(TO THE 94TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE SHOT)

94 years have passed since the execution of members of the royal family of the last Russian Emperor Nicholas II, but the Russian press still continues to repeat the old lie about the participants in the historical event. The time has long come to establish the number and names of those who directly participated in the execution of members of the royal family and service personnel. Below are the main materials of the study, taken from the chapter "Purely Russian murder" (Two hundred years of protracted pogrom, vol. 3, book 2, 2009). Based on a critical analysis of historical evidence - the diaries of Nicholas II and the courtiers, A. Kerensky, investigator N. Sokolov, archival materials collected in the books of E. Radzinsky "Nicholas II", M. Kasvinov "Twenty-three Steps Down" and other authors - attention readers are offered a completely new version of the circumstances of the murder of the royal family and the composition of its direct executors. This version refutes another bloody libel of Russian nationalists who came up with absurd versions of the participation of Jews in the murder of the Tsar and his loved ones.

In one of his letters to the mythical conspirators, allegedly preparing the release of members of the royal family, Nicholas II wrote: “The room is occupied by the commandant and his assistants, who are currently the internal guard. There are 13 of them, armed with guns, revolvers, bombs. Opposite our windows on the other side of the street there is a guard in a small house. It consists of 50 people. " The composition of the guard is very impressive, but the inquisitive Nikolai does not mention either Latvians or Magyars, because they weren't there... Why bring Latvians and Magyars to Yekaterinburg, if the composition of the guard of 63 Red Army men had already been recruited "from the Zlokaz workers brought by Avdeev," that is, those who worked at the factory of the manufacturer Zlokazov. A.D. Avdeev, who for more than three months was the commandant of the house in Tobolsk and Yekaterinburg, was replaced by Yurovsky on July 4, 1918, that is, 12 days before the execution. What would the Russian nationalists have come up with if Avdeev was the commandant of the house on July 16? They would have turned him into the insignificant person he really was, or they would have tried not to mention his existence at all. In fact, Avdeev was replaced by Yurovsky, because he was engaged in systematic drunkenness.

WHO WAS THE SENIOR IPATYEVSKY HOUSE

On the same day, July 4, 1918, an entry appeared in the tsar's diary: "During lunch, Beloborodov and others came and announced that instead of Avdeev, the one whom we took for a doctor - Yurovsky, was appointed." Before dealing with the number of direct killers, it is equally important to determine the name of the person who was senior bossin the House of Special Purpose. From the tsar's diary, it is possible to clarify who the former emperor considered the elder: “For a long time they could not lay out their things, since commissioner, commandant and guard officer all did not have time to start examining the chests. And then the examination was similar to the customs, so strict, right down to the last bottle of Alex's first aid kit. " From this seemingly innocent record it follows that the tsar quite reasonably considered the commissar Ermakov as the main power in the house, and therefore put him in the first place. Commissioner P. Ermakov, really, was the most senior military commander, to which 63 armed Red Army men were subordinate. His deputy was the head of the guard service M. Medvedev, who daily and in shifts assigned each of the guards to the place of duty. Ermakov was previously subordinate to the commandant Ageev, who was responsible for organizing the life of the members of the royal family. It was Ermakov who received orders from the Ural Regional Executive Committee and, just before the execution, together with M. Medvedev, brought the Council Resolution on the execution to the Ipatiev house. The commandant mentioned by the tsar is Avdeev.

However, Russian nationalists created a version that commandant Yurovsky was the eldest in the Ipatiev house, but they never mentioned Avdeev's name in this role. Radzinsky is clearly thinking that the execution of the Resolution is entrusted to the commandant of the House of Special Purpose. It is impossible to imagine that the execution of the execution was entrusted to a photographer and watchmaker by profession, who for 12 days only got acquainted with the situation in the house. Commissioner Pyotr Ermakov, who was in charge of all the armed arrows, could not delegate his powers to watchmaker Yurovsky, who happened to be in the role of commandant. Ermakov was the senior in position and duties in the house, when Avdeev played the role of commandant, he remained the senior when this role passed to Yurovsky. It means that only Ermakov could direct the execution of the royal family and give the command, and no one else... That evening, it was Ermakov who gathered the shooters, together with Medvedev put them in their places, ordered Yurovsky to read the text of the Resolution of the Ural Council and gave the command "Fire!" As soon as Yurovsky finished reading the Resolution for the first time. This is exactly how Ermakov himself told the pioneers about this event and wrote in his "Memoirs". Strengthening the role of Yurovsky is the main absurd invention of Sokolov and Radzinsky, which still has the widest circulation among the evil, but illiterate Russian anti-Semites. None of the military will transfer command of the soldiers to a civilian in the presence of their immediate superior.

The historian M. Kasvinov reports that the decision of the Ural Soviet to shoot the royal family was handed over to Yurovsky by two Special Representatives at half past eleven on July 16, that is, half an hour before the execution. Radzinsky calls the names of the Commissioners: this is the head of the security of the House of Special Purpose P. Ermakov and a member of the board of the Ural Cheka, a former sailor, M. Mikhailov-Kudrin, the head of the guard service. Both Plenipotentiaries of the Uraloblsovet take personal part in the execution of the royal family.

NAMES OF SHOOTERS

The next most important issue is to clarify the number and composition of the firing squad in order to exclude any fantasies on this topic. According to the version of the investigator Sokolov, supported by Radzinsky, 12 people participated in the execution, including six to seven foreigners, that is, five Latvians, Magyars and a Lutheran. Chekista Petra Ermakova, originally from the Verkh-Isetsky plant, Radzinsky calls "one of the most sinister participants in the Ipatiev night." Ermakov himself, who "by agreement belonged to the tsar," confirmed: "I fired a shot at him point-blank, he fell immediately ...". In the Sverdlovsk Regional Museum of the Revolution there is an act: "On December 10, 1927, they took from Comrade PZ Ermakov a revolver 161474 of the Mauser system, which, according to PZ Ermakov, shot the tsar." For twenty years, Yermakov spoke in detail about his role in lectures about how he personally killed the tsar. On August 3, 1932, Ermakov published his biography, in which he said without undue modesty: “On July 16, 1918 ... I carried out the decree - the king himself, as well as the family, were shot by me. And personally, the corpses were burned by me. " In 1947, the same Ermakov completed "Memories" and, together with his biography, handed over to the Sverdlovsk party activist. In the book of Ermakov there is such a phrase: “I honorably fulfilled my duty to the people and the country, took part in the execution of the entire reigning family. I took Nikolai himself, Alexandra, my daughter, Alexei, because I had a Mauser, they could work. The rest had revolvers. " Enough ehthat confession of Ermakov, in order to forever forget all the versions of falsifiers about the participation of Jews. I recommend all anti-Semites to read and re-read "Memoirs" by Pyotr Ermakov before going to bed and after awakening, and it would be useful for Solzhenitsyn and Radzinsky to learn the text of this book by heart as "Our Father".

The son of the Chekist M. Medvedev said from his father's words: “The king was killed by his father. And immediately, as soon as Yurovsky repeated the last words, his father was already waiting for them and was ready and immediately fired. And he killed the king. He fired his shot faster than anyone ... Only he had a Browning. According to Radzinsky, the real name of a professional revolutionary and one of the Tsar's killers is Mikhail Medvedev was Kudrin.At first, this son said that the king was killed by Ermakov, and a little later - by his father. So figure out where the truth is.

Another "head of security" of the Ipatiev House took part in the murder of the royal family on a voluntary basis Pavel Medvedev, "A non-commissioned officer of the tsarist army, a participant in the battles during the defeat of the Duhovschina", captured by the White Guards in Yekaterinburg, who allegedly told Sokolov that "he himself fired 2-3 bullets at the sovereign and at other persons whom they shot." P. Medvedev is already the third participant who claimed that he personally killed the tsar. In fact, P. Medvedev was not the head of the security, the investigator Sokolov did not interrogate him, because even before the start of Sokolov's "work" he managed to "die" in prison. Another killer took part in the execution - A. Strekotin. On the night of the execution, Alexander Strekotin was “assigned to the ground floor as a machine gunner. The machine gun was on the window. This post is right next to the hallway and that room. " As Strekotin himself wrote. Pavel Medvedev approached him and "silently handed me the revolver." "Why do I need him?" I asked Medvedev. “Soon there will be executions,” he told me and quickly left. ” Strekotin is clearly being modest and hides his real participation in the execution, although he is constantly in the basement with a revolver in his hands. When the arrested were brought, the laconic Strekotin said that "he followed them, leaving his post, they and I stopped at the door of the room." It follows from these words that A. Strekotin, in whose hands was a revolver, also participated in the execution of the family, since to observe the execution through the only door in the basement room, which was closed during the execution was physically impossible. “It was no longer possible to shoot with the doors open; shots could be heard in the street,” reports A. Lavrin, quoting Strekotin. "Ermakov took my rifle with a bayonet and stabbed everyone who was alive." It follows from this phrase that the shooting in the basement took place with the door closed. This is a very important detail.

"The rest of the princesses and servants went to Pavel Medvedev, the head of security, and another security officer - Alexey Kabanov and six Latvians from the Cheka ”. These words belong to the dreamer Radzinsky, who mentions nameless Latvians and Magyars taken from the dossier of investigator Sokolov, but for some reason forgets to name their names. Later Radzinsky "according to legend" deciphered the name of the Hungarian - Imre Nagy, the future leader of the Hungarian revolution of 1956, although without the Latvians and the Magyar, six volunteers had already been gathered to shoot six adult family members, a cook and servants (Nikolai, Alexandra, Grand Duchesses Anastasia, , Olga, Maria, Tsarevich Alexei, Doctor Botkin, cook Kharitonov, lackey Trupp, housekeeper Demidova).

According to bibliographic data, Imre Nagy, Born in 1896, participated in the First World War as part of the Austro-Hungarian army. He was captured by Russia, until March 1918 he was held in a camp near the village of Verkhneudinsk, then he joined the Red Army and fought on Lake Baikal. There are many autobiographical data on the Internet about Imre Nadi, but none of them mentions participation in the murder of the royal family.

WERE THE LADIES?

Unnamed Latvians are mentioned only in the investigation documents of Sokolov, who clearly made references to them in the testimony of those whom he interrogated. None of the Chekists who voluntarily wrote their memoirs or biographies - Ermakov, M. Medvedev's son, G. Nikulin - mention Latvians and Hungarians. There are no Latvians in the photographs of the participants in the execution, which Radzinsky cites in the book. This means that the mythical Latvians and Magyars were invented by the investigator Sokolov and later turned into invisible by Radzinsky. According to A. Lavrin's testimony from Strekotin's words, the case mentions Latvians who allegedly appear at the last moment before the execution of “a group of people unknown to me, six to seven people”. After these words, Radzinsky adds: “So, the team of Latvians - the firing squad (they were) is already waiting. That room is already ready, already empty, all things have already been taken out of it. " Radzinsky is clearly fantasizing, because the basement was prepared in advance for execution - its walls were sheathed with planks to the full height. It is this circumstance that explains the reason why the execution after the decision of the Uraloblsovet took place four days later. Let me give you another phrase by M. Medvedev's son, which is related to the legend “about Latvian riflemen”: “They often met at our apartment. All the former regicides moved to Moscow "... Naturally, no one remembered the Latvians who were not in Moscow.

ROOM SIZE AND NUMBER OF SHOOTERS

It remains to explain how all the executioners, along with the victims, were accommodated in a small room during the murder of members of the royal family. Radzinsky claims that 12 gunmen stood in the opening of the open double-leaf door in three rows. In an opening one and a half meters wide, no more than two or three armed riflemen could fit. I propose to conduct an experiment and arrange 12 armed men in three or four rows to make sure that at the first shot the third row should have shot in the back of the head of those in the first row. The Red Army men in the second row could only shoot straight, between the heads of those in the first row. Family members and household members were only partially located opposite the door, and most of them were in the middle of the room, away from the doorway, which in the photo is located in the left corner of the room. Therefore, it can definitely be argued that there were no more than six real killers, all of them were inside the room with closed doors, and Radzinsky tells tales about Latvians in order to dilute Russian riflemen with them. In reality, all six assassins lined up along the wall in a single row inside the room and fired point blank from a distance of two and a half to three meters. This number of armed people is enough to within two to three seconds shoot 11 unarmed people.

