DIY Chizhevsky chandelier

Introduction

All human life is inextricably linked with atmospheric air. Moreover, for normal life activity it must satisfy many parameters. Temperature, humidity, pressure, percentage of carbon dioxide, degree of pollution and so on.
If they deviate from the norm, a person’s ability to work, well-being and overall health may deteriorate...

We all know that after a thunderstorm the air becomes very “fresh” - unusually clean and light.
The whole point here is that during thunderstorms the air is abundantly saturated negatively charged oxygen molecules - air ions.
For the first time, a Russian scientist began to study the influence of negative air ions on the human body Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky in the 20s of the last century (by the way, it was he who called them that...) and found out that they are the ones who have a positive effect on well-being and even more than that: they also have some healing properties.

Prototype of the first Chizhevsky chandeliers appeared back in the 20s of the XX century. It was something like an ordinary chandelier suspended from the ceiling, but emitting not light but negatively charged oxygen ions. The principle of operation of the device was based on the creation of a high-tension field using parallel conductors under high voltage (20...30 kV).
In this high-voltage field, the formation of negatively charged oxygen ions occurred.
This device looked something like this:

Well, in general, everyone has already guessed that we are talking about an ordinary ionizer, which we propose to repeat with our own hands.
By the way: it would be extremely interesting for all of us to look at the finished product and we would be very grateful if those who assembled Chizhevsky’s chandelier would share with us all

Ionizer for Chizhevsky chandelier

The efficiency of the air ionizer largely depends on the design of the “chandelier”. Therefore, special attention should be paid to its manufacture.

The basis of the “chandelier” is a light metal rim (for example, a standard gymnastic ring “hula hoop”) with a diameter of 750... 1000 mm, on which bare or tinned copper wires with a diameter of 0 are stretched along mutually perpendicular axes with a pitch of 35...45 mm ,6...1.0 mm. They form part of the sphere - a mesh that sags downwards. Needles no more than 50 mm long and 0.25...0.5 mm thick are soldered into the mesh nodes. It is desirable that they be sharpened as much as possible, since the current coming from the tip increases, and the possibility of the formation of a harmful by-product - ozone - decreases. It is convenient to use pins with a ring, which are usually sold in office supply stores.

Three copper wires with a diameter of 0.8...1 mm are attached to the rim of the “chandelier” at 120° intervals, which are soldered together above the center of the rim. High voltage is applied to this point. At the same point, the “chandelier” is attached using a fishing line with a diameter of 0.5...0.8 mm to the ceiling or bracket at a distance of at least 150 mm.

A voltage converter is needed to obtain a high voltage of negative polarity that powers the “chandelier”. The absolute value of the voltage must be at least 25 kV. Only at such a voltage is sufficient “survivability” of air ions ensured, allowing them to penetrate into the human lungs.

For a room such as a classroom or school gym, the optimal voltage is 40...50 kV. It is not difficult to obtain this or that voltage by increasing the number of multiplying cascades, but you should not get too carried away with high voltage, since there is a danger of a corona discharge, accompanied by the smell of ozone and a sharp decrease in the efficiency of the installation.

Chizhevsky chandelier diagram

The circuit of the simplest voltage converter is shown in Fig. 2, a. Its special feature is direct power supply from the network.

The principle of operation of the Chizhevsky chandelier circuit

This is how the device works. During the positive half-cycle of the mains voltage, capacitor C1 is charged through resistor R1, diode VD1 and the primary winding of transformer T1. The thyristor VS1 is closed in this case, since there is no current through its control electrode (the voltage drop across the diode VD2 in the forward direction is small compared to the voltage required to open the thyristor).

During a negative half-cycle, diodes VD1 and VD2 close. A voltage drop is formed at the cathode of the trinistor relative to the control electrode (minus - at the cathode, plus - at the control electrode), a current appears in the control electrode circuit and the trinistor opens. At this moment, capacitor C1 is discharged through the primary winding of the transformer. A high voltage pulse appears in the secondary winding (step-up transformer). And so - every period of mains voltage.

