Recently, a unique medical case occurred in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in northwest China: as a result of a heart attack, a 44-year-old man was in a state of clinical death for 50 minutes, but then his heart "started to work" again thanks to effective measures taken by doctors.
According to the Xinhua News Agency, this event, which can be considered a miracle, took place in the city of Urumqi. On July 27, during a routine medical examination, the patient suddenly lost consciousness, then he showed signs of death: cardiac and respiratory arrest, as well as mydriasis (dilated pupils). Doctors immediately began providing him with emergency assistance.
Thanks to their efforts, after 50 minutes, the patient again showed signs of restoration of the work of the heart and respiratory organs, but he was still unconscious.
According to the doctors, although the patient was saved, the fate of the "plant man" will most likely await him because of the too long stoppage of the heart and respiratory organs. However, another miracle happened the next day - the patient regained consciousness. Now the state of the lucky one is stable.
Recall that clinical death is the last stage of dying. According to the definition of Academician VA Negovsky, "clinical death is no longer life, but it is not yet death. This is the emergence of a new quality - a break in continuity. In a biological sense, this state resembles suspended animation, although it is not identical to this concept."
Clinical death is a reversible condition and the fact of cessation of breathing or blood circulation alone is not evidence of death. Signs of clinical death include: lack of breathing, lack of palpitations, generalized pallor or generalized cyanosis, and lack of pupil response to light.
The duration of clinical death is determined by the period during which the higher parts of the brain (subcortex and especially the cortex) are able to maintain viability in the absence of oxygen. The first term of clinical death lasts only 5-6 minutes. This is the time during which the higher parts of the brain retain their vitality in the absence of oxygen supply.
All world practice shows that when this period is exceeded, the revival of people is possible, but as a result, there is a partial dysfunction of the brain or its complete failure.
But there may be a second term of clinical death, which doctors have to deal with when providing assistance or in special conditions. The second term of clinical death can last tens of minutes and resuscitation measures will be very effective. The second term of clinical death is observed when special conditions are created to slow down the processes of degeneration of the higher parts of the brain with insufficient oxygen supply.
All of the following facts can be called medical records, except perhaps in quotation marks. Anyway…
1. Highest body temperature
In 1980, a kind of record was set in Atlanta for the highest body temperature - 46.5C. Thank God, the patient survived, having been in the hospital for more than 3 weeks. That's just ... Now I specially looked at the thermometer, there the maximum temperature is 42C. I wonder how it was measured? And at 43C people no longer live. It remains to take our word for it.
2. The lowest body temperature
But the lowest body temperature was recorded in a little girl in 1994 in Canada. Carly stayed in the cold - 22C for about 6 hours. After such an accidental "walk", her temperature was equal to 14.2C. However, at 24C, irreversible changes are already taking place in the body. Well, yes, anything can happen.
3. Mania for swallowing
What mental disorders are not found in people! For example, one 42-year-old lady suffered from an obsessional condition in which she swallowed everything that came to hand. 2,533 items were removed from her stomach, including 947 pins. At the same time, the patient practically did not feel anything, except for a slight discomfort in the abdomen.
4. Chewing mania
There is another "interesting" mental disorder in which patients like to chew their hair. When chewing, some part of the hair must go into the stomach. Here is a lump of hair, weighing only 2.35kg. was removed from the stomach of one patient.
5. Tablet mania
When you are sick, you have to take medicine, like it or not. And there are those who like to drink pills with or without. Stabbed something somewhere, everything, at once a pill! Here is one citizen from Zimbabwe who took 565,939 pills over 21 years. I wonder who counted them ?!
6. Insulin mania
And the British S. Davidson made 78,900 injections of insulin in his entire life.
7. Commitment to operations
American C. Jensen was even less fortunate. For 40 years, he underwent 970 surgical interventions to remove tumors.\
8. Longest operation
The longest in the history of surgery was surgery to remove an ovarian cyst. Its duration was 96 hours! The cyst itself weighed 140 kg, and the patient before surgery - 280 kg.
