Black berets, black death ... The nicknames of these fighters look rather gloomy and unfriendly - indeed, when meeting with such soldiers, the enemy will immediately lose any thoughts of easy money. Russian Marines - today we are talking about these brave and courageous warriors. Let's take a look at history, find out what it is like to be a Marine and what an honor it is, and also touch on modern military events.

History of creation

The Russian Marine Corps traces its history for more than three centuries. The formation date of this kind of troops is November 27, 1705. The date falls on the period of the Great Northern War with Sweden - of course, this is not an accident, since it was then that the army needed specially trained units of fighters, who initially fired at enemy ships from afar, and when they approached, they had to board the ship. This type of battle required courageous and courageous fighters, strong physically and spiritually and possessing the proper skill.

Despite the fact that in the course of its history the marines were subject to disbandment and rebuilt, the listed qualities are relevant to this day - it is quite difficult to become a marine, therefore such troops rightfully bear the title of elite. The title of a Marine is a matter of pride in itself, and the Marine Corps Medal is a great honor that is really worth a lot.

These distinctive signs are inherent only in particularly distinguished fighters. However, the statistics of awards not only with the departmental medal are impressive: during the existence of the branch of the military, the marines became Heroes of the Soviet Union 113 times, and 22 fighters were awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation.

Purpose

Of course, over time, technology, weapons and warships are improved. Along with this process, the priority task of the Russian Marine Corps is changing. Much depends on the purpose of a particular unit, for example, DShB or Marine Corps reconnaissance, so the fighters end up on enemy territory in various ways:

• disembarkation from ships and boats;
• landing behind enemy lines from naval aircraft;
• forcing water obstacles on floating vehicles (as a rule, this is an armored personnel carrier) with the subsequent landing on the shore.

The divisions also have different tasks:

• diversion of attention for the purpose of a safe approach of the main offensive forces;
• the seizure of territory occupied by the enemy, for example, a coast or an island, followed by defense;
• assault on skyscrapers and base fortifications, in which enemy troops are located;
• conducting sabotage in enemy territory with fire support from aircraft and navy.

Armament

In terms of equipping with weapons and its modifications, the Marine Corps units can be compared with motorized rifle troops, on many points there will be coincidences. The main type of small arms is the AKS-74M Kalashnikov assault rifle. Each department has one copy of the RPG-7, RPK and SVD. In addition, in any company there is a platoon of rocket launchers, in their hands are the AGS-17 modification "Flame", as well as PKM.

The marines are also armed with the Makarov pistol and the APS; officers, drivers, as well as some narrow-profile specialists are supplied with such devices. Also, units can be supplied with RPG-18 (Fly) and RPO-2 (Bumblebee), depending on the task. Of the mobile vehicles at the disposal of the Marine Corps units are the BTR-82A, BTR-80, as well as a special air-cushion ship "Zubr" (in service with the Baltic Fleet).

How to become a Marine

It is impossible to be born a Marine, because such a profession is not just a difficult job in difficult conditions, but also a special mindset that is achieved through experience and through colossal training.

Nevertheless, if the young man is impressed by the demonstration performances of black berets, and he is filled with pride and desire to become one of such fighters, then with a certain set of qualities, the guy will not have to beg the military commissar to send him to the desired troops for a very long time. There is a certain list of qualities and indicators, according to which candidates are given advantages and the right to be sent to serve in the Marine Corps:

• excellent health, fitness category - exclusively "A", the candidate must not have an addiction to cigarettes and alcohol, mental disorders, as well as diseases associated with the cardiovascular system;
• a set of certain psychological and moral qualities, confidence, courage, self-control, prudence and ingenuity;
• excellent physical fitness;
• the presence of a rank, as well as winning places in competitions in any sport, skydiving, shooting, wrestling, swimming or boxing.

If a young man can tick off all the criteria, then he has a very real chance of getting into the Marine unit. Another thing is that this is only initial testing. To check what a fighter is worth, just one march is enough, here not only physical, but also moral qualities are checked, since situations in which the fighter has a choice necessarily arise, and at the same time not only his own life is in his hands.

