Department of Normal Anatomy of Rostgmu. Educational and methodical activities of the department

02.12.202027.05.2017

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100 YEARS OF THE FUNDAMENTAL ANATOMICAL MUSEUM - THE BASE OF EDUCATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF NORMAL ANATOMY ROSTGMU

Chaplygina E.V., Kaplunova O.A., Shvyrev A.A., Markevich A.V., Mukanyan S.S.

Rostov State Medical University Russia, 344022, Rostov-on-Don, per. Nakhichevan, 29 [email protected]

The article is devoted to the history of the creation and innovative activity of the fundamental museum of the Department of Normal Anatomy in modern medical education. Today, the museum, in accordance with innovations in medical education, uses modern achievements of science and information technology, replenishes with images obtained using modern methods of intravital imaging (computed tomography, spiral computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, etc.).

Key words: human anatomy, museum, education.

100 YEARS OF THE FUNDAMENTAL NORMAL ANATOMY MUSEUM OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ROSTOV STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY -THE MAIN BASE OF EDUCATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES

Chaplygina E.V., Kaplunova O.A., Shvyrev A.A., Markevich V.A., Makanjan S.S.

Rostov state medical University 29 Nakhichevansky St., Rostov-on-Don, 344022, Russia [email protected]

The article is devoted to the history and the fundamental innovation of the museum department of normal anatomy in modern medical education. Today the museum in accordance with the innovations in medical education using modern advances in science and information technology, updated images obtained with the use of modern methods of intravital imaging (computed tomography, spiral computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and others.).

Keywords: human anatomy, a museum, education.

It is impossible to overestimate the role of the fundamental museum for the work of the department of morphological profile, especially the department of anatomy. A visit to the museum raises questions among students, awakens interest in anatomy and medicine. It is here that a student, post-graduate student, a young teacher has the opportunity to see the variability of the structure of the human body, variants and anomalies of the anatomical structure of various organs and systems, which turned out to be, perhaps, an accidental find during preparation.

Practical classes in the anatomical museum of the department are necessary not only for in-depth study of the subject, but also for raising the cultural level of students, their moral and patriotic education.

The museum is a place where meetings of the scientific student anatomical society are held, where scientific reports are heard, for example, "Development and anomalies of the spinal column", "Past, present and future of a person in the skull", "Embalming methods", etc.

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The founder of the museum at the Department of Normal Anatomy was Professor Konstantin Zakharievich Yatsuta, a graduate of the St. Petersburg Military Medical Academy, who in 1917 moved to the city of Rostov-on-Don to head the Department of Normal Anatomy. The basis for the creation of the initially craniological department of the museum was a collection of skulls, which he collected for scientific research in St. Petersburg. Subsequently, the collection was replenished with skulls, where comparatively anatomical, age, sex, pathological and individual features of the skull structure, as well as anomalies, deformities and atavistic variants were presented. When giving a lecture on the topic "Morphofunctional features of the skull" lecturers must demonstrate museum preparations, clearly explaining the origin of certain anatomical features. In 1918-1920. the museum began to be replenished with drugs especially intensively, when the students Danilov S.S., Grunskaya A.P., Odnoralov N.I., Kravtsova K.F., Popov V.S., Sokolov P. A., Rogzhanyan S.A., who in the future became professors, associate professors, assistants.

K.Z. Yatsuta led the students to produce high quality museum specimens. Using methods of preparation, corrosion, enlightenment, they have made

a number of unique drugs that have survived to this day. On these preparations, students study the topography of the nerve trunks, blood vessels; variants of their discharge, anomalies of their development. In 1925-1930. the museum has replenished with such drugs as the right-sided and double aortic arch. The section of teratology has been enriched. The preparations were exhibited - one-toed, many-palate, no brain, no anterior abdominal wall, complete absence and underdevelopment of limbs, doubling of the inferior vena cava. Using the method of dioptrography (preparation followed by a layer-by-layer sketch of the organ), volumetric diascopic diagrams were made, according to which the students studied the topography (holotopy, skeletotopy and cyptopia) of internal organs.

During the Great Patriotic War, the employees of the department managed to save the most valuable preparations of the museum, hiding them in the basement and attic rooms, but many preparations were destroyed. After the end of the war, in 1947, when a student K.Z. Yatsuta, a pupil of the Rostov Medical Institute, Petr Andreevich Sokolov, resumed active work on replenishing the anatomical museum with drugs, in which both students and teachers of the department took part. The museum was soon completely restored (Fig. 1).

Figure 1. General view of the fundamental museum of the Department of Normal Anatomy of the Rostov State Medical Institute in 1965.

Since its inception in 1917, the fundamental museum of the Department of Normal Anatomy has been constantly developing not only by increasing the number of exhibits, but also structurally. The exposition of the museum under Professor P.A. Sokolov was planned according to the system principle, and later, under the guidance of professors V.V. Sokolova, A.V. Kondrasheva and E.V. Chaplygina reconstructed the following sections:

The historical section is presented with stands dedicated to the memory of Professor K.Z.

Yatsuta and Honored Scientist of the RSFSR, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor P.A. Sokolov, where portraits, personal belongings and printed works of scientists are exhibited. Emotionally colored lectures on the history of anatomy, full of interesting historical facts, read by associate professors A.V. Markevich and A.A. Shvyrevs in the museum help students in the study of the main stages of the development of anatomical science; - the section "Osteology" reflects the age, sex, individual characteristics of the

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tions, variants, anomalies and deformities in the development of the bones of the skull, trunk and limbs; the section "Myology" is represented by preparations reflecting the variants of the structure and development of the muscular system. It is here, on muscle preparations, that students have the opportunity to independently study the topography of the furrows and canals containing the neurovascular bundles, which is so necessary for future medical specialists;

the central nervous system is represented by preparations of the spinal cord and brain. For clarity, better understanding and memorization by associate professors R.F. Ryzhkov and A.A. Shcherbakova made wire diagrams of the pathways of the brain and spinal cord, where the levels of their intersection are indicated, helping students to comprehend the topography of the pathways. The peripheral nervous system is represented by preparations with branches of twelve pairs of cranial nerves and nerve plexuses. It should be noted that interns and residents who are going to become doctors-neurosurgeons or doctors-neurologists often come to the museum;

the section "Cardiovascular system" is represented by preparations from dissertation

the works of the department workers who studied the topography of the blood vessels of the heart and internal organs in health and disease, as well as in the age and comparative anatomical aspect; - the museum has a craniological section, which occupies a separate room, numbering over 280 skulls. At present, after major repairs, the anatomical museum looks modern (Fig. 2), but nevertheless, preparations made in previous years are carefully preserved and restored in it.

A separate showcase has been designed for students of the Faculty of Dentistry, which demonstrates preparations reflecting the developmental features, structure of the jaws and teeth, variants of bites and their anomalies, the structure and blood supply of the tongue, salivary glands, preparations with a congenital cleft of the palate and upper lip, buttresses and trajectories of the jaws.

Two new craniological showcases show age, sex and individual features of the skulls, anomalies in the development of individual bones of the skull and the skull as a whole. Demonstrated are pathologically altered skulls, as well as ritual deformations and trepanation holes from burial mounds.

Figure 2. General view of the fundamental museum of the Department of Normal Anatomy of the Rostov State

medical University in 2017.

The anthropological department of the museum is represented by dummies of the bones of the skull and limbs of human ancestors. The museum also contains priceless preparations, two Egyptian mummies (Fig. 3) of an adult and a child, exhibited in special glass sarcophagi, sent from Cairo by a student of Professor K.Z. Yatsuta at the Military Medical Academy, Dr. B.V. Bulgakov. These mummies are already about 4 thousand years old.

Of particular interest is the new showcase with preparations made in 1935-1939. Professor A.R. Khanamirov and restored by associate professor A.A. Shvyrev. These preparations reflect the anatomical variability of the subclavian artery and its branches. A stand dedicated to N.I. Pirogov, showcases with death masks, with corrosive preparations.

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Figure 3. Students at the sarcophagus with an Egyptian mummy.

In the 1980s, an X-ray anatomical section was equipped in the museum of the department, X-ray images were selected for all sections of anatomy. Today in medicine, methods of radiation diagnostics are becoming more and more widespread, opening up new possibilities for anatomists. In this regard, the words of the founder of functional

noah anatomy P.F. Lesgaft that "anatomy must first of all be studied on the living ...".

