A thyroid hormone test is a study of the level of thyroid hormones (thyroxine and triiodothyronine) and the associated thyroid-stimulating hormone. The examination is prescribed by doctors of various specialties and today is the most popular of all hormone tests.
Why are these tests prescribed?
Analysis for thyroid hormones is relevant in practice:
The function of the thyroid gland affects the work of the cardiovascular, nervous, digestive, hematopoietic, reproductive systems.
Thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism can mimic the clinical picture of other diseases. For example, "masks" of decreased thyroid function are depression, obesity, chronic constipation, iron deficiency anemia, dementia, infertility, menstrual irregularities, hearing loss, tunnel syndromes, and other conditions.
Thyrotoxicosis must be excluded when tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, arterial hypertension, insomnia, panic attacks and some other pathologies are detected.
Indications for testing for thyroid hormones:
- the presence of signs of thyrotoxicosis (tachycardia, extrasystole, weight loss, nervousness, tremor, etc.);
- the presence of signs of hypothyroidism (bradycardia, increased body weight, dry skin, speech delay, memory loss, etc.);
- diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland on palpation and according to ultrasound;
- nodular formations of thyroid tissue according to examination and additional studies;
- infertility;
- menstrual irregularities;
- miscarriage;
- a sharp change in weight against the background of a normal diet and physical activity;
- heart rhythm disturbances;
- dyslipidemia (increased total cholesterol and atherogenic index);
- anemia;
- impotence and decreased libido;
- galactorrhea;
- retardation of the mental and physical development of the child;
- control of conservative treatment for thyroid diseases;
- control in the postoperative period (subtotal resection, resection of the lobe, exterpation of the thyroid gland) and after radioisotope treatment.
In addition, the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) test is included in neonatal screening, that is, it is performed on all newborns in Russia without fail. This study allows early detection of congenital hypothyroidism and the initiation of the necessary treatment.
How to prepare properly?
Thyroid hormones are influenced by many factors. It is important to prepare correctly in order to avoid mistakes in the research.
All tests for thyroid hormones should preferably be taken on an empty stomach. This means that at least 8 and no more than 12 hours should pass from the last meal. At this time, you can not drink sugary drinks, juice, coffee, tea, use chewing gum.
On the evening before the study, it is necessary to exclude the intake of alcoholic beverages.
Blood must be donated before 10 am.
Hormonal pills (L-thyroxine and others) can be taken only after taking blood for thyroid hormones.
Smoking should be stopped more than 60 minutes before blood collection.
Before taking blood, the patient should rest slightly (catch his breath) for 10-15 minutes.
X-rays, ECGs, ultrasounds, or physiotherapy procedures should not be performed in the morning before analysis.
Studies with radiographic contrast should be carried out no later than 2-4 days before blood sampling for analysis.
Deciphering the results of the analysis for thyroid hormones - the norms of the indicators in the table
Different laboratories may use different methods, units of measurement and reagents, and accordingly, the standards often differ.
| Analysis | Decoding the results | Norm |
| Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) blood test | An increase may indicate primary hypothyroidism (subclinical or manifest) or secondary thyrotoxicosis. Decrease occurs in primary thyrotoxicosis and in secondary hypothyroidism | 0.4 - 4 μIU / ml |
| Blood test for free hormone thyroxine (T4) | A decrease occurs with manifest hypothyroidism, an increase - with manifest thyrotoxicosis. | 0.8-1.8 pg / ml or 10-23 pmol / l |
| Blood test for free hormone triiodothyronine (T3) | A decrease is characteristic of overt hypothyroidism, an increase - for overt thyrotoxicosis. | 3.5–8.0 pg / ml or 5.4– 12.3 pmol / l |
| Thyroglobulin blood test | The increase speaks in favor of the oncological process and cancer recurrence after radical treatment. In addition, it increases in subacute thyroiditis and thyroid adenoma. | After thyroidectomy)<1– 2 нг/млВ норме < 50нг/млПри йодном дефиците < 70 нг/мл |
| Antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (AT-TPO) | A high titer of antibodies meets with autoimmune processes - Hashimoto's thyroiditis, postpartum thyroiditis, Graves' disease | <30 МЕ/мл – негативные результаты30 – 100 МЕ/мл – пограничные значения>100 IU / ml - positive results |
| Thyroglobulin antibody analysis (AT-TG) | Occurs in all autoimmune processes in the thyroid gland | <100 мЕд/л |
Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism of the thyroid gland - deviations from the norms in the analyzes
Hypothyroidism Is a decrease in thyroid function. In this condition, not enough thyroid hormones are produced. Accordingly, in the analyzes there is a decrease in free thyroxine (T4) and free triiodothyronine (T3). The ratio of T3 and T4 rises quite often (normally< 0,28).
Increased TSH Is a normal pituitary gland reaction in primary hypothyroidism caused by thyroid disease. Thyroid stimulating hormone stimulates the work of thyrocytes. This indicator changes even with minor violations. Therefore, TSH rises in primary hypothyroidism even earlier than the T4 and T3 indicators fall. These initial changes are interpreted as subclinical hypothyroidism.
Combination of low TSH and low thyroid hormones indicates secondary hypothyroidism. That is, about the low function of thyrocytes due to damage to the pituitary gland.
Decreased T3 and T4 without an increase in thyroid-stimulating hormone is evaluated as a laboratory effect and is interpreted as euthyroidism.
In hypothyroidism, markers of the autoimmune process are often detected - AT-TPO and AT-TG. A high titer of antibodies helps to establish the cause of the decrease in thyroid function - autoimmune thyroiditis.
Hypothyroidism treatment hormone replacement drugs (L-thyroxine and triiodothyronine) are controlled by the level of TSH. The target value for patients after surgery for cancer is below 1 μIU / ml, in pregnant women and women planning to conceive - up to 2.5 μIU / ml, in patients with myocardial ischemia - up to 10 μIU / ml, in the rest - 1–2, 5 μIU / ml.
Hyperthyroidism - the state of excessive functional activity of the thyroid gland. In practice, the term thyrotoxicosis is often used.
With hyperthyroidism, blood levels of T3 and T4 increase. There may be an isolated increase in only one of the hormones. T3 thyrotoxicosis is more common in elderly patients and is clinically manifested by damage primarily to the cardiovascular system.
Primary thyrotoxicosis manifested by a decrease in TSH. Thyroid stimulating hormone can be suppressed to almost zero values. If this indicator is reduced, and T3 and T4 are within the normal range, then we can talk about subclinical thyrotoxicosis.
