When not or neither. Spelling no and no

Often, when writing, people encounter certain spelling problems that can put a person into a creative stupor. For example, many people do not know when to write “not” and when to write “neither”. Often people get confused. The use of particles “not” and “ni” with different parts of speech is carried out according to clear rules. Knowing them will allow you to cope with the correct spelling of words in the text.

Total particle value

So, more details. Each of the particles is endowed with its own meaning, which plays a key role in the direct placement of word forms in a certain position. In order to understand when “neither” is written and when “not”, you need to familiarize yourself with the general appearance of the corresponding rule.

The use of particles is not	Using particles neither
Expression of basic negation: We Not let's go on a trip.	Giving the effect of enhanced negation: I didn’t see neither stars.
Usage in the form of stable elements: This student not at all fool!	Use as stable phrases: His clothes - neither caftan nor cassock.
In negative or interrogative sentences (quite often “not” goes side by side with the particle “only”): What am I only Not got up to it on the eve of the summer holidays!	Negation in a sentence that lacks a subject: In an abandoned castle neither souls.
	Use as a repeating element (particle) Young grandchildren Not could Notthink about the well-being of your grandmother.

Spelling particles for nouns and adjectives

Let's look at combinations with specific parts of speech. In the first case, the use of the particles “not” and “nor” is subject to a rule that has a slight aspect that relates to both the adjective and the noun. What does it mean?

If a synonym can be found for a certain word that does not have the prefix “not-,” then it is written together in both cases:

My friends saw a small (=small, compact) house on the lawn;

There is no need to tell me lies (=lies, deception).

And if after the corresponding word there is a contrast in the form of “conjunction “a” + antonym”, it is necessary to write “not” separately:

This stone road is not wide, and narrow;

I don't consider him a friend and the enemy.

Also, “not” is written separately from the adjective in the following cases:

• designation of any color or taste: he did not draw scarlet sails;
• comparative degree: but I am no lower than my brother.

Spelling particles for verbs and gerunds

Since participles are a special form of the verb, both parts of speech have a common basis in the form of a single rule. Almost always, the listed elements of the Russian language are separated from “not”:

Without thinking about his future, he rarely attached importance to education;

The snow-white horse did not dare to jump over the fence.

Spelling particles for participles

When faced with these parts of speech, people often think about when to write “not” and when to write “neither”, which entails a number of small problems. In fact, the situation is not complicated at all, you just need to pay close attention to some aspects.

Continuous writing	Separate writing
Absence of dependent words with the full form of the participle: I still have it in my pocket Not wasted money.	The presence of dependent words in the full participle: Not solved excellent student task
The role of dependent words in the full participle is played by adverbs of degree or measure: this is absolutely Not appropriate place	When the opposition is placed, which is expressed using the conjunction “a”: in the flowerbed one could see Not blossoming, and fading roses
	The participle is characterized by a short form: ours with some more requests Not sent

Spelling particles for pronouns

If there is a preposition between 2 elements of a pronoun, then this combination will be expressed as three separate words. For example:

My father has no one to borrow a small amount of money from;

In the first lesson we had nothing to talk about.

The greatest number of questions arise when using “not” and “neither” as prefixes. In fact, everything is very simple:

There is also another rule that allows you to clarify when you write “not” and when “neither” when encountering certain constructions. Here it is:

Spelling particles for adverbs

Any negative adverb will be written together with the elements “not” or “nor”. For example:

I don’t regret the action I took at all;

My friend doesn’t need to bring a cheat sheet with him: he already knows all the answers.

But the particle is separated from the main word in some cases. If:

1. an adverb should be written with a hyphen: you are not behaving like a Christian;
2. next to it is an intensifying adverb: we do not Very we want to go to school;
3. adverb does not end with the letters -e or -o: I don’t always draw colorful pictures.

A significant part of the considered uninflected parts of speech ending in -o or -e are subject to rules that have their own special characteristic. Here they are:

Spelling particles with conjunctions and prepositions

In the Russian language, in addition to independent parts of speech, there are also service parts, which are a kind of “sticky” segments, thanks to which sentences acquire a coherent and logically complete appearance. These small elements can also be located next to the “not” and “nor” particles. The rules governing such situations are quite clear with a brief explanation of the essence:

• “not” is always separated from coordinating conjunctions, but lends itself to merging in the area of ​​the compound conjunction that” (= although);
• “not” is written separately with all non-derivative prepositions, but together - with “despite” or “despite” (= in spite of);
• “not” is part of only one particle “really”; in other cases the negative particle is written separately.