Indeed, it is necessary first of all to be imbued with the collective spirit, the spirit of the army family and brotherhood. Often, candidates do not pass the initial tests due to psychological aspects.

Those who have successfully overcome the starting tests will have daily exhausting trainings - after all, the Marine must be in full combat readiness at any second. March-throws, tactical exercises with a trip to the range, shooting, hand-to-hand combat, parachute jumping, training airborne assault on the rear of a conventional enemy, sudden alarms at night - all this happens in a continuous mode and makes a young man not only a real man, but also a professional fighter with an iron character.

Separately, the delivery of special standards for the black beret is carried out - an honorary symbol of the Marine Corps, the right to wear which is a great honor and responsibility. Moreover, in order to motivate beret holders for continuous improvement, there is an unofficial punishment in the form of deprivation of the right to wear an honorary headdress - this is perhaps the biggest shame that can happen to a Marine while on duty.

Since the Marines are in the category of soldiers who must constantly be ready to join the battle, it is not hard to guess that they are involved in almost all armed conflicts at the state level. In the last half century alone, units of the USSR and Russian marines have traveled to various parts of the world, including Syria, Israel, Dagestan, Egypt, Mozambique, Libya, Vietnam, Poland and other countries.

But wherever the Marines are, they are always ready to die to defend the interests of their country and honor the order. It is not without reason that the motto of the Russian Marine Corps is “where we are, there is victory”.

Philip Yakovlevich Rubakho (1923-1943) - participant of the Great Patriotic War, sniper of the 393rd separate battalion of the marines of the Novorossiysk naval base of the Black Sea Fleet, foreman of the 1st article. The hero of the USSR.

Born on January 13, 1923 in the village of Aksayskaya (now the city of Aksai, Rostov region) in the family of a worker, a former officer of the Russian fleet. Kazakh. He grew up in an orphanage, where he received a name not typical for Kazakhs.

Secondary education. He was left without parents early, was brought up and studied in the Batumi orphanage. Even in his youth, he was awarded the "Voroshilovsky shooter" badge for his successful participation in large shooting competitions.

In the Navy since July 1941. Was enrolled in the musician team of the Tuapse base of the Black Sea Fleet. However, he soon managed to achieve a transfer to warships and was credited with the number of an artillery crew in the division of small boats of the fleet. As part of it, he took his first battle in the Great Patriotic War in September 1941 during a campaign in besieged Odessa.

The Red Navy sailor Rubakho did not have a chance to fight on boats for a long time: as part of the combined battalion of the marines, he was sent to the land front and took part in the heroic defense of Sevastopol. In December 1941, he was wounded and evacuated from Sevastopol, and upon recovery he was enrolled in the navy sniper school. From June 1942 - again at the front, as part of the Southern Front, participated in the defense of Rostov, Kuban, the North Caucasus and the passes of the Main Caucasian ridge. He proved himself to be a talented sniper, since December 1942 he had 200 killed enemy soldiers and officers on his combat account. In December 1942 he was wounded again.

After recovering, he was enlisted in the 393rd Marine Corps Battalion and, under the command of its legendary commander, Major Caesar Kunikov, took part in the amphibious assault near Novorossiysk. Then he took part in the defense of the bridgehead captured by this landing, which was called "Small Land". There he became the commander of a group of snipers, brought his personal score to 276 Nazis and Romanians. After being transferred to other sectors of the North Caucasian Front, in August 1943, a group of snipers by Philip Rubakho was sent to the land sector of the front near Novorossiysk. Then he returned to Gelendzhik as part of his battalion preparing for a new landing on the berths of the Novorossiysk port.

Sniper of a separate marine battalion, candidate for membership in the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, Petty Officer 1st Article Philip Rubaho, on September 9, 1943, among the first in the battalion, landed ashore near Novorossiysk, destroyed two enemy firing points with grenades, and three enemy soldiers in hand-to-hand combat ... The brave marine was seriously wounded in the head on the bridgehead in Novorossiysk during an artillery attack on September 14, 1943, was evacuated by boat to one of the hospitals in Sochi, but died the next day, September 15.