9. The biggest cardiac arrest
In medicine, it is believed that after a five-minute cardiac arrest, irreversible processes occur in the brain. In the cold period, the time of clinical death may slightly increase. However, life persistently and repeatedly proves the fallacy of such a learned opinion. After one Norwegian fisherman fell over the forest and stayed in cold water, his body temperature dropped to 24C. But the heart did not beat for 4 hours! The man not only had his heart started, but he recovered completely after that.
10. The largest number of cardiac arrests
But the racer David Purley's heart stopped 6 times. After racing in 1977 he had to brake abruptly and for just 66cm. reduce the speed from 173 km per hour to zero. Due to a huge overload, he received 3 dislocations and 29 fractures.May none of us ever become such a dubious record holder!
The term "clinical death" appeared when doctors realized that after a cardiac arrest, they have another 3-5 minutes to return a patient from the other world. The patient's blood circulation and reflexes are absent at this moment, however, the cellular metabolism continues anaerobically. If, before the body's reserves are depleted, doctors manage to resume the supply of oxygen at least to the brain, then it may retain all its functions, and you will get out.
Although there is little hope. The National Institute of Neurological and Communication Disorders in the United States analyzed statistics from 9 of the largest hospitals in the country: 91% of patients who received resuscitation measures still died. Of those who returned to us, 4% "had disorders of higher nervous activity and required outside help." And only 5% recovered completely. We perceive these people as messengers from the other world. And they take full advantage of it. Many reanimated later say that in a dead state they flew through dark tunnels to the light, met with divine beings and beloved (deceased) relatives, watched from the sidelines for their revival and, in general, felt great.
A person hears how doctors state his death
The cerebral cortex - the very one that is responsible for controlling mental processes (consciousness, memory, thinking) - is already turned off, like a computer from which a cord was pulled out. And the person continues to hear and be aware of what he has heard. What other evidence is needed to confirm that we have an immaterial soul and the possibility of the existence of consciousness separately from the brain?
In fact, “Some parts of the cerebral hemispheres - for example, the cortex of the auditory analyzer - resist oxygen deficiency longer than others. So in the process of brain shutdown, complete hearing loss occurs a few seconds later than, for example, shutdown of the centers of motor activity, ”explains Lev Gerasimov, head of the laboratory“ Life support technologies in critical conditions ”of the Research Institute of General Intensive Care of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. According to international standards, a physician should spend no more than 8–10 seconds to ascertain clinical death, because every moment is precious here. If there is a loss of consciousness and cessation of breathing, the doctor must begin resuscitation. It is quite possible that he will pronounce out loud "clinical death" even before your consciousness is completely extinguished.
It seems to a person that he is falling or, conversely, flies up a dark tunnel to the light
This plot is one of the most frequently encountered in the memories of clinical death. Supporters of the supernatural consider this tunnel to be the gateway between the world of the living and the dead.
In fact, “The brain generates pictures of the afterlife just like hallucinations or dreams. But this does not happen in a state of clinical death, but in the moments immediately before its onset and immediately after successful resuscitation - when the brain works in an “emergency mode” with malfunctions due to oxygen deficiency, ”Lev Gerasimov continues to patiently dispel myths. And it is not surprising that large-scale hallucinations, which, according to the patient's feelings, can last for many hours, in fact, take only a couple of seconds. Check it out the next night: in REM sleep, you can "live" for several days just by turning from side to side.
Now about the tunnel through which the deceased flies to the light. The occipital cortex, which is responsible for our vision, can generate images without even receiving nerve signals from the eyes. In the process of extinction, a person first stops receiving a real "picture", and then the cortical analyzer stops working. And he does it gradually. The first to experience oxygen deficiency are tissues in the periphery, and the last - to the poles of the occipital lobes. During this process, the virtual "field of view" (remember, the eyes no longer see, but the brain still produces a picture) narrows until only central or, as it is called, "tubular" vision remains. And the vestibular analyzer at this moment, due to a lack of oxygen, ceases to adequately perceive information about the position of the body, and it seems to a person that he is moving - for example, flying.