It is necessary to pay special attention to the size of the basement and the fact that the only door of the room in which the execution took place was closed during the action. M. Kasvinov reports the size of the basement - 6 by 5 meters... This means that along the wall, in the left corner of which there was a one and a half meters wide entrance door, only six armed people could be accommodated. The size of the room does not allow a large number of armed people and victims to be accommodated in an enclosed space, and Radzinsky's assertion that all twelve shooters allegedly shot through the open doors of the basement is a absurd invention of a person who does not understand what he is writing about.

Radzinsky repeatedly emphasized that the execution was carried out after a truck drove up to the House of Special Purpose, the engine of which was not turned off on purpose in order to drown out the sounds of shots, not to disturb the sleep of city residents. On this truck, half an hour before the execution, both representatives of the Ural Soviet arrived at Ipatiev's house. This means that the execution could only be carried out behind closed doors. To reduce the noise from gunfire and enhance the soundproofing of the walls, the previously mentioned planking was created. With the door closed, all the gunmen, along with the victims, were only inside the room. The version of Radzinsky that 12 shooters fired through an open door disappears. The aforementioned participant in the execution, A. Strekotin, reported in his memoirs in 1947 about his actions, when it was discovered that several women were wounded: “It was no longer possible to shoot at them, since the doors all inside the building were opened, then Comrade. Ermakov, seeing that I was holding a rifle with a bayonet in my hands, invited me to whip up those who were still alive. "

From Kasvinov's book it follows that the corner basement under the very ceiling had one barred narrow window, overlooking the courtyard. In the book by G. Smirnov "Question marks over the graves" (1996), there is a photograph of the courtyard facade of the Ipatiev house, which shows a window in the basement almost at ground level. It was impossible to see anything through this window. According to the fantasy of Sokolov and Radzinsky, the guards Kleschev and Deryabin were at the basement window and told the investigator that they had allegedly watched the execution: "Deryabin sees through the window a part of the figure and mainly Yurovsky's hand." The same Deryabin asserted: "The Latvians stood nearby and at the door itself, behind them stood Medvedev (Pashka)." This phrase was clearly composed by Sokolov, naively assuming that no one would recognize the location of the windows in the Ipatiev House. Even if Deryabin, who supposedly saw something through the glass, were sprawled on the ground, he would still not be able to notice anything. With the same success, he could see the leg of Goloshchekin, who had never been in the house. This means that the testimony of Deryabin and Kleschev is an absolute lie.

ROLE OF YUROVSKY

From the testimony of the interrogated by the investigators Sergeev and Sokolov and from the above recollections of the surviving participants, it follows that Yurovsky did not participate in the execution of members of the royal family. At the time of the execution, he was to the right of the front door, a meter away from the tsarevich and tsarina sitting on chairs, as well as between those who were shooting. In his hands he held the Resolution of the Ural Soviet and did not even have time to repeat the text at the request of Nikolai, when a volley was heard on the order of Ermakov. Strekotin, who himself took part in the execution, writes: “Before the tsar stood Yurovsky, holding his right hand in his trouser pocket, and in his left - a small piece of paper ... Then he read the sentence. But did not have time to finish the last words, as the tsar asked loudly ... And Yurovsky read it a second time. In fact, Yurovsky was not armed, his participation in the execution was not foreseen. “And immediately after the last words of the verdict were pronounced, shots rang out ... The Urals did not want to hand the Romanovs into the hands of the counter-revolution, not only alive, but also dead,” Kasvinov said.

Radzinsky writes that Yurovsky allegedly confessed to Medvedev-Kudrin: "Eh, you didn't let me finish reading - you started shooting!" This is a key phrase, proving that Yurovsky did not shoot and did not even try to refute Ermakov's stories, “avoided direct clashes with Ermakov,” who “fired a shot at him (Nikolai) point-blank, he fell right away” - these words are taken from Radzinsky's book. After the completion of the execution, Yurovsky allegedly personally examined the corpses and found one bullet wound in Nikolai's body. And the second could not be, especially the third and fourth, when shot at close range from a short distance.

COMPOSITION OF THE SHOOTING GROUP

Exactly basement room and doorway dimensions,located in the left corner, quite clearly confirm that there could be no question of placing twelve gunmen at the doors that were closed. In other words, neither Latvians, nor Magyars, nor Lutheran Yurovsky took part in the execution, and only Russian shooters took part, led by their chief Ermakov: Pyotr Ermakov, Grigory Nikulin, Mikhail Medvedev-Kudrin, Alexey Kabanov, Pavel Medvedev and Alexander Strekotin, who barely settled along the wall inside the room. All names are taken from the books of Radzinsky and Kasvinov.

According to Kasvinov's information, all the Chekists who fell into the hands of the Whites and who had at least a remote relation to the execution of the royal family were tortured and shot by the White Guards on the spot. Among them, everyone who was interrogated by the investigator Sergeev - Yakimov, security guards Letemin, F. Proskuryakov and Stolov (were drunk, slept all night in the bath), guards Kleshchev and Deryabin, P. Samokhvalov, S. Zagoruiko, Yakimov, and others (they were at the post on the street and could not see what was happening in the house with closed doors and through windows that did not exist in the basement) - they did not participate in the execution and could not tell anything. Only Letemin gave evidence from the words of machine gunner A. Strekotin. The White Guards shot all the former house guards who fell into their hands, as well as two drivers - P. Samokhvalova and S. Zagoruiko only for the fact that they transported the tsar and accompanying persons after arriving in Yekaterinburg from the railway station to the Ipatiev House. P. Medvedev, the only witness who participated in the execution, but did not give evidence to investigator Sergeev, is not among the named persons only because, according to some information, he died in prison from the plague. The very mysterious death of 31-year-old Medvedev!

Radzinsky claims that the illiterate Strekotin, who gave evidence to investigator Sokolov, prepared his "Memories" for the anniversary of the execution of the royal family in 1928, which were published 62 years later in the magazine "Ogonyok" by Radzinsky himself. Strekotin could not write anything in 1928, for all people who fell into the hands of whites were shot. According to Radzinsky, this "oral story of Strekotin formed the basis of Sokolov's White Guard investigation", which, in fact, was another fiction.

Sergey LyukhanovZlokazovsky worker, driver of a truck standing in the courtyard during the execution on which the corpses of the executed were carried outside the city for two days, was another of the accomplices in the murder. His strange behavior after the night of the shooting and until the end of his life is proof of this. Soon after this event, Lyukhanov's wife left her husband and subjected him to a curse. Lyukhanov constantly changed his place of residence, hiding from people. He hid so much that he was even afraid to receive his old-age pension, and he lived to be eighty years old. This is the behavior of people who have committed a crime, who are afraid of exposure. Radzinsky suggests that Lyukhanov allegedly saw how the Red Army "pulled two unfinished people from the truck" when he was transporting corpses for burial to the mines, and was afraid of responsibility for their shortage. Radzinsky does not insist on this assumption, but it does not stand up to criticism. For some reason, the Red Army men, who allegedly stole two corpses from the truck, which were not counted later, were not afraid of what they had done, and the driver Lyukhanov was dying of fear until the end of his days. Most likely, this Lyukhanov either personally finished off the "corpses" that had come to life in the back, or participated in the robbery of the bodies of already dead princesses. It was this kind of crime that could cause a mortal fear in the driver, which haunted him all his life. Guard Letemin It seems that he personally did not participate in the execution, but he was honored to steal a red spaniel named Joy belonging to the royal family, the Tsarevich's diary, "the relics with the relics incorrupt from Alexei's bed and the image he wore ...". He paid with his life for the royal puppy. “Many tsarist things were found in Yekaterinburg apartments. They found a black silk umbrella of the Empress, and a white linen umbrella, and her purple dress, and even a pencil - the same one with her initials, which she used to write in her diary, and silver rings of princesses. Chemodumov's valet walked around like a bloodhound. “Andrei Strekotin, as he himself said, removed the jewels from them (from those who were shot). But they were immediately taken away by Yurovsky. " “When taking out the corpses, some of our comrades began to remove various things that were with the corpses, such as watches, rings, bracelets, cigarette cases and other things. This was reported by Comrade Yurovsky. Comrade Yurovsky stopped us and offered to voluntarily hand over various things removed from the corpses. Some have passed completely, some have passed a part, and some have passed nothing at all ... ”. Yurovsky: “Under the threat of execution, everything stolen was returned (a gold watch, a cigarette case with diamonds, etc.)”. Only one conclusion follows from the above phrases: as soon as the assassins finished their business, they began looting. If not for the intervention of "comrade Yurovsky", the unfortunate victims were stripped naked by Russian marauders and robbed.

CONSERVATION OF CORPSES

When the truck with the corpses drove out of the city, an outpost of the Red Army met him. “Meanwhile ... they began to overload the corpses onto the bays. Now they began to clear their pockets - they had to threaten with execution here too ... ”. “Yurovsky guesses a savage trick: they hope that he is tired and will leave - they want to be left alone with the corpses, they want to look into 'special corsets,'” Radzinsky clearly thinks up, as if he himself were among the Red Army men. Radzinsky composes a version that Yurovsky took part in the burial of corpses, in addition to Ermakov. Obviously, this is another of his fantasies.

Commissioner P. Ermakov, before the murder of members of the royal family, suggested that the Russian participants "rape the Grand Duchesses." When the truck with the corpses passed the Verkh-Isetsky plant, they met “a whole camp - 25 horsemen, in bays. They were workers (members of the executive committee of the council), which Ermakov prepared. The first thing they shouted was: "Why did you bring them to us inanimate." A bloody, drunken crowd was waiting for the grand princesses promised by Ermakov ... And now they were not allowed to take part in the right cause - to solve the girls, the child and the king-father. And they were sad. " Prosecutor of the Kazan Court of Justice N. Mirolyubov, in his report to the Minister of Justice of the Kolchak government, reported some of the names of the dissatisfied "rapists". Among them are "the military commissar Ermakov and prominent members of the Bolshevik Party, Alexander Kostousov, Vasily Levatnykh, Nikolai Partin, Sergei Krivtsov." “Levatny said:“ I felt the queen myself, and she was warm ... Now it’s not a sin to die, I felt the queen's… (in the document the last phrase is crossed out in ink. - Author). And they began to decide. They decided: to burn the clothes, throw the corpses into the nameless mine - to the bottom. " Nobody names Yurovsky's name, because he did not participate in the burial of corpses.

On the night of July 16-17, 1918, in the city of Yekaterinburg, in the basement of the house of mining engineer Nikolai Ipatiev, the Russian Emperor Nicholas II, his wife Empress Alexandra Fedorovna, their children - Grand Duchesses Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, the heir to Tsarevich Alexei, and also the Life -Medic Evgeny Botkin, valet Aleksey Trupp, room girl Anna Demidova and cook Ivan Kharitonov.

The last Russian emperor, Nikolai Alexandrovich Romanov (Nicholas II), ascended the throne in 1894 after the death of his father, Emperor Alexander III, and ruled until 1917, when the situation in the country became more complicated. On March 12 (February 27, old style), 1917, an armed uprising began in Petrograd, and on March 15 (March 2, old style), 1917, at the insistence of the Provisional Committee of the State Duma, Nicholas II signed an abdication for himself and his son Alexei in favor of the younger brother of Mikhail Alexandrovich.

After abdication from March to August 1917, Nikolai and his family were under arrest in the Alexander Palace of Tsarskoye Selo. A special commission of the Provisional Government studied materials for the possible trial of Nicholas II and Empress Alexandra Feodorovna on charges of high treason. Not finding evidence and documents that clearly denounced them in this, the Provisional Government tended to expel them abroad (to Great Britain).

The shooting of the royal family: a reconstruction of eventsOn the night of July 16-17, 1918, the Russian Emperor Nicholas II and his family were shot in Yekaterinburg. RIA Novosti offers you a reconstruction of the tragic events that took place 95 years ago in the basement of the Ipatiev House.

In August 1917, the arrested were transported to Tobolsk. The main idea of \u200b\u200bthe Bolshevik leadership was an open trial of the former emperor. In April 1918, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee decided to transfer the Romanovs to Moscow. Vladimir Lenin spoke out for the trial of the former tsar; it was supposed to make Leon Trotsky the main prosecutor of Nicholas II. However, information appeared about the existence of "White Guard conspiracies" for the abduction of the tsar, concentration for this purpose in Tyumen and Tobolsk "conspiratorial officers", and on April 6, 1918, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee decided to transfer the royal family to the Urals. The royal family was transported to Yekaterinburg and placed in the Ipatiev house.