High voltage pulses (they are double-sided, since when the capacitor is discharged, damped oscillations occur in the primary winding circuit) are rectified by a rectifier assembled using diodes VD3-VD6. The constant voltage from the output of the rectifier is supplied (through limiting resistor R3) to the ionizer-“chandelier”.

Resistor R1 can be made up of three parallel-connected MLT-2 with a resistance of 3 kOhm, and R3 - from three or four series-connected MLT-2 with a total resistance of 10...20 MOhm. Resistor R2 - MLT-2. Diodes VD1 and VD2 - any others for a current of at least 300 mA and a reverse voltage of at least 400 V (VD1) and 100 V (VD2). Diodes VD3-VD6 can be, in addition to those indicated in the diagram, KTs201G-KTs201E. Capacitor C1 - MBM for a voltage not lower than 250 V, C2-C5 - POV for a voltage not lower than 10 kV (C2 - not lower than 15 kV). Of course, other high-voltage capacitors for voltages of 15 kV or more are also applicable. SCR VS1 - KU201K, KU201L, KU202K-KU202N. Transformer T1 is a B2B ignition coil (6 V) from a motorcycle, but you can use another one, for example from a car.

Install the “chandelier” at a distance of at least 800 mm from the ceiling, walls, lighting fixtures and 1200 mm from the location of people in the room.

There is no need to configure the device; if assembled correctly, it starts working immediately.
It is only advisable to pay attention to the following:
1. Volume of the room. If the size of the room exceeds 20 sq.m, then it is advisable to increase the voltage at the output of the multiplier by adding another bridge of a diode and a capacitor (picture “b” in Fig. 2).
2. It is not advisable to install the ionizer near electronic devices and metal structures. The ionizer can cause the accumulation of static electricity, which is fraught with consequences.
3. It is recommended to turn on the Chizhevsky chandelier for no more than 30 minutes (for residential premises).
Sources:
1. Ivanov B. “Chizhevsky’s chandelier” - with your own hands. - Radio, 1997, N 1, p. 36, 37.
2.Ivanov B. S. Electronics in homemade products. - M.: DOSAAF, 1975 (2nd ed. - DOSAAF, 1981).

It is well known that the air in our residential and industrial premises differs from the natural air environment. But not only pollution. Measurements have shown that if the air of forests and meadows contains from 700 to 1500 negative aerons per cubic centimeter (sometimes up to 5000 ions / cm 3), then in residential premises their concentration sometimes decreases to 25 ions / cm 3. What, how It turns out that it is not at all indifferent to human health - a number of our ailments are associated precisely with this deficiency. In the 1920s, Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky (1897-1964) drew attention to the importance of the air ion composition, who also proposed a method for its normalization. The author of this work, Boris Sergeevich Ivanov, has been introducing aeroion technology into our everyday life for many years. We introduce the reader to the “Chizhevsky chandelier” of his design. The main components of the air ionizer are an electroeffluvial “chandelier” and a voltage converter. The name “chandelier” reflects the process of formation of air ions (effluvium - outflow): electrons flow from the pointed parts of the chandelier at high speed due to high voltage. By “sticking” to oxygen molecules, they move away from the place of their formation, thereby influencing the aeroionic composition of the air environment of the entire room. The efficiency of the air ionizer depends on the design of the “chandelier” and the dimensions of certain of its parts. Of course, it is possible to make it “better”, but it is unlikely that it will be possible to evaluate the result - the aeroionic composition of the emitted substance, its energy. The basis of the “chandelier” is a light metal rim (for example, an ordinary gymnastic ring “hula hoop”) with a diameter of 750...1000 mm, on which bare or tinned copper wires with a diameter of 0.6 are pulled mutually perpendicular with a step of 35...45 mm ... 1.0 mm. This checkered mesh, sagging, forms part of a spherical surface (see Fig. 139). Needles no more than 50 mm long and 0.25...0.5 mm thick, for example, pins with a ring at the end, are soldered to the mesh nodes. The sharply sharpened tip of the needle increases the operating current of the “chandelier” and reduces the release of ozone and nitrogen oxides that are undesirable here. At an angle of 120°, three copper wires with a diameter of 0.8...1.0 mm are attached to the rim of the chandelier, which are soldered together above the center of the rim. High voltage will be supplied to this point; it, connected through an insulator to the ceiling or a special bracket, will also be the suspension point of the “chandelier”. As a suspension-insulator, you can take a fishing line with a diameter of 0.5...0.8 mm. Its length must be at least 150 mm. A power source with a voltage of at least 25 kV is connected to the “chandelier”. Only at such a voltage is sufficient “survivability” of air ions ensured and their ability to penetrate into the human lungs is preserved. For large premises, for example, gyms, the voltage on the “chandelier” can reach 40...50 kV (a prerequisite is the absence of a corona discharge, which is easy to detect by the smell of ozone).