He was buried in the city of Sochi, Krasnodar Territory, in a mass grave at the Zavokzalny Memorial.

In total, Petty Officer 1 Article Rubakho F. Ya. Destroyed 346 Nazis, blew up 8 bunkers, a tank, and a mortar.

• By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of January 22, 1944, for the courage and heroism shown in the fight against the Nazi invaders, Sergeant Major of the 1st article Rubakho Philip Yakovlevich was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
• He was awarded the Order of Lenin (1944), the Order of the Red Banner (1943).

• Forever enrolled in the lists of the military unit.
  Streets in the hometown of Aksai, in Gelendzhik and in the hero-city of Novorossiysk are named after the Hero. In 1977, on the eve of the 34th anniversary of the liberation of Novorossiysk from the Nazi invaders, a memorial sign was erected on the street bearing the name of the sniper Rubaho.
• Rubakho's name is on the Memorial Board at the Black Sea Fleet Museum in Sevastopol.
• In the city of Sochi, at the Zavokzalny memorial complex, Rubakho's surname is not on the list of buried soldiers. Work is currently underway to close this gap.

Philip Rubakho was born on January 23, 1923 in the village of Aksai, Rostov Region, in the family of a retired naval officer, participant in the Tsushima battle, and a Don Cossack woman. He was left without parents early ...

Philip Rubakho was born on January 23, 1923 in the village of Aksai, Rostov region, in the family of a retired naval officer, a participant in the Tsushima battle, and a Don Cossack woman. He was left without parents early and was brought up in the Batumi orphanage. He studied well, was fond of music and shooting sports. After graduating from high school, he received an invitation to study at the Leningrad Conservatory.

But the Great Patriotic War broke out ... On the second day Philip stood before the military commissar of the city of Batumi. The military commissar categorically refused the 18-year-old boy to enroll in military service. Philip insisted, arguing:
- You don’t look that I’m so thin, I’m strong and go in for shooting sports, I have the Voroshilov shooter badge ...

And only after learning that the young man plays a variety of musical instruments, the commissioner suggested: "Do you want us to send you as a volunteer to the musical team in the naval base of the Black Sea Fleet?" Philip agreed, but thought to himself: "Well, I just need to get into the military unit, and then I will achieve my goal." A bloody battle unfolded from the Barents Sea to the Black Sea. And Philip toiled in the rear city of Tuapse and played the flute. But soon he achieved a transfer to the small boat division.

He was enrolled in the artillery calculation of the forty-five. Their division of small boats took part in escorting transports with weapons and replenishment personnel to Odessa besieged by the Nazis. An ear for music helped Philip to be one of the first to determine by sound the direction from which enemy planes approached the guarded caravan. But Rubakho was eager for the land front, the marines, and achieved his goal: he was sent to defend the main base of the Black Sea Fleet - Sevastopol.

Here, in the Balaklava Valley, the Red Navy sailor Rubakho, having struck a fascist submachine gunner with a rifle, experienced the joy of victory. Here he received his first wound, but did not go to the hospital. It was then that Philippe Rubaho had a desire to become a sniper. The platoon leader began to send the young soldier to the front patrol, and for better observation handed him binoculars. This allowed Philip to hit targets at a great distance. In December 1941, he was sent to study at the navy sniper school.

In the sniper school, particular importance was attached to the choice of a combat position, camouflage, the ability to quickly navigate, instantly find a target and hit it for sure from the first shot. And Philip learned to be precise, skillful, quick-witted and resourceful. The commander of the North Caucasian Front, Marshal S.M.Budyonny, arrived at the school for graduation.

Rubakho performed all the exercises perfectly and received gratitude from the Marshal. The difficult summer of 1942. The enemy was developing an offensive along the entire Soviet-German front, and wherever it was especially difficult, the marines fought hand in hand with the soldiers of the Red Army on the land front. In battles, they became famous for their courage, perseverance, indomitable hatred for enemies and ardent love for the Motherland. The sailor's peakless cap and striped vest instilled fear in the Nazis, they called the sailors "black cloud", "sea devils" ...