The uprising of the White Czechs and the offensive of the White Guard troops on Yekaterinburg accelerated the decision to shoot the former Tsar.

The commandant of the House of Special Purpose, Yakov Yurovsky, was entrusted with organizing the execution of all members of the royal family, Dr. Botkin and the servants who were in the house.

© Photo: Museum of the History of Yekaterinburg

The scene of the execution is known from the investigation protocols, from the words of the participants and eyewitnesses, and from the stories of the direct performers. Yurovsky told about the execution of the royal family in three documents: "Note" (1920); "Memoirs" (1922) and "Speech at a meeting of old Bolsheviks in Yekaterinburg" (1934). All the details of this atrocity, conveyed by the main participant at different times and under completely different circumstances, agree on how the royal family and its servants were shot.

From documentary sources, it is possible to establish the time when the murder of Nicholas II, members of his family and their servants began. The car that delivered the last order to destroy the family arrived at half past one in the night from July 16-17, 1918. Then the commandant ordered the physician-in-chief Botkin to wake up the royal family. It took the family about 40 minutes to get ready, then they and the servants were transferred to the basement of this house, with a window overlooking Voznesensky Lane. Tsarevich Alexei Nicholas II carried in his arms, since he could not walk due to illness. At the request of Alexandra Fyodorovna, two chairs were brought into the room. She sat on one, Tsarevich Alexei on the other. The rest were positioned along the wall. Yurovsky brought a firing squad into the room and read the sentence.

Here is how Yurovsky himself describes the execution scene: "I invited everyone to stand up. Everyone stood up, occupying the entire wall and one of the side walls. The room was very small. Nikolai stood with his back to me. I announced that the Executive Committee of the Soviets of Workers, Peasants and Soldiers' Deputies Ural decided to shoot them. Nikolai turned and asked. I repeated the order and commanded: “Shoot.” The first shot I shot and killed Nikolai on the spot. The firing lasted a very long time and, despite my hopes that the wooden wall would not ricochet, the bullets bounced off it For a long time I could not stop this shooting, which took on a disorderly character, but when I finally managed to stop it, I saw that many were still alive.For example, Dr. Botkin was lying with his elbow on his right hand, as if in a resting position, with a revolver shot with Alexei, Tatiana, Anastasia and Olga were also alive. Demidova was also alive. Comrade Ermakov wanted to finish the case with a bayonet. But, however, this did not succeed. The reason was found out later. (the daughters were wearing diamond shells like bras). I had to shoot everyone in turn. "

After the death was pronounced, all corpses were transferred to a truck. At the beginning of the fourth hour, at dawn, the bodies of the dead were taken out of the Ipatiev house.

The remains of Nicholas II, Alexandra Fyodorovna, Olga, Tatiana and Anastasia Romanov, as well as those from their entourage, who were shot in the House of Special Purpose (Ipatiev House), were discovered in July 1991 near Yekaterinburg.

On July 17, 1998, the remains of members of the royal family were buried in the Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg.

In October 2008, the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation made a decision on the rehabilitation of the Russian Emperor Nicholas II and members of his family. The Prosecutor General's Office of Russia also decided to rehabilitate members of the imperial family - the grand dukes and princes of blood, executed by the Bolsheviks after the revolution. The servants and close associates of the royal family were rehabilitated, who were executed by the Bolsheviks or were subjected to repression.

In January 2009, the Main Investigation Department of the Investigative Committee under the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation terminated the investigation of the case on the circumstances of the death and burial of the last Russian emperor, members of his family and people from the environment who were shot in Yekaterinburg on July 17, 1918, "due to the expiration of the statute of limitations for responsibility and death of persons who committed premeditated murder "(subparagraphs 3 and 4 of part 1 of article 24 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the RSFSR).

The tragic story of the royal family: from execution to reposeIn 1918, on the night of July 17 in Yekaterinburg, in the basement of the house of the mining engineer Nikolai Ipatiev, the Russian Emperor Nicholas II, his wife Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, their children - Grand Duchesses Olga, Tatyana, Maria, Anastasia, the heir to Tsarevich Alexei were shot.

On January 15, 2009, the investigator issued an order to discontinue the criminal case, however, on August 26, 2010, the judge of the Basmanny District Court of Moscow ruled, in accordance with Article 90 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, to recognize this decision as unfounded and ordered to eliminate the violations. On November 25, 2010, the decision of the investigation to terminate the case was canceled by the Deputy Chairman of the Investigative Committee.

On January 14, 2011, the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation reported that the decision was brought in accordance with the court decision and the criminal case on the death of representatives of the Russian Imperial House and persons from their entourage in 1918-1919 was terminated. The identification of the remains of family members of the former Russian Emperor Nicholas II (Romanov) and persons from his retinue has been confirmed.

On October 27, 2011, there was a resolution to terminate the investigation into the shooting of the royal family. The 800-page resolution contains the main findings of the investigation and indicates the authenticity of the discovered remains of the royal family.

However, the issue of authentication remains open. The Russian Orthodox Church in order to recognize the found remains as the relics of royal martyrs, the Russian Imperial House in this matter supports the position of the ROC. The Director of the Chancellery of the Russian Imperial House emphasized that genetic examination is not enough.

The church canonized Nicholas II and his family and on July 17 marks the day of remembrance of the Holy Royal Passion-Bearers.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources

From the authors of the site: we do not agree with the anti-Stalinist statements of the author. According to recently released documents, Stalin was right about the anti-Soviet conspiracy of military experts in Tsaritsyn, and his timely intervention saved the Soviet Republic. Nikanorov is a brilliant publicist, historian who often presents unique materials, convincingly and convincingly exposing anti-Leninist fakes - at the same time he allows himself such rude anti-Stalinist attacks that the authors of the site cannot afford to post his undoubtedly talented articles and books on the site.

Georgy Nikanorov

V.I. LENIN AND ROMANOVS IN THE CONDITIONS OF A REVOLUTIONARY SITUATION

In the textbook for fifth-graders "Stories from a Native History", published in 1993, without a hint of documentary validity, the following accusation is proclaimed:

"By order from Moscow in the summer of 1918, the former Tsar, his wife, children, as well as the doctor, cook and maid who were with them, only eleven people, were shot in the basement of the house where they had recently lived. So tragically (scary) ended the life of the last king "(p. 175). And on page 174 - a colorful group portrait of the royal family. The use of the term "Tsar's children" in relation to unfortunate, but already grown-up girls, which has become obligatory, helps to awaken in a consciousness devoid of honest information a blinding feeling of unjustified hatred towards Lenin and the revolution.

In 1994, a new textbook was addressed to the tenth graders: "Domestic history. XX century" (Part I). With regard to the execution of the royal family: "The execution was carried out by the decision of the Ural Soviet and, probably, in agreement with Moscow" (p. 219). To all appearances, a deliberate untruth is being established here under the pressure of the newly emerged ideological "twist". At the end of the textbook there is a rather large block of historical photographs, opened by the most striking of them, which depicts the royal family. Among the many comparatively large photographs of the leaders of the white movement, similar in size and brightness to photographs of Stalin, including those with the fascist "colleagues" in the negotiations of the late 1930s, etc. suddenly a small photo of Lenin was lost ...

In 1994, the editor-in-chief of the "Hypoteza" magazine, a history teacher at the "School of a young teacher" at Moscow State University, V.Ya.Khutorskaya, published his own textbook that distorts everything and everything. In his "History of Soviet Russia (1917-1993)", as well as in other completely dishonestly opportunistic publications, it is also asserted that "by order of Lenin and Sverdlov, on the night of July 16-17, 1918, the tsar, his family and servants were shot. "

The appearance of Volkogonov's two-volume book "Lenin" is a more than remarkable phenomenon in an extremely negative sense, for on almost a thousand pages not a single large-scale problem has been disclosed in any way objectively and conscientiously.

Practically the most important thing in our past is "presented" here in accordance with the logic of Stalin's "Short Course", only changed to diametrically opposite "signs", say, assessments of such historical values \u200b\u200bas V.I. Lenin and the last emperor N.A. Romanov.

Volkogonov feigned indignation at the fact that earlier the Central Committee of the RCP (b) considered it necessary "to bring the tsar to court (they did not specify: why? For being the Russian emperor? Or for wanting to keep the great state in peace?)". Further, without a hint of facts and documents, it is proclaimed that (moreover, in advance) "Lenin knew that the whole family of the tsar had been shot." There is really no limit to the cynicism of a high-ranking nomenklatura author (formerly a "loyal" and especially influential party member from among the leaders of the highest "rank"), who has "stuffed" his two-volume book with deliberate falsity and manipulation to the limit. Among other things, Volkogonov did everything to conceal the truth that the tsar was removed from power not by VI Lenin, but by his comrades-in-arms in the monarchist "belief".

What is the true cost of typical tricks, based on a selfish desire to inspire the people that Lenin personally strove for the tragedy in Yekaterinburg in 1918?

There are more than sufficient grounds to assert that it was V. I. Lenin who was categorically opposed to extrajudicial punishments, and even more so - to innocent people who were not involved in anything bad. Much in his position in relation to the Romanov family was predetermined by the most pressing political considerations: perhaps even the flight of the tsar and his loved ones seemed to him a lesser evil from the point of view of the interests of Soviet Russia than any other outcome. And all the more unacceptable he saw not just unlawful, but in essence a criminal murder of the tsar, and even together with his family, doctor and servant. After all, the appearance of the last emperor in the white "camp" could dramatically complicate the position of a number of key figures in this movement, and, of course, would not strengthen the authority of the white leaders in the popular mind.

In this regard, the opinion of one of the prudently purposeful and influential White Guards of the first stage of the civil war, Colonel A.I.Stepanov, quite sympathetically quotes the words of one of his interlocutors, is extremely symptomatic: “The royal family, as well as monarchical principles, are so spattered and filthy that it is hardly whether they will meet with any response among the people ... Therefore, no matter how difficult and painful it may be to admit, monarchist slogans, if you put forward them, will fail completely.My advice to you to wage a decisive struggle under the banner of restoring violated rights ... ". As Colonel Stepanov confessed, "I didn't have to think for a long time ... for opportunistic reasons I had to turn to the banner of the Constituent Assembly" (1).

There is no doubt: all the thinking leaders of the white movement understood that the authority of the tsar was irreparably undermined in connection with the terrible troubles of the war that began in 1914, memories of the humiliating defeats of the Russo-Japanese war, the tragedy on the Khodynskoye field, the shame of Rasputinism. Especially murderous for all the Romanovs was the memory of the bloody massacre of the unarmed, full of naive faith in the tsar, the masses of the capital's inhabitants, popularly perceived as "Bloody Sunday" on January 9, 1905. It is no coincidence that such an outstanding leader of the white movement as General A.I.Denikin noted that the people did not forgive the tsar for this atrocity ... And what were the completely arbitrary massacres, the many thousands of victims of the Stolypin-tsar military field courts!

Some of the current, unfortunately, very influential personalities who direct the "ideological stream", of course, with the help of broken functionaries-propagandists, declare the tragedy of "Bloody Sunday", some - "trifles", some - a completely natural and justified reaction of "God's anointed one. "on the claims of the" rebellious rabble ". This harmonious "chorus" organically includes voices praising the Russian president and even urging him to show almost autocratic toughness and inflexibility towards the "unworthy" bulk of fellow citizens who dream of reforms in the interests of the people, and not grabbers ...

Contrary to speculation and slander, strongly encouraged by the "team" that has been in power since the end of 1991, the facts irrefutably testify that V. I. Lenin not only was not even in the slightest degree involved in the murder of the royal family, but also instructed Ya. M. Sverdlov to prevent such an outcome, and the latter, of course, tried to fulfill the instructions of the head of the Soviet government. This was most clearly manifested in the appointment of V. Yakovlev personally known to Y. Sverdlov as extraordinary commissar, so devoted to the idea of \u200b\u200blegality and justice, the prevention of any excesses in relation to the tsar and his family, that the regional leaders, who occupied a leading and largely uncontrolled position in the Urals at that time, declared him without the slightest reason "traitor to the revolution." And later, he was often portrayed as an enemy agent, allegedly sent to carry out a top-secret mission to save the tsar from the Bolsheviks.