If high concentrations of thyroid hormones are combined with high TSH, the doctor may suspect secondary hyperthyroidism. This condition most often occurs with hormonally active pituitary adenoma.
Increased T3 and T4 without lowering thyroid-stimulating hormone assessed as a laboratory effect and interpreted as euthyroidism.
With thyrotoxicosis, high antibody titers can be detected. In this case, the cause of the disease is most likely Graves' disease (diffuse toxic goiter).
Blood test for thyroid hormones during pregnancy
Pregnancy affects thyroid function and makes laboratory testing of thyroid hormones difficult.
The first trimester is characterized by a state of physiological thyrotoxicosis. TSH may be slightly below normal, and T3 and T4 may be elevated. Such laboratory abnormalities occur in 20–25% of all women.
Throughout pregnancy, thyroid-stimulating hormone may remain suppressed or at the lower limit of normal. Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) can also be in the upper normal range, or even slightly higher in a normal pregnancy.
Usually, no complaints or symptoms of impaired thyroid function in a woman appear. The condition does not require treatment.
In case of persistent severe thyrotoxicosis, according to test data, signs of an autoimmune thyroid gland and clinical manifestations, drug or surgical treatment can be prescribed.
Much more dangerous during pregnancy is low thyroid function. Hypothyroidism is diagnosed with TSH values \u200b\u200babove 2.5 μIU / ml in the first trimester and above 3 μIU / ml in the second and third.
Detection of elevated TSH during pregnancy requires the immediate appointment of hormone therapy (L-thyroxine). Hypothyroidism can lead to fetal malformations and abortion.
Where to get tested for thyroid hormones - prices in laboratories in Moscow and St. Petersburg
In public hospitals in Moscow, St. Petersburg and other cities of Russia, it is possible to determine the hormones TSH, T3, T4, thyroglobulin and antibodies. However, unfortunately, in most cases, funding for laboratory diagnostics is insufficient.
Tests for thyroid hormones can be taken in any paid laboratory. These popular studies are performed quickly and with high precision.
In Moscow, the most specialized institution is the laboratory of the Endocrinological Research Center. The cost of TSH analysis at the Center is 460 rubles, T3 - 550 rubles, T4 - 460 rubles, AT-TPO and AT-TG 490 and 450 rubles, respectively.
There are dozens of private medical centers in St. Petersburg that provide blood sampling services for testing. You can donate TSH, T4, T3, thyroglobulin and antibodies in the clinics of the North-West Endocrinology Center, Globus Med, Helix Laboratory Service, ABIA and many others. Prices for one study - from 340 rubles.
Endocrine disorders are common in humans and can cause the development of serious diseases of various etiologies of origin. The causes of these pathologies are called the phenomenon of autoimmune thyroiditis, which causes irreversible changes in the human body. Deciphering a blood test for thyroid hormones is important when studying this issue.
Reasons for Assigning an Analysis
The normal functioning of the thyroid gland is ensured by the correct functioning of the vital process in the body. In the event of a pathology, qualified doctors in various fields prescribe a special analysis to determine the appropriate indicators.
A blood test is prescribed for such diseases and characteristic symptoms:
- excessive change in body weight for no apparent reason;
- enlargement of the thyroid gland noticeable to the naked eye;
- disorders of the nervous system (depression, mood swings, increased drowsiness);
- cardiovascular diseases;
- poor bearing of pregnancy, tendency to miscarriages;
- decreased sexual libido, loss of potency;
- irregular menstrual cycle;
- the presence of anemia;
- infertility of varying degrees;
- slight decrease in memory, rapid loss of concentration;
- slow development of children;
- monitoring thyroid therapy;
- cholesterol level rises, plaques appear on the face;
- the postoperative period (after surgery on the thyroid gland);
- the occurrence of tumors in the pituitary gland.
Indications for a blood test for thyroid hormones An accurate diagnosis of newborn babies, adolescents with obvious problems requires analysis.
Types of hormones and the consequences of their deviations
Deciphering a blood test for thyroid hormones at the TSH level reveals all kinds of disorders. With an increase in this indicator in the human body, noticeable changes are observed, and against the background of this phenomenon, pathologies of a different nature arise. The study is carried out without fail in women over the age of 45, since changes in the TSH level signal disturbances in the body after the restructuring of the woman's hormonal system.
The decoding of the TSH together with the range of values \u200b\u200bis presented in the table below:
The table above shows the average values \u200b\u200bof the norm. TSH decoding should be carried out by a qualified endocrinologist who will study the full clinical picture and prescribe further necessary therapy!
Deciphering the analysis is based on the quantitative content of such compounds:
- T3 and T4 value... The analysis for thyroid hormones consists in determining the values \u200b\u200bof triiodothyronine and thyroxine in relation to proteins that control the level of metabolic processes in the body and contribute to its normal life. The content of substances depends on a genetic predisposition, but a strong non-compliance with the norms is subjected to a certain treatment, bringing to natural indicators. The quantitative content of compounds depends on the equipment used, the reagents that determine the presence in the blood. In special forms indicate the permissible limits of the results and the actual data obtained. Do not compare TSH norms from other sources of information. A strong increase in TSH hormones indicates the occurrence of thyrotoxicosis, characterized by severe irritability, constant fatigue in a person. A sharp decrease in T3 and T4 is a sign of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, in which the body's immunity independently destroys the thyroid cells. Against the background of a low value of hormones when taking Tyrozol or Mercazolil, hyperthyroidism develops.
- T3 level... In the forms, this indicator is indicated as T3, and a value above the norm confirms the presence of hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, Graves' disease, and toxic goiter. This study is considered one of the most difficult, since the correctness of the results is unlikely. With a low T3 level compared to normal TSH and T4 levels, there is a high risk of laboratory error, since all connections are interconnected. The level of the T3 hormone is prone to decrease in case of malfunctioning of the thyroid gland and is typical in Hashimoto's disease, surgical operations, medical procedures (iodine therapy).
- T4 level... Increased hormone levels are observed in hyperthyroidism, thyroiditis, toxic goiter, liver poisoning and obesity. Low T4 results are the cause of autoimmune disruptions, stress in the body, iodine deficiency, adrenal gland dysfunction, alcohol dependence.