At the end of June 1942, Philip Rubajo arrived at the Southern Front as part of the Marine Corps Brigade. He fought for Rostov, went into counterattacks near Mozdok, defended Vladikavkaz. In the battles near Tuapse, Philip Rubakho was wounded in his left arm, but refused to go to the rear and was treated in the medical unit of his brigade. By this time, Rubaho's sniper had brought his personal score to 80 destroyed fascists. Fame spread about his skill throughout the entire defense sector, and in the combat sheet of the Marine Corps battalion, the Red Navy soldier wrote:

Sniper Rubajo
Agreement with the fighters:
Smash the enemy without fear
Hit him point-blank ...

The flame of hatred for the fascist invaders was calling for battle. After recovering from the medical unit, Philip returned to his battalion. As confirmed by the documents, in the mountains he and his partner destroyed a company of fascists, and Philip Rubaho's personal account was brought to 200 destroyed enemies. In December 1942, the brave sniper was wounded for the third time - in the leg and back of the head.

In early January 1943, the Rubaho sniper was discharged from the hospital, but was not sent to the active unit, but instructed to lead a team for training snipers. The first meeting of fellow countrymen took place in Gelendzhik - the sniper Philip Yakovlevich Rubakho and the commander of the marines Caesar Lvovich Kunikov. Rubakho already knew that Major Kunikov had formed an airborne detachment to be thrown into the rear of the enemy and that he was allowed to enlist volunteers from all parts of the base ...

- It's good that you are getting better.
What are your plans for the future? Where would you like to serve? - asked Kunikov.
- Where there is more real business, - answered the foreman of the first article Philip Rubaho.

A team of snipers led by Philip Rubaho was enrolled in the Kunikov detachment. But with chagrin Philip learned that they would not be able to participate in the first dash on the enemy shore. Kunikov perfectly understood that one can do without snipers at the time of a night landing and risking the life of an excellent sniper and his team is not worth it, because there are more than one day and a month to fight….

Himself unrestrainedly brave, always walking in front, the commander knew how to value and protect his fearless fighters. The landing detachment of Major Kunikov stormed the western coast of the Tsemesskaya Bay on the night of 3 to 4 February 1943. By morning, the marines drove the Nazis out of the coastal fortifications, occupied several streets of the village of Stanichka, and consolidated their foothold on the near approaches to the southern outskirts of the city of Novorossiysk.

The bridgehead, recaptured from the enemy by the Kunikov paratroopers, and subsequently expanded by the paratroopers of three naval brigades, was named "Small Land". A team of snipers by Philip Rubajo landed as part of the 225th Marine Brigade on the night of 6 February. Only at the "Malaya Zemlya" bridgehead, the personal score of the destroyed Nazis was increased to 276. The 393rd Separate Marine Battalion, formed on the basis of Kunikov's detachment, was preparing for hostilities to liberate Novorossiysk.

In August 1943, a group of snipers organized in the battalion under the leadership of Petty Officer I article Philip Rubaho entered the area of \u200b\u200bthe defensive line of our troops in the area of \u200b\u200bthe cement plants of Novorossiysk. Here a group of 12 people killed 57 fascists in eight days. F. Rubaho personally killed 3 officers, 2 snipers and 3 soldiers. By order of the commander of the Black Sea Fleet, Petty Officer I article Rubakho was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

During the landing operation in the port of Novorossiysk in September 1943, acting as part of the headquarters group of the commander of the 393rd separate battalion under the command of Lieutenant Commander Vasily Andreevich Botylev, a brave sniper with a grenade throw suppressed the enemy's firing point and destroyed 3 fascists in hand-to-hand combat.

In three days, the Rubaho sniper destroyed more than fifty enemies. When Philip was wounded in the legs, he asked the Red Navy men to transfer him from one window to another and continued to destroy the Nazis. During the operation, about 500 fascist soldiers and officers were destroyed by the group of Philip Rubajo. And the personal account of the legendary sniper was brought to 346 destroyed Nazis.