The particle is not used much less frequently in comparison with the negative particle, but there are many difficulties associated with distinguishing these particular particles in the Russian language. Sometimes it can be difficult to immediately determine what is correct to write in a particular sentence - neither or not. But, in principle, everything is not so difficult. How to distinguish not from neither will be discussed in this article.

We don't write

The choice between neither and not often depends on the meaning of the phrase. It should be remembered that it does not deny, but does not strengthen. Let's think and look at simple examples. First let's look at negation with not:

• I didn’t come alone (but with a friend).
• I came more than once (but three times).

Negation can also be expressed using conjunctions if not, then; not this, not that; not that not; not only but. In these constructions only not is used. The following words are not used: barely, only, yet.

Let's talk about double negation. It has the opposite meaning. For example, “I couldn’t help but look,” which means I looked, or “I couldn’t help but take it,” which means I took it. In these cases we only use no.

We write neither

Now let's look at the gain that ni gives. It will look like this:

• Not a single one came (that is, no one at all).
• Not a soul at home (that is, no one at all).

Now about stable forms with neither. They refer to the so-called “transparent” cases of using neither:

• Neither light nor dawn, neither give nor take, neither for no reason, neither day nor night, neither alive nor dead, neither stand nor sit (no need to separate with a comma).
• By all means, no matter what, for no reason at all.
• Use neither in pairs: neither nor. In these cases, the negative particle can either be simply omitted or replaced with: “People received neither bread nor circuses.” (People did not receive bread and circuses. People did not receive bread and circuses).
• You can often hear the question of how to write correctly: strangely enough or strangely enough. It's spelled strangely enough. This is a stable combination (phraseologism) that is used as a conjunction.
• It is not found in similar constructions: no matter what, no matter where, no matter how much.
• You also need to figure out how to spell it correctly: how not or how not. You need to write no matter what. This is again a phraseological unit used as a conjunction.
• The same answer can be given to the following question: how should one write: no matter how or no matter how. Whatever - this is also a phraseological unit, it is written exactly like that.

How to write not or neither

• Let's look at two similar examples and think about how to write not and neither. Examples: “Where have I been!” and “And wherever I have been, everywhere is good.” Why do we write no in the first case, and neither in the second? In a simple interrogative or exclamatory sentence you should write not, but in a subordinate clause you should write neither. In this case, the correctness of the choice between neither and is not easily verified. If you remove a particle and the meaning of the sentence is not lost, then it is written neither, but if the meaning changes, then not.
• There are cases when the choice between neither and does not depend on stress. For example, no one and no one, that is, the correct spelling again depends on the meaning. But in this case there are exceptions. For example, it is difficult to decide on the spelling of the adverb not a little, not a lot. For example: “I wasn’t at all scared” and “a lot of water has flown under the bridge.” In this case, you can apply the rule that was used above. Remove the particles and determine what happened to the meaning. But you can use a simpler option: not at all - that is, at all, a lot - that is, a lot. The first strengthens, the second denies.

So, if you remember that the choice of the correct spelling of particles is neither and nor depends on the meaning, and that which neither denies nor enhances, then you will never again ask the question of how to distinguish not from neither.

Spelling NOT and NOR.

Spelling is not and neither with different parts of speech.

The rule is divided into two parts:

continuous or separate writing NOT with all parts of speech;

difference between NOT and NOR

Rule.

Integrated and separate writing NOT (the picture can be enlarged by clicking on it)

Distinguish!

Depending on conditions

Part of speech	Together	Apart
nouns, adjectives	= synonym without non-: insincerity = hypocrisy, unpopular = little known	Opposition (union A or antonym), it is impossible to find a synonym: not caution, but cowardice not a mathematician
adverbs	1. Adverbs ending in –O, -E = synonym without non-: not difficult to do (=easy) 2. in negative adverbs: nowhere, nowhere, nowhere, no need 3. No wonder = not in vain	1. Adverbs ending in –O, -E, if there is a conjunction a, antonym: lives not close, but far 2. Adverbs not ending in –O, -E: at a wrong time 3. Not for nothing = not free
pronouns	Negative and uncertain NOT/NOR + who, what, which, which, whose, how many, which	1. Others: not yours, not me, not everyone 2. Negative and indefinite, if there is a preposition between them: no one, no need
participles	Without dependent words: unwritten letter In combination with adverbs of measure and degree: absolutely unfinished task	With dependent words: a letter he didn't write
participles and adjectives with suffixes	Without dependent words in the instrumental case (by whom? with what?): least favorite dishes	With dependent words in the instrumental case: our least favorite dishes
Despite/despite	= contrary to: despite his illness, he went for a walk	Literally from the verbs “to look; look": walked without looking at his feet

