Purpose: To develop the basic vital motor qualities: strength, flexibility and coordination of movements, to teach relaxation as a way to normalize the body's activity after physical exertion.
Lesson Objectives:
1. To improve the technique of performing acrobatic exercises: forward roll, headstand (m), shoulder stand (e), gymnastic "bridge".
2. To teach the technique of performing relaxing exercises and autogenous training.
3. To develop strength, flexibility and coordination of movements.
Stock and equipment: gymnastic mats, stopwatch
Venue: school gym
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Public lesson
Combat and acrobatic exercises.
Developed by: teacher
Bronnikova Albina Petrovna
Topic: Combat and acrobatic exercises
Class 5
Form of carrying out:group lesson with the use of health-saving technologies
Goal: To develop the basic vital motor qualities: strength, flexibility and coordination of movements, to teach relaxation as a way to normalize the body's activity after physical exertion.
Lesson Objectives:
- To improve the technique of performing acrobatic exercises: forward roll, headstand (m), shoulder stand (e), gymnastic "bridge".
- To teach the technique of performing relaxing exercises and autogenous training.
- Develop strength, flexibility and coordination of movements.
Inventory and equipment:gymnastic mats, stopwatch
Location:school gym
During the classes
Parts of the lesson and their duration | Dosage | Organizational and methodological guidelines |
|
1. Preparatory part
| 1 Build, greet, communicate lesson objectives 2 Heart rate measurement 3 drill: turns in place 4. Walking around the hall: On toes On heels 5 Slow running across the hall diagonally 6.Exercise to restore breathing 7. OSU in motion: A) - taking straight arms back Reducing, raising hands in front of the chest B) - circular movements of the hands forward, backward C) I.P. - o.s. 1 - step left, tilt towards it 2-put right, straighten, 3-4- the same with the right B) - lunges for each step | 30 sec 30 sec 3-4 times 1 min 15 m 15 m 1.5 minutes 4-5 times 2-3 minutes 6-8 times 6-8 times 6-8 times 6-8 times 6-8 times | Pay attention to the readiness of the class for the lesson Each student should remember their heart rate indicator Left, right, round and round. Hands on the belt Hands behind head Breathing through the nose arms slightly bent 4 counts forward, 4 counts back Keep your distance, do not bend your knees lunge deeper Hands on the belt, turning the torso towards the lunge |
2. Main part
| 1.Adding exercises on gymnastic mats A) Rolls in the group with the right and left sides forward; B) Rolling back and forth in a grouping; C) I. p. - lying on his stomach with support on bent arms 1-6- straighten your arms, bending as much as possible in your back, try to touch your head with your fingers bent at the knees 7-8- return to SP D) - I. p sat back emphasis. 1-arms, through sides, up 2-3- forward bends 4- i.p I.p.Set the emphasis behind. 2. Improving the technique of acrobatic exercises 1 roll forward 2. Roll back 3 A combination of three elements: somersault backward, forward somersault, open jump upward 4. Boys - headstand Girls - shoulder stand 5. Boys - gymnastic bridge from a prone position, girls - from a standing position | 3-4 minutes 8-10 times 8-10 times 5-6 times. 12 times 8 times 8 times 4-5 times 3-4 times 2 times 2 times 3-4 minutes 2-3 minutes | Perform at an average pace. The knees are apart, the head is down. Stretch your back as much as possible First, one roll is performed frontally, then a series of rolls is performed by the flow method When jumping arms up, legs to the sides Stand to perform with insurance Hold the rack for up to 3 seconds with insurance Complications: one-arm bridge or one-leg bridge. |
3. Final part 8-10 minutes | 1. Building, summing up, 2. Measuring heart rate Homework 3. Relaxation: Starting position (I.P.) - lying, sitting (in the pose of a coachman on a droshky). It repeats to itself: "I am completely calm and relaxed."
1a. I am completely calm and relaxed
2a. I am completely calm and relaxed
3a. I am completely calm and relaxed
4a. I am completely calm and relaxed
5a. I am completely calm and relaxed
6a. I am completely calm and relaxed
7a. Clench fists (OS - hands are filled with strength). 7b. Vigorously bend and straighten both arms at the elbows several times. 7c. Open eyes. Heart rate measurement and comparison with the two previous indicators Reflection: How did your heart rate change during the lesson? When to use relaxation exercises? Homework. Organized departure from the hall | 1 min 30 seconds 7-7.5 minutes 1 time 1 time 1 time 1 time 1 time 1 time 1 time 3-4 times 30 seconds 1 minute | Purpose: general relaxation of the autonomic nervous system. Purpose: muscle relaxation. Purpose: relieve tension from the blood vessels. Purpose: calming and rhythmizing the circulatory system. Purpose: harmonization of breathing. Purpose: relieve tension from the gastrointestinal tract. Purpose: relieving tension from the vessels of the brain. Children independently analyze and draw conclusions. D / Z: A set of exercises for the development of flexibility |
Slide 2
Lesson Topic: "Acrobatic exercises"
Lesson Objectives:
- Perform drill drills.