In fact, he was a member of the Leninist party since 1905, a convinced and determined participant in the revolutionary movement. V. Yakovlev (real name Konstantin Myachin), an active participant in the October Uprising, delegate to the II Congress of Soviets, was appointed commissar at the central telegraph station by the Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee. Subsequently, after returning to Moscow, Yakovlev was appointed commander-in-chief of the troops of the Ural-Orenburg front, operating against Dutov, then commander and commissar of the 2nd Army of the Eastern Front (it included formations operating in the Ufa and Orenburg directions) (2).

Enjoyed the confidence of the Leninist center, an impeccably honest revolutionary party member who reacted with organic rejection to the extremist aspirations of pseudo-revolutionaries, firmly and selflessly strove to fulfill the decision of the Bolshevik Central Committee of May 19, 1918 "Do not take anything yet towards Nikolai" And, of course, an unambiguous directive, in accordance with which the minutes of the meeting of the committee of the Red Guard detachment of special purpose wrote the following on April 22, 1918: "The life of the prisoners is guaranteed by the heads of everyone who fails to protect, and everyone who makes an attempt on the life of the family of the former tsar or an attempt to take away or transfer without the order of Comrade Yakovlev. " It is easy to imagine what this testified to in conditions when the leadership of Soviet Russia (especially in connection with the signing of the Brest Peace) was loudly accused of all mortal sins not only by the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries, anarchists, but also by a certain part of the members of the Bolshevik Party, up to a number of those, who was part of its leadership. Moreover, as a fact of "betrayal" was also pointed to the "careful" attitude of the Soviet government to the tsarist family, in response to the louder and more widely spread demands for the execution of the former emperor.

Lenin's desire to protect the royal family is also evidenced by the words of the then chairman of the Tyumen provincial executive committee, N. Nemtsov, that Yakovlev, having appeared to him, presented a mandate signed by V. I. Lenin to "remove Nikolai Romanov from Tobolsk and deliver him to Moscow . " ... It was impossible to quickly and clearly solve the problem of moving the royal family in full force due to the serious illness of Alexei's son. Time passed, the situation changed and the plan to move to Moscow was thwarted.

The fact that a sharp deterioration in the health of the already extremely painful teenager Alexei ruled out the timely transfer of the royal family to Moscow is quite understandable. But the extreme passivity of many active monarchists, from the summer of 1917 to the summer of 1918, when it was not so difficult to take away the royal family, seems more than strange. Why did no one take advantage of the very real opportunities of this kind? It was about this that the tutor of the heir P. Gilliard mentioned (3). And the daughter of the tsarist doctor E. S. Botkin, T. Melnik-Botkina, even testified that the soldiers of one of the platoons of the special-purpose detachment informed Colonel Kobylinsky that on their duty they "would allow their majesties to leave safely" (4).

The monarchists of that and subsequent times reproached each other many times for the actual refusal to save the royal family, which was quite feasible, including, of course, when the Provisional Government was at the head of Russia. The current "authorities", who have flooded the press and the TV screen, keep mum about this, and even more so about the "passivity" of, for example, the British leadership, including members of the royal family - rather close relatives of the last tsar. From April to June 1917, the next stage of negotiations between the Provisional Government and the government of the British Empire on granting asylum to the royal family continued. According to the testimony of the former Minister of Foreign Affairs Tereshchenko, as well as Kerensky and Milyukov, a visit was planned by a British cruiser, which was to take on board the Romanov family in Murmansk. Through the Danish ambassador, a guarantee against the threat from German submarines was confirmed. Their attack on a cruiser with a royal family was out of the question. But from England "at the end of June or the beginning of July ... we got a final refusal" (5). These are just a few of the many facts ...

Still, very, very much testifies in favor of the belief that both the former emperor and his relatives were absolutely not needed by those who, it would seem, like no one else, had to do anything to save them. It seems that in the subconscious of the key figures of the monarchist camp, up to the main foreign patrons of Russian reactionaries of the highest rank (including the Romanovs' relatives who ruled in some places outside of Russia), something "inexplicable" was really happening. Probably, some of them have matured in their souls an interest in a fatal outcome, quite possible in the immensely confused and often almost uncontrollable conditions of the summer of 1918. Why? Yes, because the tragic death of the former tsar and the people closest to him in an atmosphere of spontaneous and brutal confusion, which was still unbridled in 1918, could be used against Soviet Russia. This was a factor that, both then and at the end of our century, worked in an extremely ominous way precisely against progress, social justice and the reputation of the power of the Soviets.

The cruelty of those times is known, for example, Winston Churchill admitted that "they (foreign interventionist troops - GN) killed Soviet people as soon as they caught their eye; they remained on Russian soil as conquerors." It is also quite natural that the commanders of foreign troops, in accordance with the instructions of their political leaders, in every possible way encouraged the recklessly treacherous and most unbridled in their inhumanity, terrifyingly bloodthirsty, such of their henchmen as Krasnov, Semyonov and the like ...

At the same time, it should be noted that the Ural leading group at that time practically did not depend on the instructions of the center, relied on a multitude of essentially partisan and semi-partisan units, which were essentially impossible to resist, despite the extraordinary powers of Yakovlev and the detachment headed by him, the task which was the prevention of arbitrariness in relation to the royal family. It is no coincidence that the former emperor said that he would not like to go to the Urals, where, as he knows, they are "sharply against him." The Urals, who acted almost "independently", were eager to establish their complete control over the former tsar and all those who were near him. V. Yakovlev had to keep them all alive, taking them out of Tobolsk, where they were sent back under the Provisional Government.

However, in spite of the "broadest powers" given to Commissar Yakovlev by the Council of People's Commissars, whose head was V. I. Lenin, the local leadership in the Urals and the military units subordinate to him then behaved extremely arbitrarily. Ahead of Yakovlev's detachment was Zaslavsky's detachment, directly subordinate to the Ural leadership, and the escorting detachment, commanded by Brusyatsky, “closed” the escort. Someone clearly thought about how to "recapture" the Romanov family from Yakovlev, and he even found himself forced to temporarily arrest one of the "Urals". However, the matter did not come to shooting ... A kind of tactical confrontation continued even when the royal family was moved by rail. After the train with the royal family from Yekaterinburg, another special train was sent ... Yakovlev openly and angrily condemned the "partisan actions of the Urals", claiming that "he had no other intention than to save the former Tsar on the instructions of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee."

The commander of one of the Ural detachments stated that “Commissar Yakovlev came here and wants to take Romanov to Moscow, and then they seem to have decided to send him abroad. And we have the following task: to deliver him to Yekaterinburg by all means ". At the same time, Sverdlov asked Yakovlev if he was too nervous, if he was exaggerating the danger, and ordered him: "Go to Omsk, telegraph on arrival ... I will give further instructions to Omsk. Move." However, Yakovlev's attempt to carry out Ya.M. Sverdlov's order to transfer the royal family to Omsk, and not to Yekaterinburg, was thwarted.

The Ural Regional Council was gripped by irreconcilably vengeful emotions, Yakovlev was declared a traitor to the revolution and it was planned to stop the train going to Omsk and send it to Yekaterinburg under threat of execution. In case of disobedience, it was decided to destroy the train, of course, along with the passengers, and the attempt by the central leadership from Moscow to curb the presumptuous local extremists of the highest leadership level there ends with an attack against Sverdlov and even Lenin. In a telegram of ultimatum content, sent to the central leadership, it was stated: "The regional council ... states that the CEC presidium made a responsible decision without notifying the regional council in advance, thereby committing an act that clearly discredits the regional council ... We consider the only way out of this situation I will give you an order to return Yakovlev to Yekaterinburg. Your answer and the whole story are being discussed at the upcoming regional party conference. "

On April 29, the chairman of the Omsk Regional Council V. Kosarev, who is absolutely loyal to Lenin, sent a telegram in which he called the accusation of V. Yakovlev of treason "the result of a criminal misunderstanding", and in the next called on "the Ural workers not to make separate statements and in this case to fulfill the order exactly Moscow ". But neither the Omsk leader, nor Ya.M. Sverdlov, and even V.I.Lenin himself, had in those conditions any real opportunity with chances of success to resist the willfulness of those who held the Ural region in their hands. As a result, they had to hope for a successful outcome, having received from the chairman of the Uraloblsovet A. Beloborodov firm guarantees of the safety of the royal family. Having no real levers of administrative and military influence on local leaders, Sverdlov, in order to avoid further aggravation of the situation, which at any moment could completely get out of control, ordered to send the ill-fated train back to Tyumen, and from there to Yekaterinburg ... it is known about the approach of the Czechoslovak detachments and formations of the White Guard Siberian Army to Yekaterinburg, the reason presented itself, and the execution was carried out.

Alas, there were many shootings at that time, and they were not started by the Bolsheviks. Until the end of days, for example, the person closest to the author of these lines experienced the execution of young communists, anarchists, socialist-revolutionaries, as well as other "undesirable elements" (due to their revolutionary convictions), which followed at the moment when the Denikinites burst into Kursk. In this city in 1917, a very popular youth club arose, where, in fact, still boys and girls of different ideological orientations met regularly, passionately argued, exchanged information, puzzled over questions like who and how will be able to save Russia and the whole world from an abyss of misfortunes and injustices. Only for this, of course, those (almost children) were hanged who were revolutionary and simply anti-reactionary ... She was saved from a similar fate (at that moment a very active supporter of the ideas of Pyotr Kropotkin, although she was a completely "green" girl anarchist ) only because the elderly revolutionary-political prisoner who took care of the youth political club then persuaded her to sit in the last echelon with some difficulty, and those who disobeyed and remained in Kursk ended up on the gallows ... By the way, it is worth noting in passing that by the will of key figures from among the uncontrollably ruling in Russia since 1992, the terribly "objective" media, and above all television, do not mention in a single word the countless victims of the white terror, "ramming" into the mass consciousness only an extremely distorted idea of \u200b\u200bthe so-called. n. red terror.

For almost a dozen years, almost every day it has been written, it is said, shown in a multitude of invented "enticing" verbal patterns, God knows what about the tragedy of the family of the last emperor, and at the same time, of course, not a single word of honor about its true culprits! In the same series of "depictions" is the hatred that the Ulyanov family allegedly possesses towards all the Romanovs down to small children! In particular, there are endless references to the death of Nicholas II's brother, Mikhail, and several other victims from among the Romanovs. But not a word is said about the role played by the "combustible material" accumulated in the country against the oppressors of all stripes, which was completely uncontrollable from Moscow. Meanwhile, Lenin, for example, gave the opportunity to leave the country to the widow and young son of Mikhail Romanov, who did not consider it possible to accept the crown offered to him by the last tsar ...

In our time, malicious and biased propaganda is becoming more common. Just like a miracle, you remember that a few years ago, for the first time, an intelligent, conscientious person appeared on the screen, by no means one of those lightweight primitive "aristocratic authorities" who glorify autocratic monarchical authorities to the skies more and more often on the TV screen. charms "and admire their own noble or other" noble "origins. Before us appeared the descendant of the reigning house Nikolai Romanov. And he said something at the present time, not just far from the official politico-pseudo-historical fashion, but also organically incompatible with it. The family of this extremely conscientious and intelligent person still retains a grateful memory of the revolutionary sailor Zadorozhny, who was attached at that most difficult time to this "branch" of the dynasty. Before this convinced party member-Leninist, the task was set to protect the relatives of the last emperor from the whole Romanov family, who were thirsting for "lime at the root".

As a disciplined revolutionary and decent man, he coped with his mission with amazing success for the situation. Judging by the story of the now living Grand Duke Nikolai Romanov, the revolutionary who took care of his parents and other relatives was not only a brave man, but also extremely non-stereotypical, which manifested itself in a critical situation when, in order to exclude the fatal outcome of the case entrusted to him, he handed weapons to men Romanov, who attracted especially close and extremely unkind attention of local extremists due to family ties with the extremely unpopular former king.

Prince Nikolai Romanov, who lives, as it is now customary to express himself, in the far abroad, considered himself obliged, in fact, to call for a truly objective, completely free from vengefulness (and blatant self-interest) assessment of the tragic pages of our common past. That is, not to push together millions and millions of people with their foreheads, to prevent anything similar to unprincipled aggressive settling of scores, completely eliminating the implantation of intoxicating "reflexes".