- Antibodies to TPO (antibodies to thyroperoxidase)... An increase in this indicator confirms the presence of an aggressive effect of the immune system in relation to the human body. An increase in antibodies occurs with Graves' disease, thyrotoxicosis, or hyperthyroidism. The quantitative norms of the level of the hormone in people under 50 are the maximum value of 30 units, after 50 years the mark rises to 50 units.
- AT-TG (production of antibodies to thyroglobulin) determined by several laboratory methods, and the rate is calculated based on various data. The absence of this substance in the blood does not threaten health, and its excess occurs with the development of Down syndrome, Graves disease and other pathologies of an autoimmune nature.
Below is a table of the main quantitative indicators of the analysis:
Norms during pregnancy
The period of bearing a child in women is characterized by a change in the indicators of the thyroid gland. During the first trimester, the TSH value is lowered, and the thyroxine norms of triiodothyronine are overestimated. Such dynamics is observed before the onset of labor and is not an indication for treatment! 
The occurrence of hyperthyroidism during the period of bearing a baby is considered especially dangerous. This condition leads to a change in fetal development or abortion. Treatment is carried out using the drug L-thyroxine to restore the normal functionality of the thyroid gland.
Revealing the amount of hormonal substances during pregnancy is a mandatory procedure, since it is necessary to control the work of the endocrine system. The results of the study will help to study the general condition of a woman and prevent possible unwanted consequences!
Indicators of thyroid hormones depend on the method of analysis, changes in the body. Deviations from the norm are not always considered a manifestation of any pathology. For the most correct interpretation of the results obtained, you need to contact a qualified endocrinologist. The specialist will study the quantitative characteristics and prescribe the appropriate treatment!
Thyroid hormones T4 (thyroxine) and T3 (triiodothyronine) are thyroid hormones detected in the blood, the sensitivity of test systems for hormones is different. Therefore, in different laboratories, the norms of these indicators are different. The most popular method of testing for thyroid hormones is the ELISA method. It is necessary to pay attention, when receiving the results of the analysis for thyroid hormones, the norm of hormones for each laboratory is different, and it should be indicated in the results.
Thyroid stimulating hormone activates the activity of the thyroid gland and increases the synthesis of its "personal" (thyroid) hormones - thyroxine, or tetraiodothyronine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Thyroxine (T4), the main thyroid hormone, normally circulates at about 58-161 nmol / L (4.5-12.5 μg / dL), most of it is associated with transport proteins, mainly TSH, in a state. The rate of thyroid hormones, which largely depends on the time of day and on the state of the body, have a pronounced effect on the metabolism of proteins in the body. At normal concentrations of thyroxine and triiodothyronine, the synthesis of protein molecules in the body is activated. The circulating main thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) is almost entirely bound to transport proteins. Immediately after entering the bloodstream from the thyroid gland, a large amount of thyroxine is converted into triiodothyronine, an active hormone. In people with hyperthyroidism (hormone production above normal), the level of circulating hormone is constantly increasing.
The most common method for diagnosing thyroid diseases is blood test for thyroid hormones, and this is especially true for women, because thyroid pathology is mainly found in the fair half. But few people wondered what those indicators mean, which are given under the general name "tests for thyroid hormones."
Norms of thyroid hormones in the blood:
Thyroid stimulating hormone (thyrotropin, TSH) 0.4 - 4.0 mIU / ml
Free thyroxine (T4-free) 9.0-19.1 pmol / l
Free triiodothyronine (T3-free) 2.63-5.70 pmol / l
Antibodies to thyroglobulin (AT-TG) norm< 4,1 МЕ/мл
Thyroglobulin (TG) 1.6 - 59.0 ng / ml
See below for more details.
The thyroid gland is one of the most important organs of the human endocrine system. The main function of the thyroid gland is the production of thyroid hormones. They regulate most of the metabolic processes in the body.
Why is it important to examine the thyroid gland for hormones?
The thyroid gland affects the entire body as a whole, and even the most insignificant, at first glance, deviations from the norms affect the metabolism in the body, the heart, nervous and reproductive systems. The earlier the pathology of the thyroid gland is detected, the easier it is to treat.
Why is it better to undergo a comprehensive examination for thyroid hormones?
The thyroid gland synthesizes 2 main hormones: T3 and T4, the formation of which is regulated by TSH (synthesized in the pituitary gland), it is important to see the whole picture. In addition, TG and TPO participate in the formation of hormones in the thyroid gland, to which antibodies are formed in the thyroid gland in some forms of pathology, therefore, to assess thyroid function, a comprehensive examination is necessary. The value of laboratory tests increases with the simultaneous ultrasound examination (ultrasound). Symptoms of a dysfunction of the thyroid gland (in children and adults):
1. Sudden changes in weight;
2. Unstable menstrual cycle in women and adolescent girls;
3. Change in appearance: problems with skin, hair, nails;
4. Disorders from the gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular systems;
5. Deterioration of memory, slowing down of thinking and speech;
6. Increased sweating, hand tremors and increased body temperature
7. Weakness, irritability, tearfulness;
8. Decreased immunity, tendency to colds.
Who should have a thyroid examination?
All without exception: women and men, children. In order to prevent and when one or more of the above symptoms appear, it is recommended to undergo a comprehensive examination of the thyroid gland: take tests, undergo an ultrasound scan and, according to the result of the examination, consult a doctor.
Many believe that the following indicators are related to thyroid hormones: TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone), T3 (triiodothyronine), T4 (thyroxine), antibodies to TPO, to TG, to TSH receptors. But this is far from the case. Let's consider each indicator separately.
- The following indicators are directly related to the tests for thyroid hormones: total T3 and T4 and free T3 and T4.
- TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) is a pituitary hormone that has a regulating effect on the synthesis of thyroid hormones.
- Antibodies to TPO (thyroperoxidase) and antibodies to TG (thyroglobulin) are not hormones, but proteins that are synthesized by the immune system. These are antibodies to proteins and enzymes that are involved in the synthesis of thyroid hormones.
- Antibodies to TSH receptors are proteins synthesized by the immune system that have the effects of TSH and competitively bind to receptors on thyroid cells.
In the United States, it is recommended to diagnose subclinical forms of thyroid dysfunction based on the following indicators: deviation from the reference values \u200b\u200bof thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) with normal (within the reference values) indicators of free thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Elevated TSH levels are associated with hypothyroidism and elevated low-density lipoprotein levels. Low TSH levels (hyperthyroidism) are associated with the dangers of atrial fibrillation and decreased bone mineralization.