Peace and freedom from earthly worries awaits a person in the next world, because in a state of clinical death, a person experiences just such sensations
American physician and psychotherapist Raymond Moody in the book Life After Life (see the reference below) quotes the words of a man who returned “from the other world”: “At the moment of injury, I felt sudden pain, but then the pain disappeared ... I was warm and more pleasant than ever. "
In fact, from the point of view of modern medicine, nothing awaits you in the next world. And peace during dying is a temporary state. In response to critical situations, your body usually releases a dose of endorphins into the bloodstream so that you do not experience overwhelming stress (for example, due to pain) and continue to fight to the end. Clinical death ranks second in the ranking of the most dangerous adventures of your body (biological death is first). Therefore, before completely shutting down, your brain literally floods itself with the "hormone of happiness", which causes pleasant sensations. In addition, medications that are administered to the patient in the postresuscitation period can cause a joyful feeling. Many of these substances are quite suitable for dancing in discos.
Behind the grave board
The topic of near-death experiences was popularized by the American physician and psychotherapist Raymond Moody. In 1975, he published Life After Life, which analyzed the metaphysical adventures of 150 people who survived clinical death. Moody compiled a list of typical feelings of temporary deceased - such as separation of consciousness from the body or meeting with beloved relatives (at first there were 9 items on the list, in 1977 Moody expanded it to 15 items).
Moody did not make any scientific conclusions in his works (3 books were published in multi-million copies). However, in a recent interview, the doctor literally stated the following: “Having interviewed more than a thousand people ... and constantly encountering the same stunning and unusual episodes in their stories, I am ready to argue that there is a high probability of life after death. As a matter of fact, now I have absolutely no doubt that my interlocutors were able to cast a fleeting glance at what is outside our world. "
In a state of clinical death, consciousness leaves the physical shell
In the stories of those who descended “on the other side,” such a plot is often encountered: they seem to soar over their bodies and observe from the sidelines how they are revived. At the same time, a person is not attached to his mortal shell and can move, for example, through a hospital building.
In fact, Sam Pernia, a resuscitator at the University of Southampton (UK), conducted an experiment. He placed vivid, memorable images in intensive care units that can only be seen if you look down from the ceiling. But none of the patients who experienced clinical death in these rooms and talked about the withdrawal of consciousness from the physical body saw these drawings. So this is also hallucinations?
In a state of clinical death, a person meets deceased relatives, angels, God and other exotic creatures
In 2008, American neurosurgeon Eben Alexander thundered into a hospital bed with a diagnosis of infectious meningitis. After lying in a coma for a week, Eben came to his senses and began to tell everyone about the unforgettable experience of traveling through the afterlife. Alexander moved across the other world on the wing of a huge butterfly, accompanied by a woman with high cheekbones and beautiful blue eyes. The neurosurgeon, of course, communicated with his companion through telepathy. Impressed by these experiences, Alexander wrote Proof of Paradise, which immediately became a bestseller.
In fact, in a coma, the central nervous system does not turn off completely: a person retains reflexes, some parts of the cerebral cortex may act. So, from the point of view of science, it was not death - Alexander was more "here" than "there." Los Angeles-based neurologist Sam Harris suggested that Alexander was exposed to endogenous dimethyltryptamine (DMT) while in a coma. According to one of the theories, in the borderline state between life and death, the body produces in industrial quantities not only endorphins, but also this alkaloid - again to reduce stress levels. DMT brings a person into a special mystical state (the so-called entheogenic, which translates as “becoming divine from within”), accompanied by powerful auditory and visual hallucinations. Shamans in South America, for example, use DMT in ayahuasca to communicate with spirits. So Alexander was lucky.
Degree steals
At normal human body temperature (36.5 ° C), clinical death lasts 3-5 minutes, depending on the individual characteristics of the organism. Then biological death occurs. However, in special conditions (when the body is cooled, electric shock, heating), the intermediate state between life and complete destruction can be delayed. For example, lowering body temperature by 3 ° C gives resuscitators to work as much as 10 minutes from the moment the patient's heart stops. And in 2008, North American resuscitators revived an 82-year-old man who froze to a body temperature of 26 ° C outside. He spent more than 2 hours in a state of clinical death.
People who have experienced clinical death share similar memories, and this proves the reality of the afterlife
A light in the end of a tunnel. A being made of light and love. Adventures of consciousness moving apart from the physical body. Any resuscitation patient, regardless of gender, age, social status, education and nationality, allegedly faces this. This is considered to be the most compelling argument in favor of the reality of conscious existence after death.