- To improve the technique of performing acrobatic exercises.
- Develop physical qualities.
Slide 3
During the classes
- Introductory preparatory part: 15 min.
- Main part: 27 min.
- Final part: 3min.
Slide 4
Introductory preparatory part
- Alignment. Report. Greeting.
- Reporting lesson objectives.
- Theoretical information.
- Rebuilding from one line to two and back.
- Easy running.
- General developmental exercises in place.
Slide 5
Theoretical information
Physical exercises, which later came to be called acrobatic, originated in ancient times.
The name "acrobat" comes from the Greek word "acrobates", which means "rising up", "rising up". From this word the concept of "acrobatics" was later formed. Nowadays, the words "acrobatics", "acrobat" are often used in a general sense to emphasize a high degree of dexterity and courage.
Slide 6
Changing from one line to two and back
Rebuilding is carried out after preliminary calculation for the first - second on the command: "In two ranks - build!" According to this command, the first numbers put the right foot one step back (count "one"), then put the left one a step to the side (count "two") and, putting the right foot to the left (count "three"), stand behind the second number. Rebuilding from two ranks into one is carried out by the command: "In one rank - build!", While all actions are performed in the reverse order.
Slide 7
Easy running
You need to run at an average pace. Also, it is necessary to monitor the correct posture, the ability to keep the body free and at ease, as in normal walking.
Slide 8
General developmental exercises in place
- I. p. - the main stand, movement in place. Step with left foot, right arm up, left arm back, and vice versa
- I. p. - left hand on the belt, right to the side, right leg in front, for each step change the position of the hands
- I. p. - left hand behind the head, right up, right leg in front, change the position of the hands for each step
- I. p. - arms to the sides, raising a straight leg high, clap under the foot, take one step in two counts
- I. p. - get into a pose "on all fours", take four steps on your toes, straighten up, take four normal steps
- Jumping with side steps with the left side forward, the same with the right side forward
Slide 9
Acrobatic exercises
- Crouching forward roll
- Backward roll crouching.
- Stand on the shoulder blades.
- Bridge from the supine position.
Slide 10
Crouching forward roll
Feet slightly apart, knees apart, rest our hands on the mat at a distance of half a step from the feet. Somersaults are done by pushing the legs more forward than up, the chin is pressed against the chest. At the beginning of the somersault, lightly touch the gymnastic mat with the back of the head and almost simultaneously with the shoulder blades. At the moment when the shoulder blades touch the mat, you need to grab the legs at the ankle joints with your hands and press your knees to your chest.
Slide 11
Back roll crouching
When performing a roll back from the support, squatting, unbending, rolls onto the back, vigorously raise the bent legs at the knees (take the position of a tight grouping). Continuing the roll back, put your arms bent at the elbows on the floor near the head and, leaning on your hands, go to the support squatting.
Slide 12
Stand on the shoulder blades
- The racks are performed on a gymnastic mat.
- The body is upright, knees and toes tight.
- The elbows are shoulder-width apart, the hands are fixed and rest on the lower back.
Slide 13
Bridge from the supine position
Lying on your back, bend your legs strongly and spread them (to the length of the foot), turn the socks outward, rest your hands at the shoulders (fingers to the shoulders). Straightening your arms and legs at the same time, bend and tilt your head back.
Slide 14
Final part
- Formation in one line.
- Summing up the lessons.
- Changing clothes in the locker room.
- Organized return to class.
Slide 15
List of sources used
- Barshai, V.M. Gymnastics: textbook / V.M. Barshai, N.V. Kurys, I.B. Pavlov. - Ed. 2nd, add. and revised - Rostov n / a: Phoenix, 2011.
- Lyakh, V.I. Physical Culture. Work programs. The subject line of the textbooks by M.Ya. Vilensky, V.I. Lyakha. 5-9 grades: a guide for general education teachers. institutions / V.I. Lyakh. - M.: Education, 2011
- Ivanov, K.M. Combat exercises in practical exercises in sports disciplines: a textbook for students of physical education institutions / K.M. Ivanov, B.P. Kashevarov. - L.: Publishing house of the University of Lesgaft, 2008
View all slides
According to the comprehensive program, teaching acrobatic exercises is provided from 1 to 11 grades for both boys (boys) and girls (girls). The list of exercises is relatively small. These are forward and backward rolls, balances, forward and backward rolls, "bridges" and splits, stands (on the shoulder blades, head, arms), side rolls, as well as various connections and variants of the listed exercises.