Comprehensive examination for thyroid hormones.
This profile includes the following analyzes:
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH, Thyrotropin, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, TSH)
Antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (AT-TPO, microsomal antibodies, anti-thyroid
Free Thyroxine (Free Thyroxine, FT4)
Free Triiodthyronine (Free T3, Free Triiodthyronine, FT3)
Antibodies to thyroglobulin (AT-TG, anti-thyroglobulin autoantibodies)
Total triiodothyronine (T3 total, Total Triiodthyronine, TT3)
Oxygen absorption stimulator and metabolism activator.
Amino acid hormone of the thyroid gland. It is produced by follicular cells of the thyroid gland under control (TSH). In peripheral tissues, it is formed during deiodination of T4. Most of the T3 circulating in the blood is associated with transport proteins, the biological effects are exerted by the free part of the hormone, which makes up 30-50% of the total T4 concentration. This hormone is more active than T4, but is less concentrated in the blood. Increases heat production and oxygen consumption by all tissues of the body, with the exception of brain tissues, reticulo-endothelial system and gonads. Stimulates the synthesis of vitamin A in the liver. Reduces the concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood, accelerates protein metabolism. Increases urinary calcium excretion, activates bone metabolism, but to a greater extent - bone resorption. It has a positive chrono- and inotropic effect on the heart. Stimulates the reticular formation and cortical processes in the central nervous system.
The total T3 is characterized by seasonal fluctuations: the maximum level falls on the period from September to February, the minimum - in the summer period. By the age of 11 - 15 years, its general concentration reaches the level of adults. In men and women over 65, there is a decrease in total T3 in serum and plasma. In the euthyroid state, the concentration of the hormone can go beyond the reference values \u200b\u200bwhen the amount of the hormone associated with the transport protein changes. An increase in the concentration of this hormone occurs with an increase in its binding in the following situations: pregnancy, hepatitis, HIV infection, porphyria, hyperestrogenism.
Nmol / l.
Ng / dl.
Unit conversion: ng / dL x 0.01536 \u003d\u003d\u003e nmol / L.
Reference values \u200b\u200b(adults), the norm in the blood of total T3:
Increased T3 level of general:
- thyrotropinoma;
- toxic goiter;
- isolated T3 toxicosis;
- thyroiditis;
- thyrotoxic adenoma of the thyroid gland;
- T4-resistant hypothyroidism;
- TSH-independent thyrotoxicosis;
- choriocarcinoma;
- nephrotic syndrome;
- increase in body weight;
- systemic diseases;
- hemodialysis;
- taking amiodarone, estrogens, levothyroxine, methadone, oral contraceptives.
Decreased T3 level of total:
- euthyroid patient syndrome;
- chronic liver disease;
- severe non-thyroidal pathology, including somatic and mental illnesses.
- low protein diet;
- taking drugs such as antithyroid drugs (propylthiouracil, mercazolil), anabolic steroids, beta-blockers (metoprolol, propranolol, atenolol), glucocorticoids (dexamethasone, hydrocortisone), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, contraceptive agents, salicylate, asphenylatephenylate lipid-lowering agents (colestipol, cholestyramine), radiopaque agents, terbutaline.
Free Triiodthyronine (Free T3, Free Triiodthyronine, FT3)
Thyroid hormone, stimulates the exchange and absorption of oxygen by tissues (more active T4).
It is produced by the follicular cells of the thyroid gland under the control of TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone). In peripheral tissues, it is formed during deiodination of T4. Free T3 is the active part of the total T3, amounting to 0.2 - 0.5%.
T3 is more active than T4, but is less concentrated in the blood. Increases heat production and oxygen consumption by all body tissues, with the exception of brain tissue, spleen and testicles. Stimulates the synthesis of vitamin A in the liver. Reduces the concentration of cholesterol and triglerides in the blood, accelerates protein metabolism. Increases urinary calcium excretion, activates bone metabolism, but to a greater extent - bone resorption. It has a positive chrono- and inotropic effect on the heart. Stimulates the reticular formation and cortical processes in the central nervous system.
By the age of 11-15, the concentration of free T3 reaches the adult level. In men and women over 65, there is a decrease in free T3 in serum and plasma. During pregnancy, T3 decreases from the 1st to the 3rd trimester. A week after delivery, serum free T3 levels return to normal. Women have lower concentrations of free T3 than men by an average of 5-10%. Free T3 is characterized by seasonal fluctuations: the maximum level of free T3 falls on the period from September to February, the minimum - in the summer period.
Units of measurement (international standard): pmol / l.
Alternative units measured and I : pg / ml.
Unit conversion:pg / ml x 1.536 \u003d\u003d\u003e pmol / l.
Reference values: 2.6 - 5.7 pmol / l.
Level up:- thyrotropinoma;
- toxic goiter;
- isolated T3 toxicosis;
- thyroiditis;
- thyrotoxic adenoma;
- T4-resistant hypothyroidism;
- postpartum thyroid dysfunction;
- choriocarcinoma;
- decrease in the level of thyroxine-binding globulin;
- myeloma with high IgG levels;
- nephrotic syndrome;
- hemodialysis;
- chronic liver disease.
- uncompensated primary adrenal insufficiency;
- severe non-thyroidal pathology, including somatic and mental illnesses;
- recovery period after severe illness;
- primary, secondary, tertiary hypothyroidism;
- artifactual thyrotoxicosis due to self-designation of T4;
- a low protein and low calorie diet;
- heavy physical activity in women;
- loss of body weight;
- taking amiodarone, large doses of propranolol, x-ray iodine contrast agents.
Total thyroxine (total T4, total tetraiodothyronine, Total Thyroxine, TT4)
Amino acid thyroid hormone is a stimulant to increase oxygen consumption and tissue metabolism.
Total T4 rate:in women 71-142 nmol / l, in men 59-135 nmol / l. Increased values \u200b\u200bof the T4 hormone can be observed with: thyrotoxic goiter; pregnancy; postpartum thyroid dysfunction
It is produced by the follicular cells of the thyroid gland under the control of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Most of the T4 circulating in the blood is associated with transport proteins, the biological effects are exerted by the free part of the hormone, which is 3 - 5% of the total T4 concentration.