It is also worth noting that even after the dethroning of the German emperor during the November 1918 revolution, the factor of the German origin of many Romanovs did not lose its significance. However, not only from the point of view of taking into account a number of the most urgent and significant foreign policy factors, but also based on the internal Russian situation, delivered, say, to Moscow safe and sound, the family of the last emperor could become not the least important lever of weakening military confrontation, albeit difficult but negotiations tending to soften mutual bitterness.

There is hardly any reason for doubt: Vladimir Ilyich Lenin was the decisive and salutary figure of the revolutionary camp, leading the forces opposing pseudo-revolutionary bloodthirstiness in Soviet Russia. But the "round" of the summer of 1918 - his attempts to save the family of the last tsar and a number of his other relatives - he still lost. This cost dearly not only to those who perished in those already rather distant times, but also to many of their contemporaries (by no means tsarist origin), but also to subsequent generations ...

Why did the tragedy of the last tsar and some of his relatives, as well as other people close to him become inevitable? Not only because of the temporary lack of control of the Leninist center of the leading extremists of the Urals region. An immeasurably more significant and decisive factor that predetermined the Yekaterinburg and a number of other tragedies of the same kind was that Nicholas II and his relatives were needed by the key figures of the interventionist powers and the white movement precisely dead, and by no means alive and well, and even claiming to be the main role in the anti-Soviet camp. No less inhuman and in essence especially ominous was the position of the leaders of the leading imperialist powers, for whom the hopelessly bankrupt and compromised last tsar of Russia could only become an additional "burden" and "headache." All the more since, fueling the white movement, they were eager to tear apart and pull apart a huge power "piece by piece", leaving a semicolonial "stump" from its endless expanses.

The "uselessness" of Nikolai Aleksandrovich, even to his crowned relatives who ruled in some places, manifested itself soon after the revolution. Attempts to save the lives of members of the House of Romanov were made, for example, by the Spanish royal family. In October 1917, King Alphonse XIII and the Spanish government tried to reach an understanding in London to sign an appropriate agreement with the Provisional Government to organize the departure of the king and his family through Finland and Sweden. To this end, the Spanish king personally addressed the King of England George the Fifth, the nephew of Maria Feodorovna (the dowager empress, mother of Nicholas II, who, therefore, was the cousin of the English monarch ... - G.N.), as well as the royal people of Sweden and Norway, but his appeal was not successful "(6).

Practically all the "evidence" of the alleged guilt of the Soviet leadership in the bitter fate of the last emperor and his relatives, pseudo-democratic "authorities" derive from the investigator Sokolov, on behalf of Kolchak, who was dealing with the case of the royal family. (By the way, A.V. Kolchak, apparently, was very afraid of accusations that he, in fact, did not do anything serious for the very possible salvation of the tsar and his relatives, and therefore the investigator had in this regard a very definite "order" for "dumping "responsibility for what happened on VI Lenin and his associates). In this regard, much could be understood, having received accurate information about the background of the mistrustful attitude towards Sokolov of the Tsar's mother, who refused to meet with him, and about why this investigator did not succeed in winning over to his side the then most authoritative of the Romanovs, Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich (the uncle of the last emperor), who also did not want to accept him. It would also be worthwhile to find out the reason for Sokolov's very early and mysterious death in 1924 in exile.

However, it would be a sin not to express satisfaction at least with the fact that the truth is also recognized by such a modern lawyer as the senior criminal prosecutor of the General Prosecutor's Office of Russia V.N. Soloviev. In his opinion, it is clear from the new documents that the plan to liquidate the entire family of Nicholas II belonged to the Yekaterinburg leaders. This, in particular, is evidenced by the recording of a conversation over a direct wire between Yakov Sverdlov and the military commissar of the Ural region F. Goloschekin, which is a serious argument "in favor of the fact that the direct decision to shoot the royal family was made in Yekaterinburg" (7).

The crime in Yekaterinburg could not solve any of the most difficult problems of that time, if only because it cemented, strengthened the ranks of forces opposing the creative, humane, truly socialist renewal of society. Awaiting an objective, thorough, honest trial, unpopular like none of his predecessors for the entire more than three hundred years of the Romanov dynasty, the tsar, who was under arrest in Moscow, would not pose a threat to Soviet Russia and, on the contrary, could very seriously interfere with the activation and consolidation of forces intervention and various currents of the white movement. But his tragic death could not but affect in a diametrically opposite way, for which he had to pay not only during the years of military confrontation. That is why he was needed by the most aggressive foreign and the darkest counter-revolutionary, selfishly anti-popular forces in Russia itself, namely the dead, not the living.

As for V.I. Lenin and his associates personally, their adherence to the norms of humanity was inherent (in spite of all the current propaganda concoction) in relation to any person, including when it came to innocent members of the recently ruled Russia dynasty. A typical example of this kind was the attitude towards the wife and the little boy - the son of the tsar's brother, Mikhail.

Any uncontrollably ruling cruel politician of the 30s, 40s or 90s of our century would most likely not interfere with the destruction of a helpless woman and child in those conditions, but in the midst of a military confrontation with the forces of foreign aggression and White Guards, when everything "hung literally by a thread "and the country was under the threat of foreign colonization, the leaders of the state simply could not help but provide them with the opportunity to leave Soviet Russia. Moreover, both the widow and her son lived happily in exile many years after the death of the founder and first leader of Soviet society.

In the course of the slanderous "merrymaking" being promoted for many years, aimed primarily against Lenin, the "new" rulers and their television, newspaper and other henchmen do not hesitate to block in some way even with ignorant murderers of bygone days! It goes without saying that the tragedy associated with the fate of the last tsar's younger brother, Mikhail Romanov, is also used with cynical shamelessness. At the same time, even the initiator and main culprit of the murder of the last tsar's closest relative, in favor of whom he abdicated during the February Revolution, is portrayed as a true Bolshevik-Leninist. In this case, we are talking about Gabriel Myasnikov, expelled from the party and put on trial in Lenin's times, but who managed to escape and live in Paris for many years. For some reason he was not tried there ...

In the 90s of the outgoing twentieth century, an almost self-evident "explanation" for the death of Tsar Mikhail's brother is the one that was "placed" in the officialdom of the Yeltsin regime in "Rossiyskaya Gazeta", 09.10.99. "On the June night of 1918, the Chekists dragged Mikhail Alexandrovich out of bed, pushed him out into the street and took him out of town, into the forest, where they killed him ... The next morning they announced that Mikhail Romanov had been kidnapped by the White Guards. They even organized their" search "..." : Semi-criminal elements are declared "chekists", hinting that they operated on the orders of Dzerzhinsky, who allegedly fulfilled Lenin's "wish"! And there are many naive people who believe this.

The reputation of the king's brother, who immediately renounced the throne offered to him (in the presence of a positive attitude towards him from the ruling circles and, above all, the military leadership, apparently in full strength), but who did not want to establish himself on the throne with the help of violence, was quite decent. First of all, for this reason, when M.A. Romanov turned to a particularly trusted, close ally of V.I. Lenin - the head of the Council of People's Commissars V.D. Bonch-Bruevich with a request to issue him a document confirming that the former Grand Duke and the closest relative of the latter Tsar, is not an enemy of Soviet power, followed by a completely benevolent reaction. He was given a mandate certifying this on the letterhead of the Council of People's Commissars.

The loyal attitude of the leadership of the new Russia to the most "weighty" representative of the recently ruled "House of Romanov" was manifested not only in the issuance of a fundamentally very important document of the most authoritative body of power of that time. The positive attitude towards the former Grand Duke extended so far that his request for the removal of Cheka's supervision from him was granted.

Did V.I.Lenin and his associates have any reason to treat M.A. Romanov with trust that was unusual at that time? Yes. For the information about his conscientious life position was quite convincing. Moreover, it was difficult to deny him sensitivity and foresight. Even if V.I. Lenin and other most civilized leaders of Soviet power had no idea about the letter of this man to his then reigning elder brother, who in the most fateful moments showed an amazing limitation, spiritual inertia on the verge of a complete loss of a sense of reality. It remains only to assume how painfully Mikhail Romanov was worried because of, in essence, perhaps the anomalous readiness of the last tsar to repeat and almost replicate the same mistakes that have long been characteristic of him ...

So, apparently, the last attempt of the Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich to prevent a fatal outcome failed, because Nicholas II could not seriously think about the content of the more than sad, but prophetic letter of his younger brother. "... I am deeply alarmed and worried about everything that is happening around us. The change in the mood of the most well-meaning people is amazing; resolutely from all sides I notice a way of thinking that inspires me with serious fears not only for you and for the fate of our family, but even for the integrity of the state system ... I came to the conclusion that we are standing on a volcano and that the slightest spark, the slightest erroneous step could cause a catastrophe for you, for all of us and for Russia ... "However, the emperor remained true to himself, committing one "wrong step" after another! What was the cost, for example, of the "removal" of the IV-th State Duma, extremely reactionary, in which the monarchists were the overwhelming majority! Only because from its rostrum one could sometimes hear speeches "undesirable" for the tsar and especially for the tsarina, who was even ready to hang other and relatively "well-meaning" deputies (like Kerensky) ... As if the emperor deliberately sought self-isolation among the "upper classes "!!!

Oddly enough, but the last autocrat, even in February 1917, was still essentially "wilting", taking seriously the downright painfully stupid "revelations" of the tsarina: "Yesterday there were riots on Vasilievsky Island and on Nevsky, because the poor took They smashed Filippov to smithereens and the Cossacks were summoned against them. Hooliganism, boys and girls running around and shouting that they have no bread - just to create excitement - and workers who prevent others from working. If the weather were very cold they would probably all stay at home. But all this will pass and calm down, if only the Duma behaves well. The worst speeches are not published ... I hope that Kerensky from the Duma will be hanged for his terrible speech - this is necessary (military law , wartime) and this will be an example. Everyone is eager and begging you to be firm ... All the troubles from this yawning audience. " And this spiritually weak couple, extremely primitive in their self-confidence, who ruled in a huge country in the most pernicious way, for a dozen years, Yeltsin and the key figures of his propaganda servants have been portrayed as wise, kind, crystal clear rulers of "happy" Russia, allegedly overthrown by the allegedly "cruel" Lenin, who was then in exile! ... And not only that: pseudo-democrats who seized power and wealth, ruining millions of lives in a matter of years, just V.I. Lenin, who did everything possible to save the Romanovs from lynching, accused of inhumanity!

That is why, in a row of many others, similar, and there is another publication "Lenin was very pleased ...", and these words are taken from the confession of Myasnikov - the main killer of M.A. Romanov, whose claims of conscientiousness are simply immoral not to reject, as a deliberate lie. It goes without saying that it is extremely beneficial for prudent slanderers "not to specify" thanks to whom the members of the Romanov family were able to survive, and where they were in mortal danger. However, why not commit yet another falsifying vileness, accusing Lenin of not just anyone but personally of Lenin in the "villainous" attitude towards the tsar's brother? And why not, due to the complete lack of elementary decency among the current "powers that be" and their "servants"! So the pseudo-revolutionary, capable of self-willfulness up to the most unbridled break with the norms of humanity, has "fit in". And therefore, he had reason (at least - in the subconscious) to hate Lenin and resist him. Quoted half-phrase, taken from the "memoirs" of someone who proved his ability to treachery and cruelty, and became the headline of an article of little respect, published in "Moskovskaya Pravda" on 14.05.96.

The main thing is to understand that Myasnikov, who was extremely influential at that moment in Perm, behaved towards an absolutely decent person, such as the tsar's younger brother, as the initiator and organizer of a villainous act committed without the knowledge and in spite of the Leninist center. The unauthorized arrest and execution of Mikhail Romanov for the time being was concealed with the help of a false version about his escape with the help of "unknown kidnappers", about the need to organize a search, etc. Although in reality it was, perhaps, almost a criminal murder and robbery of the Grand Duke, along with Secretary Johnson, who followed him of his own free will and to his own death, who was finished off in the style of criminals, "removing" witnesses ...

Myasnikov himself claimed that, they say, "the Kremlin is making a mistake," which must be corrected with the hands of his henchmen who fully trusted him. Subsequently, Myasnikov did not accidentally carry deliberate nonsense, justifying the murder: "Mikhail and his entourage are the headquarters, the main headquarters, on which the course, and, perhaps, the outcome of the war depends. Having this headquarters in your hands, not to destroy it means to help the enemy to beat us ... We must carry out the sentence of history. " Of course, people like Myasnikov had nothing to do with Lenin's concept of transforming society on the basis of genuine progress and humanity. It is for this reason that he was expelled from the party even under Lenin, and for his "art" he even ended up in prison.