On September 14, 1943, during an artillery attack by shrapnel, Philip was seriously wounded in the head. A month later, he died in a hospital in Sochi. By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of January 22, 1944 Rubakho Philip Yakovlevich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. By order of the USSR Minister of Defense, the name of Sergeant Major I article Rubakho Philip Yakovlevich was forever entered into the lists of one of the military units of the Black Sea Fleet. The streets in the hero city of Novorossiysk and in the hero's homeland in the city of Aksai, Rostov region, are named after Philip Rubaho.

Sniper survival textbook ["Shoot rarely, but accurately!"] Fedoseev Semyon Leonidovich

Super Sharpshooters from the Marine Corps

The system of training and using snipers in the United States Marine Corps is very interesting. The use of "super sharp shooters" by the US Marine Corps has a long tradition dating back to the First World War and the Second World War. However, in the forties and fifties, the art of sniping was undeservedly forgotten in most of the world's armies. Only during the Vietnam War did the corps command return to active training and the use of snipers in combat.

ILC snipers were actively used during the US military operations in Somalia, Libya, Haiti. During the period of the peacekeeping mission in Somalia, more than a hundred people were killed by snipers of the Marine Corps while opposing the American forces, according to media reports. Snipers worked no less intensively in Haiti, participating in the elimination of some "instigators of mass riots."

SNIPER TRAINING

1-2. Combat mission

The sniper's primary task in battle is to support combat operations by providing accurate fire on selected targets over long distances ... The sniper creates casualties in enemy troops, slows down enemy movement, intimidates enemy soldiers, reduces morale and adds confusion to their actions. The sniper's secondary mission is to gather and transmit information on the battlefield.

A well-trained sniper ... is a versatile support force for the infantry command. A sniper's significance cannot be measured simply by the number of casualties he inflicts on the enemy. The awareness of the presence of a sniper instills fear in elements of enemy troops and influences their decisions and actions. The sniper enhances the unit's firepower and increases the number of different ways to destroy and harass the enemy ... The role of the sniper is unique in the sense that it is the only way a unit can hit point targets at distances exceeding the effective range of the service small arms ...

Snipers are used at all levels of conflict ...

1-3. Organization

In light infantry divisions, the sniper unit includes six battalion reconnaissance battalions organized into three teams of two ... In motorized infantry battalions, a sniper unit consists of two riflemen (one team) located at the headquarters of each rifle company. The commander determines the tasks and priorities of objectives for each team and can assign or transfer the command under the operational control of a company or platoon ...

A. Sniper teams should be centrally controlled by a commander or officer using snipers. This officer (OIC) is responsible for the command and control of the snipers assigned to the unit ...

The duties and areas of responsibility of the OIP are as follows:

- advising the unit commander on the use of snipers;

- issuing orders to command commanders;

- determination of combat missions and methods of using snipers;

- coordination of the sniper team and the unit commander;

- briefing of the unit commander and command commanders;

- analysis of the problem with the unit commander and team commanders;

- team training.

B. The sniper team leader is responsible for the daily activities of the sniper team. His areas of responsibility include:

- taking on the responsibilities of the OIC, which are related to the team, in his absence;

- team training;

- issuing the necessary orders to the team;

- preparation for combat missions;

- team management during a combat mission.

B. Snipers work and train in teams of two. One person's primary responsibilities are those of a sniper, while the other is an observer. The sniper weapon is a sniper weapon system. The Observer has a standard service rifle that provides the team with more powerful suppression and defense fire ...

Saboteur scuba diver

Until 1975, sniper schools were created in the US Army only for the period of the war, and then they were disbanded. Today, Scout Sniper Schools are found in every Marine Corps division. For a year, one such school conducts four graduations of forty students, with a training period of eleven weeks. The qualification requirements for candidates are quite strict. For example, when passing the standard for fire training, the candidate must, within three days, shoot 25 rounds at 12-inch (30.5 cm) targets located at various distances up to 850 yards (773 m). The future student must hit 20 targets out of 25 at least two days out of three. In addition, the test includes orientation on difficult terrain at night.

In addition to practical shooting, cadets study and practice tactics of actions as part of a sniper pair and a reconnaissance group, the radio exchange system and the rules for using standard radio stations, camouflage techniques on the ground and covert movement.