It is a precursor of the more active hormone T3, but it has its own, although less pronounced than that of T3, effect. The T4 concentration in the blood is higher than the T3 concentration. By increasing the basal metabolic rate, it increases heat production and oxygen consumption by all tissues of the body, with the exception of the tissues of the brain, spleen and testicles. Which increases the body's need for vitamins. Stimulates the synthesis of vitamin A in the liver. Reduces the concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood, accelerates protein metabolism. Increases urinary calcium excretion, activates bone metabolism, but to a greater extent - bone resorption. It has a positive chrono- and inotropic effect on the heart. Stimulates the reticular formation and cortical processes in the central nervous system. T4 inhibits TSH secretion.
During the day, the maximum concentration of thyroxine is determined from 8 to 12 hours, the minimum - from 23 to 3 hours. During the year, the maximum values \u200b\u200bof T4 are observed between September and February, the minimum in summer. During pregnancy, the concentration of total thyroxine increases, reaching maximum values \u200b\u200bin the third trimester, which is associated with an increase in the content of thyroxine-binding globulin under the influence of estrogens. In this case, the content of free thyroxine may decrease. The hormone levels in both men and women remain relatively constant throughout their lives. In the euthyroid state, the concentration of the hormone can go beyond the reference values \u200b\u200bwhen the binding of the hormone to the transport protein changes.
Units of measurement (international standard): nmol / l.
Alternative units of measure: μg / dl
Unit conversion: μg / dL x 12.87 \u003d\u003d\u003e nmol / L
Reference values \u200b\u200b(norm of free thyroxine T4 in blood):
Increased thyroxine (T4) levels:
- thyrotropinoma;
- toxic goiter, toxic adenoma;
- thyroiditis;
- thyroid hormone resistance syndrome;
- TSH-independent thyrotoxicosis;
- T4-resistant hypothyroidism;
- postpartum thyroid dysfunction;
- choriocarcinoma;
- myeloma with high IgG levels;
- decreased binding capacity of thyroid-binding globulin;
- nephrotic syndrome;
- chronic liver disease;
- artifactual thyrotoxicosis due to self-designation of T4;
- obesity;
- HIV infection;
- porphyria;
- taking drugs such as amiodarone, radiopaque iodine-containing agents (iopanoic acid, tyropanoic acid), thyroid hormone preparations (levothyroxine), thyroliberin, thyrotropin, levodopa, synthetic estrogens (mestranol, stilbestrol), opiates, phenylephrine contraceptives, prostaglandins, tamoxifen, propylthiouracil, fluorouracil, insulin.
- primary hypothyroidism (congenital and acquired: endemic goiter, autoimmune thyroiditis, neoplastic processes in the thyroid gland);
- secondary hypothyroidism (Sheehan syndrome, inflammatory processes in the pituitary gland);
- taking the following drugs: drugs for the treatment of breast cancer (aminoglutethimide, tamoxifen), triiodothyronine, antithyroid drugs (methimazole, propylthiouracil), asparaginase, corticotropin, glucocorticoids (cortisone, dexamethasone), co-trimoxazole, anti-tuberculosis drugs iodides (131I), antifungal drugs (intraconazole, ketoconazole), hypolipidemic agents (cholestyramine, lovastatin, clofibrate), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (diclofenac, phenylbutazone, aspirin), and propylthiouracil, diabetic urea sulfonamide (sulphonamide) stanozolol), anticonvulsants (valproic acid, phenobarbital, primidone, phenytoin, carbamazepine), furosemide (taken in large doses), lithium salts.
Free Thyroxine (Free Thyroxine, FT4)
It is produced by the follicular cells of the thyroid gland under the control of TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone). It is the predecessor of T3. By increasing the rate of basal metabolism, it increases heat production and oxygen consumption by all tissues of the body, with the exception of the tissues of the brain, spleen and testicles. Increases the body's need for vitamins. Stimulates the synthesis of vitamin A in the liver. Reduces the concentration of cholesterol and triglerides in the blood, accelerates protein metabolism. Increases urinary calcium excretion, activates bone metabolism, but to a greater extent - bone resorption. It has a positive chrono- and inotropic effect on the heart. Stimulates the reticular formation and cortical processes in the central nervous system.
Units of measurement (international standard SI): pmol / l
Alternative units of measure: ng / dl
Unit conversion: ng / dl x 12.87 \u003d\u003d\u003e pmol / l
Reference values \u200b\u200b(norm of free T4 in blood):
Increased level of thyroxine (T4) free:
- toxic goiter;
- thyroiditis;
- thyrotoxic adenoma;
- thyroid hormone resistance syndrome;
- TSH-independent thyrotoxicosis;
- hypothyroidism treated with thyroxine;
- familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia;
- postpartum thyroid dysfunction;
- choriocarcinoma;
- conditions in which the level or binding capacity of thyroxine-binding globulin decreases;
- myeloma with high IgG levels;
- nephrotic syndrome;
- chronic liver disease;
- thyrotoxicosis due to self-administration of T4;
- obesity;
- taking the following drugs: amiodarone, thyroid hormone preparations (levothyroxine), propranolol, propylthiouracil, aspirin, danazol, furosemide, radiographic drugs, tamoxifen, valproic acid;
- heparin treatment and diseases associated with an increase in free fatty acids.
Decrease in the level of thyroxine (T4) free:
- primary hypothyroidism not treated with thyroxine (congenital, acquired: endemic goiter, autoimmune thyroiditis, neoplasms in the thyroid gland, extensive resection of the thyroid gland);
- secondary hypothyroidism (Sheehan's syndrome, inflammatory processes in the pituitary gland, thyrotropinoma);
- tertiary hypothyroidism (traumatic brain injury, inflammatory processes in the hypothalamus);
- a diet low in protein and significant iodine deficiency;
- contact with lead;
- surgical interventions;
- a sharp decrease in body weight in obese women;
- heroin use;
- taking the following drugs: anabolic steroids, anticonvulsants (phenytoin, carbamazepine), thyreostatic overdose, clofibrate, lithium preparations, methadone, octreotide, oral contraceptives.
During the day, the maximum concentration of thyroxine is determined from 8 to 12 hours, the minimum - from 23 to 3 hours. During the year, the maximum T4 values \u200b\u200bare observed in the period between September and February, the minimum - in the summer. In women, the concentration of thyroxine is lower than in men. During pregnancy, the concentration of thyroxine increases, reaching maximum values \u200b\u200bin the third trimester. The level of the hormone in men and women remains relatively constant throughout life, decreasing only after 40 years.