Two new stands under the general name "Radial Anatomy" (Fig. 4) allow already in the first years to see the relationship of anatomical and clinical research methods, the importance of anatomical knowledge for subsequent work.

Figure 4. Radial anatomy stands.

Currently, the museum, in accordance with innovations in medical education, is replenished with new images obtained using modern methods of intravital imaging based on ultrasound technology.

gia, as well as computed, magnetic resonance imaging, etc.

In the museum of the department, in addition to planned training sessions with students of the medical university, meetings of the student scientific circle

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department of normal anatomy, the university website has the opportunity to conduct vocational guidance work with students, a virtual tour of the anatomical classes of schools and lyceums. At the official museum.

LITERATURE

1. Chaplygina E.V., Markevich A.V., Kaplunova O.A., Shvyrev A.A. Fundamental Museum of the Department of Normal Anatomy of the Medical University (1917-2012). Morphology. 2012; 142 (6): 94-96.

2. Chaplygina E.V., Markevich A.V., Kaplunova O.A., Shvyrev A.A. Anatomical Museum as the Foundation of Educational Activities of the Department of Normal Anatomy of Rostov State Medical University Issues of international cooperation in the education of the Southern region. 2012; 1: 11-13.

3. Sokolov V.V., Markevich A.V. In memory of Honored Scientist, Professor Petr Andreevich Sokolov (on the centenary of his birth). Functional morphology and clinical medicine. Rostov-on-Don, 2000; 5-9.

4. Markevich A.V., Kaplunova O.A., Kondrashev A.V. Department of Human Anatomy 1869-2009 Rostov-on-Don: GOU VPO RostGMU Roszdrav, 2009.

5. Sokolov V.V., Kondrashev A.V., Kaplunova O.A. On the history of the Department of Normal Anatomy of the Rostov State Medical University. Summit of normal anatomists of Ukraine and Russia, dedicated to the year of Russia in Ukraine. Ternopsh. 2003; 320-328.

6. Sokolov P.A. Department of Normal Anatomy at Higher Educational Institutions in Warsaw and Rostov-on-Don. Rostov-on-Don: RGMI, 1970.

7. Sokolov V.V., Markevich A.V., Kaplunova O.A. 80 years of the Department of Normal Anatomy of the Rostov Medical University. Morphology. 1997; 112 (4): 116-119.

8. Sokolov V.V., Markevich A.V., Yatsenko Yu.F. Petr Andreevich Sokolov (on the occasion of his 100th birthday). Morphology. 2001; 119 (2): 83.

Derizhanova Irina Sergeevna - doctor of medical sciences, professor, doctor of the highest category.

Born on August 8, 1937 in Smolensk. In 1960 she graduated with honors from the Rostov State Medical Institute and worked as a pathologist in Kamensk, Rostov Region. From 1962 to the present, she has been working in Rostov State Medical University (sequentially holding the posts of dissector of the pathological department of the clinics of the Russian State Medical University, assistant, associate professor of the department of pathological anatomy), since 1990 - head of the department of pathological anatomy. In 1966 she defended her Ph.D., in 1979 - her doctoral dissertation. The main scientific directions - morphological characteristics, morphogenesis and diagnosis of precancerous conditions; the role of cells of the diffuse endocrine system in tumor growth; questions of gastroenterology; pathology of organs and systems in liquidators of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident in 1986, history of medicine. IS Derizhanova - highly qualified pathologist, author of over 350 scientific papers, among them - 3 monographs, 70 articles in peer-reviewed journals, 1 patent, 17 teaching aids; executive editor of 24 collections of scientific works of students and young specialists of Rostov State Medical University. The monograph "Tumors of the Diffuse Endocrine System - Carcinoids" was awarded in 1993 as the best work on pathological anatomy in Russia by the Prize of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. Academician A.I. Abrikosov. For achievements in the development of pathological anatomy, she was awarded the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation with the badge "Excellence in Public Health", the European Academy of Natural Sciences - a medal and a diploma named after V.I. R. Virkhova, Derizhanova Irina Sergeevna - scientific advisor and consultant for 4 doctoral and 25 candidate dissertations, chairman of the Rostov Society of Pathologists, member of the Board of the All-Russian Society of Pathologists, member of the European Society of Pathologists, the International Academy of Pathology. She is also a member of the editorial board of the journal "Archive of Pathology", a problem educational and methodological commission on pathological anatomy at the Department of Research and Educational Medical Institutions of the Ministry of Health of Russia, for many years she was the chairman of the certification subcommittees of pathologists, forensic experts and laboratory doctors of the Southern Federal District and Rostov area. For 25 years she was the scientific director of the youth scientific society Rost of the State Medical University, she was awarded the badge of the Ministry of Higher Education of the Russian Federation "For success in the research work of students." The chief freelance pathologist of the Southern Federal District, since 2012, a member of the profile commission of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, specializing in pathological anatomy. Among the students of I. S. Derizhanova - heads of pathological departments of medical institutions of the city and region, pathologists of Syria and Nicaragua. In 2012. Elected as an expert of the National Public Chamber, specializing in pathological anatomy.

Nepomnyashchaya Evgenia Markovna - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Pathological Department of the Russian Research Oncological Institute.

Voloshin Vladimir Viktorovich - candidate of medical sciences, associate professor of the department, head of the educational unit.

Pasechnik Dmitry Gennadievich - Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Member of the European Society of Pathologists, Head of the Pathological Department of the Regional Clinical Hospital No. 2

Golovitsky Viktor Fedorovich - assistant of the department. Viktor Fedorovich entered the Russian State Medical University in 1997. and successfully completed it in 2003 with a degree in general medicine, in 2003-06 he was trained in postgraduate studies in pathological anatomy at the corresponding department of Rostov State Medical University. She is a co-author of 12 scientific articles on the topic of dissertation research. From 2004 to the present, she is an assistant at the Department of Pathological Anatomy of Rostov State Medical University, as well as a curator of a group of 3rd year students of the Pediatric Faculty.

Deribas Victoria Yurievna - assistant of the department. Born in 1978, in 2002 she graduated from the Rostov State Medical University with a degree in pediatrics. From 2003 to 2005 she studied in residency in the specialty of pathological anatomy. Since September 1, 2005 she has been working at the Department of Pathological Anatomy as an assistant, since November 2005 she has been enrolled in the prosectura of the Rostov State Medical University clinic as a part-time pathologist. In 2008, she took advanced training courses in pathological anatomy cycle "Oncohematology" at the Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow. Has II qualification category. She has established herself as a responsible employee, a good teacher, actively participates in the educational and methodological work of the department, conducts classes and reads selected lectures in English, is engaged in scientific work. He is the secretary of the commission for the study of lethal outcomes of the clinic of Rostov State Medical University, secretary of the department conferences. The main directions of scientific and practical activities: Gastroesophageal reflux disease, based on the materials of endoscopic biopsies, pregnancy pathology.

Kazmin Andrey Sergeevich - assistant of the department, curator of the SNK of pathological anatomy

Solovieva Nadezhda Aleksandrovna - assistant of the department, born in 1980, graduated from the medical faculty of Rostov State Medical University in 2008. In 2008 - 2010 studied in residency at the Department of Pathological Anatomy. Research interests - gastrointestinal tract pathology. He is currently actively writing a dissertation.

Kolomiytsev Alexey Konstantinovich - candidate of medical sciences, assistant of the department

Yashchinsky Leonid Borisovich - assistant of the department. Graduated from Rostov Medical Institute in 1985. 1985-1986. completed an internship in pathological anatomy at the Central City Hospital, where he continued his work in the future. Since 1989 - assistant at the Department of Pathological Anatomy. In 1990, he was the first in our region to head the department of infectious pathology of the regional pathoanatomical bureau, performed autopsies of those who died from HIV infections, anthrax , rabies, leptospirosis, malaria, diphtheria, salmonellosis, dysentery. He developed a comprehensive method of postmortem diagnosis of HIV infection, performed more than 100 autopsies, the results of which were analyzed and together with prof. Derizhanova I.S. were reported at the congress of pathologists of Russia in 1990. Since 2009, he has been the head of the department of general pathology and biopsy studies of the branch of the pathoanatomical bureau in Rostov-on-Don. Annually conducts up to 30,000 examinations of surgical and biopsy material. He pays the greatest interest to the issues of oncomorphology, experimental studies of bone tissue regeneration using grafts in the conditions of modeling traumatic fractures. Has over 50 publications.