Students of grades I-IV, as a rule, master the acrobatic section of the program with great interest, pleasure and diligence. However, in the V-VII grades, this interest often begins to decline, and in VIII-XI - it completely falls. This is explained by the fact that for younger schoolchildren, rolls, somersaults, balances and "bridges" are a novelty, but then these exercises are transferred almost unchanged with the students from class to class and interest in them naturally disappears.
This should not be so: having generated an interest in acrobatic exercises, a physical education teacher should not only support it, but also develop it. To do this, it is necessary, both in the classroom and in sectional classes, to study various versions of exercises known to schoolchildren, complicate them, modify, perform in conjunction with other elements.
The organization of lessons in the lessons on the "Acrobatics" section requires a special approach. It is most rational to study acrobatic exercises by the frontal method, in which the whole class is built in two ranks, on both sides of the acrobatic track or gymnastic mats laid on the track. The first numbers carry out the task according to the counting or the teacher's signal, the second ones observe, notice mistakes and help partners. Then the trainees switch roles. This method can be used to master most of the exercises of the school curriculum, with the exception of connections from several somersaults or wheel turns with advancement in one direction. Practice shows that the frontal method allows you to achieve a high density of acrobatic exercises: in 15-20 minutes, allocated in the acrobatics lesson, you can perform 6-8 exercises, repeating each 4-8 times. It should be noted that monotonous exercises, for example, somersaults - rolls - somersaults, "lead to rapid fatigue of students. The alternation of exercises of different nature and muscular efforts allows them to be performed without pauses for rest.
The success of the lesson and mastering the exercises largely depends on the students' manifestation of interest in classes, the emergence of which is determined by the skill of the teacher. His exactingness and interest, the ability to figuratively explain the task, his readiness to cheer the loser and help him correct his mistakes, guarantee the steady interest and activity of those involved. Rational selection and alternation of exercises, taking into account their availability, complexity, novelty and load, are equally important. In the lesson, the teacher should adhere to a certain sequence and alternation of them: rolls - somersault rolls "bridges", splits - connections of rolls and rolls - balance - competitions and games with elements of acrobatics.
Simple and well-mastered balances, splits, "bridges", stands and general developmental exercises can be successfully performed in pairs in the first part of gymnastics lessons, outdoor and sports games, rhythmic gymnastics, wrestling, both warm-up and for the purpose of improvement.
An important element of acrobatics lessons is the mutual assistance and mutual training of the trainees organized by the teacher. Frontal-shift execution of acrobatic exercises allows alternating load with rest, and execution with supervision of the classmate who is in the opposite row. The educator must ensure that observation gradually grows into peer education. (indication of individual errors) and mutual assistance. The first peer learning assignments should be extremely accessible and concern only one aspect of the exercise technique. For example, in the lesson, the position of the grouping is studied: in the first series of tasks, the teacher is instructed to pay attention to the grip of the legs by the middle of the lower leg and, if the student makes a mistake, the partner must tell him; in the second series, it is allowed to remind about the need to breed the knees; in the third, about an insufficiently dense grouping; in the fourth, about tilting the head to the chest. As they gain experience and master the technique of the exercises performed, children will be able to point out to each other 2-3 mistakes. This significantly speeds up the learning process, helps students memorize the details of the technique of the exercises performed more accurately, and activates them. The knowledge and experience gradually accumulated by the students make it possible to introduce elements of mutual assistance into the learning process. So, for example, already in grades 1 -5, students can help each other when performing rolls and somersaults, bending, balances, and other simple exercises. If the teacher is able to achieve correct mutual assistance at this stage of learning, then already in grades 5-6, students will be able to help each other when performing "bridges", stands on shoulder blades. Although the listed exercises are not difficult (with appropriate physical training, 4-8 sessions are enough to master them), nevertheless, training should be carried out with support or help. Naturally, during the lesson, the teacher is not able to help all the students in the class either physically or according to the time limit. In schools where physical education teachers use mutual assistance and mutual education, a significant part of students in grades VI-VIII easily perform such accessible exercises as the "wheel" or a slow forward roll over the rack.
The advanced experience of conducting acrobatics lessons shows that already in grades II-III, boys and girls easily master the methods of assistance in performing "bridges", side rolls, forward and backward rolls, and stances. To study ways to help, schoolchildren can be grouped into groups of 3-5 people: one does the exercise, two help, the unoccupied watch and rest.