Nevertheless, Gabriel Myasnikov left us his self-revealing manuscript "The Philosophy of Murder, or Why and How I Killed Mikhail Romanov." And now it is possible to refute the slander and as a result of the revelations of G. Myasnikov, who accused the Leninist leadership of actually conniving at Mikhail Romanov. "They want to arrange an escape (...) And if he has not escaped so far, it is only because he is a lazy fool!" And then Myasnikov reveals the depth of his contradictions with those who led Soviet Russia from the Kremlin. “He will be killed, it’s clear, but it’s clear to me and my comrades, to whom I trust my secret, but for everyone he fled. And good. And how will Sverdlov and Lenin react to this? And no matter how they react, it makes no difference to me . I know my duty, I will fulfill it, and then let them sleep on me at least "(8).

Moreover, Myasnikova is "drawn" not only to insulting abuse addressed to her victim - MA Romanov, of course, absolutely unfounded, containing nothing but primitive hatred ("stupid", "dirty trick", etc. .), but also on hostile, albeit hidden attacks against V.I. Lenin and Ya.M. Sverdlov. If Myasnikov did not know Mikhail Romanov at all and only once caught a glimpse of him before the murder, which he personally organized, then he should have had a fairly thorough understanding of the head of the Soviet government and the chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. However, nothing but irritation awakens in him their telegrams demanding to grant the brother of the former tsar complete freedom, which he explains to himself only by "games of humanism" harmful to the working class. Therefore, Myasnikov, with a light heart, deals with his victim and his secretary, immediately spreading false information about their escape. The leaders of Soviet Russia, according to Myasnikov, will only have to make excuses, proving their innocence in the crime: "Lenin and Sverdlov can trump" Here are the orders, here are the telegraph orders ... "(9).

Especially socially dangerous was the fact that Myasnikov, not without reason, hoped that the massacre of M.A. Romanov would serve as a signal for the destruction of all the Romanovs who are still alive and are in the hands of Soviet power. "Well, let it ... It is necessary to carry out the sentence of history. And hesitation is not and should not be a place" (10). The "hesitant" Lenin and Ya.M. Sverdlov, but in fact - normal people who resisted murder, in 1918 still did not have the opportunity to suppress the counterrevolutionary unbridledness of the dark, or even deliberately bad, elements that great and noble ideals. Most likely, Myasnikov did not understand that the end of the "House of Romanovs" is the elimination of the monarchical form of government in Russia, and by no means the murder of defenseless people who had the right to life, like everyone else, especially not criminal fellow citizens ...

Among other things, the atrocity of Myasnikov and his henchmen may have become a kind of inspiring signal for the Yekaterinburg extremists, shortly after the execution of M.A. Romanov near Perm, they also finished with the former emperor and the people closest to him. With some morbidly anomalous self-righteousness, Myasnikov asserted: "On the side of Lenin and Sverdlov there is only authority, and on mine is the authority of truth and my authority." How easy it is to "raise" your own, existing only in your imagination, authority ...

And today the image of a "Leninist" appears in the media, they say, as if carrying out the will of the head of the Soviet country, and even allegedly trampling the unfortunate boy Alexei with his boots. Such is the lie proclaimed according to the "norms" of the dirtiest slander of our day! Perhaps this particularly disgusting trick, calculated to deceive tens of millions of our fellow citizens, is just an accidental breakdown of a TV journalist, “for no reason, for no reason,” with all the conveniences "located" with all the conveniences in the "historical" TV programs of RTR. But what is the price of a generalizing slanderous, criminally dirty "information" as if this was the beginning of the massacre of babies from noble and bourgeois families ?!

Either the accomplices of such actions will prove their case by historical facts, documents, objective evidence, or they should be brought to the strictest responsibility in accordance with legal norms. If the malice of both them and the "highest" inspirers of this black deed is proven, then, at least until the end of their days, no decent person should shake hands with them. Slander should be punishable at least in this way, because in reality it is unlikely that among all the responsible political values \u200b\u200bof that most difficult period, and even the current historical stage, there was a person who, to a greater extent than V. I. Lenin, hated bloodthirsty excesses, and even such, the victims of which were children. Only the criminal elements of today can claim that in Lenin's times, the key figures could have desired reprisals against at least one child or adolescent, including "on the occasion" of his belonging to the Romanov dynasty, or to another aristocratic or bourgeois family! For any proven fact of such an act, especially in relation to children, under Lenin, a severe punishment was imposed.

There is every reason to believe that for such the most conscientious leaders of the white movement as A.I. Denikin, cruelty of a similar kind was just as unacceptable as for V.I. Lenin, for personally he was also one of the normal decent people. The only difference was that already in 1919, V. I. Lenin still managed to establish quite effective control over the most difficult situation of the period of foreign invasion and the civil war he had predetermined, putting an end to the element of excesses that nearly overwhelmed our country to a dangerous extent. in 1918. But the leaders of the so-called. the white movement in the sphere of its competence in the territory controlled by them was not able to do the same, which, incidentally, became one of the decisive factors that predetermined their isolation from the bulk of their fellow citizens and (including for this reason) the inevitable final defeat.

For many years now, the pseudo-democrats who have ruled in Russia, of course, cannot help but evade answers to elementary questions in their thirst to irreparably trample on historical truth. (Up to the proclamation of the alleged "salvation" and in no way irreplaceable "beneficence" of the autocratic-monarchical, "primordially Russian foundations".) Among many others, the following fact deserves attention: why, for example, the bourgeois Provisional Government even before V.I. Lenin of the Great October Revolution, on his own initiative, abolished the monarchy and proclaimed Russia a republic?

In the same way, it is far from accidental, and not somehow, but personally, the English king addressed the government with a demand to cancel the proposal to grant the tsar political asylum in Great Britain, made shortly after the abdication of the Russian emperor from the throne! The British Foreign Office has long denied the cancellation of the proposal and recognized it only in the 30s (11). Of course, Reuters rightly condemns George V, but the main thing here is that the vast multimillion masses of the most socially active and, of course, thinking "subjects" resolutely rejected Nicholas II and the monarchist "order" in general! It is truly impossible to count the evidence of this kind. For example, long-liver Yevgenia Mikhailovna Podshivalova, when asked if she remembers the revolution, answered: “Of course, I was 9 years old then. The whole village was shouting“ Down with the Tsar! ”Once at a meeting a woman saddled a red horse without a tail and under With a red flag, she led us across the river to Kournikovo - some lady lived there. We gathered at her estate and shouted: “Down with Nicholas!” We lived poorly under the Tsar Father. We ate bread with vetch, walked in sandals. The village was large but poor. The roofs were thatched, there was no light, no kerosene. Torch was burnt in the huts. We buried under Lenin, he did not offend the peasants "(12).

The opinion of an elderly peasant woman in something most important completely coincides with what even the most thinking of the relatives of the last emperor experienced more than eight decades ago during the period of the irreversible collapse of tsarism. It is no coincidence that one of them wrote on a letterhead with a grand ducal crown at the beginning of March 1917: “Regarding our rights and, in particular, mine, to the succession to the throne, I, passionately loving my Motherland, fully subscribe to those thoughts that are expressed in the act of refusal Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich. Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich "(13).

But the modern writer, Boris Vasiliev, who was awarded the Yeltsin Order and declares his deep respect for him, mainly propagates what is in the interests of this regime, claiming that after the 1917 revolution, all the best and most valuable was allegedly mutilated and destroyed. Vasiliev immediately "clarifies" that "the Bolsheviks and Soviet Power committed the greatest crimes against their own people." "They exterminated the nobility and the old intelligentsia, destroyed the church, took away the land from the peasantry. Lack of property is the basis of immorality. In the city the philistine triumphed, in the countryside, the lumpen. The new masters of Russia got what they wanted - a gigantic immoral lumpenized mass. Take it naked. hands and do with it what you want "(14).

In any case, this person seeks to either meaningfully or subconsciously follow in Yeltsin's footsteps. After all, back in 1992, he "won" the applause of the American congressmen, saying that everything that happened in our country since 1917 was "a complete nightmare." The then ruler lied and lied as usual without proof, but quite prudently. But how can a person who is not at all stupid and untalented by nature descend to the same level! What's the matter here?

An old peasant woman pays tribute to October 1917, honestly confirming that "we lived under Lenin," while "under the tsar-father we lived badly," and we "ate bread with vetch"? How can Vasiliev even "not know" this? And also the fact that immediately after the defeat of the troops of the foreign invasion and their White Guard satellites, under Lenin's NEP, the peasants really became "free masters on free land"? It was for this reason that agriculture began to flourish then. In these times, the people ate satisfyingly and efficiently, which was not rot in tsarist times, nor the usurpatory triumphant of the Stalinist anti-socialist coup!

Vasiliev is just as far from the truth in almost every word of the above. The assertion that the church was destroyed is also blasphemous. The purposeful destruction of many churches and priests began only after the ominous triumphs associated with Stalin's collectivization and "the elimination of the kulaks as a class." And the troubles of the intelligentsia, saved by V.I. Lenin, A.V. Lunacharsky, A.M. Gorky and their associates, thanks to which an unprecedented flourishing of education, health care, science and culture took place in the 1920s, also began only as undermining Leninist norms in the conditions of Stalin's seizure of uncontrollably tyrannical power.

Perhaps it will seem completely unexpected to someone, but here lies a lot of the Russian officer corps, which predetermined the irreconcilable split, on which the course of our history depended to a great extent, not only in the years after 1917. For example, in Germany, after the liquidation of the monarchy during the revolution of the end of 1918, the majority of officers were almost monolithically regressive and anti-people (which, among other things, predetermined the coming triumph of Hitlerism). It played a decisive role in the fact that the movement of the masses for a better future for their country was literally drowned in blood in Berlin, and in Bavaria, and in other places in the very first post-war years. But among the Russian officers there were many who sympathized with their suffering people and especially the peasantry, among whom tens of millions were in an unbearably humiliated and distressful situation. The foreign imperialist invasion, armed to the teeth, also played a role, literally tearing the country to pieces.

The process of delimitation proceeded with the utmost clarity in two directions. First of all, it was necessary to decide: or not to go along with the huge majority (mainly peasant) of the population, terribly crushed, brought to the extreme of poverty by the pre-revolutionary regime, for the sake of saving it from eternal troubles? Thus, recognizing the correctness of V. I. Lenin and simultaneously saving his great country from disintegration and colonization by foreign aggressors! Such a decision was taken primarily by sacrificial natures, sometimes on the verge of complete self-denial, like the young wounded front-line soldier, Staff Captain Mikhail Zoshchenko, that is, the most consistent advocates of a good attitude towards the overwhelming majority of fellow citizens. Of the true humanist intellectuals with officer's shoulder straps on their shoulders, there were a surprisingly many of them. However, most of the former officers who served in the Red Army were, at first, nevertheless, apparently, of those who, gritting their teeth, did not accept much of what was happening after October 1917, still did not see any other way out. Indeed, before their very eyes, the most worthy of the leaders of the white movement, not to mention monsters such as Krasnov, Semyonov and the like, with fatal inevitability turned out to be puppets in the hands of German, Japanese, English, French, American and other dismembers and destroyers of their long-suffering Motherland!

Of course, in the ranks of the white movement there were many subjectively honest people, including officers, full of good intentions, but still the main thing there was predetermined by those who simply tried to return "their own" lands given by the Soviet government to those who suffered from land shortages, which means , and hopeless need, the peasantry. Moreover, it was with the "help of" foreign "well-wishers" patrons who armed them and aimed against their native people, simultaneously sending their troops to Russia with deliberately predatory, criminal, fatal goals for the Motherland and its multimillion-dollar mass of patriotic workers ... Fortunately , most of the former officers responded to Lenin's call to defend their country, and this call was resolutely supported by a significant part of the former tsarist military leaders, the brightest and largest figure among whom was the famous and most talented of the pre-revolutionary military leaders Alexei Alekseevich Brusilov ... Together with a significant group of his former fellow generals, he called on the officers to forget all the grievances and hardships for the sake of saving the Motherland, to go to achieve this goal to the end together with his people and the Soviet government.