Gusarev Sergey Aleksandrovich - candidate of medical sciences, assistant of the department. Born on January 1, 1959 in Dneprodzerzhinsk; graduated from the medical and preventive faculty of the Rostov State Medical Institute in 1982; Candidate of Medical Sciences; pathologist of the highest qualification category; Assistant of the Department of Pathological Anatomy, Rostov State Medical University; head of the infectious diseases department at the Rostov branch of the Rostov regional pathoanatomical bureau; author of more than 50 scientific publications devoted to oncology, infectious pathology, vascular diseases. Together with professor Nepomnyashchey E.M. is a co-author of a monograph published on the basis of his own dissertation on the morphological characteristics of primary and metastatic liver tumors.

Gavrilova Marina Anatolyevna - assistant of the department

Karnaukhov Nikolay Sergeevich - assistant of the department

Atoyan Kaprel Andreevich - assistant of the department

annotation scientific article on history and archeology, the author of the scientific work - Markevich A.V., Kaplunova O.A.

Text of scientific work on the topic "140 years of the Department of Normal Anatomy of the Rostov State Medical University"

UDC 611 (059)

A.V. Markevich, O.A. Kaplunova

140 YEARS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF NORMAL ANATOMY, ROSTOV STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

Rostov State Medical University, Department of Normal Anatomy, Russia, 344022, Rostov-on-Don, per. Nakhichevansky, 29. E-mail: kaplunova @ bk.ru

Scientific research of the department staff for 140 years is varied and numerous. They are devoted to issues of ethnic and integrative anthropology, the study of variants and anomalies in various systems of human organs, the study of the cardiovascular and nervous systems in the age aspect and in pathology, issues of anatomical and anthropological technology, comparative and veterinary anatomy. Over the 140-year period of the Department of Normal Anatomy, its employees have published more than 2000 scientific works, 23 monographs. Teachers took part in writing 16 textbooks, atlases, dictionaries and 83 teaching aids and guidelines for students. During this period, the staff completed 27 doctoral and 76 master's theses under the guidance of the heads of the department. The staff of the department actively participated in the work of the forums of morphologists and clinicians. A rather authoritative Rostov school of anatomists was formed, whose representatives headed anatomical departments in 14 cities of Russia and abroad. The department brought up numerous students who expanded and multiplied the achievements of the Rostov anatomical school.

A.V. Markevich, O.A. Kaplunova

140 YEARS TO FACULTY OF NORMAL ANATOMY ROSTOV STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

Rostov State Medical University, Department of Normal Anatomy, 29 Nakhichevansky st., Rostov-on-Don, 344022, Russia. E-mail: kaplunova @ bk.ru

Scientific researches of employees of faculty for 140 years are various and numerous, they are devoted to questions ethnic and integrative anthropology, studying of variants and anomalies in various systems of bodies of the person, to studying of cardiovascular and nervous systems in age aspect and at a pathology, to questions of anatomic and anthropological technics, comparative and veterinary anatomy. For the 140-years period of work of the Rostov faculty of normal anatomy by its employees it has been published more than 2000 scientific works, 23 monographies, they took part in a writing of 16 textbooks, atlases, dictionaries and 83 manuals and methodical recommendations for students. Under direction of its managers for this period employees had been executed 27 doctor "s and 76 master" s theses. Employees of faculty actively participated in work of forums anatomists and clinical physicians. Authoritative enough Rostov school of anatomists which representatives supervised over anatomic faculties in 14 cities of Russia and abroad was generated. On faculty numerous pupils who expanded have been brought up and multiplied achievements of the Rostov anatomic school.

The history of the Department of Normal Anatomy, like the history of Rostov State Medical University, has two periods: Warsaw and Rostov, for the pedigree of our university begins with the II Imperial Warsaw University.

The first Royal University of Warsaw with teaching in Polish, formed on the basis of the Warsaw Medical School, existed for only 13 years, from 1818 to 1831, and was closed due to the small number of students - only 159 people studied in all five courses.

After the closure of the first university in Warsaw, there were no higher medical institutions for 26 years. And only in 1887, based on the urgent need for

doctors, the Medical-Surgical Academy was opened, which as a medical faculty in 1862 merged with the "Main School" of Warsaw.

It was on the basis of this "Main School" through the efforts of Emperor Alexander II, pursuant to his decree of June 8, 1869, on October 12, 1869, the university was opened, which became known as the II Imperial Warsaw University with teaching in Russian. The Warsaw period of the Department of Normal Anatomy begins with this university. The building of the anatomy department of the "Main School" was transferred to the II Imperial University of Warsaw. There was a museum on the upper floor, and sectional rooms on the lower floor. Students studied anatomy in their first and second years. The teaching was carried out "theoretically and practically".

The first professor of the department of "anatomy of a healthy person" (as the department was originally called) was the doctor of medicine, professor at the University of Paris Ludovik Girshevich Girshfeld (1814-1876).

Ludovik Girshevich Hirschfeld previously headed the Department of Anatomy at the Warsaw Medical-Surgical Academy, then at the "Main School", and from 1869 to 1875 at the II Imperial University of Warsaw.

L.G. Hirschfeld published in French a work on the structure of the nervous system and sense organs, illustrations from which are still used in domestic and foreign textbooks. From other works of L.G. Hirschfeld, it should be noted a guide to anatomy in four volumes in Polish and Russian - "Historical sketch of anatomy and a view of its relationship to some other sciences."

It was L.G. Hirschfeld drew up an anatomy teaching program, which shows that students studied anatomy in the first and second years. On the first - "theoretical" course, lectures were read on previously prepared preparations. At the end of the first year students took exams. In the second - "practical" course - the students themselves dissected and demonstrated their preparations to the professor. This "defense" of drugs replaced the exam. Under the leadership of L.G. Girshfeld, S.N. Yashchinsky was prepared for professorship, M.G. Piltsitsky - professors of anatomists.

After L.G. Girshfeld's retirement in 1875, the leadership of the Department of Anatomy passed to Mikhail Dmitrievich Chausov (1839-1903) - Professor of the Department of Normal (Descriptive) Anatomy. So the department began to be called. Mikhail Dmitrievich Chausov - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Honored Professor, headed the department from 1875 to 1903.

M.D. Chausov was born in the Smolensk province. He received his medical education at the St. Petersburg Medical-Surgical Academy. In 1869, after defending his doctoral dissertation "On the organization of a blood clot in a ligature of a vessel", he improved his surgery in the clinics of Austria-Hungary, England, Germany and France. He worked as a surgeon in the Franco-Prussian war. In 1872 he was elected assistant professor of the Department of Operative Surgery and Surgical Anatomy of the University of Warsaw, in 1876 - extraordinary, in 1881 - an ordinary and honored professor of the Department of Normal (Descriptive) Anatomy.

Scientific works of M.D. Chausov were devoted to the issues of topographic anatomy. The structural features of the human body were illuminated by him in the aspect of onto- and phylogenesis in connection with the function and in the context of their practical use.

M.D. Chausov was the chairman of the Russian Scientific Medical Society in Warsaw, editor of the journal "Warsaw University News", a member of the Society of Natural Science Lovers at Moscow University, dean of the Faculty of Medicine at Warsaw University.

Under M.D. Chausove was opened a new anatomical building with a large light auditorium for 300 seats, preparation rooms with 12 marble tables. The museum of the department was significantly replenished with drugs in all sections of anatomy. A special collection consisted of lecture preparations. Lectures by M.D. Chausovs were interesting and modern, which attracted numerous listeners, although attending lectures was not mandatory.

After the death of M.D. Chausov (at the end of 1903), before the arrival of the new head in Warsaw, temporarily part-time from 1903 to 1905. the Department of Normal Anatomy was headed by Semyon Nikanorovich Yashchinsky, Professor of the Department of Operative Surgery and Surgical Anatomy of Warsaw University. Semyon Nikanorovich Yashchinsky, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Honored Professor, temporarily combined the head of the Department of Topographic Anatomy and the Department of Normal Anatomy in 1903-1905, 1912-1913, 1916-1917.

Semyon Nikanorovich Yashchinsky (1855-1920) - graduate of Warsaw University, student of M.D. Chausov, who worked as a dissector for him. For several years (1886, 1892-1894), he trained in anatomy and operative surgery at the universities of Berlin, London, Vienna, Paris.