During the positive half-cycle of the mains voltage, capacitor C 1 is charged through resistor R 1, diode VD 1 and the primary winding of transformer T 1. Thyristor VS 1 is closed, since there is no current through its control electrode (voltage drop across diode VD 2 in this mode small compared to the opening voltage of the thyristor).

During a negative half-cycle, the diodes VD1 and VD2 close and a voltage sufficient to open it arises between the cathode and the control electrode of the thyristor. This leads to the fact that capacitor C1 is discharged through the primary winding of transformer T1 and a “pack” of bipolar pulses, rapidly decreasing in amplitude, appears on its step-up winding (the oscillatory process is due to low losses). This process is repeated in each period of the mains voltage. The voltage multiplier - diodes VD3-VD6, capacitors C2-C5 - is made here according to the classical scheme. Resistor R1 can be composed of three parallel-connected MLT-2 3 kOhm resistors, and R3 - of three or four series-connected MLT-2 resistors with a total resistance of 10...20 MOhm*. Resistor R2 - MLT-2. Diodes VD1, VD2 can be different - with a current of at least 300 mA and a reverse voltage of at least 400 V (VD1) and 100 V (VD2). Diodes VD3-VD6 can be replaced with KTs201G(D, E). Capacitor C1-type MBM for a voltage of 250 V, SZ-S5-POV for a voltage of at least 10 kV, S2-POV for a voltage of at least 15 kV. Thyristor VS1 - KU201K(L), KU202K(N). Transformer T1 - ignition coil B2B (6 V) from a motorcycle. The air ionizer is mounted as is customary in high-voltage devices - on insulators with good surfaces, with sufficiently large distances between the poles, smooth soldering and so on.

The aerial ionizer does not require adjustment. You can change the voltage at its output by selecting resistor R1 or capacitor C1. The simplest indicator of the normal operation of an aeroionizer is cotton wool: a small piece of it should be attracted to the “chandelier” from a distance of 50...60 cm. To check the voltage on the “chandelier”, you can, of course, use an electrostatic voltmeter. In household “chandeliers” it is recommended to set the voltage within 30...35 kV. When the air ionizer is operating, there should be no foreign odors (signs of the appearance of ozone and nitrogen oxides), this was especially stipulated by Chizhevsky.

About safety precautions. Although the current generated by accidentally touching the “chandelier” is very small and does not in itself pose a danger, such a discharge, of course, will not bring much pleasure. And falling from a height after being hit can have very real consequences. Therefore, when doing any work with the “chandelier”, it is necessary not only to disconnect it from the network (both wires), but, by closing the high-voltage output of the converter to the common wire, to discharge all capacitors. The author recommends “taking ions” as follows: distance from the “chandelier” -1 ... 1.5 m, time 30 ... 50 minutes. And so - every day, better - before bed.

When the “chandelier” is closed, the full output voltage of the converter will be applied to resistor R3 and its constituent resistors can be broken (the maximum permissible voltage for the MLT-2 resistor is 750 V). Here a high-voltage resistor would be preferable - for example, KEV-5.

Hello to all fans of electronic homemade products. It’s time to tell you about another homemade product. And today we will talk about the so-called Chizhevsky chandelier.

Recently, there has been a lot of controversy about the benefits and harms of Chizhevsky’s chandelier. It helps some, harms others, and others are indifferent to its effects. To find out who is right and who is wrong, you need to consider each specific case separately. I won’t go into this in this article, but next time.