To pass the test in camouflage, the cadet must, within four hours, several times, unnoticed by the instructors, overcome an open area of \u200b\u200bterrain 800 meters long, build several shelters of various types and fire a blank shot from a distance of no more than two hundred meters, while remaining undetected. It should be noted that all camouflage means - ghillie camouflage and a rifle case - are made by the cadets on their own, using regular uniforms and materials at hand.

At the end of the training, the so-called "hell week" is held - a five-day field exercise. Each day begins with the advance to the firing position, where the test for camouflage and stealthy movement in a ghillie suit is passed. This is followed by qualifying firing, obtaining a combat mission, building a mock-up of the terrain where it is necessary to act, drawing up a plan and order to carry out a reconnaissance operation, entering a given area, equipment and masking a position. At the end of the training operation, a report is drawn up.

Each Marine battalion has a 17-man sniper-reconnaissance platoon - 8 snipers, 8 scouts and a platoon leader.

Marine snipers usually work in pairs. The spotter, equipped with a 20x magnification M49 observation device, assists the sniper in determining distances, determines wind corrections and provides cover. Every half hour, the sniper and spotter change places to avoid eye strain.

Marine snipers are sometimes used as forward artillery spotters and air gunners. To do this, during training, snipers are introduced to the rules for setting a fire mission with an indication of the target, the method of shelling and the type of ammunition.

The ILC snipers can only move through dangerous territory at night or in conditions of limited visibility. A "super sharp shooter" must orientate himself on the ground not only with the help of a satellite topographic reference system and a compass, but also using natural landmarks and signs.

For a sniper, reconnaissance training is of particular importance. Traces make it possible to reveal the nature of the enemy, the methods of his movement, the system of combat security, etc. Marines are specially trained to move through the enemy's territory without leaving a trace, and to evade pursuit. Having found the pursuers, the sniper pair must either destroy them with fire from their rifles, or set a mine trap, or direct artillery fire or an aviation strike at them.

Some of the techniques used by the American Marines when shooting are interesting. For example, if the shooter, lying in an open place, sees the target, but cannot raise his head, he assumes the "Hawkins pose": he rigidly straightens his left arm and clasps the rifle strap near the upper swivel, and the lower corner of the butt rests against the ground, pressing it from above with his shoulder - a shot is fired from this position.

The M40A1 rifle does not have a bipod, like most modern sniper models, therefore, when shooting, a backpack, a sandbag or an improvised tripod made of branches is placed under the weapon. If the fire is fired without a stop, a rifle strap is used.

At the firing position, the KMP snipers load the rifle with one round, since they always make only one shot at the target. The rifle magazine is fully equipped while moving - due to a possible meeting with the enemy.

In order not to be detected by the shine of the sleeve, snipers learn to open the bolt with the thumb of their right hand, and catch the ejected sleeve with the palm of their hand.

The Marines fully use the capabilities of their weapons - this is already evidenced by the fact that the most optimal distance for firing sniper fire is considered to be a distance of 600 yards (546 m): at the same time, a high probability of hitting a target from the first shot and the greatest safety of the shooter himself from detection are provided.

If there is a threat of being captured, the sniper must break the sight lenses with a ramrod, tie a grenade to the rifle barrel and activate it.

In some cases, Marine snipers use 12.7 mm self-loading M82A1 rifles. This weapon is used for firing at embrasures, lightly armored objects (such as armored personnel carriers) and helicopters.

PERSONAL COMPOSITION

(Extract from US Army Manual FM 23-10)

Sniper training candidates require careful selection ... A rigorous training program and increased personal risk in combat require high motivation and the ability to master multiple skills ...

A. The following are basic guidelines for selecting sniper candidates.

Marksmanship... The sniper must be a well-aimed expert shooter. An annual confirmation of the expert's qualifications is required ...

Physical state... A sniper, often involved in long-term operations with very short sleep, limited food and water, must be in excellent physical condition. Good health means better reflexes, better muscle control, and more vitality. Well-being and endurance ... are the defining qualities for a practicing sniper.