A colossal and irreplaceable role for the sake of saving the officer corps (which included a lot of those who, like A.A. Brusilov, were of noble origin) and in the name of self-preservation, revival, the greatness of our country was played by the fact that V.I. Lenin, together with his true associates, managed to suppress the anti-officer, anti-noble, etc. terror, and thus - to protect the Russian officers from vengefully embittered and simply dark extremists, among whom many self-styled themselves as those who supposedly really personified Soviet power. It is known, for example, that soon after the February Revolution, the fiercely minded dark section of the sailors "in one fell swoop" interrupted many officers led by admirals Viren and Butakov. By the way, as soon as the Bolsheviks, even before the October Revolution, became the most influential leading force in such a body as Tsentrobalt, which had a decisive influence on the sailors' masses, something like the aforementioned tragedy became unlikely, and then completely impossible. And immediately after coming to power, V.I. Lenin, together with his followers, managed firmly and decisively not only to suppress the terrible anti-officer excesses, but also to begin the mass attraction of those who began to be called military experts to command and staff posts in the Red Army, up to the highest.

Of course, anti-officer breakdowns could and, unfortunately, did occur here and there, and the most influential "specialist" in this area was Stalin, who concocted the so-called Alekseev case in Tsaritsyno, who ordered the execution of the criminally slandered former officers, but he only had great difficulty by means of deception, harsh responsibility was avoided. Subsequently, until the onset of his uncontrolled triumph in the 30s, he was forced to behave with caution and restraint, while Lenin's norms were still in effect at least partially ... Since the end of 1918, fortunately, the Leninist strategy of the military construction, an integral part of which was the massive inclusion of former tsarist officers in the ranks of the commanders of the Red Army, right up to the appointment as commanders of armies, fronts and even commanders of the Red Army as a whole (they, in the midst of the military confrontation, were for the most part only from this environment). The course of events more and more impressively made it possible for tens and tens of thousands of former officers, many generals and admirals to correctly assess the role of V. I. Lenin and Soviet power, which became one of the decisive factors in saving the great country from collapse and destruction. Indeed, without the knowledge, combat experience, command and staff professionalism of the "military experts", victory over foreign invaders and White Guards would have been impossible.

The officers' milieu was also split over a problem that was not of paramount importance at that time, and the delimitation was not outwardly noticeable, although it usually touched the "deep strings" of many officer souls, because the matter concerned the last autocrat. In this regard, all the top leadership of the pre-revolutionary armed forces and the simply-minded military of the highest rank, including many adamant counter-revolutionary monarchists, were, as a rule, united to the trouble of the last emperor. For the most part, if not personally familiar with him, but sometimes observing his actions from a remote, or even close enough distance, they were sure of the complete incapacity and irreparable compromise of this person as the head of state, and as a result of this leading the Motherland and its "tops" not only to a gigantic "rift", but also to the prospect of a general collapse.

Under inhumanly most difficult conditions, V. I. Lenin was able to solve many other (and, as a rule, immeasurably more difficult) problems associated with the need to save at all costs not only our great culture, our amazing literary, theatrical and other classic heritage. And this is not the most difficult part of the accomplishments saving for our Fatherland.

It would seem that it was difficult to undermine everything good and potentially positive, which radically improved the life of the people at that time. Despite the mistakes and even serious breakdowns that also took place ... But after all, something relatively decent remained and despite the dangerously inertial neo-Stalinist vices, which especially badly influenced society for almost two stagnant decades. But no: in a few years, starting from the end of 1991, all this was mutilated, mutilated, destroyed. Tens and tens of millions of our compatriots have been ruined, destitute, killed by hunger, disease, encouraged in every way by crime, immorality, drug addiction, alcoholism, etc. already millions of them.

And the main culprit of the collapse with inhumanity, deceit, hypocrisy, covetous insatiability, together with his own kind, from year to year, continued his dirty work, not only bathing in unprecedented luxury, but also defaming with his dirty verbiage even such a magnitude, the largest in its wholesomeness for many millennia, like Vladimir Ilyich Lenin!

It is in all this terrifyingly inhuman, on the verge of calculating genocide, that the background of an unbridled filthy desire "forever and ever" to trample the truth of history lurks. Of course, first of all, concealing from the peoples (not only our country), the complete absence of cruelty, lust for power, self-interest and everything else similar to this, in Vladimir Ilyich. It was this fundamental principle of his personality that gave rise to his unfulfilled desire to save the royal family from unlawful reprisals. This also explains the fact that it was possible to successfully protect the vast majority of distant and a number of close relatives of the last emperor from death, which, of course, must be hidden forever, for, along with an immense set of other facts, it irrefutably testifies to a truly humane, -really noble essence of the first leader of Soviet Russia. As well as those workers of the Soviet, party and other bodies of the central and regional levels, who, unlike the so-called "Urals" and "Permians", were truly in solidarity with Lenin's, inherently impeccably humane guidelines.

Therefore, some of the direct descendants of the former tsars even sympathized with what Lenin planned and did! For example, Artemy, the eldest son of Grand Duke Nikolai Konstantinovich Romanov (grandson of Emperor Nicholas I), served in the Red Army during the Civil War, participated in suppressing the Dutov rebellion, but in front-line conditions fell ill with typhus, was released from the military ranks and died in 1919 year. (And before the revolution, this man graduated from the Corps of Pages, served in the Guard, then retired, in 1914 he was again drafted into the tsarist army in connection with the outbreak of World War I, and even then he showed himself to be a progressive and Tolstoy-style humane person ... .) (fifteen).

Honest conclusions in this regard, as in everything else, will undoubtedly make it possible to radically change for the better practically everything that is most important in terms of the spiritual and moral recovery of our society. Irreparably fatal for him is the slanderous filth of the murderous rulers, intoxicating the gigantic masses, who are especially successful in deafening and demoralizing, above all, our youngest fellow citizens. And, of course, hammering into their minds the most vile lie that the founder of Soviet Russia "exterminated" the intelligentsia, peasantry, nobility, entrepreneurship, officers and their children, starting with infants !!! Well, how profitable it would be for the Yeltsinoid clique to conceal from the people the life-saving realities of Lenin's humanity in everything without a single exception from the people. The destroyers of our Motherland and many millions of its citizens simply cannot operate otherwise. After all, this method distracts attention, for example, from the fact that in recent years alone the number of children and adolescents in Russia has decreased by millions.

And here is the "new" present of NTV for the 130th anniversary of the birth of Vladimir Ilyich - Kiselev's falsified film about Lenin. In vain efforts!

Notes:

1. Stepanov A.I.Siberian operation. White matter. T. 1. Belgrade, 1926.S. 85.
2. News. 1918.19 May.
3. Historian and contemporary. T.5. Berlin, 1924, p. 194.
4. Emperor Nicholas II and his family. Vienna, 1921, p. 196.
5. Melnik-Botkina T. Memories of the royal family and its life before and after the revolution. Belgrade, 1921, p. 46.

Ekaterinburg. At the place of execution of the royal family. Holy Quarter June 16th, 2016

Immediately beyond, one cannot fail to notice this high temple and a number of other temple buildings. This is the "Holy Quarter". By the will of fate, they limit three streets bearing the names of revolutionaries. Let's head towards it.

On the way - a monument to the Saints Peter and Fevronia of Murom. Installed in 2012.

The Church on the Blood was built in 2000-2003. at the place where on the night of July 16 to July 17, 1918, the last Russian emperor Nicholas II and his family were shot. At the entrance to the temple, their photographs.

In 1917, after the February Revolution and the abdication of the throne, the former Russian Emperor Nicholas II and his family were exiled to Tobolsk by the decision of the Provisional Government.

After the Bolsheviks came to power and the beginning of the civil war, in April 1918, permission was obtained from the Presidium (All-Russian Central Executive Committee) of the fourth convocation to transfer the Romanovs to Yekaterinburg, in order to deliver them from there to Moscow in order to conduct a trial over them.

In Yekaterinburg, a large stone mansion confiscated from the engineer Nikolai Ipatiev was chosen as the place of imprisonment of Nicholas II and his family. On the night of July 17, 1918, in the basement of this house, Emperor Nicholas II, together with his wife Alexandra Feodorovna, children and close persons were shot, and after that their bodies were taken to the abandoned mine of Ganina Yama.

September 22, 1977 on the recommendation of the chairman of the KGB Yu.V. Andropov and the instructions of B.N. Yeltsin's house Ipatiev was destroyed. Later, Yeltsin would write in his memoirs: "... sooner or later all of us will be ashamed of this barbarism. It will be a shame, but nothing can be corrected ...".

When designing, the plan of the future temple was superimposed on the plan of the demolished house of Ipatiev in such a way as to create an analogue of the room where the Tsar's family was shot. On the lower level of the temple, a symbolic place for this execution was envisaged. In fact, the place of execution of the royal family is outside the church in the area of \u200b\u200bthe carriageway of Karl Liebknecht Street.

The temple is a five-domed structure 60 meters high and a total area of \u200b\u200b3000 m². The architecture of the building is designed in the Russian-Byzantine style. The vast majority of churches were built in this style during the reign of Nicholas II.

The cross in the center is part of the monument to the royal family descending into the basement before being shot.

Adjacent to the Church on the Blood is the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker with the Patriarchal Compound spiritual and educational center and the museum of the royal family.

Behind them you can see the Temple of the Ascension of the Lord (1782-1818).

And in front of it is the Kharitonov-Rastorguev estate of the early 19th century (architect Malakhov), which became the Palace of Pioneers in Soviet times. Nowadays - the City Palace of Children and Youth Creativity "Giftedness and Technology".

What else is located in the vicinity. This is the Gazprom tower, which has been built since 1976 as the Tourist hotel.

Former office of the defunct airline Transaero.

Between them are buildings from the middle of the last century.

Residential building-monument in 1935. Built for railroad workers. Quite beautiful! Fizkulturnikov Street, on which the building is located, has been gradually built up since the 1960s, as a result, by 2010 it was completely lost. This residential building is the only building on a virtually non-existent street, number 30.

Well, now we go to the Gazprom tower - an interesting street begins from there.

In this case, the conversation will go about those gentlemen, thanks to whom, on the night of July 16-17, 1918, in Yekaterinburg was brutal the royal family of the Romanovs was killed... These executioners have one name - regicides... Some of them made the decision, while others followed it. As a result, the Russian Emperor Nicholas II, his wife Alexandra Feodorovna and their children: Grand Duchesses Anastasia, Maria, Olga, Tatiana and Tsarevich Alexei, died. Together with them, people from the service personnel were shot. These are the family's personal chef Ivan Mikhailovich Kharitonov, the chamberlain Aleksey Yegorovich Trup, the room girl Anna Demidova and the family doctor Evgeny Sergeevich Botkin.

Criminals

The terrible crime was preceded by a meeting of the Presidium of the Ural Soviet, held on July 12, 1918. It was on it that the decision was made to shoot the royal family. A detailed plan was also developed for both the crime itself and the destruction of corpses, that is, hiding the traces of the destruction of innocent people.

The meeting was chaired by the chairman of the Uralsovet, member of the presidium of the regional committee of the RCP (b), Alexander Georgievich Beloborodov (1891-1938). Together with him, the decision was made by: the military commissar of Yekaterinburg Philip Isaevich Goloshchekin (1876-1941), the chairman of the regional Cheka Fedor Nikolaevich Lukoyanov (1894-1947), the editor-in-chief of the newspaper "Yekaterinburg Rabochy" Georgy Ivanovich Safarov (1891-1942), the supply commissar of the Ural Council Pyotr Lazarevich Voikov (1888-1927), commandant of the "House of Special Purpose" Yakov Mikhailovich Yurovsky (1878-1938).

The Bolsheviks called the house of the engineer Ipatiev "a house of special purpose". It was in it that the royal family of the Romanovs were kept in May-July 1918 after they were transported from Tobolsk to Yekaterinburg.

But you have to be a very naive person to think that middle-level executives took responsibility and independently made the most important political decision to shoot the royal family. They found it possible only to coordinate it with the chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee Yakov Mikhailovich Sverdlov (1885-1919). This is exactly how the Bolsheviks once presented everything.

Already somewhere, but in the Leninist party discipline was iron. Decisions came only from the very top, and the grassroots employees unquestioningly executed them. Therefore, it can be argued with full responsibility that the order was given directly by Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, who was sitting in the silence of the Kremlin office. Naturally, he discussed this question with Sverdlov and the main Ural Bolshevik Yevgeny Alekseevich Preobrazhensky (1886-1937).