Difference between NOT and NOR

In a simple sentence

NOT	NI
like denial	like strengthening negation, negation
1. With a verb, participle and gerund: I don't want milk, a nation that doesn't read books	1. For other parts of speech: I don't want milk or tea
	2. In sentences where there is no predicate: Don `t move!
	3. In phraseological units: neither two nor one and a half neither alive nor dead no end no end neither fish nor fowl out of the blue neither this nor that
as a statement
2. In a compound verbal predicate when repeating NOT... NOT = statement: I can't help but come in
3. In interrogative and exclamatory sentences with a general meaning: Who haven't I met!

In a complex sentence, with the words where, where, how, when, what, who, how many NOT/NOR:

Parsing algorithm.

1. Identify the part of speech.

2. See if there are words in the sentence that are NOT always written separately.

3. Pay attention to whether there is a prefix NEDO- or a combination NOT DO-.

4. Regarding parts of speech, remember the rule.

Analysis of the task.

In which sentence is NOT written SEPARATELY with the word?

1) He lacks experience and (doesn’t) have enough patience.

2) Our country is (in)dependent.

3) Somehow they immediately (dis)loved him.

4) We stopped at a site that was not at all suitable for construction.

Option #1.

(Not) enough– verb with NOT (TO)-. Removing NOT-: he has enough patience. You can’t say that, it means it can’t be used without NOT. Write together!

Option #2.

(NOT)dependent – This is a short participle with the suffix –IM. There is no dependent word in the instrumental case in the sentence, which means we are NOT writing together.

Option #3.

(Not) fell in love– without NOT not used. Write together.

Teacher's comments on the material being studied

Possible difficulties	Good advice
It is difficult to remember all the cases in which NOT or NI are written according to tradition.	Refer to Appendix 1 and fill in the gaps in the words where necessary.
When should you write NOT, and when NOT in cases like n... believed n... in what, n... spilled n... crumbs?	The meaning of such expressions consists of two components: denial of something (didn’t believe, didn’t scatter) and strengthening of this denial (not in anything, not a crumb). Accordingly, negation is formalized with the help of the particle NOT, and its strengthening - with the help of NI. This case should not be confused with the double negation of the type could not help but remain (that is, remained). The particle NOT is written here twice.
It can be difficult to distinguish between the spellings NOT and NI in the following cases: Who did he complain to! To whom did he complain, no one wanted to help.	In the first case, we have an exclamatory sentence with a general meaning (in such sentences the word is often found only). Its affirmative meaning can be interpreted through the question: “Is there anyone left to whom he has not complained?” This question is rhetorical in nature (it does not require an answer). In such sentences you should write NOT. In the second case, we have a complex sentence in which the subordinate part has a concessional meaning (no one wanted to help, although he complained to everyone). In the subordinate clause with a concessional meaning, you should write NI.
You can make a mistake in writing the following combinations: None other than... Nothing other than...	In these cases, you should write the particle NOT.

Use of particles NOT and NOR

NOT is a negative particle. It attaches a negative meaning to the member of the sentence before which it stands (has been more than once).

NI is a particle that can have several meanings: to express negation, and to express strengthening, and to express affirmation.

Studying this spelling requires special attention.

He already asked for nothing. Whoever I asked, everyone just shrugged. N.. trees in the steppe. Where has he ever been?

Typical cases in which the particle NOT is used	Typical cases in which the NI particle is used
The particle does NOT give a negative meaning to the member of the sentence behind it: not for the first time; wrong city. The particle is NOT used in exclamatory and interrogative sentences (often with the word only): Who hasn't been here yet? Who hasn't stayed here!	The particle NI is used to enhance negation when there is a word with a negating meaning in the sentence: doesn't know a word. This case should not be confused with double negation like " couldn't help but stay».
	The particle NI is used when the predicate NO is missing, expressing negation: Not a cloud around. (Wed: There's not a cloud around).
	The particle NI is used to express a statement in the subordinate part of a complex sentence after the words who, what, how, where and so on.: No matter how hard you try, nothing will work.

He didn't ask for anything anymore. (The particle does NOT give a negative meaning to the verb behind it.)

Whoever I asked, everyone just shrugged their shoulders. (The particle NI in the subordinate part of a complex sentence expresses a statement (= asked everyone).)