The concentration of free thyroxine, as a rule, remains within the normal range in severe diseases not associated with the thyroid gland (the concentration of total T4 may be low!).
An increase in the level of T4 is facilitated by high concentrations of bilirubin in the serum, obesity, the application of a tourniquet when taking blood.
Antibodies to rTTG (antibodies to TSH receptors, TSH receptor autoantibodies)
Autoimmune antibodies to thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors in the thyroid gland, a marker of diffuse toxic goiter.
Autoantibodies to thyroid-stimulating hormone (AT-rTTG) receptors can mimic the effects of TSH on the thyroid gland and cause an increase in the concentration of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) in the blood. They are detected in more than 85% of patients with Graves' disease (diffuse toxic goiter) and are used as a diagnostic and prognostic marker of this organ-specific autoimmune disease. The mechanism of formation of thyroid-stimulating antibodies is not completely clear, although there is a genetic predisposition to the occurrence of diffuse toxic goiter.
With this autoimmune pathology, autoantibodies are also detected in the serum to other thyroid antigens, especially to microsomal antigens (tests of AT-TPO antibodies to microsomal peroxidase or AT-MAG antibodies to the microsomal fraction of thyrocytes).
Units of measurement (international standard): U / l.
Reference (norm) values:
- ≤1 U / L - negative;
- 1.1 - 1.5 U / l - doubtful;
- \u003e 1.5 U / L - positive.
Positive result:
- Diffuse toxic goiter (Graves disease) in 85 - 95% of cases.
- Other forms of thyroiditis.
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH, Thyrotropin, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, TSH)
Glycoprotein hormone that stimulates the formation and secretion of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)
It is produced by basophils of the anterior pituitary gland under the control of thyroid-stimulating hypothalamic releasing factor, as well as somatostatin, biogenic amines and thyroid hormones. Strengthens the vascularization of the thyroid gland. Increases the flow of iodine from the blood plasma into the thyroid cells, stimulates the synthesis of thyroglobulin and the release of T3 and T4 from it, and also directly stimulates the synthesis of these hormones. Enhances lipolysis.
There is an inverse logarithmic relationship between the concentrations of free T4 and TSH in the blood.
For TSH, daily fluctuations in secretion are characteristic: the highest values \u200b\u200bof TSH in the blood reach by 2 - 4 a.m., a high level in the blood is also determined at 6 - 8 a.m., the minimum TSH values \u200b\u200bare at 17 - 18 p.m. The normal rhythm of secretion is disturbed when awake at night. During pregnancy, the concentration of the hormone increases. With age, the concentration of TSH increases slightly, the amount of hormone release at night decreases.
Measurement units (international standard): honey / l.
Alternative units of measure: μU / ml \u003d honey / L.
Unit conversion: μU / ml \u003d honey / L.
Reference values \u200b\u200b(norm of TSH in the blood):
Increased TSH levels:
- thyrotropinoma;
- basophilic pituitary adenoma (rare);
- syndrome of unregulated TSH secretion;
- thyroid hormone resistance syndrome;
- primary and secondary hypothyroidism;
- juvenile hypothyroidism;
- uncompensated primary adrenal insufficiency;
- subacute thyroiditis and Hashimoto's thyroiditis;
- ectopic secretion in lung tumors;
- pituitary tumor;
- severe somatic and mental illness;
- severe gestosis (preeclampsia);
- cholecystectomy;
- contact with lead;
- excessive physical activity;
- hemodialysis;
- treatment with anticonvulsants (valproic acid, phenytoin, benserazide), beta-blockers (atenolol, metoprolol, propranolol), taking drugs such as amiodarone (in euthyroid and hypothyroid patients), calcitonin, antipsychotics (derivatives of phenothiazine, ketiphenol) agents (motilium, metoclopramide), ferrous sulfate, furosemide, iodides, X-ray contrast agents, lovastatin, methimazole (mercazolil), morphine, diphenin (phenytoin), prednisone, rifampicin.
- toxic goiter;
- thyrotoxic adenoma;
- TSH-independent thyrotoxicosis;
- hyperthyroidism of pregnant women and postpartum necrosis of the pituitary gland;
- T3 toxicosis;
- latent thyrotoxicosis;
- transient thyrotoxicosis with autoimmune thyroiditis;
- thyrotoxicosis due to self-administration of T4;
- injury to the pituitary gland;
- psychological stress;
- starvation;
- taking drugs such as anabolic steroids, corticosteroids, cytostatics, beta-adrenomimetics (dobutamine, dopexamine), dopamine, amiodarone (hyperthyroid patients), thyroxine, triiodothyronine, carbamazepine, somatostatin and octreotide, nifediprolacine, drugs for the treatment of hyperprolax bromocriptine).
The work of the thyroid gland is interconnected with the functions of enzymes, cells, tissues, organs. The coordination of the activity of these complex physiological systems is carried out through hormones. Hormones are synthesized in special cells of the thyroid gland. Major thyroid hormones:
- thyroxine;
- triiodothyronine;
- calcitonin.
Thyroid hormones
The thyroid group includes thyroxine (T 4) and triiodothyronine (T 3). T 4 includes 4 iodine atoms in the molecule, the amino acid tyrosine and is a precursor of T 3. The transformation takes place in the tissues of the body. It integrates into nuclear structures and stimulates the formation of the most important enzymes involved in metabolism.
The balance of hormones is extremely important in childhood, as well as for women during pregnancy. Thyroid hormones regulate the development of all organ systems in a child. T 3 participates in:
- maintaining homeostasis;
- metabolism of proteins, fats, carbohydrates;
- the process of hematopoiesis;
- development and coordination of the work of bodies.
Deviation from the norm of T 3 and T 4 in the blood causes hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. There are metabolic diseases, disorders of homeostasis, pathologies of organs and their systems, and menstrual irregularities in women. The following factors can cause secretory thyroid insufficiency:
- violation of TSH synthesis;
- or excess iodine;
- thyroid pathology: various genesis, endemic goiter, diseases;
- radioactive damage;
- uncontrolled treatment with hormonal drugs;
- menopause in women, female diseases.
Women are more prone to thyroid gland secretion disorders. When thyrotoxicosis appears or, a specialist prescribes. The analysis allows you to determine the level of free and total T 3 and T 4. Total T 3 and T 4 are not associated with transport proteins and are the active form. The level of free forms is 0.03%. Analysis for total T 3 and T 4 shows the concentration of the hormone of all forms. Below are the norms for the content of various components and decipher them. Test results depend on the sex and age of the person.