Vision... Sight is the main tool of a sniper. Therefore, the sniper must have 20/20 vision, or vision corrected to 20/20. However, wearing glasses could be a hindrance if they are lost or damaged. Color blindness is also considered a hindrance to the sniper ...

Smoking... The sniper must not be a smoker. Smoking or an unsuppressed smoker's cough can betray the position of a sniper, and even if he does not smoke during the mission, abstinence can cause nervousness and irritation that will reduce his effectiveness.

Mental condition... When commanders sift through sniper candidates, they should look for traits that usually indicate that the candidate has the right traits to be a sniper ... Some traits to look for are reliability, initiative, loyalty, discipline and emotional toughness. ...

Mental capacity... The trainee must be a person with high mental abilities. The duties of a sniper require a wide range of skills. He must know and have skills in the following areas:

- ballistics;

- types of ammunition and their capabilities;

- adjustment of optical devices;

- radio business and radio communication procedures;

- observation and adjustment of mortar and artillery fire;

- skills of orientation on the ground;

- revision of intelligence and their transfer;

- identification of uniform / equipment posing a threat.

B. In a sniper team's operations involving long-term independent use, the sniper must also demonstrate ... determination, confidence ... good situational awareness and a sense of teamwork. This requires two other important qualifications ...

Emotional resilience... The sniper must be able to calmly and deliberately destroy targets that may not pose an immediate threat to him. It is much easier to kill in self-defense or in defense of others than to kill without apparent motivation. The sniper must be immune to emotions ...

Field skills... The sniper should be familiar with the environment in the field and feel comfortable in it. Extensive outdoor training and knowledge of natural phenomena will assist the sniper in many of his assignments. Individuals with this training often have great capabilities as snipers.

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Chapter 4. Reflection by units of the Black Sea Fleet of the first assault on Sevastopol by German troops in the period October 31 - November 24, 1941. The processes of formation and reorganization of marines in the Sevastopol defensive area in this

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Chapter 6. Formation and reorganization, as well as the fighting of the Marine Corps in Sevastopol in the period between the second and third assaults in January - May 1942 Soon after the end of the second assault, in January 1942, in the initial period of relative calm again

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Chapter 9. The role of the Black Sea Fleet marines in the battles for the defense and liberation of Sevastopol Summing up the participation of the marines in the battles for the defense and liberation of Sevastopol in 1941-1942 and in 1944, it is necessary to note the decisive role of the marines in repelling

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Chapter 10. List of Marine Corps of the Black Sea Fleet in 1941-1945 Separate platoons: 588th separate officer penalty platoon of the Black Sea Fleet. Separate companies: Marine Corps of the Danube Flotilla, Local rifle (guard) companies in Odessa, Kerch and Batumi,

Philip Rubakho was born on January 23, 1923 in the village of Aksai, Rostov region, in the family of a retired naval officer, participant in the Tsushima battle, and a Don Cossack woman.