In fact, most of the research on near-death experiences has been and is being done by Western scholars. It is clear that they are studying their compatriots who were brought up in the traditions of one of the Abrahamic religions and share Western cultural values \u200b\u200b- this is probably why their near-death experiences coincide. And, for example, in Bhavan Vissudhikunavot's book “Vipassana Meets Consciousness”, a Thai resident describes what happened to her after cardiac arrest in a different way: “I felt tired and left the hut. Standing under a coconut tree, I felt a deep sense of beauty. Then I saw the road and walked along it. Suddenly I saw two people. These were the servants of the Lord of the Dead Yam. One of them said that now they would take me to hell. I asked to let me go home to warn my relatives. When I entered, there were many people in my hut who were crying. Then I stumbled, fell and came to life. " And no, mind you, angels with trumpets.
Personal experience
We found a person who agreed to tell you about what he saw and heard when he was dying.
Alexander Sobolev. 38 years old, entrepreneur (Moscow):
I experienced a state of clinical death when I was studying at the Ryazan Airborne School. My platoon took part in scouting group competitions. This is a 3-day survival marathon with exorbitant physical activity (no sleep and virtually no rest), which ends with a 10 km march in full gear. I didn’t come to this last stage in the best shape: the day before I ripped my foot with some kind of snag while crossing the river, we were constantly in motion, my leg hurt badly, the bandage came off, bleeding resumed, I was in a fever. But I ran almost all 10 km, and how I did it, I still don't understand, and I don't remember very well. Several hundred meters before the finish line, I passed out, and my comrades brought me there in their arms (by the way, participation in the competition was counted for me). The doctor diagnosed acute heart failure and began to revive me. About that period when I was in a state of clinical death, I have such memories: I not only heard what others were saying, but also watched from the sidelines. I saw how something was injected into my heart, I saw how a defibrillator was used to revive me. And in my mind the picture was like this: my body and doctors are on the field of the stadium, and my relatives are sitting in the stands and watching what is happening. In addition, it seemed to me that I could control the resuscitation process. There was a moment when I got tired of lying around - and I immediately heard the doctor say that I had a pulse. Then I thought: now there will be a general structure, everyone will strain, but I've deceived everyone and I can lie down - and the doctor screamed that my heart stopped again. In the end I decided to go back. I will add that I did not feel fear when I watched how I was revived, and in general I did not treat this situation as a matter of life and death. It seemed to me that everything was in order, life was going on as usual.
The other day in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in Northwest China
unique medical case: 44-year-old as a result of a heart attack
the man was in a state of clinical death for 50 minutes, but then
the heart "started to work" again thanks to effective measures taken by doctors.
According to the Xinhua News Agency, this event can be considered
miraculously, it happened in the city of Urumqi. July 27 during routine medical
examination, the patient suddenly lost consciousness, then he showed signs
death: cardiac and respiratory arrest, as well as mydriasis (expansion
pupil). Doctors immediately began providing him with emergency assistance. Thanks to
their 50 minute effort, the patient showed signs of recovery again
heart and respiratory organs, but he was still unconscious.
According to the doctors, although the patient was saved, most likely he will be
wait for the fate of the "plant man" due to too long suspension of work
heart and respiratory organs. However, another miracle happened the next
day - the patient regained consciousness. Now the state of the "lucky" is stable.
Recall that clinical death is the last stage of dying. By definition
Academician V.A. Negovsky, "clinical death is no longer life, but
is not yet death. This is the emergence of a new quality - a break in continuity.
In a biological sense, this state resembles suspended animation, although not identical
this concept. "Clinical death is a reversible condition and itself by
the fact of cessation of breathing or blood circulation is not evidence
the onset of death. Signs of clinical death include: absence
breathing, no palpitations, generalized pallor or generalized
cyanosis, as well as the lack of reaction of the pupils to light. Duration of clinical
death is determined by the period during which the higher parts of the brain
(subcortex and especially bark) are able to maintain viability in conditions
lack of oxygen. The first term of clinical death lasts only 5-6 minutes.