Teaching all students how to help and insure is the main reserve of time for learning more complex and interesting exercises, stimulates their sports activities, activity, creativity, independence.
Acrobatic exercises are used to improve physical qualities and special skills in physical training of various types of the Armed Forces and combat arms. They develop muscles, strengthen ligaments and joints, have a beneficial effect on the respiratory and circulatory organs, contribute to the education of dexterity and coordination of movements, spatial orientation.
With the help of acrobatic exercises, the body's resistance to the influence of unfavorable factors of the military-professional activity of the flight personnel of the Air Force, surface ships and submarines, and the Airborne Forces is developed.
Acrobatic exercises are widely used as an aid for mastering complex elements in artistic and rhythmic gymnastics, diving and trampoline, freestyle, ski jumping, figure skating, acrobatic dancing and other sports. They are successfully demonstrated at sports events, in amateur performances, at leisure evenings.
Acrobatic exercises are subdivided into acrobatic jumps, pair and group exercises. Acrobatic jumps consist of various somersaults, coups, somersaults; pair exercises (male, female and mixed pairs) include stances, supports, balances and choreographic elements; group exercises consist of exercises for women (threes) and for men (fours). Threes and fours are the most difficult group exercises that include a variety of pyramids.
To perform acrobatic exercises in practical training, gymnastic and foam mats, a platform-carpet, synthetic surfaces, felt or clean sand, grassy grounds, sawdust, and mowed grass are used. For sports acrobatics and jumping, a special acrobatic track 30 m long and 1.5 m wide is used. The landing zone is 6x4 m. The edges of the track are indicated by lines 5–10 cm wide. The same line is drawn along the axis of the track. The height of the track, depending on the design, is 10–25 cm. Acrobatic exercises are performed on a gymnastic mat (Fig. 66).
Learning and performing acrobatic exercises are carried out in parts and in general by all trainees simultaneously (at the expense of) at the command of the head. For streaming, 2–4 lines are equipped (2–3 gymnastic mats), and the trainees perform exercises one after another with a distance of 5–6 steps.
"Swallow"... To perform balance, bend forward on one leg, raise the other (take it back) above the level of the pelvis, spread your arms up and to the sides, bend over.
The sequence of learning: swinging the leg back with support with straight arms at the height of the belt and bending forward at the gymnastic wall, horse, goat, trampoline; balance with support for the leg - hold for 3-5 seconds.
Figure: 66. Tumbling track and carpet
Grouping... Lying on your back, bend your knees, grab your shins with your hands, press your knees to your chest and spread them slightly wider than the chin, the heels are connected.
Stand on the shoulder blades... From the support lying on your back, raise your straight legs up, roll onto your shoulder blades and the back of your head, put your hands on your back, elbows on the floor, keep your body upright, straight.
The sequence of learning: standing on the shoulder blades in the group; stand on the shoulder blades using the back and legs.
Tuck Forward Roll (fig. 67). The emphasis is sitting down; leaning forward, put your hands shoulder-width apart in front of your feet (40-50 cm); transfer the weight of the body to your arms, bending them and tilting your head to your chest; bring the back of the head to the mat; push off with your legs and gently roll forward with a round back crouching all the way (hands in front of the legs). When rolling on the back, group tightly, grabbing the shins with your hands.
Figure: 67. Roll forward in a tuck
The sequence of learning: tight grouping in the supine position; rolls in tucking on the back forward and backward with a transition forward into an emphasis squatting without support from the hands behind.
Jump forward roll (fig. 68). Half-squatting arms back, pushing the legs and swinging the arms forward to jump higher up and forward on the arms, bending your arms and tilting your head to your chest, make a forward roll crouching.
The sequence of learning: putting your hands farther forward - somersault forward from a place; forward somersault with a running push of two legs; forward roll over an obstacle (low stands, goat) with a gradual increase in height (up to 120 cm).
Figure: 68. Leap forward roll
Headstand (fig. 69). The emphasis is sitting down; rest your hands on the mat shoulder-width apart; straightening your legs and bending your arms, put your head in front of your arms on the upper part of your forehead so that three points of support make up the vertices of the triangle; raise your legs up to an upright position; the weight of the body is mainly held on the head; position the forearms perpendicular to the floor and parallel to each other, the fingers are turned forward and outward. Learning sequence: tuck headstand; headstand with help (support by hips, back and feet).
Figure: 69. Headstand
Forward roll over handstand (fig. 70). Swing one leg and push the other leg to perform a handstand; without stopping in a stand, smoothly bend your arms, tilt your head to your chest, lean your shoulder blades on the mat and start rolling forward, then group up and complete a somersault.