T4 norm in women, men and children (Table 1)
| Female gender | ||||||
| T4 general | ||||||
| Age | nmol / l | μg / dl | ||||
| 16 years | 76,4 – 187,9 | 5,94 – 14,6 | ||||
| 5 - 10 years old | 76,9 – 176,3 | 5,98 – 13,7 | ||||
| 10 - 18 years old | 75,9 – 168,5 | 5,90 – 13,1 | ||||
| 20 - 39 years old | 76,0 – 164,7 | 5,91 – 12,8 | ||||
| From 40 years old | 63,3 – 155,7 | 4,92 – 12,1 | ||||
| Pregnancy | 94,2 – 200,7 | 7,32 – 15,6 | ||||
| T4 free | ||||||
| Age | pmol / l | ng / dl | ||||
| 5 - 14 years old | 7 – 16 | 0,5 – 1,2 | ||||
| 14 - 20 years old | 8 – 21 | 0,6 – 1,6 | ||||
| From 20 years old | 9 – 25 | 0,7 – 2,0 | ||||
| Pregnancy | 7 – 24 | 0,5 – 1,9 | ||||
| Gender: male | ||||||
| Age | Total T4, nmol / l | Free T4, nmol / l | ||||
| First month of life | 112 – 243 | 16 – 33 | ||||
| 6 months - 1 year | 92 –189 | 14 – 23 | ||||
| 15 years | 89 – 173 | 13 – 23 | ||||
| 5 - 10 years old | 71 – 145 | 12 – 22 | ||||
| 10 - 15 years old | 64 –149 | 12 – 22 | ||||
| 15 - 60 years old | 60 – 140 | 10 – 23 | ||||
| From 60 years old | 65 – 129 | 10 – 18 | ||||
T3 norm in women, men and children (Table 2)
| Female gender | ||||||
| Age | Total T3, nmol / l | Free T3, pmol / l | ||||
| 13 years old | 1,10 – 3,30 | 3,50 – 8,30 | ||||
| 4 - 6 years old | 2,30 – 4,00 | 4,60 – 9,80 | ||||
| 7 - 10 years old | 2,20 – 3,10 | 4,00 – 17,20 | ||||
| 11 - 16 years old | 2,00 – 3,10 | 3,40 – 6,00 | ||||
| 16 - 20 years old | 1,22 – 3,22 | 3,20 – 6,50 | ||||
| 20 - 50 years old | 1,07 – 3,13 | 3,10 – 6,80 | ||||
| From 50 years old | 0,61 – 2,78 | 2,60 – 5,70 | ||||
| Gender: male | ||||||
| Age | Total T3, nmol / l | Free T3, pmol / l | ||||
| 13 years old | 1,93 – 3,90 | 2,90 – 7,50 | ||||
| 4 - 6 years old | 1,80 – 3,60 | 2,50 – 9,20 | ||||
| 7 - 10 years old | 1,90 – 3,30 | 4,00 – 22,90 | ||||
| 11 - 16 years old | 2,20 – 3,40 | 3,50 – 7,70 | ||||
| 16 - 20 years old | 2,10 – 4,10 | 1,23 – 3,23 | ||||
| 20 - 50 years old | 1,80 – 4,20 | 1,08 – 3,14 | ||||
| From 50 years old | 1,80 – 4,10 | 0,62 – 2,79 | ||||
Testing shows that the rate of free hormones in children is higher. This is due to the active processes of growth and development of their body.
Calcitonin
- protein hormone of the thyroid gland. Produced in the C-cells of the gland. The hormone is associated with the exchange of calcium and phosphorus. The role of calcitonin is not yet fully understood. It is known to promote normal skeletal growth and development during childhood. Responsible for the restoration and renewal of bone tissue. Receptors for calcitonin are found in other organs: liver, lungs, kidneys, gonads. A particularly high level of calcitonin is observed in childhood and adolescence, which is associated with the formation of the musculoskeletal system and teeth.
Calcitonin levels change in pathological conditions such as thyroid tumors, osteoporosis.
The rate of calcitonin in women, men and children (Table 3)
A significant excess of the norm (up to 100 and above) may be a sign of a medullary tumor.
Thyrotropin
It is not a secret of the thyroid gland, but has a direct impact on its work. Hormones do not enter the vessels immediately after synthesis. They are reserved in the thyroid follicles as. Thyroglobulin (TG) is a protein chain, the links of which are represented by precursors. The release of hormones into the blood is regulated by thyrotropin (TSH). TSH is formed in the pituitary gland and is an element of the neurohumoral regulation of metabolism. The hypothalamus controls the activity of the pituitary gland. It analyzes the concentration of thyroid hormones in the blood and sends a signal to the pituitary gland. The activity of TSH production increases with a decrease in body temperature, stress, a drop in the level of T 3 and T 4 in the blood.
The TSH level depends on the gender and age of the patient. An analysis for TSH is prescribed for hypothyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, endemic goiter and other diseases of the gland. In Table 4 we give its norms and transcripts:
TSH norm in women, men and children (Table 4)
| Female gender | |
| Age | mMe / L |
| Newborn | 1,1 – 16,8 |
| 3 months - 5 years | 0,4 – 6,5 |
| 5 - 14 years old | 0,4 – 5,0 |
| 14 - 25 years old | 0,6 – 4,5 |
| 25 - 50 years old | 0,4 – 4,0 |
| Pregnancy | 0,1 – 3,0 |
| Gender: male | |
| Age | mMe / L |
| Newborn | 1,1 – 39,0 |
| 2 - 4 weeks of life | 1,7 – 9,1 |
| 1 - 2.5 months | 0,6 – 10 |
| 2.5 - 14 months | 0,4 – 7,0 |
| 14 months - 5 years | 0,4 – 6,0 |
| 5-15 years | 0,4 – 5,0 |
| 15 - 50 years old | 0,4 – 4,0 |
| From 50 years old | 0,5 – 8,9 |
The highest, then it gradually decreases.
Autoantibodies
With changes in thyroid secretion, an analysis is prescribed for the level. They are produced by lymphocytes, reacting to cells and body substances, such as thyroperoxidase (TPO), thyroglobulin (TG), TSH, etc., as to foreign elements and tend to destroy them. Testing is carried out according to the following indicators: antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (AT-TPO), (AT K R TSH), (AT-TG). Test results are important for diagnosis. The production of antibodies by lymphocytes is caused by diseases such as Hashimoto's goiter. Testing of autoimmune components is especially important for women during pregnancy.