This is the time during which the higher parts of the brain retain
its viability in the absence of oxygen supply. All world practice
indicates that if this period is exceeded, the revival of people is possible,
but the result is partial brain dysfunction or complete
brain failure. But there may be a second term of clinical death, with
which doctors have to deal with when providing care or in special
conditions. The second term of clinical death can last tens of minutes
and resuscitation will be very effective. Second term clinical
death is observed when special conditions are created to slow down the processes
degeneration of the higher parts of the brain with insufficient oxygen supply.
Astrophysicists have recorded the longest death of a star in a black hole in the entire history of observations - the duration of the process exceeded similar cases by more than 10 times. The fact is that a black hole engulfs a star twice the mass of the Sun. According to scientists, during the active observation of the Universe, the death of such a large star in a black hole is observed for the first time. About whether the discovered process will be able to shed light on the formation of black holes of huge mass a billion years after the emergence of the Universe - in the material RT.
- The death of a star at the black hole XJ1500 + 0154 as seen by the artist. At the bottom - a photo of what is happening: in the visible spectrum (left), in the X-ray range
- nasa.gov
Random opening
The process was recorded by an international team of scientists led by Dacheng Lin from the Space Science Center of the University of New Hampshire. Similar events in the memory of scientists took a maximum of about a year, while the process taking place at a black hole called XJ1500 + 0154 began back in 2005. The star that died under the influence of tidal forces was torn apart, and the supermassive black hole continues to consume its remnants.
X-rays emitted by stellar debris heated to millions of degrees were accidentally noticed by astrophysicists using the XMM-Newton space telescope. At that time, they were studying a cluster of galaxies called NGC 5813 in the constellation Virgo, 105 million light-years from Earth. Strong radiation attracted the attention of scientists at the stage of analyzing images of NGC 5813. In 2008, the Chandra telescope recorded that the radiation intensity of an object that accidentally fell into the image and was located much further than the studied cluster of galaxies exceeded the first recorded values \u200b\u200bby 100 times. In subsequent years, including 2014 and 2016, additional data was obtained by the Swift telescope.
The main thing is to eat right
“The object is growing rapidly most of the observation time,” said James Gilochon of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. "This suggests something unusual: a black hole swallows up a star twice the mass of the Sun."
According to scientists, during the active observation of the Universe, the death of such a large star in a black hole is observed for the first time.
In addition, the researchers noted that the recorded X-rays regularly go beyond the so-called Eddington limit. This parameter indicates the ratio of the emitted heated substance to the gravitational force that attracts the substance to the center of the object. Based on how this relationship is violated around the observed black hole, astrophysicists have come to the conclusion that it is growing faster than the rate considered normal. According to them, supermassive black holes could appear in this way just a billion years after the formation of the universe. This is an important conclusion, since ancient objects of such a huge mass - billions of times larger than the Sun - have already been recorded, but their origin is not completely clear.
Since the 1990s, astronomers have repeatedly observed the disintegration of a star and its absorption by a black hole. In this process, falling under the influence of the gravitational force of a massive object, the star disintegrates into fragments. The substance of which it consisted is distributed in the form of a flat disc. Most of it is absorbed by the black hole, and the rest is scattered in space.
In the recorded case, in addition to the death of a massive star, there is another option, no less intriguing. If a star of more modest size approached the black hole and disintegrated completely, the observed effect would be the same. Usually, complete absorption does not occur, so this event would be seen for the first time during space exploration.
Latest X-rays
The place where the black hole is located, which is jokingly already called the most voracious one ever observed, coincides with the alleged location of a space object of huge mass in the center of a small galaxy, where star formation is actively taking place. Obviously, there is no need to talk about detailed pictures of what is happening at such a distance from the Earth - 1.8 billion light years. However, the artists presented their vision of the death of a huge star due to a black hole.
In the next few years, experts expect a drop in the intensity of radiation: the fragments of a huge star that feed on the black hole will end. Some of them will scatter in space. Astrophysicists note that the radiation has already begun to decline, but the object still retains incredible brightness.
As the researchers said, knowing about the possibility of processes with the properties that they have been able to establish, they will start looking for similar cases. However, they note that they will continue to monitor XJ1500 + 0154 as well. First, they will be able to track changes in radiation, which, according to their forecasts, will continue for another 10 years. Second, their own conclusions still need additional verification.