It has long been proven that negative air ions have a good effect on the entire human body, while positively charged ions depress the body. Measurements were made in forest plantations, which showed that the concentration of air ions can reach, in densely populated thickets, up to 15,000 per cubic centimeter. While in a residential apartment the number of air ions in one cubic centimeter can drop to 25. From all of the above, we can conclude that it is necessary to increase the number of negatively charged ions. To do this, we will need a Chizhevsky chandelier, which we will make with our own hands. Almost 100 years ago, Professor Chizhevsky developed a method of air ionization. He proved that it is negatively charged particles that have a beneficial effect on humans.

DIY Chizhevsky chandelier, diagram and description

Chizhevsky's chandelier consists of two parts. This is the chandelier itself, as it is also called an electroeffluvial chandelier. And a high-voltage converter unit, at the output of which we should get from 25-30 kilovolts.

To make a high-voltage voltage converter, I used the simplest Chizhevsky chandelier circuit. It does not contain transistors or any scarce radio components. The circuit uses a minimum of radio components:

This scheme has become widespread. As a high voltage source, a voltage multiplier is used here, built on 6 high-voltage diodes VD3-VD8, and 6 capacitors C3-C8. Power to the multiplier is supplied from the high-voltage coil Tr1. The mains voltage has two half-waves. One half-wave charges capacitor C1, and the other half-wave opens thyristor VS1. Capacitor C1 is discharged through thyristor VS1 to the primary winding of transformer Tr1. A high-voltage pulse occurs in the transformer, the voltage of which is increased by a multiplier to a voltage of 30 kilovolts.

Device details:

• High-voltage coil B51, or similar
• Thyristor KU202N
• Diode D202K - 2 pieces
• Resistors 33 kilo-ohms, 1 mega-ohm 2 watts
• Resistor 1 kilo-ohm, 7 W
• Capacitor 1 microfarad 400 volts
• Capacitors 390 picofarads, 16 kilovolts -6 pieces
• High voltage diodes, 6 pieces

Now let's take a closer look at the main voltage converter board and the voltage multiplier board. All the main radio components of the device are mounted on the converter dress:

High-voltage coil from a motorcycle, B51-12v. It can be replaced with any other vehicle. You can also use a horizontal scan transformer TVS-110L6 or similar:

Nowadays, it is much more affordable to buy a high-voltage coil from a moped or scooter, for example this one:

It is advisable to use capacitor C1 for voltages below 400 volts, but in my case a capacitor for voltages of 300 volts is used, so far it works flawlessly:

Seven-watt resistor R1, rated 1 kilo-ohm, taken from a tube TV. If you do not have such a resistor, then you can connect several two-watt resistors in parallel, so that you end up with a nominal value of one kilo-ohm:

The remaining radio components are located nearby and are connected by surface mounting:

A correctly assembled voltage converter for a Chizhevsky chandelier should start working immediately. Before the first start-up, the high-voltage wire of the reel should be placed near the common wire at a short distance, approximately 5 mm. If you do not maintain this distance, but make it much larger, say 3-4 cm, then a breakdown of the high-voltage coil inside the bobbin itself may occur. After this, we supply power to the entire circuit, observing safety rules. If the circuit does not start, you should select thyristor VS1. Since thyristors, even from the same batch, have a wide variation in their characteristics, special attention should be paid to the selection of a thyristor.

Attention! Be careful. This high-voltage converter does not have galvanic isolation from the network. Almost all radio components are under mains voltage. To somehow protect yourself, try to apply the phase to the resistor R1, and the zero to the common wire.

To power the chandelier, a voltage of 25 kilovolts to 30 kilovolts is required, and if used in rooms with high ceilings, the voltage must be raised to 50 kilovolts. To provide such a voltage, a multiplier consisting of at least 6 diodes and 6 capacitors is required. Only in this case can you obtain the required voltage. In this regard, it immediately comes to mind to use a high-voltage multiplier, which is used in CRT-type TVs. I also thought for a long time about how to adapt it to Chizhevsky’s chandelier. But, unfortunately, plus voltage is supplied to the aquadag of the kinescope. And in order for us to get negative air ions, we need to apply negative high voltage to the chandelier. And since all high-voltage diodes and capacitors are filled with the same compound, the polarity cannot be changed. So I took some voltage multipliers from the TV and, using light hammer blows, tried to break them and remove the capacitors and diodes. To some extent I succeeded. Where the pins were torn off at the root, we had to solder them. Some fragments of the compound had to be sanded down. As donors I used the following voltage multipliers UN 8.5/25-1.2-A:

As a result, I got this multiplier. A piece of plexiglass was taken as a basis and high-voltage diodes and capacitors were secured using wire clamps:

In order not to make a mistake with the polarity of high-voltage diodes, and to connect them correctly according to the circuit, you need to know in which direction each high-voltage diode conducts current. Unfortunately, it will not be possible to check this with a multimeter, since each diode consists of a large number of washers, single diodes, the internal resistance of each diode is very high and the multimeter will show infinity. To get out of this situation you need to use a megohmmeter. But first, using a conventional diode, you need to determine which terminals of the megohmmeter are positive and which are negative. Then ring each high-voltage diode and mark it with a plus or minus. After this, it will not be difficult to connect capacitors and diodes into one circuit so that we get a high voltage:

Of course, to avoid all this hemorrhoids, you can use normal high-voltage diodes like KTs201G-KTs201E or D1008. But, unfortunately, in my outback it is simply impossible to find them, and in Soviet times it was simply impossible to order via the Internet. Therefore, I decided to use this extraordinary method of obtaining high-voltage diodes and capacitors.

Both assembled boards must be placed in some kind of housing. In this case, a condition must be met - the high-voltage voltage multiplier should be placed at a certain distance from the converter itself. Especially the area of ​​diode VD8 and capacitor C6, since in this place there will be the highest voltage, and an unauthorized breakdown may occur.

DIY Chizhevsky chandelier

The time has come to talk about making the chandelier itself for the ionizer. To effectively ionize air, you need to use pointed needles, which should be located on a certain plane. Of course, ideally, you need to use as much of the radiated surface area as possible. As a base for a chandelier, you can use an aluminum hula hoop with a diameter of up to 1 m. But you must admit, having such a large chandelier in an apartment will be impractical, and it will take up a lot of space. Therefore, I decided to make it more compact, since the main thing in a chandelier is the amount of high voltage, but still the area is secondary. The main rule to follow is the presence of pointed needles. As a result, I ended up with this design:

When making this Chizhevsky chandelier, I followed this scheme:

The base of the perimeter was made of copper wire with a diameter of 2.4 mm. Then wires with a diameter of 1 mm were stretched mutually perpendicularly. The result is a grid with 35 mm cells. Then, sharp needles 45 mm long were soldered into each node of the resulting mesh. I chopped the needles with a chisel, from a motorcycle cable that is used for clutches. Of course, you can use factory-made needles with a ring, but it seemed to me that they would be painfully stiff and not so elastic. Since the needles are made of steel, soldering them is not so easy. To ensure that soldering does not cause difficulties, the tip of each needle must first be tinned with soldering acid, and if you do not have it, then with acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin):

After making the Chizhevsky chandelier, it was time to test it. To do this, we take the emitter itself and hang it from the ceiling. I hang the lighting from the chandelier, about 1 m below it. To isolate the emitter, you need to hang the chandelier itself on a fishing line. We connect a high-voltage wire from a high-voltage converter to the center of the chandelier. Also, in my opinion, power should be supplied to the chandelier according to the following scheme: the phase is supplied to the resistor R1, and the zero to the common wire. In my opinion, this is especially important in an apartment in a reinforced concrete building, since the reinforcement of concrete slabs is essentially ground, and the radiation will be more effective if the network power zero is supplied to the common wire, generally as indicated in the diagram:

Then we supply mains power to the high-voltage converter and check the chandelier in action. During its operation, no odors should be emitted, especially ozone, as well as light gases during corona, which can occur due to poor insulation of high-voltage capacitors or diodes. If you bring your hand to the side of the needles, you feel a slight chill already from a distance of about 20 cm. Honestly, this is an indescribable feeling when there is no wind, but it seems that there is some. If the lights in the apartment are completely turned off, then at the tip of each needle you can see a luminous point through which the discharge occurs. If you bring a low voltage indicator to the bottom side of the chandelier, then the gas discharge lamp in this indicator begins to glow from 80 cm, and if you bring the indicator closer and closer, it lights up brighter.