Figure: 70. Roll forward over handstand
Learning sequence: forward rolls over the handstand with the help (support with both hands on the legs, softening the lowering onto the back).
Handstand (fig. 97). From a stand on the right leg, left - in front, hands - above, palms forward, taking a step with the left and leaning forward, put your hands shoulder-width apart, one step from the pushing leg (fingers are apart and slightly bent); giving your shoulders forward, push off with your left and swing your right leg up; connecting the legs at the top and pulling the shoulders back (to the vertical position of the arms), go into a handstand, stretching as much as possible upward; raise your head and look at the floor in front of your fingers; maintain balance with the effort of the hands (in case of loss of balance forward, increase the pressure with your fingers on the support). The handstand can be performed from the support by squatting with two legs or by force.
The sequence of learning: a handstand with the legs resting on the wall (put your hands 30–40 cm from the wall); handstand with the help (the assistant lifts the trainee up by the legs, pressing the knee on the shoulders; sets the arms and back in an upright position).
To secure for the legs and back, in case of self-belay, in the event of a fall forward, move one arm forward, turn, stand up or do a forward roll.
Flip sideways (fig. 72). From a stand on the right leg (left - to the side), bending to the left, push off with your left foot and, successively resting your hands on the floor in one line, roll over sideways over a handstand into a leg stand apart (when entering a handstand, look in the direction of the fingers hands).
Figure: 72. Flip sideways
The sequence of learning: swing one and push the other - handstand and turn to the side with the help; sideways flips in a circle with incomplete exit to a handstand (the body is somewhat bent); accompanying the trainee from the back with support for the lower back - a side roll with the help (while holding the hands crosswise, the left - over the right).
Backward roll (fig. 73). From the support, squatting down to sit down and roll back, grab the legs with your hands near the knee joints, jerk to increase the rotation; when the shoulder blades and the back of the head touch the mat, quickly put your hands behind your shoulders and, unbending them, facilitate turning over your head. When performing somersault, do not throw your head back. Particular attention must be paid to the timely placement of the hands behind the shoulders (behind the head) in order to reduce the load on the neck.
Figure: 73. Backward Roll
The sequence of learning: from an emphasis lying on your back in a tight grouping after 2-3 rolls - somersault back; somersault back on an inclined plane.
Flip forward (fig. 74). With a running start, make a jump on the right leg while lifting the bent left leg and arms forward and up; leaning forward, put your left foot, and then your hands on the floor; with an active swing with the right back-up and with a push with the left, make an overwhelming movement of the legs through the handstand, connect the legs and, vigorously pushing off with your hands, roll forward bending over; getting up, push the pelvis forward, tilt your head back, arms up.
The sequence of learning: mastering the jump, which is performed on one leg, the other, bent, rises up, the arms also rise up (walset); with a swing of one and a push with the other - a quick transfer to a handstand with the legs resting on a gymnastic mat suspended on the wall; a forward roll with the help or into a foam pit (in this case, the trainer, standing on the right knee on the right side, at the moment of resting on his hands, grabs the trainee's right hand above the elbow with one hand, puts the other on his back); with an energetic and strong push under the back to help perform the exercise.
Figure: 74. Roll forward with a running start
Flip forward with turn... With a run, make a jump and, bending over, put your left foot one step forward; pushing off with the left foot, alternately put on the floor first the left hand to the toe of the left foot with the toes to the left, then quickly the right one with the brush turned to the left and back (the right hand is placed behind the left hand, the right leg with a strong swing contributes to entering the stance). With the support on the right hand, the transition to a handstand and a turn in a circle ends (the legs are connected in a stand). Further, bending, quickly lower your legs down, push off with your hands and move to a standing position.
The sequence of learning: flip to the side; from a handstand - a jump from hands to feet followed by a jump (it is recommended to perform from a dais); turnover with a hand belt (longe) or into a foam pit.
The nature of the coup execution depends on the subsequent exercise. If, after the overturn, a back somersault is performed, then the overturn should be with a landing on toes and with a high jump up; if the next turn is backward, then the turn with a turn is done without jumping to a full foot, the legs become closer to the hands.
Shoulderstand in pairs... The lower one lies on its back with bent legs, the feet are slightly wider than the knees, the hands are extended forward, palms up; the second, putting one leg forward, takes the knees and puts his shoulders on the partner's hands, then pushing one leg and swinging the other leg performs a shoulder stand. The upper and lower arms are straight.
The sequence of learning: the exercise is performed with the help, the division is divided into threes, the first lies on his back, the second places his shoulders on the partner's hands, the third is on the side, the second performs a stand on command, the third helps; then the trainees sequentially change roles (the second lies down, the third does a stand, the first helps, etc.).