Under the leadership of M.D. Chausov, he completed his doctoral dissertation "The deviations of ayepae oyshratae and their relation to the femoral ring and hernia" (Warsaw, 1890). In 1900 he was elected extraordinary, in 1904 - ordinary, and in 1912 - Honored Professor of the Department of Surgical Anatomy and Operative Surgery, where he worked until 1915 in Warsaw, and then until 1920 at the Don University. The most important scientific works of S.N. Yashchinsky relate to the topographic anatomy of the groin and inguinal hernias, topography and surgery of the arterial trunks, and anthropology.

S.N. For a number of years Yashchinsky was the dean of the medical faculty and the vice-rector of the university both in Warsaw and in Rostov-on-Don, where he was evacuated together with the University of Warsaw.

In 1906, Doctor of Medicine, Professor Mikhail Terentyevich Tikhonov, a graduate of the St. Petersburg Military Medical Academy, was elected head of the Department of Descriptive Anatomy.

Mikhail Terentyevich Tikhonov was born in 1863. He graduated from the St. Petersburg Military Medical Academy in 1888 and was enrolled as an assistant in the Department of Normal Anatomy. In the military medical academy, under the guidance of his teachers, professors A.I. Tarenetsky and I.E. Shavlovsky M.T. Tikhonov completed his doctoral dissertation on the topic "On the growth energy of the limbs and the spinal column up to 14 years of age" (1894) and a number of works on anatomical technique. Being in 1901-1904. Professor of Anatomy at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, M.T. Tikhonov published in 1906 his main work "A Guide to Plastic Anatomy", which is still the main manual for artists.

Head of the Department of Normal Anatomy at the University of Warsaw M.T. Tikhonov carried out from 1906 to 1912. Then he returned to St. Petersburg and became head of the department of anatomy at the Institute of Physical Culture. P.F. Lesgaft.

Before arriving in Warsaw, M.T. Tikhonov and after his departure to Petersburg, the temporary leadership of the Department of Normal Anatomy was performed by Professor of the Department of Operative Surgery and Surgical Anatomy S.N. Yashchinsky.

Since the second half of 1913, a graduate of Kazan University, a student of V.N. Tonkova, prof. Nikolai Dmitrievich Bushmakin, who was the last head of the department of normal anato-

missions at the II Imperial University of Warsaw. Then he, together with the University of Warsaw, moved to Rostov-on-Don, where he took part in the equipment and organization of the educational process at the Department of Normal Anatomy of the Medical Faculty of the Don University.

So, consecutively, the Department of Normal Anatomy at the University of Warsaw was headed by:

1.Ludovik Girshevich Hirschfeld (1869-1875)

2.Mikhail Dmitrievich Chausov (1875-1903)

3. Semyon Nikanorovich Yashchinsky (1903-1905)

4. Mikhail Terentievich Tikhonov (1906-1912)

5. Semyon Nikanorovich Yashchinsky (1912-1913)

6. Nikolay Dmitrievich Bushmakin (1913-1915)

In 1915, in connection with the events of the First World War (1914-1918), Warsaw University was to be evacuated to one of the cities of Russia. On August 10, 1915, at an extraordinary meeting of the Rostov City Duma, a fateful decision was made: "To give shelter to the entire Warsaw University in Rostov-on-Don."

On May 5, 1917, Warsaw University was abolished, and on July 1, 1917, the Don State University was established on its basis. In 1921, the Women's Medical Institute, which existed separately in Rostov, was merged with the Faculty of Medicine of the Don University. In 1925 the Don University was renamed into the North Caucasus State University.

In 1930, the North Caucasus University was reorganized, and the Rostov State Medical Institute (RGMI) was established on the basis of its medical faculty.

For merits in the training of highly qualified personnel for the USSR, countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America, in the development of medical science and practical health care, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR No. 2752 dated August 22, 1980, the institute was awarded the Order of Friendship of Peoples and became known as RODNMI (Rostov Order of Friendship of Peoples Medical Institute).

In 1994, the institute was renamed into Rostov State Medical University (Rostov State Medical University).

The premises of the former Nikolaev city hospital became the original home of the medical faculty of Don University. The Department of Normal Anatomy was located on the territory of the former Nikolaev city hospital in a small room - in most of the first floor of the two-story building, which now houses the main building of the department.

The first head of the Department of Normal Anatomy of the Don University from 1915 to 1916 was Professor, Doctor of Medicine Nikolai Dmitrievich Bushmakin.

Nikolai Dmitrievich Bushmakin (1875-1936) was born in the town of Chistopol, Kazan province. He received his higher medical education at Kazan University, from which he graduated in 1899. For 3 years after graduation, he worked as a district doctor in the Kazan province, and during the Russian-Japanese war of 1903-1905. - doctor of border guards in Manchuria. Only in 1906, after demobilization, he began his scientific and teaching work at the Department of Normal Anatomy of Kazan University, first as an assistant dissector, then as a dissector. Under the guidance of his teacher prof. V.N. Tonkova performed

and defended his doctoral dissertation "The lymph glands of the armpit and their nutrition" in 1910. The first lines of this work sounded like this: "In memory of those unknown, on whose corpses we learn."

In 1913 N.D. Bushmakin was elected head of the Department of Normal Anatomy at the University of Warsaw. N. D. Bushmakin stayed in Warsaw for about two years, in 1915 he moved from Warsaw University to Rostov-on-Don, and then took part in the organization of departments and headed the departments of anatomy in Kazan (1916), Irkutsk (1918), Khabarovsk (1930 ), in the medical school at the hospital. Mechnikov in Leningrad (1932). From 1920 to 1929 N. D. Bushmakin is the rector of Irkutsk University.

N. D. Bushmakin was not only a wonderful organizer, but also an excellent lecturer. A.A. Zavarzin, remembering N.D. Bushmakina, notes (1937) that “Nikolai Dmitrievich was the favorite of the students. The warmest, deepest impressions remain with the audience both about his personality and about his lectures. His lectures attracted not only students; many scientists regularly traveled to the remote Mechnikovsky hospital to listen to his lecture, and they always found in it what they were looking for: a broad coverage of the subject and an incentive to further develop it. "

Here is how Prof. Bushmakina, his former student at the University of Irkutsk, the famous surgeon, Professor F. Uglov ("The Heart of a Surgeon"): "It would seem a boring discipline of anatomy, and at the lectures of Professor Bushmakin, which he read for us, graduate students and even doctors came ... And there was such a feeling: the audience is cramped, the apple has nowhere to fall, you can't move your elbows - they are so squeezed from all sides, someone else is breathing hotly in the back of the head - there is a lecture by Professor Bushmakin ... ”.

He died on October 6, 1936. In an obituary signed by A.A. Zavarzin, it was said: "In the full bloom of forces, a prominent scientist left the scene, who with selfless dedication carried into our great era, generously scattering the best traditions and experience of the past on his way."

From 1916 to 1917 for the third time, already in Rostov-on-Don, the Department of Normal Anatomy is headed concurrently by S.N. Yashchinsky.

In 1917, a professor, a graduate of the Military Medical Academy Konstantin Zakharievich Yatsuta (1876-1953) came to head the department from St. Petersburg. The creation of the Rostov anatomical school, the scientific society of anatomists and anthropologists, the museum of the department, the morphological student circle is associated with his name. Konstantin Zakharievich Yatsuta - Doctor of Medicine and Doctor of Biological Sciences, professor, head of the department from 1917 to 1942.

K.Z. Yatsuta was born in the village of Lokhavitsa, Poltava province in 1876. In 1895 he graduated from high school in Belgorod. In 1901 he graduated from the Military Medical Academy in St. Petersburg and was left as an assistant at the Department of Normal Anatomy, from that time his scientific and pedagogical activity began. In the fall of 1902, his first scientific work was published - "The Case of the Absence of Epitrochleae Humeri". It was followed by a number of other scientific reports.

In 1905, at the St. Petersburg Military Medical Academy under the guidance of Professor I.E. Shavlovsky K.Z. Yatsuta completed his doctoral dissertation on the topic "To the anatomy of arteriae meningeae mediae in humans and mammals (comparative anatomical study)." In the same year, it was published in the form of a monograph.

In 1905 K.Z. Yatsuta was approved as a dissector at the Anatomical Institute of the Military Medical Academy, and in 1912 as a privat-docent. In 1915 Yatsuta became professor of anatomy and anthropology at the Psychoneurological Institute of St. Petersburg.