Although the voltage on the chandelier reaches 30 kW, the current is very small, and it cannot harm others. In order for us to indirectly verify the magnitude of the high voltage, we need to bring a metal object, holding it firmly in our hand, and evaluate the magnitude of the discharge. Based on the length of the arc, you can indirectly judge the magnitude of the voltage by adopting a simple formula that there are 10 kilovolts of voltage per 1 cm, respectively, for 30 kilovolts a distance of about 30 mm is required, which is what I did:

As you can see, the breakdown voltage is at least 25 mm, accordingly the operation of the chandelier will be effective. Practice has shown that it is for this Chizhevsky chandelier, which we made with our own hands, of a small area, that this high-voltage converter is quite effective. The heating of resistor R1 is not so great, it is barely warm. Ignition coil B51 is generally cold. The diodes and capacitors of the voltage multiplier are barely perceptibly warm. Since the therapeutic effect of using the Chizhevsky chandelier occurs within 30 minutes, this converter can be used without fear of overheating for much longer.

Only time can tell how beneficial this device may be for health, or whether, on the contrary, it will harm. So don't be shy, make a chandelier. I hope she adds health. Thank you all for reading to the end, see you again, goodbye everyone.

It is known that negative air ions have a beneficial effect on the human body, while positive ones contribute to rapid fatigue. Numerous studies have shown that the air of forests and meadows contains from 700 to 1500, and sometimes up to 15,000 negative air ions per cubic centimeter. In residential premises, their number sometimes drops to 25 per 1 cm3.
Anyone can increase the saturation of the air in their home with air ions by making themselves an ionizer consisting of an electroeffluvial chandelier and a high-voltage converter. An electroeffluvial chandelier (see figure) is an emitter of negative air ions. It consists of a square base made of 02 mm wire, and a mesh made of 01 mm wire, in the nodes of which sharpened needles of 00.3 mm wire are soldered. From the corners to the center of the square there are four conductors soldered together. High voltage is supplied to this point, and the chandelier is suspended from the ceiling through the insulator.

The thyristor high-voltage converter consists of a step-down power transformer T1 (see diagram), a rectifier on VD1, a storage capacitor C1, a high-voltage transformer T2 and a thyristor-ill winding control unit T1, R2, VD2.
The converter works as follows. The current of winding 11 of transformer T1 in the first half-cycle charges storage capacitor C1 through diode VD1 and winding I T2. Diode VD2 is locked at this time, and thyristor VS1 is closed. In the second half-cycle, the thyristor opens* through diode VD2. VD1 is locked for the second half-cycle, so a short circuit through the thyristor is excluded. At this time, capacitor C1 begins to discharge through the thyristor and winding I of transformer T2. A high voltage is induced in winding 11 T2, which is supplied to the chandelier through a rectifier and a high-voltage PV wire.
Instead of the KU201L thyristor, you can use the KU202N. The use of triacs (for example, KU208) is unacceptable. T1 - any small-sized transformer from a tube radio (wind it yourself - on a Ш19 core, set thickness 30 mm: I winding -2120 turns PEL 0.2; 11 winding -2120 turns PEL 0.2; 111 winding -66 turns PEL 0.2 ). T2 - high-voltage coil from the electronic ignition unit of the chainsaw<Урал>or magneto. Can be made from a core and a high-voltage coil from a TV type CNT-35 (<Рекорд-66>, <Рассвет>). Wind the primary winding yourself with PEL 0.51 wire in the amount of 200 turns.
Instead of a high-voltage column VT-18/0.2, you can use 5GE600AF. Insulate high-voltage wires only with PVC tape. Before turning on the converter for the first time, connect a 220 V lamp in the gap at point A. If after switching on the lamp lights up, swap the terminals of winding III T1. If after this a high voltage appears, but the lamp continues to glow at least slightly, increase the resistance of resistor R2.
There should be no odors when the air ionizer is operating - this is a sign of the appearance of harmful gases that occur when high voltage leaks onto the housing or nearby parts.
Precautionary measures. When setting up and operating the converter, electrical safety must be observed. The high voltage current is limited to 2 µA, that is, thousands of times less than the maximum permissible, but this does not mean that you can touch the chandelier with impunity without receiving a strong prick from the discharge spark.
The operation of the converter can be judged by a slight crackling sound around the chandelier. The duration of the daily session is about 30 minutes. > In rooms with insufficient ventilation, turn on periodically throughout the day.