Roll back with help in pairs (fig. 75). Standing in pairs with backs to each other; take the first number by the hands (above the wrist joint) of the second; the first does a half-squat and leans forward (do not press on the partner's hands, but only hold); the second, bending back, raises his legs; the first, straightening the legs and bending forward, raises the back, facilitates the second roll over the back; at the end of the somersault, the first straightens up and, raising his hands up, helps the second to land softly. Do not let go of your hands when landing. To repeat the exercise, turn to the starting position without releasing your hands.
Figure: 75. Backward Roll with
The sequence of learning: the division is divided into threes; two do the exercise the third helps and insures.
Flip back (fig. 76). From the stand, legs together, half-squatting, take your arms back, tilt your body and head slightly forward; sinking back (as if sitting on a chair), vigorously straighten your legs, swing your arms back and forth strongly, and sharply throw your body and head back; then, giving the stomach and pelvis up, bend and, continuing to move back, put your hands on the floor; passing through a handstand, bend sharply, push off with your hands, lower your feet to the floor, stand your hands up (make a curbet).
Figure: 76. Flip Back
The sequence of learning: squatting with a backward movement of the body and gray-haired on the knee of the belayer's leg extended forward; jumping from hands to feet (curbet); from a half-squatting arms back - vigorous straightening of the legs with a swing of the arms up and back and tilting the body back (the exercise is performed with belay, standing behind, with one hand behind the neck, the other behind the back); backward roll with a hand belt (belayers stand on both sides of the trainee and slightly behind, holding the ropes, with one hand near the belt). As you master the exercise, switch to help and belay without a hand belt, in this case, stand on the side and support the one performing with both hands under the lower back. At the moment of turning over, push the hand up and back to help complete the exercise.
Running forward somersault (fig. 77). With a strong take-off run, push with two legs to make a jump, strengthening it with a forward and upward wave of the arms; before reaching the top point of the jump, vigorously grouping and pulling the shoulders to the legs, start forward rotation; hands at this time, arcs forward and downward, grab the shins near the ankle joints. Rotation of the body is carried out due to the active movement of the arms and head forward, lifting the pelvis up and tilting the body forward. Finishing the rotation (in the head up position), sharply straighten your legs forward and down and land.
Figure: 77. Forward somersault with a running start
The sequence of learning: with a running jump upward in a tuck and at a tempo somersault forward over a hill of mats with a gradual increase in height; without touching the obstacle with hands and back - somersault over the dais; somersault forward into the foam pit; a somersault with a running start from a gymnastic bridge.
Protect from the side and a little in front of the place of push, and in case of incorrect execution, grab the hand under the neck and back, help to perform a somersault and prevent falling on the back or head.
Forward somersault from the springboard... After a strong push and forward and upward flight with arms extended upward, group, bending the legs at the knee joints and tilting the head towards the legs spread at the knees; then start forward rotation, grabbing the shins with your hands and holding the grouping as long as possible; then, in a position with your back to the floor, quickly ungroup, directing your legs forward and down, and land.
Learning sequence: jump up in a tuck; somersault forward into the foam pit; somersault forward with help and belay.
Standing on the side of the springboard, with one hand under the back, the other on the shoulder or neck, help the trainee perform the exercise. The insurance can also be provided with a hanging or hand belt.
Back flip (fig. 78). Semi-squatting and tilting the body slightly forward, take your arms back, with a sharp, strong push of the legs and an energetic wave of the arms up in front of you, make a jump up; after a push, quickly pull your legs to your chest (group), grabbing your legs approximately by the middle of the lower leg; the head is tilted back, facilitating the rotation of the body. Finishing the rotation, straighten your arms - up and land.
Figure: 78. Back Flip
The sequence of learning: jump up from a place with support under the back and tuck; somersault back from the dais down; back somersault using a hand belt; somersault from a small elevation into the foam pit.
Back up from the side and, putting one hand on the belt, the other under the thigh from behind, with a push, help to perform an upward jump and roll over before landing.
The term "acrobatics" is of Greek origin (roughly translated as "climbing up" or "walking on tiptoe"). This is a complex of various gymnastic exercises. An acrobat, according to the explanatory dictionary, is not only one who is involved in this sport, but in a more general sense - a very fast and agile person.
Modern acrobatics includes sports (primarily gymnastic) exercises - single and group, walking on a tightrope, etudes on a trapeze.
Who are acrobats?
Sometimes acrobatics is mistakenly identified with the circus genre, which is fundamentally wrong. Despite many similar elements, it is still a separate art. Sports acrobatics requires good concentration, a sense of balance and considerable strength.