The rate of autoantibodies (Table 5)
To identify the cause of the violation of thyroid secretion, not only the patient's blood test is used, but the method. Ultrasound allows you to explore the structure of the gland, its tissues, determine the size and presence of neoplasms. Any abnormalities in the structure of the thyroid gland can lead to hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism. On the basis of the diagnosis, the patient is assigned a comprehensive course. Treatment is aimed at eliminating the cause, or at reducing the impact of provoking factors.
For a better understanding of the effect of hormones on the human body, we recommend watching the film "Chemistry of our body. Hormones." (TV channel "Russia").
What does a blood test for TSH and free T4 show? These hormones are directly related to the functions of the thyroid gland. Their indicators change in case of gland dysfunction, therefore tests for the main hormones will help determine the problems of the thyroid gland and prescribe the correct treatment.
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is produced in the pituitary gland. Often, the determination of the TSH study is carried out together with the delivery of biomaterial for the hormonal substances of the thyroid gland.
The hormone TSH has stimulating effects. When thyroid hormones are lowered, TSH values \u200b\u200bincrease. And with an increase in the level of hormones, its indicators decrease and stabilize.
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If the level of thyroid-stimulating substance is within the normalized values, then the hormones T3 and T4 do not deviate from the correct parameters. But in some cases, the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone may have an increased value, although the hormones T3, T4 will be normal.
The time of day determines the quantitative changes: the minimum value will be in the period up to 18 hours, and the maximum - in 2-8. During pregnancy, TSH increases. The indicators of the norm in infants are 1.1-17 mU / l, by the year they decrease to 0.4-7, from 14 months to 14 years - 0.4-5, then they are kept within the range of 0.4-4.
If the blood taken for hormones showed an increase in their amount, then this process can occur due to such reasons: removal of an organ, for example, the gallbladder, lack of sensitivity to thyroid hormones, hemodialysis.
Analysis to determine the imbalance of the TSH is assigned:
- To track his fluctuations.
- With depression.
- When diagnosed with infertility.
- In the presence of a goiter.
- In violation of the heartbeat - arrhythmias.
- With developmental delay in children (sexual and mental).
- When determining latent hypothyroidism.
- Hair loss - baldness.
- In case of violation of menstruation (their absence).
- With deviations in muscle functionality.
- With a decrease in libido (impotence).
- At low body temperature of unknown origin.
- With an increased content of prolactin.
Indicators of thyroxine
Free T4 thyroxine is involved in the processes of protein metabolism, lowering the level of triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood, controlling the production of vitamin A, and normalizing the functioning of the central nervous and cardiovascular systems. His blood counts change per day. From 8 to 12 o'clock there is an increased concentration, and, conversely, from 23 to 3 in the morning, its level decreases markedly.
The increase in concentration is facilitated by the content of elevated bilirubin in the blood and obesity.
Research is assigned in the following cases:
- Examination of patients with thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism.
- Clarification of deviations from the norm.
- Tracking the development of diffuse toxic goiter.
- Installing the causes of goiter.
Normal in adults T4 free is considered to be 9-19 pmol / l. In general for men - 59-135 nmol / l, for women - 71-142.
An increase in thyroxine is observed:
- after the birth of a child;
- with toxic diffuse goiter;
- with the development of kidney or liver pathologies;
- when taking contraceptives, drugs, estrogens and heparin.
The reduced level is noted:
- in the presence of neoplasms in the thyroid gland;
- with different types of hypothyroidism;
- with a diet with low protein intake and a lack of iodine;
- after surgery;
- with a sharp weight loss;
- when in contact with heavy metals (lead);
- when taking anticonvulsant or anabolic steroid substances, oral contraceptives.
In addition, a high value of total T4 can be observed with the development of inflammatory or tumor processes of the thyroid gland, AIDS, and HIV infection.
The presence of low indicators indicates deviations in: hypothyroidism, a significant lack of iodine, the use of anti-tuberculosis, antitumor, hypolipidemic, anticonvulsant, antifungal, non-thyroid anti-inflammatory drugs.
Triiodothyronine index
The total hormone T3 has a lower concentration than that of T4, while its bioactivity is much higher. It regulates normal oxygen consumption by organs other than the brain, gonads, and spleen. It takes part in protein metabolism, in the production of heat, stimulates the liver to produce vitamin A, and stimulates the leaching of calcium from the bones.
The norm is: from 15-20 years old - 1.23-3.23 nmol / l, up to 50 years old - 1.08-3.14, over 50 - 0.62-2.79.
An increased value is noted in case of malfunction or tumors of the thyroid gland, after hemodialysis, after the birth of a child, with renal pathologies and liver diseases, thyrotoxic goiter, T3-toxicosis.
A decrease in total T3 is observed with secondary or primary hypothyroidism, certain types of mental disorders, the use of contrast X-ray agents and other non-thyroid drugs.
In men, the T3 value of free is slightly higher than in women - this difference is about 5 to 10%. When carrying a baby, the decrease in this indicator reaches a peak. The level is normalized within seven days. It is important that an increase in the hormone is observed in the autumn-winter season. Normal values \u200b\u200bare 3.2-7.2 nmol / L.
Analyzes, including the study of the free T3 hormone, are prescribed if it is necessary to make an accurate diagnosis or if an increased release of T3 is suspected.
How to prepare for the study
- Tests for thyroid hormones are done in the morning on an empty stomach.
- For several days (2-4), iodine-containing preparations should not be consumed.
- Avoid stressful situations.
- Minimize physical activity.
It is undesirable to carry out this analysis for a person with pneumonia or who is in the postoperative period due to the possible unreliability of the data.
Healing activities
An essential factor is that deviations in the hormones TSH, T3, and T4 can lead to consequences in the form of worsening mental health or dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract. These thyroid hormones will affect not only the work of individual organs and systems, but also the entire body as a whole.
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If the thyroid hormones TSH are elevated, then the main treatment is carried out with the drug Thyroxin. With a reduced rate, radioiodine therapy is used, and in very severe cases, surgical intervention.
It is important to monitor the hormonal level during pregnancy, as this is accompanied by changes in all systems and organs of the woman. Especially in the first 3 months, when the baby's organs are laid and any fluctuation can provoke the development of fetal pathologies in utero.