From 1907 to 1912 K.Z. Yatsuta received the scholarship of Professor V.L. Gruber to visit the anatomical institutes of Western Europe, where he got acquainted with the educational and scientific work of the anatomical departments in 30 universities in Austria, Germany, France and Switzerland. He paid special attention to the institutions of Berlin, Göttingen, Basel and Zurich, where he used personal

with advice and guidance from world renowned scientists - professors Waldeyer, Merkel, Kohlman, Ruge and Martin (anthropology).

From 1909 until departure to Rostov-on-Don K.Z. Yatsuta also headed the anthropological department of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, which developed on the basis of the Kunstkamera of Peter I. In 1913, he temporarily headed the department of anatomy of the Military Medical Academy in St. Petersburg, in 1915-1916. - Department of Anatomy of the 2nd Leningrad Medical Institute. On April 22, 1917, Konstantin Zakharievich was approved as a professor by the Ministry of Public Education, specializing in Anatomy. From 1917 to 1942 Head of the Department of Normal Anatomy of the Medical Institute in Rostov-on-Don. In 1920 K.Z. Yatsute is assigned to temporarily serve as the dean of the medical faculty of Don State University.

Figure: 1. Employees of the Department of Normal Anatomy in the Museum (from left to right): S.S. Danilov, S.A. Rodzhanyan, P.A. Sokolov, A.K. Lotoshnikov, K.Z. Yatsuta, K.G. Christmas,

A.R. Khanamirov, V.S. Popov (1920)

On September 15, 1921, Konstantin Zakharievich organized the Society of Anatomy and Anthropology (of which he was chairman until 1941) and the Charter of the Don Society of Anatomy and Anthropology at Don University was presented to the Council of the Faculty of Medicine. Prof. K.R. Miram, secretaries - N.I. Anserov and K.G. Rozhdestvensky, treasurer - G.M. Lukyanov. Honorary members of the Society were such prominent anatomists as prof. Adakhi, prof. V.P. Vorobiev, prof. P.I. Karu-zin, prof. A.A. Krasusskaya, Prof. V. N. Tonkov, prof. V.N. Shevkunenko.

Konstantin Zakharievich was a member of not only Russian, but also foreign anatomical and anthropological societies, including three French, two German and one English. Since 1923 K.Z. Yatsuta was a member of the German Society of Anatomy, from 1927 - a member

Society for Physical Anthropology, since 1926 - a member of the Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland.

At the department K.Z. Yatsuta paid great attention to the educational process. Anatomy was studied for 4 semesters. There were given 2 corpses (male and female) for each group with obligatory preparation of the brain, eye, ear. Lectures were delivered 4 hours a week. Only students who attended all classes were allowed to test. Those who missed at least one demonstration were not admitted to the tests. Additional classes were held at a specific time. After the indicated period, offsets were not accepted.

On March 24, 1924, on the initiative and under the personal leadership of K.Z. Yatsuta organized a student morphological circle. This year the student anatomical circle turned 85 years old. The work of the circle was mainly carried out on anthropometry and comparative anatomy. Research activity especially

increased during the summer student holidays, when students went on scientific expeditions. The charter of the circle was developed. The best student works were published in the works "Bulletin of the Society of Anatomy and Anthropology" at the North Caucasus State University.

In 1924 K.Z. Yatsuta, as one of the leading Soviet anatomists, was a member of a special expert commission to check the embalming of V.I. Lenin. The chairman of the expert commission was N.A. Semashko, and members, in addition to K.Z. Yatsuta, included professors A.A. Deshin, P.P. Dyakonov, P.I. Karuzin and V.N. Tonkov.

In 1936 K.Z. Yatsuta received his doctorate in biological sciences in Moscow.

From April 1942 to April 1944, Yatsuta lived in a camp for displaced persons, first near Breslau, then in Vienna. From April 1944 he worked at the Anatomical Institute of Vienna as a scientific assistant. In April 1945 he lived in a camp in Upper Bavaria, then in a private apartment with Dr. Weingart (MetdaL), worked as a practicing physician for the Russian committee and the Orthodox community. He died in 1953 in Argentina.

The works of Professor K.Z. Yatsuts (more than 300, of which 3 monographs, 5 textbooks, preparation guides) can be divided into pedagogical (textbooks, lectures), morphological, comparative anatomical, topographic anatomical, embryological, technical (the author of the craniostat, widely used the dioptrographic method research), casuistic and anthropological. In 1913 and 1916. he published a short textbook on human anatomy for nursing staff, in 1920 - a tutor-mind on descriptive anatomy, in 1923 - a manual for the preparation of muscles, joints and viscera.

Scientific research of the department staff during this period was devoted to the issues of ethnic and anatomical anthropology, the study of deformities, variants and anomalies of various human systems and organs, issues of anatomical and anthropological technology, comparative and veterinary anatomy.

The intensive development of the Department of Normal Anatomy began in the 20s. The teaching staff has been significantly enlarged. In 1920-1921. at the Department of Anatomy worked N.I. Anserov, I.M. Ivanov, E.A. Melikhova, A.P. Pozhariskaya, K.G. Rozhdestvensky, B.G. Turkevich, R.B. Helmer-Feinsilberg, N.P. Khosudovskaya, E.I. Tarakanov, E.I. Torshinsky, A.K. Lotoshnikov and A.R. Khanamirov.

In the thirties, the teaching staff of the department changed significantly. As S.S. Danilova, V.S. Popova, N.N. Odnoralova, P.A. Sokolova, A.R. Khanamirova, A.K. Lotoshnikova, I.M. Ivanov, the staff of the department was replenished with other employees: N.S. Popov, A.M. Groshev, A.V. Lerhe, N.G. Isaev, G.O. Kashaev, A.G. Sakovich, I.I. Shapovalov, G.V. Roja-nyan, I.A. Uzunov.

During this period, M.S. Gracheva (future professor of the department of the 1st Moscow Medical Institute), V.A. Belyansky (future associate professor of the Department of Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery of the Kuibyshev Medical Institute), N.G. Sobolenko and V.R. Levin (from 1936), G.B. Anserov (from 1939).

In the middle of 1941, in connection with the outbreak of World War II and the occupation of Rostov-on-Don by the German

by the fascist army, the Rostov Medical Institute was evacuated to the city of Kuibyshev, and then to the city of Ordzhonikidze. The institute returned from Ordzhonikidze to Rostov-on-Don in 1943 and began organizing the work of departments mainly on the territory of the clinical campus, most of whose buildings were still occupied by military hospitals of the Soviet army; the premises of the Department of Normal Anatomy were also partially occupied by them.

From 1943 to 1947 The duties of the head of the department were performed by Candidate of Medical Sciences Associate Professor Sergei Artemovich (Sarkis Arutyunovich) Rodzhanyan-Martirosyan (1899-1974).

Rodzhanyan S.A. was born on November 20, 1899 in Rostov-on-Don. After studying at the gymnasium in 1919, he entered the medical faculty of the Don University, which he graduated in 1924 and was enrolled in the staff of the Department of Normal Anatomy as a researcher. From 1926 to 1929 S.A. Rodzhanyan - post-graduate student of the department, from 1929 to 1941 - assistant. In 1933, on the occasion of the Day of the Drummer, he was awarded a diploma and a cash prize for the invention of the embalming apparatus. In 1941 he defended his Ph.D. thesis (Rogzhanyan-Martirosyan S.A. Innervation of the skin of the rear of the foot: Diss .... Candidate of Medical Sciences Rostov-on-Don, 1941) and received the position of assistant professor. During the occupation of Rostov-on-Don by the German army in 1942 S.A. Rodzhanyan went to work at Soviet Hospital No. 4 as a doctor in the orthopedic department serving the Russian civilian population. In February 1943, with the arrival of the Red Army in Rostov-on-Don, the hospital became an officer's hospital, in the staff of which Sergei Artemovich was left, and then transferred to the evacuation hospital as the head of the physiotherapy department. On November 1 of the same year, he was recalled to the Rostov State Medical Institute, which returned from evacuation, to the post of acting. Head of the Department of Normal Anatomy (in charge until 1947).

Work began on the organization of departments on the territory of the clinical campus. During this difficult period S.A. Rojanyan was busy restoring the educational process and repairing the department, which was almost completely destroyed. Educational, scientific equipment and the museum have fallen into disrepair. The destruction of the pulpit during the German occupation was so severe that it had to be rebuilt over several years. On December 21, 1944, after a three-year hiatus, the work of the Society of Anatomy and Anthropology resumed, the chairman of which was Sergei Artemovich until 1947. At this time, the assistants of A.P. were working with Sergei Artemovich. Grunskaya, A.V. Lerhe, E.A. Melikhova, G.V. Rodzhanyan, I.A. Uzunova, A.A. Shcherbakov. Soon, for various reasons, they left the work at the medical institute A.V. Lerhe, G.V. Rodzhanyan and I.A. Uzunov. In 1945, A.M. Groshev, was enrolled in the staff as assistant T.F. Ryzhkov.