The word "acrobat" is often used to emphasize a high degree of sports training. Practicing this complex and spectacular art leads to a significant improvement in physical capabilities - speed, agility, general endurance. Acrobatic exercises in gymnastics are used for special training and are the main component of free performances.
They are basically movements with a turn over the head. Rotation around the longitudinal, transverse or anteroposterior axis is possible, as well as their combination.
Classification of acrobatic exercises
There are three main groups. The first is acrobatic jumps: rolls, somersaults, coups. The second is balancing. This includes shoulder racks, shoulder racks, and hand racks (including one arm). Here - exercises in pairs and group. Usually acrobats make up pyramids, the number of participants in which is from three people.
The third group includes throwing movements. What are they? The name speaks for itself - this is a throwing of a partner with a transition to the shoulder or arms (with a grip on the thigh, lower leg, foot or hand) or landing.
Good preparation of this type is essential when doing exercises on
The high school physical education program also includes acrobatics. In the classroom, children learn to perform somersaults, rolls, various racks, a bridge and much more. This allows them to better own and control their own body. Acrobatics helps to develop physically and overcome fears, develops willpower.
Conditions and inventory
Acrobatic training must be conducted in a safe environment to avoid injury to athletes. Systematic monitoring of the training sites is necessary.
Acrobatic exercises in the classroom necessarily require the maintenance of inventory and equipment in good condition. This is an important condition for successful work.
Some of the elements (balance, twine and half-twine) are mastered directly on the floor. To perform individual jumps, a springboard or standard equipment is suitable before class, check for faults and roughness. A prerequisite for using it is organized cleaning after the lesson.
Organization of training acrobatic classes at school
Acrobatic exercises in physical education lessons at school begin with a general formation and a report from the person on duty. The teacher explains the main task, checks the presence of the form, notes the absent.
Acrobatic exercises for children are contraindicated in cases of malaise, overwork or apathy. In such situations, the teacher should be able to understand the state of the student and, if necessary, temporarily remove from the lesson.
During the lesson, close attention should be paid to insurance, especially in risky items. Already in the first lessons, it is important to develop self-insurance skills in children, to teach orientation in space and a way out of risky situations.
At the end of each lesson, the construction is carried out again, the teacher voices the conclusions and comments. Unorganized completion of the lesson is not allowed.
Now we will consider and systematize the types of acrobatic exercises.
Groupings
This is a flexed body position. With groupings, the elbows are pressed against the body, the knees are pulled up to the shoulders, the hands are wrapped around the shins. The back is rounded, the head is on the chest, the knees are slightly apart.
The most typical groupings are on the back, sitting or squatting. The main requirement for mastering them is speed of action. So, from a rack with raised arms, they quickly squat and group, from a supine position they move to a grouping with the back of the head touching the floor, etc.
Rolls
This acrobatic exercise is performed with the obligatory subsequent touch of the support. When rolling, no overturning is performed. It can be of an auxiliary nature or an independent exercise. Sometimes the roll is a link between the main elements.
Roll back is performed as follows: from the main rack, they are grouped and rolled back until the back of the head touches the floor. Keeping the grouping, they return to their original position.
Another way
Option - having taken the basic stance, bend forward, hands behind at the bottom. Leaning on the floor with straight legs, bend, grabbing your hands under your knees and smoothly roll back, touching the tips of your toes to the floor behind your head. Then roll to the sitting position.
When rolling to the side, the body is unbalanced to one side (right or left). The shoulder and forearm touch the floor in sequence. The roll is carried out in the opposite direction, then the starting position is taken.
There may be a roll to the side from the saddle (called a steep roll) with the legs together or apart. Another type of it is a roll to the side, bending over (done from a lying position on the stomach or back).
The necessary insurance in this case is standing on the side, supporting the approach under the thigh with one hand, with the other under the shoulder.
Somersaults
Somersault is an acrobatic exercise in the form of a rotational movement of the body with a turn over the head. Its peculiarity is in the successive touch of the support by different parts of the body.
A back roll can be tucked or bent over. The first is done by crouching down and resting your hands on the floor. After pushing hard with your hands, you need to roll back and roll over your head, then return to the squat.
Bent over roll - having taken the basic stance, they lean forward, sit down, keeping their legs straight. The movement continues with a roll back over the back. Then go to the main rack.
At the same time, the safety net is carried out by helping at the time of the coup with one hand on the shoulder, with the other under the back.
It is more difficult to perform the same somersault with a roll over the shoulder. It is performed, as a rule, from a saddle, with legs connected and arms spread out on the sides, by rolling backward.