The latter, of course, was aware of all the decisions, although he was absent from Yekaterinburg on the bloody date of the execution. At this time, he took part in the work of the V All-Russian Congress of Soviets in Moscow, and then left for Kursk and returned to the Urals only in the last days of July 1918.

But, in any case, officially Ulyanov and Preobrazhensky cannot be blamed for the death of the Romanov family. Sverdlov bears indirect responsibility. After all, he also imposed the “agreed” resolution. A kind of soft head. Resignedly, he took the decision of the grassroots organization into account and readily scribbled a simple reply on a sheet of paper. Only a 5-year-old child can believe in this.

The royal family in the basement of the Ipatyevsky house before the execution

Now let's talk about performers. About those villains who committed a terrible sacrilege by raising their hands against the anointed of God and his family. To date, the exact list of the killers is unknown. Nobody can name the number of criminals either. There is an opinion that the Latvian riflemen took part in the execution, since the Bolsheviks considered that Russian soldiers would not shoot at the tsar and his family. Other researchers insist on the Hungarians who guarded the arrested Romanovs.

However, there are names that appear in all the lists of various researchers. This is the commandant of the "House of Special Purpose" Yakov Mikhailovich Yurovsky, who led the execution. His deputy is Grigory Petrovich Nikulin (1895-1965). The commander of the protection of the royal family, Pyotr Zakharovich Ermakov (1884-1952) and an employee of the Cheka Mikhail Alexandrovich Medvedev (Kudrin) (1891-1964).

These four people were directly involved in the execution of representatives of the House of Romanov. They carried out the decision of the Ural Council. At the same time, they showed amazing cruelty, since they not only shot at absolutely defenseless people, but also finished them off with bayonets, and then doused them with acid so that the bodies could not be recognized.

Each will be rewarded according to his deeds

Organizers

There is an opinion that God sees everything and punishes evildoers for what they have done. Regicides belong to the most cruel part of the criminal elements. Their goal is to seize power. They go to her through the corpses, not at all embarrassed by this. At the same time, people are dying who are not at all to blame for the fact that they received their crowned title by inheritance. As for Nicholas II, this man at the time of his death was no longer the emperor, since he voluntarily renounced the crown.

Moreover, the death of his family and service personnel cannot be justified in any way. What drove the villains? Of course, frenzied cynicism, disregard for human lives, lack of spirituality and rejection of Christian norms and rules. The most terrible thing is that, having committed a terrible crime, these gentlemen were proud of what they had done for the rest of their lives. They willingly told about everything to journalists, schoolchildren and just idle listeners.

But let us return to God and trace the life path of those who condemned innocent people to a terrible death for the sake of an irrepressible desire to command others.

Ulyanov and Sverdlov

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin... We all know him as the leader of the world proletariat. However, this popular leader was spattered to the top with human blood. After the execution of the Romanovs, he lived for only a little over 5 years. He died of syphilis, losing his mind. This is the most terrible punishment of heavenly powers.

Yakov Mikhailovich Sverdlov... He left this world at the age of 33, 9 months after the atrocity committed in Yekaterinburg. In the city of Orel, he was severely beaten by workers. The very ones for whose rights he allegedly so stood up. With multiple fractures and injuries, he was taken to Moscow, where he died 8 days later.

These are the two main criminals directly responsible for the death of the Romanov family. The regicides were punished and died not in old age, surrounded by children and grandchildren, but in their prime. As for the other organizers of the villainy, here the heavenly forces postponed the punishment, but God's judgment still took place, giving everyone what they deserved.

Goloshchekin and Beloborodov (right)

Philip Isaevich Goloshchekin - Chief Chekist of Yekaterinburg and adjacent territories. It was he who went to Moscow at the end of June, where he received oral instructions from Sverdlov regarding the execution of the crowned persons. After that, he returned to the Urals, where the presidium of the Ural Soviet was hastily assembled, and a decision was made on the secret execution of the Romanovs.

In mid-October 1939, Philip Isaevich was arrested. He was accused of anti-state activities and an unhealthy attraction to little boys. This perverted gentleman was shot at the end of October 1941. Goloshchekin survived the Romanovs by 23 years, but retribution still caught up with him.

Uralsovet Chairman Alexander Georgievich Beloborodov - for now it is the chairman of the regional duma. It was he who headed the meeting at which the decision was made to shoot the royal family. His signature was next to the word "I approve." If we approach this issue officially, then it is he who bears the main responsibility for the murder of innocent people.

Beloborodov had been a member of the Bolshevik party since 1907, joining it as a minor boy after the 1905 revolution. In all the posts that his senior comrades entrusted to him, he showed himself to be an exemplary and executive worker. The best proof of this is July 1918.

After the execution of the crowned persons, Alexander Georgievich flew very high. In March 1919, his candidacy was considered for the post of president of the young Soviet republic. But preference was given to Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin (1875-1946), since he knew peasant life well, and our "hero" was born into a working class family.

But the former chairman of the Uralsovet was not offended. He was made head of the political department of the Red Army. In 1921, he became deputy to Felix Dzherzhinesky, who headed the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs. In 1923 he replaced him at this high post. True, a brilliant career did not work out further.

In December 1927, Beloborodov was removed from his post and exiled to Arkhangelsk. From 1930 he worked as a middle manager. In August 1936 he was arrested by the NKVD. In February 1938, by decision of the military collegium, Alexander Georgievich was shot. At the time of his death, he was 46 years old. After the death of the Romanovs, the main culprit did not live even 20 years. In 1938, his wife Yablonskaya Franciska Viktorovna was also shot.

Safarov and Voikov (right)

Georgy Ivanovich Safarov - Editor-in-chief of the newspaper "Yekaterinburg Rabochy". This Bolshevik with pre-revolutionary experience was an ardent supporter of the execution of the Romanov family, although she did nothing wrong to him. He lived well until 1917 in France and Switzerland. I arrived in Russia together with Ulyanov and Zinoviev in a "sealed carriage".

After the committed atrocity he worked in Turkestan, and then in the executive committee of the Comintern. Then he became editor-in-chief of Leningradskaya Pravda. In 1927 he was expelled from the party and sentenced to 4 years of exile in the city of Achinsk (Krasnoyarsk Territory). In 1928, the party card was returned and again sent to work in the Comintern. But after the assassination of Sergei Kirov at the end of 1934, Safarov finally lost confidence.

He was again exiled to Achinsk, and in December 1936 he was sentenced to 5 years in labor camps. Since January 1937, Georgy Ivanovich served his sentence in Vorkuta. He performed the duties of a water carrier there. He wore a prison pea jacket, belted with a rope. The family abandoned him after the conviction. For the former Bolshevik-Leninist, this was a heavy moral blow.

After the end of his term of imprisonment, Safarov was not released. It was a hard time, wartime, and someone apparently decided that Ulyanov's former ally had nothing to do in the rear of the Soviet troops. He was shot by a special commission on July 27, 1942. This "hero" survived the Romanovs by 24 years and 10 days. He died at the age of 51, having lost both freedom and family at the end of his life.

Pyotr Lazarevich Voikov - the main supplier of the Urals. He was closely involved in food issues. How could he get food in 1919? Naturally, he took them away from peasants and merchants who did not leave Yekaterinburg. By his tireless activity he brought the region to complete impoverishment. The troops of the White Army arrived well, otherwise people would begin to die of hunger.

This gentleman also arrived in Russia in a "sealed carriage", but not with Ulyanov, but with Anatoly Lunacharsky (the first People's Commissar of Education). Voikov was at first a Menshevik, but he quickly figured out where the wind was blowing from. At the end of 1917, he broke with a shameful past and joined the RCP (b).

Pyotr Lazarevich not only raised his hand, voting for the death of the Romanovs, but also took an active part in hiding the traces of villainy. It was he who came up with the idea to pour sulfuric acid on bodies. Since he was in charge of all the warehouses of the city, he personally signed an invoice for receiving this very acid. On his order, transport was also allocated for the transport of bodies, shovels, picks, crowbars. The business executive is the main one that you want.

Petr Lazarevich liked the activity related to material values. Since 1919, he was engaged in consumer cooperation, being the deputy chairman of the Tsentrosoyuz. Concurrently, he organized the sale abroad of the treasures of the House of Romanovs and museum values \u200b\u200bof the Diamond Fund, the Armory, private collections requisitioned from the exploiters.

Priceless works of art and jewelry went to the black market, since at that time no one officially had anything to do with the young Soviet state. Hence the ridiculous prices that were given for items that had a unique historical value.

In October 1924 Voikov left for Poland as a plenipotentiary. It was already big politics, and Pyotr Lazarevich began to get used to a new field with enthusiasm. But the poor fellow was out of luck. On June 7, 1927, he was shot by Boris Kaverda (1907-1987). A Bolshevik terrorist fell at the hands of another terrorist belonging to the White émigré movement. Retaliation came almost 9 years after the death of the Romanovs. At the time of his death, our next "hero" was 38 years old.

Fedor Nikolaevich Lukoyanov - Chief Chekist of the Urals. He voted for the execution of the royal family, therefore he is one of the organizers of the atrocity. But in subsequent years this "hero" did not show himself in any way. The point is that since 1919 he began to suffer from attacks of schizophrenia. Therefore, Fedor Nikolayevich devoted his entire life to journalism. He worked in various newspapers, and died in 1947 at the age of 53, 29 years after the murder of the Romanov family.

Performers

As for the direct perpetrators of the bloody crime, the divine court treated them much softer than the organizers. They were servants and only carried out the order. Therefore, they are less guilty. At least, you might think so if you follow the fateful path of every criminal.

The main perpetrator of the terrible murder of defenseless women and men, as well as a sick boy. He boasted that he personally shot Nicholas II. However, his subordinates also claimed this role.

Yakov Yurovsky

After the crime was committed, he was taken to Moscow and sent to work in the Cheka. Then, after the liberation of Yekaterinburg from the White troops, Yurovsky returned to the city. Received the post of chief security officer of the Urals.

In 1921 he was transferred to Gokhran and began to live in Moscow. Was engaged in accounting for material values. After that he worked for a little in the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs.

In 1923, a sharp decline. Yakov Mikhailovich was appointed director of the Krasny Bogatyr plant. That is, our hero began to lead the production of rubber shoes: boots, galoshes, boots. Quite a strange profile after the KGB and financial activities.

In 1928, Yurovsky was transferred to the director of the Polytechnic Museum. It is a long building near the Bolshoi Theater. In 1938, the main perpetrator of the murder died of an ulcer at the age of 60. He survived his victims by 20 years and 16 days.

But apparently the regicides bring a curse on their offspring. This "hero" had three children. The eldest daughter Rimma Yakovlevna (1898-1980) and two younger sons.

The daughter joined the Bolshevik Party in 1917 and headed the youth organization (Komsomol) of Yekaterinburg. Since 1926 in party work. She made a good career in this field in the city of Voronezh in 1934-1937. Then she was transferred to Rostov-on-Don, where she was arrested in 1938. She stayed in the camps until 1946.

His son Alexander Yakovlevich (1904-1986) was also in prison. He was arrested in 1952, but, however, was soon released. But with the grandchildren and granddaughters, trouble happened. All the boys died tragically. Two fell from the roof of the house, two were burned down during the fire. The girls died in infancy. Yurovsky's niece Maria suffered the most. She had 11 children. Only 1 boy survived to adolescence. His mother left him. The child was adopted by strangers.

Concerning Nikulina, Ermakova and Medvedev (Kudrin), then these gentlemen lived to old age. They worked, were honorably retired, and then buried with dignity. But regicides always get what they deserve. These three have escaped the punishment they deserve on earth, but there is still judgment in heaven.

Tomb of Grigory Petrovich Nikulin

After death, every soul rushes to the heavenly booths, hoping that the angels will let her into the Kingdom of Heaven. So the souls of the murderers rushed to the Light. But then a dark personality appeared in front of each of them. She politely took the sinner's elbow and nodded unequivocally in the direction opposite to Paradise.

There, in the heavenly haze, a black mouth could be seen in the Underworld. And next to him were disgusting grinning faces, nothing like heavenly angels. These are devils, and they have only one job - to put a sinner on a hot frying pan and fry him forever over low heat.

In conclusion, it should be noted that violence always gives rise to violence. Anyone who commits a crime becomes a victim of criminals himself. A vivid proof of this is the fate of the regicides, about whom we tried to tell in as much detail as possible in our sad story.

Egor Laskutnikov