In 1957 S.A. Rodzhanyan completed (but did not defend) his doctoral dissertation (Rodzhanyan - Martirosyan S.A. Comparative morphology of the saphenous nerves of the dorsum of the foot in some mammals and humans: Dis .... Doctor of Medical Sciences / Rodzhanyan - Martirosyan S.A. - Rostov- on-Don, 1957).

S.A. Rodzhanyan was constantly engaged in scientific work: he studied the nervous system of the limbs, blood supply to the kidneys, anomalies in the development of organs and systems,

i did anthropometric, comparative anatomical studies. One of his last works, devoted to the study of renal veins, has not lost its relevance today. In total, the scientist published over 30 works. During his work at the department, he designed and built a cremation oven, embalming and maceration apparatus. Sergei Artemovich also dealt with the issues of fixing the brain with the preservation of its shape.

Sergey Artyomovich was an excellent lecturer and teacher, with great generosity he gave his knowledge and experience to young people. He was a man of an encyclopedic mindset, great erudition, he could get answers to many questions about anatomy, medicine and other branches of knowledge. Sergey Artemovich enjoyed great respect and love in the team. Everyone listened to his opinion, advice and criticism. He was awarded the medal "For the victory over Germany in the Second World War 1941-1945".

From 1947 to 1975, the department was headed by the Honored Scientist of the RSFSR, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Honorary Member of the All-Union and All-Russian Scientific Societies of the AGE, Professor Peter Andreevich Sokolov (1900-1982).

This name is well known to teachers and students of the Russian State Medical Institute in the fifties and eighties. Strict, unhurried, self-possessed, demanding, laconic, correct, speaking in a quiet, calm voice, he evoked respect for himself and a reverent attitude towards the subject he taught. “Anatomy is a tree, the roots of which go back to comparative anatomy and embryology, and the branches give way to practical medicine,” Pyotr Andreevich liked to repeat in his lectures. He actively defended the fundamental nature and significance of the subject for medicine, spoke of the need for "deep knowledge of the structure of the most complex organism - man."

Petr Andreevich Sokolov was born on January 22, 1900 in the city of Azov, Rostov Region. He also graduated from high school there with a silver medal and in 1917 entered the Physics and Mathematics Department of Don University. After studying for one year, in 1918 he switched to

1st year medical faculty. From May 1919 to February 1920 he served on mobilization as a brother of mercy in the infirmary №7 of the All-Russian Zemsky Union in the city of Azov. After the occupation by the Red Army of the city of Azov, he remained at work in the same infirmary, redesigned into a military hospital, in the position of a medical assistant until May 10, 1920. Then he worked as a medical assistant of a rifle regiment and an assistant to the head of a brigade pharmacy

2nd Don Division. On August 24, 1920 he was demobilized to continue his studies at a higher school. As a student of the Faculty of Medicine, he is fond of anatomy and from 1921 until the end of his studies he worked as a preparator-demonstrator of the Department of Normal Anatomy, led by prof. K.Z. Yatsutoy. In 1923, after graduating from the university, Petr Andreevich was offered the position of a researcher at the Department of Normal Anatomy, and in 1926 he was elected to the post of assistant of this department, which he held until 1933. In February 1933, P.A. Sokolov was confirmed in the post Associate Professor of the Department of Anatomy of the Faculty of Maternity and Infancy Protection of the Rostov Medical Institute, which was established in 1930 as an independent educational institution. In February 1926

he is elected secretary and treasurer of the Society of Anatomy and Anthropology. From 1928 to 1930 P.A. Sokolov works part-time as a doctor-statistician at the Rostov Institute of Labor Protection and Occupational Diseases, and from 1930 to 1933. - Head of the anthropometric office of the North Caucasian Institute of Child and Adolescent Health. From 1932 to 1933 Petr Andreevich teaches an assistant professor of anatomy and anthropology at the Rostov State Pedagogical Institute.

In 1933, Petr Andreevich was elected head of the Department of Normal Anatomy of the Omsk Medical Institute, where he worked for 14 years.

In 1936, at a meeting of the Higher Qualification Commission under the People's Commissariat for Health of the RSFSR, P.A. Sokolov (based on the totality of works on integrative anthropology without defending a thesis) was awarded the degree of candidate of medical sciences.

In 1936-1938. P.A. Sokolov combines the head of the Department of Anatomy with the position of Assistant Director for Scientific Work of the Omsk Medical Institute, and from 1940 to 1947. - with the post of professor of the Department of Anatomy of the Omsk Pedagogical Institute.

In 1939, on the appointment of the All-Union Committee for Higher Education under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, P.A. Sokolov was a member of the responsible scientific editorial commission for the publication of the descriptive anatomy textbook prof. D.N. Zernov and an atlas on anatomy by Acad. V.P. Vorobyov, he was instructed to write the introductory chapters to the "Guide to Descriptive Anatomy" by DN Zernov.

On February 24, 1941, P.A. Sokolov successfully defended his doctoral dissertation at the Tomsk Medical Institute (Sokolov P.A. On the anatomy of the median and ulnar nerves, with the types of connections between them in humans: Dis .... Doctor of Medical Sciences / Sokolov P A. - Omsk, 1940), and in the same year he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Medical Sciences. At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War P.A. Sokolov works as the head of the evacuation hospital in Omsk.

In 1947, PA Sokolov was elected by competition as the head of the Department of Normal Anatomy of the Rostov Medical Institute, and he returned to the "alma mater". In the same year he was approved for the academic title of professor.

Returning to his native department, PA Sokolov first of all paid attention to the organization and improvement of the educational process. Since 1947, a student anatomical circle begins to work at the department, which played a decisive role in the selection of young scientific personnel in anatomy, most of the teachers in the past consisted of active circle members. From 1947 to 1975 PA Sokolov was the permanent scientific leader of the student scientific circle. In 1949, the department resumed training scientific personnel through postgraduate studies. The first graduate student P.A. Sokolova in Rostov-on-Don was E.I. Ivanova, future assistant professor of the department.

In teaching and research, P.A. Sokolov introduced the X-ray anatomical method, X-ray angiography and stereoroentgenography. An X-ray room was organized at the department and the anatomical museum was significantly expanded, which began to be used for practical exercises. The museum was supplemented with an X-ray anatomical department and practical classes in X-ray anatomy were introduced into the curriculum, which

conducted by a radiologist N.S. Popov. At the department, a dioptrographic office, histological and photo laboratories were organized, which contributed to the optimization of scientific research.

The main direction of scientific work of the Rostov period of PA Sokolov's activity is the study of the cardiovascular system in health and disease. Using a set of research methods, including somatometry (using variation statistics), dioptrography (using diascopic diagrams), X-ray, corrosion, macromicroscopic, histological methods, employees of the Department of Normal Anatomy and a number of other departments under the leadership of P.A. Sokolova studied the topography and architectonics of extra-and intra-organ vessels in comparative anatomical, age-related aspects and with some pathology. For the study of blood vessels, the method of angiography with the injection of vessels with an X-ray contrast mass proposed by P.A. Sokolov (1940).

Petr Andreevich paid much attention to the study of the angioarchitectonics of the heart, and the results of his research

knowledge about the types of blood supply to the heart are reflected in the manuals on anatomy. He also described options for the topography of the arteries and veins of the heart of humans and mammals, studied the nature of the anastomoses between the arteries and veins of the heart. Anthropological works of P.A. Sokolov reflect mainly the age-related characteristics of the physical development of children.

In 1952, under the chairmanship of prof. P.A. Sokolov, the Rostov branch of the All-Union, and then the All-Russian scientific society of anatomists, histologists and embryologists resumed its activities. The chairman, and then the Honorary Chairman of this department and a member of the board of the All-Union and All-Russian Scientific Societies of the AGE, Petr Andreevich was until 1982. From 1948 to 1955. P.A. Sokolov worked as dean of the medical and preventive faculty, and then, until 1979, as vice-rector for academic affairs of the Rostov Medical Institute. He was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, medals "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945", "For Victory over Germany" and the badge "Excellence in Health Care". In 1965 he was awarded the title “Honored Scientist of the RSFSR”.