He was left without parents early and was brought up in the Batumi orphanage. He studied well, was fond of music and shooting sports. After graduating from high school, he received an invitation to study at the Leningrad Conservatory.
But the Great Patriotic War broke out ... On the second day Philip stood in front of the military commissar of the city of Batumi. The military commissar categorically refused the 18-year-old boy to enroll in military service. Philip insisted, arguing:
- You don’t look that I’m so thin, I’m strong and go in for shooting sports, I have the Voroshilov shooter badge ...
And only after learning that the young man plays a variety of musical instruments, the commissioner suggested: "Do you want us to send you as a volunteer to the musical team at the naval base of the Black Sea Fleet?" Philip agreed, but thought to himself: "Well, I just need to get into the military unit, and then I will achieve my goal." A bloody battle unfolded from the Barents Sea to the Black Sea. And Philip toiled in the rear city of Tuapse and played the flute. But soon he achieved a transfer to the small boats division.
He was enrolled in the artillery calculation of the forty-five. Their division of small boats took part in escorting transports with weapons and replenishment personnel to Odessa besieged by the Nazis. An ear for music helped Philip to be one of the first to determine by sound the direction from which enemy aircraft approached the guarded caravan. But Rubakho was eager for the land front, the marines, and achieved his goal: he was sent to defend the main base of the Black Sea Fleet - Sevastopol.
Here, in the Balaklava Valley, the Red Navy sailor Rubakho, having struck a fascist submachine gunner with a rifle, experienced the joy of victory. Here he received his first wound, but did not go to the hospital. It was then that Philippe Rubajo had a desire to become a sniper. The platoon leader began to send the young soldier to the front patrol, and for better observation handed him binoculars. This allowed Philip to hit targets at a great distance. In December 1941, he was sent to study at the navy sniper school.
In the sniper school, particular importance was attached to the choice of a combat position, camouflage, the ability to quickly navigate, instantly find a target and hit it for sure from the first shot. And Philip learned to be precise, skillful, quick-witted and resourceful. The commander of the North Caucasian Front, Marshal S.M.Budyonny, arrived at the school for graduation.
Rubakho performed all the exercises perfectly and received gratitude from the Marshal. The difficult summer of 1942. The enemy developed an offensive along the entire Soviet-German front, and wherever it was especially difficult, the marines fought hand in hand with the soldiers of the Red Army on the land front. In battles, they became famous for their courage, perseverance, indomitable hatred for enemies and ardent love for the Motherland. The sailor's peakless cap and striped vest instilled fear in the Nazis, they called the sailors "black cloud", "sea devils" ...
At the end of June 1942, Philip Rubajo arrived at the Southern Front as part of the Marine Corps Brigade. He fought for Rostov, went into counterattacks near Mozdok, defended Vladikavkaz. In the battles near Tuapse, Philip Rubakho was wounded in his left arm, but refused to go to the rear and was treated in the medical unit of his brigade. By this time, Rubaho's sniper had brought his personal score to 80 destroyed fascists. Fame spread about his skill throughout the entire defense sector, and in the combat sheet of the Marine Corps battalion, the Red Navy soldier wrote: Sniper Rubaho
Agreement with the fighters:
Smash the enemy without fear
Hit him point-blank ...
The flame of hatred for the fascist invaders called for battle. After recovering from the medical unit, Philip returned to his battalion. As confirmed by the documents, in the mountains he and his partner destroyed a company of fascists, and Philip Rubaho's personal account was brought to 200 destroyed enemies. In December 1942, the brave sniper was wounded for the third time - in the leg and back of the head.
In early January 1943, the Rubakho sniper was discharged from the hospital, but was not sent to the active unit, but instructed to lead a team for training snipers. The first meeting of fellow countrymen took place in Gelendzhik - the sniper Philip Yakovlevich Rubakho and the commander of the marines Caesar Lvovich Kunikov. Rubakho already knew that Major Kunikov had formed an airborne detachment to be dropped behind enemy lines and that he was allowed to enlist volunteers from all parts of the base ...
A team of snipers led by Philip Rubaho was enrolled in the Kunikov detachment. But with chagrin Philip learned that they would not be able to participate in the first dash on the enemy coast. Kunikov perfectly understood that one can do without snipers at the time of a night landing and risking the life of an excellent sniper and his team is not worth it, because there are more than one day and a month to fight….
In August 1943, a group of snipers organized in the battalion under the leadership of Petty Officer I article Philip Rubaho entered the area of \u200b\u200bthe defensive line of our troops in the area of \u200b\u200bthe cement plants of Novorossiysk. Here, a group of 12 people killed 57 fascists in eight days. F. Rubaho personally killed 3 officers, 2 snipers and 3 soldiers. By order of the commander of the Black Sea Fleet, Petty Officer I article Rubakho was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
On September 14, 1943, during an artillery attack by shrapnel, Philip was seriously wounded in the head. A month later, he died in a hospital in the city of Sochi. By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of January 22, 1944, Rubakho Philip Yakovlevich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. By order of the USSR Minister of Defense, the name of Sergeant Major I article Rubakho Philip Yakovlevich was forever entered into the lists of one of the military units of the Black Sea Fleet. The streets in the hero city of Novorossiysk and in the hero's homeland in the city of Aksai, Rostov region, are named after Philip Rubaho.