When touching the floor with your shoulder blades, you need to bend sharply, pointing your legs up. At the same time, turn your head to the side and rest your hand next to it. Roll over your chest, then over your stomach. Straighten your arms and then raise your head.
When the student is performing the exercise, the coach stands on the side and insures for the shins.
There is also a back roll performed over the shoulder.
Forward rolls are similarly divided into those that are carried out bent over, in a grouping, the so-called. long from a jump or from - the latter option is more often studied by young men.
Rack
This is the name of an acrobatic exercise in which the body takes an upright position with its feet up in support. This is a kind of limited balance. There may be different categories of difficulty. The emphasis is on the shoulders, shoulder blades, arms, head, etc.
The main option is a stand on the shoulder blades. In this case, the support is on the back of the head, neck, elbows and shoulder blades with the support of the lower back. At the same time, the coach secures the side of the leg.
And the head (at the same time) is made from the support by squatting or sitting on the heels, as well as from other positions.
The handstand is difficult to perform due to the need to maintain balance, often accompanied by a fall backward or forward. Balance is achieved by pressing your fingers or palms on the floor. Such a stand can be performed with a swing or push of the legs.
When performing it, insurance is strictly required by holding the leg and thigh of the leg. The performer himself, when falling, must rearrange his arms or lower his leg so as not to hurt himself.
For babies
The method of teaching acrobatic exercises for schoolchildren from the first to the eleventh grade involves taking into account the individual and age characteristics of children. The objectives and content of the lessons change as they grow and develop.
Acrobatic exercises for young children are not very difficult. In the first grade, they learn the technique of groupings and rolls. To maintain interest in learning, you can invite children to portray a kolobok or any animal. Each exercise is fixed with multiple repetitions.
Older kids master somersaults forward and backward, "bridges", stands on the shoulder blades.
For teenagers
In the fifth - eighth grades, the technique of acrobatic exercises becomes more complicated, which is associated with the improving physical capabilities of students. The number of elements and their variety increases, additional movements are introduced, and the intensity of the load increases.
The complex of acrobatic exercises for children of this age includes several rolls in a row with rolls, head and arm stands, half spins and a jump upward with a bend.
For high school students
Closer to high school, the curriculum for boys and girls begins to differ. Boys master handstand and other more complex elements in comparison with the tasks for girls.
The complex of acrobatic exercises for girls consists mainly of flexibility exercises. They are obliged to "master", for example, a "bridge" with lowering back, etc.
Acrobatics as a sport
Athletes-acrobats conduct competitions in singles (both men and women), in pair exercises (a pair of men or women or a mixed pair) and in a group. In the competition, acrobats demonstrate jump combinations and floor exercises.
Groups of acrobats perform an artistic composition of throws, balance elements and jumps.
In the training of gymnasts, acrobatics plays a large role. Jumping is the most difficult thing in floor exercises, and many gymnasts' apparatus elements are similar to acrobatic ones.
Basic jumps in acrobatics
The overturn is most often done with a running start after jumping with a swing of one of the legs and a push with the other. The arms are straight all the time. They put them on the floor as far as possible from the leg that serves as a jogging leg.
A jump coup begins with a run after jumping on two legs with one (the so-called swoop). In this case, an energetic push is made with both legs at once with the movement of the torso and arms under oneself, a swing backward with the legs and sudden inhibition.
Rondat is the so-called acrobatic exercise, which serves to move from a run to exercises with back forward. The whole jump depends on the quality of its execution.
The wheel flip does not have a flight phase, unlike a jump. It is produced by rotating around an imaginary transverse axis while swinging one leg and pushing with the other.
The backward flip is done in two stages: after the kick and after the hand push. The duration and height of both phases are almost equal. Bending the legs quickly and then braking before landing is essential.
Other elements of acrobatics
There are other types of acrobatic exercises, one of which is half-ups. Most of them are more difficult than coups, only a few are quite simple and serve as auxiliary exercises.
It is done by vigorous swinging with both legs, braking, pushing with the hands and landing on straight legs.
Curbet (jumping from hands to feet) is somewhat reminiscent of a backward flip, or rather, its other half. By swinging one of the legs and pushing the other, a handstand is performed. Without completing it, you need to bend, quickly bend your knees, also quickly unbend and slow them down.
Somersaults are the most spectacular, but also the most difficult of the jumps in acrobatics. It is done by rotating backward, forward or sideways. It can be front, flywheel - requiring special flexibility, as well as rear from a place.
The back somersault, bending over, is a complex element; before studying it, you need to master the grouping well. Its twist version is done with additional rotation and body straightening.
The pirouette, or somersault with a full turn (360 degrees), is available in two versions. In the first of them, rotation begins in the support position, in the other, in the free (unsupported) stage.