Figure: 2. Participants of the VII All-Union Congress of Anatomists, Histologists and Embryologists (Tbilisi, 1966). Sitting (from left to right): P.A. Sokolov, A.S. Samodurov, M.M. Town; Standing: Yu.V. Matveev, T.I. Galitskaya, E.I. Ivanova, L.A. Luneva, R.N. Dorokhov, A.A. Shcherbakova, A.A. Kolosov, V.V. Sokolov, G.G. Goryun, I.S. Bazhenov, O. Yu. Romensky, A.V. Markevich, Yu.K. Padalkin

Under the guidance of Professor P.A. Sokolov has completed 17 doctoral and 47 master's theses. More than 130 scientific works belong to him.

Students of prof. P.A. Sokolova headed the departments of anatomy at medical institutes and universities in many cities of Russia and neighboring countries, expanding and multiplying scientific achievements in the field of comparative and age-related anatomy of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, integrative anthropology.

Today, paying tribute to the memory of our Teacher, looking back at his long, difficult, full of work and creative searches, we are convinced that the name of the Honored Scientist, Professor Peter Andreevich Sokolov is not forgotten, because, as the ancient Greeks say, the one who carries knowledge is immortal.

From 1948 to 1960, K.F. Sokolov (until 1957), A.A. Smirnova (until 1967) N.S. Popov (until 1967), P.N. Pisarevsky (until 1964),

M.Sh. Shabanov (until 1959) and L.A. Lunev (until 1963). In the same period, I.I. Shapovalov and V.V. Sokolov.

Since 1949, the department has resumed the training of scientific personnel through graduate school. Post-graduate students were most often admitted to persons who actively worked in a scientific student circle. In a sequential order, E.I. Ivanova since 1949, R.N. Dorokhov since 1954, Yu.K. Padalkin since 1955, O. Yu. Romensky since 1957, D.I. Sitnikov since 1959, Yu.V. Matveev since 1962, M.M. Town since 1963, T.I. Galitskaya, A.V. Markevich and Yu.F. Yatsenko since 1965

Scientific research of the department staff during this period was devoted to the issues of intraorgan topography of blood vessels, the study of age and typical features of the shape and position of organs, clarification of the projections of internal organs and blood vessels on the skin and skeletal formations, which is necessary to substantiate surgical approaches, study comparative anatomical and age-related characteristics of the architectonics of the blood vessels of the heart and internal organs.

Figure: 3. Staff of the department (1976). Sitting (from left to right): Yu.K. Padalkin, A.V. Markevich, V.V. Sokolov, M.M. Town, Z.Kh. Makoeva. Standing (from left to right): E.I. Ivanova, A.V. Kondrashev, Yu.F. Yatsenko, O.A. Kaplunova,

IN AND. Minakov, Yu.V. Matveev

1975 to 2003 The Department of Normal Anatomy was headed by Vladimir Vasilievich Sokolov (born in 1932), Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Vice President of the Eurasian Academy of Medical Sciences, Academician of the EA AMS, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor.

Sokolov V.V. was born on November 24, 1932 in Rostov-on-Don. He graduated from high school No. 13 in Rostov-on-Don with a gold medal and entered the Russian State Medical Institute at the Faculty of Treatment and Prevention. During his studies at the institute, he took an active part in the work of the student histological circle, headed by Professor K.A. Lavrov. In 1956 he graduated with honors from the Medical Institute and for four years worked in health care institutions in the Rostov region and the Rostov experimental clinical leper colony of the Ministry of Health of the RSFSR.

In 1960 he defended his Ph.D. thesis "On the structure of the human heart valves" and was invited to work as a senior laboratory assistant with the right to conduct practical classes with students of the first and second courses.

sa at the Department of Normal Anatomy, which was headed by Professor P.A. Sokolov. From 1962 to 1968 VV Sokolov - Assistant of the Department of Normal Anatomy of the Rostov Medical Institute, from 1968 to 1972. - Associate professor of the same department. In 1970 he defended his doctoral dissertation "On the blood supply and the structure of the heart valves of vertebrates and humans", in 1972 he received the academic title of professor in the Department of Normal Anatomy. 1975 to 2003 - Head of the Department of Normal Anatomy, Rostov Medical University. 1994 to 2003 - Vice-rector of the Russian State Medical University for scientific work. From 2003 to the present - Professor of the Department of Normal Anatomy, Rostov State Medical University.

He has published 500 works, including 7 monographs and 23 educational and methodological works. Research interests - vascularization of the valvular apparatus of the heart and its other structures in age, comparative anatomical aspects, as well as in some cardiovascular diseases, issues of ecological morphology, somatotyping and roentgenocardiome-

tria, as well as histotopography of blood vessels in the heart valves and leprosy histotopology. Scientific works of Professor V.V. Sokolov's works were published both in Russia and neighboring countries, as well as in England, Bulgaria, Hungary, Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Cuba.

Under the guidance of Professor V.V. Sokolov completed and defended 4 doctoral and 21 candidate dissertations.

Since 1981, Professor V.V. Sokolov - Chairman of the Rostov Regional, and since 1986 - the North Caucasus Regional Branch of VRNOAGE; Honorary member of the AGE Scientific Society of Bulgaria, the AGE Society and Topographic Anatomists of Ukraine, the Kabardino-Balkarian Republican Scientific Society of the AGE. Professor V.V. Sokolov is the organizer of three scientific conferences of morphologists of the North Caucasus, the II Plenum of the Board of ARNOAGE in Rostov-on-Don and the scientific symposium "Intraorganic blood vessels of the heart". Under his editorship, 5 thematic collections of scientific works on the problem "Functional anatomy of the cardiovascular and nervous systems in health, pathology and experiment" were published. In 2005, the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences awarded prof. V.V. Sokolov a diploma of V.N. Tonkov for the best scientific work on normal anatomy - the monograph "Comparative morphology of heart valves", 2003. In 2006, prof. V.V. Sokolov was awarded the jubilee medal "For Great Services in Morphology" by the VNOAGE Presidium. In 1991, for his fruitful work, he was awarded the honorary title "Honored Scientist of the RSFSR", in 1996, as vice-rector for scientific work of the Russian State Medical University, prof. V.V. Sokolov was awarded the Order of Honor.

For his merits in the development of domestic morphology, V.V. Sokolov was awarded Diplomas of Honor of the Presidiums of the VNOAGE and VRNOAGE, as well as a 1st degree diploma from the North Caucasian Scientific Center of Higher Education, awarded with medals of Academician V.P. Vorobiev and Academician V.N. Shevkunenko.

Professor V.V. Sokolov is a member of the Coordination Educational and Methodological Council for Anatomy and Histology at the State University of Healthcare Institutions of the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, a member of the Presidium of ARNOAGE and a member of the Coordination Council of the Association of Morphologists (AGE), a member of the editorial board of the journal "Morphology" (Archive AGE)

For his contribution to the development of anatomical science, V.V. Sokolov was elected a full member and vice-president of the International Euro-Asian Academy of Medical Sciences, as well as a full member and vice-president of the International Academy of Integrative Anthropology and the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (RANS).

V.V. Sokolov continued with his colleagues the scientific topics of his teacher P.A. Sokolova - studied the cardiovascular system. Scientific research of the department staff during this period was devoted to the study of the features of the angioarchitectonics of the heart and some internal organs in the age aspect and in various pathologies. A number of works are devoted to the study of the anatomical components that determine the somatotype at different age periods in health and in some pathological conditions.

Under the guidance of Professor V.V. Sokolov, the department's museum was reconstructed, a gallery of portraits of prominent anatomists was created, a new X-ray anatomical department was designed, a transition between the lecture and laboratory buildings was built.

Since 2003, the Department of Normal Anatomy of the Rostov State Medical University was headed by Honored Worker of Higher Education, Excellence in Health Care, Full Member of the International Academy of Integrative Anthropology, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Alexander Vasilievich Kondrashev (1950-2009).

Alexander Vasilievich was born in 1950. at the station Alaty-pier of the Azerbaijan SSR. In 1973. Graduated with honors from the Pediatric Faculty of the Rostov State Medical Institute. After graduating from the Russian State Medical Institute - postgraduate student at the Department of Normal Anatomy of the Russian State Medical Institute.

In 1980 he defended his Ph.D. thesis (Kondrashev A.V. Macro-microscopic anatomy of the blood vessels of the eyeball in intrauterine development in humans. Scientific advisers - Prof. Yu.K. Padalkin and Prof. A.A. Kolosova).