N. Semakin, village Pudem, Udm. ASSR

The power supply described above has good filtering properties; the transistor suppresses noise, ripple, and AC background. However, it is imperfect and unstable. For example, you set the output voltage to 5 volts. Your network voltage has increased, the voltage at the output of the diode bridge and capacitor C1 immediately jumps, naturally the voltage at resistor R1 increases, it divides it differently, the increased voltage is supplied to the base of transistor VT 1, and naturally an increased voltage appears at the output. When the network voltage decreases, the same thing happens in the direction of decreasing the output voltage. To prevent this from happening, parametric voltage stabilizers using zener diodes with an amplifying transistor are used. Let's consider several power supplies (voltage stabilizers) with a step-down input transformer.

They have several disadvantages:

1. Reduced efficiency

2. High power dissipation

3. Weight, determined naturally by the overall dimensions of the transformer.

But there are also advantages:

1. Complete galvanic isolation from the supply network, in contrast to pulse ones with a transformerless input.

Today, only the lazy don’t talk about health and a healthy lifestyle. People also do a lot to improve the health of their environment; they try to choose only those foods that cannot harm their body.

It is quite natural that everyone began to remember those methods of healing that were widely widespread back in the days of our parents. For example, today Chizhevsky’s chandelier has become relevant again. It’s not so easy to do it yourself, but all the effort is worth it!

What kind of chandelier is this?

Here we should make a small digression, talking about what kind of chandelier this is. What are its benefits? Well, let's look at this issue in more detail.

Professor A.L. Chizhevsky, whose works are now practically forgotten, at one time spoke about human stupidity in that part in which it concerned the completely careless attitude of people to the air. To the air that each of us breathes at every second of our existence.

He especially emphasized the role of negatively charged ions in shaping the health of the human respiratory system. The scientist cited as an example the fact that the air of an average-sized forest meadow or clearing contains up to 15,000 negatively charged ions per cubic centimeter! For comparison, a similar volume of air in an average city apartment contains no more than 15-50 ions!

Why is it needed, practical effect

The difference is visible to the naked eye. Unfortunately, people tend to underestimate dry facts, and therefore we will provide more specific information. The fact is that a low content of ions in the air contributes to the development of diseases of the respiratory system, leads to rapid fatigue and low performance.

Have you ever noticed that when you work outdoors you are much less tired? In particular, when working in an apartment, sometimes it’s enough to do a couple of small jobs around the house to feel completely overwhelmed. These are the negative consequences of a low content of negative ions in the air.

Chizhevsky’s chandelier helps combat this. We will try to make it with our own hands. This is what this article is about.

Main nodes

The most important element of the device is the electroeffluvial “chandelier”, as well as the transformer that converts the voltage. Actually, the negative ion generator itself is called a “chandelier” in this case. Negatively charged ions flow from its blades, which then simply stick to oxygen molecules. Due to this, the latter receive not only a negative charge, but also a high speed of movement.

Mechanical basis

For the base, a metal rim is taken, the diameter of which must be at least a meter. Every four centimeters, copper wires with a diameter of approximately 1 mm are pulled on it. They should form a kind of hemisphere that will sag slightly downwards.

Needles should be soldered into the corners of this sphere, the length of which is five centimeters and the thickness does not exceed 0.5 mm. Important! Needles should be sharpened to the highest possible quality, since in this case the likelihood of ozone formation, which is extremely harmful at home, is reduced.

By the way, this is why Chizhevsky’s chandelier should be made with your own hands as responsibly as possible, with strict adherence to all assembly diagrams. Otherwise, you may end up with equipment that does nothing to improve your health.