NO trees in the steppe. The particle NI stands when the predicate NO is missing. ( There is not a tree in the steppe.)

Where has he never been? (The particle is NOT used in an exclamatory sentence with the word ONLY.)

NOT or NOR in pronouns

N..who will not come; n..who was to blame; n.. who to ask; n.. did not depend on anyone.

Nobody will come. There was no one to blame. There is no one to ask. Didn't depend on anyone.

1. Particle Not used for negation, for example: I didn't say this. I didn't talk about this. That's not what I was talking about.
2. It is necessary to pay attention to individual cases of using this particle:
1. In the presence of a negative particle Not in both the first and second parts of the compound verbal predicate, the sentence receives an affirmative meaning, for example: I can't help but mention...(i.e. must mention), I can't help but admit...(i.e. you need to confess).
2. In interrogative and exclamatory sentences the particle Not adjoins pronouns, adverbs and particles, forming combinations with them: how not, who doesn't, who else, where not, wherever, what not, what not, what not and so on.; here are interrogative sentences with the combination Not - whether, For example:

   Well, how can you not please your loved one!(Griboyedov).

   Who hasn’t cursed the stationmasters, who hasn’t sworn at them?(Pushkin).

   Why aren't you great?(Pushkin).

   Where has he been? What has he not seen! Why not work! Searched the light; don't you want to get married?(Griboyedov).

   Would you like some hay?(Krylov).

3. In conjunction with the union Bye particle Not used in subordinate clauses of time, denoting the limit until which the action expressed by the predicate of the main sentence lasts, for example: Sit here until I come;
4. Particle Not is part of stable combinations: almost, almost, hardly not, indicating the assumption, not far, not at all, not at all, not at all, not at all, denoting reinforced negation, for example: probably the best shooter, almost five o'clock in the morning, not a fair decision at all, not a bad product at all, far from being a reliable remedy;
5. Particle Not is part of the coordinating conjunctions: not that; not that - not that; not only - but; not that not - but; not that not - but, For example:

   Give me the ring and go; otherwise I'll do something to you that you don't expect(Pushkin).

   Up above, behind the ceiling, someone is either moaning or laughing.(Chekhov).

   The partisans had more than just rifles, but also machine guns(Stavsky).

3. Particle neither used to strengthen negation, for example:

   I couldn't profit from a bone anywhere(Krylov).

   There was not a single clearing in the sky behind(Fadeev).

   Metelitsa never even looked at those asking(Fadeev).

   There is not a soul in the village now: everyone is in the field(Fadeev).

Repeating particle neither takes on the meaning of a conjunction, for example:

There was no water or trees anywhere to be seen(Chekhov).

Neither muses, nor labors, nor the joys of leisure - nothing can replace your only friend(Pushkin).

But the crowds flee, not noticing either him or his melancholy(Chekhov).

I don't know who you are, who he is(Turgenev).

It is necessary to pay attention to individual cases of using the particle neither:

1. a) Particle neither used before the predicate in subordinate clauses to enhance the affirmative meaning, for example:

   Obey him in everything he commands.(Pushkin).

   No matter how hard we tried, he could not distinguish iambic from trochee.(Pushkin).

   Everywhere I look, there is thick rye(Maikov).

   Whoever passes, everyone will praise(Pushkin).

Particle neither in subordinate clauses of the indicated type adjoins a relative word or a conjunction, and therefore subordinate clauses begin with combinations: whoever, whoever, whatever, whatever, no matter how, howsoever, no matter how much, no matter how much, anywhere, wherever, anywhere, wherever, whatever, Whichever, no one's, no matter whose, whenever, whenever and so on.

These combinations have entered some stable circulation: no matter what, out of nowhere, through thick and thin and so on.

2. b) Particle neither occurs in stable combinations that have the meaning of a categorical command, for example: Don `t move, not a step further, not a word and so on.
3. c) Particle neither is part of negative pronouns: nobody, no one (no one) etc.; nothing, Nothing (no matter what) etc.; no, no (no one) etc.; nobody's, nobody's (no one's) etc. and adverbs: never, nowhere, nowhere, out of nowhere, no way, not at all, never mind, not at all, as well as into the particle composition someday.

It is written neither in stable combinations that include pronouns, for example: left with nothing, left with nothing, disappeared for nothing.

4. d) Double neither is included in stable expressions, which are a combination of two opposed concepts, for example: neither alive nor dead; neither this nor that; neither fish nor fowl; neither give nor take; neither peahen nor crow and so on.