1976 to 1985 - Assistant, then Associate Professor, since 2000 - Professor of the Department.

In 1998 Kondrashev A.V. defended his doctoral dissertation (Kondrashev A.V. Age and typical features of functional X-ray anatomy of the heart: Dis .... Doctor of Medical Sciences / Kondrashev A.V. - SPb., 1998).

Since 2003 A.V. Kondrashev He was the head of the department of normal anatomy, and since 2004 - the vice-rector for educational work of Rostov State Medical University.

Under the guidance of Professor A.V. Kondrashev completed and defended 2 doctoral and 3 candidate dissertations.

The main directions of scientific activity are the development of the microcirculatory bed of the human eyeball in prenatal ontogenesis, age and typical features of functional X-ray anatomy of the human heart, constitutional characteristics of the population of southern Russia in the age aspect, anatomical and physiological substantiation of the effectiveness of massage effects on the human body.

Under the guidance of Professor A.V. Kondrashev in the museum of the department, a new cranial department was created, expositions dedicated to the founders of the department - prof. K.Z. Yatsute and prof. PA Sokolov, stands for the students of the Faculty of Dentistry were arranged.

Unfortunately, the life of Alexander Vasilevich Kondrashev ended too early. The department has lost a talented anatomist, a wise mentor and just a very good, kind, sincere person.

Alexander Vasilyevich knew well the problems and needs of every member of the department, from professor to laboratory assistant. I tried to help everyone, I was happy to share my knowledge and experience.

Alexander Vasilievich, despite his workload, was very fond of conducting practical classes with students, annually supervised one of the groups of the pediatric faculty. Students loved the lectures of Alexander Vasilyevich, which he read in an accessible language. Saturated with examples from personal practical medical practice, interspersed with aphorisms and apt, wise words, these lectures were remembered for a long time. Alexander Vasilievich is a master of oral storytelling, he knew how to tell any story, anecdote figuratively and colorfully. A creative person, he worked a lot over the years on scientific and

methodical works and, in addition, left us a truly fictional work "Polonaise of Doctor Vorobiev", which aroused great interest among readers.

Alexander Vasilievich had an amazing ability - to bewitch with words and lead. He sacredly kept the traditions of our department and taught this to the staff.

The kind, bright memory of Alexander Vasilievich will forever remain in our hearts.

Since June 16, 2009 the acting head of the department Elena Viktorovna Chaplygina - associate professor, candidate of medical sciences. Works at the department from 1990 to the present.

Chaplygina E.V. was born on February 3, 1964 in Volgodonsk. In 1984 she entered and in 1990 graduated from the pediatric faculty of the Rostov Order of Friendship of Peoples of the Medical Institute. As a student, she actively participated in the work of the student anatomical circle, was the headman, made reports at the final student conferences, a visiting session in the Tanais Archaeological Reserve. In 1990-1992 assistant-trainee, and since 1992 - assistant at the Department of Normal Anatomy.

In 1996 she defended her Ph.D. thesis on the topic: "Characteristics of the anatomical components that determine the somatotype of children in the first period of childhood in normal conditions and with dysfunction of some endocrine glands." Scientific adviser Professor Sokolov V.V.

From 1999 to 2009 - Associate Professor of the Department of Normal Anatomy, Rostov State Medical University. In 2005-2008. - Doctoral student at the Department of Normal Anatomy, Rostov State Medical University. In 2009 she defended her doctoral dissertation on the topic: "Somatotypological patterns of anatomical variability of the liver and

gallbladder in people of adolescence and the first period of adulthood. " Scientific consultant professor A.V. Kon-drashev

From 1986 to 2009 - curator of the scientific student circle, responsible for the elective course in integrative biomedical anthropology. Since 2003 Deputy Dean of the Faculty of Pediatrics for educational work. Since June 16, 2009 Chaplygina E.V. -the head. Department of Normal Anatomy, since October 1, 2009 - Vice-rector for teaching and educational work of Rostov State Medical University, since June 1, 2010 - Vice-rector for academic affairs and international relations on the organization of the educational process with foreign students and international cooperation.

Research interests - morphofunctional features of endocrine glands, integrative biomedical anthropology. Has 142 publications, of which 14 are educational and methodological.

So, consistently the Department of Normal Anatomy in the Rostov period was led by:

1. Nikolay Dmitrievich Bushmakin (1915-1916)

2. Semyon Nikanorovich Yashchinsky (1916-1917)

3. Konstantin Zakharievich Yatsuta (1917-1942)

4.Sergey Artemovich Rodzhanyan (1942-1947)

5. Peter Andreevich Sokolov (1947-1975)

6.Vladimir Vasilievich Sokolov (1975-2003)

7. Alexander Vasilievich Kondrashev (2003-2009).

Scientific research of the staff of the department for

140 years are varied and numerous. They are devoted to issues of ethnic and integrative anthropology, the study of variants and anomalies in various systems of human organs, the study of cardiovascular and nervous

Figure: 4. Staff of the department (from left to right): in the first row: S.I. Klimova, E.S. Elizarova, I. V. Sankova, L.V. Litvinova, A.V. Evtushenko; in the second row: E.V. Chaplygina, T.E. Ovseenko, A.V. Smirnova, V.V. Sokolov, O.A. Kaplunova, A.V. Kondrashev, K.A. Nor-Arevyan, A.V. Markevich, A.A. Shvyrev, O.A. Aksenova (2006)

systems in the age aspect and in pathology, issues of anatomical and anthropological technology, comparative and veterinary anatomy.

Over the 140-year period of work of the Department of Normal Anatomy, its employees have published more than 2000 scientific works, 23 monographs. Teachers took part in writing 12 textbooks, 2 atlases, 2 dictionaries and 83 textbooks for students. Under the guidance of the heads of the department during this period, the staff completed 27 doctoral and 76 can-

didat dissertations. The staff of the department actively participated in the work of international, all-Union, inter-republican, all-Russian and regional congresses, conferences, symposia of morphologists and clinicians. A rather authoritative Rostov school of anatomists was formed, whose representatives headed anatomical departments in 14 cities of Russia and abroad. Numerous students were brought up at the department, who expanded and multiplied the achievements of the Rostov anatomical school.

Derizhanova Irina Sergeevna - Doctor of Medical Sciences “Prof., Excellent Healthcare Worker. She was awarded the sign of the Ministry of Higher Education of the USSR “For success in the research work of students”, the Rudolf Virkhov medal “For achievements in the development of pathological anatomy” by the Academy of Natural Sciences of Germany, the Prize of the Academy of Medical Sciences named after V.I. acad. A.I. Abrikosov (1993). Chief pathologist of the Southern Federal District, member of the Presidium of the Board of the Russian Society of Pathologists, member of the International Academy of Pathology, editorial board of the journal "Archive of Pathology", problem-based CMD on pathology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, scientific director of the Ministry of Education of Rostov State Medical University Author of 315 scientific papers (including 2 monographs, 14 textbooks, 4 methods, recommendations), 1 RF patent. Under her supervision 1 doctoral and 20 candidate dissertations were defended

In Rostov-on-Don, the organizer and the first head of the Department of Pathological Anatomy, at the same time the first dean of the Faculty of Medicine, was Professor of Warsaw University I.F. Pozharsky (1915-1919).

Subsequently, the department was headed by professors Sh.I. Krinitsky (1921-1961), I.I. Dorokhov (1961-1987), A.F. Gusarev (1987-1990), since 1990 to the present - prof. AND ABOUT. Derizhanov.

For 95 years of existence of the Department of Pathological Anatomy, 23 textbooks, 9 monographs, 24 collections of scientific works, over 700 scientific articles have been published, 15 doctoral, 80 candidate dissertations have been defended. 8 professors, 9 associate professors, 200 pathologists, over 45,000 doctors have been trained, 250 doctors have been trained.

Currently, 4 doctoral and 5 master's theses are being carried out, the educational process is being improved. The main scientific areas are the study of carcinogenesis, pathological anatomy of tumors and precancerous conditions, cardiovascular pathology using new research methods - immunomorphological, cytogenetic, etc.

annotation scientific article on history and archeology, the author of the scientific work - Markevich A.V., Kaplunova O.A.

Related topics scientific works on history and archeology, the author of the scientific work - Markevich A.V., Kaplunova O.A.

Text of scientific work on the topic "140 years of the Department of Normal Anatomy of the Rostov State Medical University"

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