nursing is to provide qualified nursing care to the patient through the nursing process.

Nursing has no restrictions on nationality, race, age, gender, political and religious beliefs, or social status. The need for nursing is unique, necessary for a person from birth to death.

A nurse is a specialist with professional education who shares the philosophy of nursing and has the right to practice nursing.

The nurse is responsible to society, including to the patient, in turn, society is responsible to the nurse, recognizing the important role of nursing in the healthcare system, regulates and encourages its activities through the issuance of legislative acts. The nurse acts on the principle of not causing harm to the patient and respecting his right to independence. She must be able to cooperate and be dedicated to the profession.

Basic concepts used in the Program

Such assistance should be provided by nursing staff in health care institutions and any other institutions, as well as at home, in other words, wherever there is a need for it.

Timing and stages of program implementation

To ensure consistency in the implementation of the main directions of the Program, work on its implementation will be carried out in stages in 1998-2005.

The first stage -- 1998--2000. includes the preparation of priority, urgent measures (creation of regulatory, material,

technical and organizational base) for the implementation of the Program.

The second stage -- 2001-2005. includes the implementation of cost-effective forms and methods of work of nursing services in the healthcare system of the Russian Federation.

Resource support for the program

Organizing program management and monitoring the progress of its implementation

Assessing the effectiveness of the medical, social and economic consequences of the program implementation

The industry maintains a significant personnel imbalance in the ratio between doctors and nursing staff, the outflow of qualified nursing personnel from public health care institutions continues, workloads, staff dissatisfaction and social tension are increasing.

Program Goals:

Creation of legal, organizational, economic and methodological conditions for the development of nursing in the Russian Federation as one of the links in the healthcare system, the rational use of which leads to a significant improvement in the quality, accessibility and cost-effectiveness of medical care, efficient use of healthcare resources, reduction of direct and indirect losses to society due to reducing morbidity and mortality of the population.

Objectives of the Program:

1. determination of the general medium-term strategy for the development of nursing in the Russian Federation;

2. determination and justification of resource support for the development of nursing in the Russian Federation;

3. improvement of the regulatory framework that defines the role and functions (characteristics of the legal status) of nursing specialists in the Russian healthcare system;

4. development of the state and public system for managing nursing activities in accordance with the common goals and objectives of healthcare development;

5. standardization and technologization of professional activities of specialists with secondary medical and pharmaceutical education;

6. increasing the level of professional competence of specialists with secondary medical education through the development and improvement of the system of continuous and multi-level professional education;

7. formation of a unified information environment for the industry, including a system of vocational education, through the use of information and telecommunication systems and technologies;

8. ensuring management of the field of scientific activity in the field of nursing, coordinating and increasing the volume of activities to create a new generation of information products for nursing specialists.

Program principles

· universality, social justice and accessibility of medical care to the population;

· preventive focus, health promotion;

· efficient use of labor, material and economic resources;

· ensuring the quality of nursing care to the population;

· active participation of the population in solving health issues.

Basic concepts used in the Program:

Nursing- an integral part of the health care system, which includes activities to promote health, prevent diseases, provide psychosocial assistance and care to persons with physical and (or) mental illnesses, as well as the disabled of all age groups. Nursing covers the physical, intellectual and social aspects of life as they affect health, illness, disability and death.

Such assistance should be provided by nursing staff in health care institutions and any other institutions, as well as at home, in other words, wherever there is a need for it.

Nursing staff- these are workers who have a medical education in the specialties of nursing, midwifery, and general medicine (paramedic qualification) and are admitted to professional activities in the prescribed manner.

The implementation of the Program will create opportunities to improve the quality of medical care by nursing specialists and resolve priority nursing issues

Main activities of nursing staff determined by the goals of nursing. Such goals include:

· helping an individual, family, group to determine and achieve physical, mental and social health and well-being in relation to their social and environmental environment;

· strengthening and maintaining health;

· maximum involvement of a person in caring for his health;

· alleviating or minimizing the negative impact of the disease on the individual;

· meeting people's needs for physical, emotional and social care in the event of ill health, infirmity or death.

Objectives of nursing development:

1. Creation of conditions for increasing the efficiency and strengthening the role of nursing personnel in the provision of medical care to the population by improving the normative legal, organizational, methodological and material and technical base of nursing activities, the use of modern and economically acceptable organizational forms and resource-saving technologies in the work of nursing personnel, ensuring quality medical care, its preventive orientation, increasing the population’s satisfaction with the medical services provided.

2. Improving the nursing management system by increasing the efficiency of using human and financial resources in healthcare and information support.

3. Improving the professional training system in accordance with the needs of the individual, the needs of the labor market in each region, the prospects for the development of healthcare and medical science through the formation of a highly qualified nursing specialist capable of making independent decisions within his competence.

4. Improving the system of remuneration for nursing specialists, taking into account the specifics of their work, the level of knowledge, abilities and skills, as well as the results of their work.

5. Ensuring management of the field of scientific activity in the field of nursing, coordinating and increasing the volume of activities to create a new generation of methodological literature for nursing specialists.

6. Development of technologies for the activities of nursing staff for the most common diseases.

7. Development and implementation of new methods of prevention, restoration of lost health, increasing the duration of a person’s active life.

8. Creation of experimental sites on the basis of medical institutions of the Russian Federation for the introduction of new nursing technologies.

9. Increasing the level of professional responsibility and competence of specialists with secondary medical education.

10. Standardization of practical activities of specialists with secondary medical education.

11. Formation of motivation of the population to lead a healthy lifestyle.

12. Increasing the share of applied research aimed at improving the nursing care system.

13. Development of research and innovation activities of nursing personnel, carrying out comprehensive research work aimed at developing the health care of the region and the country, obtaining a code for the scientific specialty “Management of Nursing Activities” in the Higher Attestation Commission of the Russian Federation.

14. Development of international cooperation in the field of nursing.

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