Mounting Notes

Three copper wires are attached to the rim, at 120° to each other. The diameter is at least 1 mm; they are soldered together exactly in the center of the chandelier. It is to this point that you should apply

Important! A fastening must be attached to the same point, which will be located at a distance of at least one and a half meters from the ceiling or ceiling beam. The voltage must be at least 25 kV. Only with such a value is sufficient vitality of ions ensured, allowing them to perform their health-improving functions.

Electrical circuits and operating principles

But the most important thing in our story is the diagram of the Chizhevsky chandelier, without which you are unlikely to be able to assemble anything useful. Let us immediately note that in an ordinary apartment you are unlikely to find everything you need for assembly, so you will have to drop into a radio equipment store.

When the positive half-cycle occurs, thanks to resistor R1, diode VD1 and transformer T1, capacitor C1 is fully charged. SCR VS1 in this case is necessarily blocked, since no current passes through its control electrode at this moment.

If the half-cycle is negative, diodes VD1 and VD2 are blocked. The voltage drops significantly at the trinistor cathode compared to the control electrode. Thus, a minus is formed at the cathode, and a plus is obtained at the control electrode. Accordingly, a current is generated, as a result of which the thyristor opens. At the same moment, capacitor C1 is completely discharged, which passes through the primary winding of the transformer.

Since a step-up transformer is used, a high voltage pulse appears in the secondary winding. The above process occurs during each tension period. Please note that high voltage pulses must be rectified, since when discharging through the primary winding,

For this purpose, a rectifier is used, which is assembled on diodes VD3-VD6. It is from its output that the voltage comes (don’t forget to install resistor R3) to the “chandelier” itself.

The Chizhevsky chandelier circuit we described can also be found in any Soviet magazine for radio engineering enthusiasts, but in any case it is useful to describe its operating principle. Without this, it will be more difficult to understand some of the nuances of the assembly.

Some important information

Resistor R1 can be made up of three MLT-2 connected in parallel. The resistance of each is at least 3 kOhm. We also make up resistor R3 from the same ones, but here MLT-2 you can take four of them, and their total resistance should be about 10...20 MOhm.

On R2 we take one MLT-2. You should not take cheap varieties of all of the above components: such a power supply for a Chizhevsky chandelier may well cause a fire, simply not being able to withstand the voltage.

You can take almost any diodes VD1 and VD2, but the current must be at least 300 mA, and the reverse voltage must be at least 400 V (on diode VD1) and 100 V (VD2). If we talk about VD3-VD6, then for them you can take KTs201G-KTs201E.

We take capacitor C1 MBM, which can withstand a voltage of no less than 250 V, C2 and C5 we take POV, designed for a voltage of no less than 10 kV. In addition, C2 must withstand at least 15 kV. Of course, it is quite acceptable to take any other capacitors that can withstand a current of 15 kV or more. In this case, Chizhevsky will cost less. As a rule, many of the necessary components can be pulled out of old radio equipment.

SCRs and transformer

SCR VS1 can be selected from KU201K, KU201L or KU202K-KU202N. The T1 transformer may well be made from the classic B2B (6 V) from any Soviet motorcycle.

However, no one forbids taking a similar part from a car for this purpose. If you have an old television set TVS-110L6, then this is very good. Its third terminal must be connected to capacitor C1, the second and fourth terminals are connected to the common wire. The high-voltage wire must be connected to the capacitor SZ and diode VD3.

This is roughly how a Chizhevsky chandelier is made with your own hands. As you can see, you need to have at least basic knowledge of electronics. Do not believe those charlatans on the Internet who talk about the possibility of assembling such a “chandelier” from scrap materials, since this is virtually unrealistic.

How to check the functionality of the design

How can you be sure that the structure assembled with such labor works normally? We suggest using the most reliable and primitive tool for this - a small piece of cotton wool. Even the simplest Chizhevsky chandelier, a photo of which is in the article, will definitely react to it.

It is known that even a small bundle of cotton fibers will begin to be attracted to the chandelier from a distance of about half a meter. If you simply bring your hand to the needles of the chandelier, then already at a distance of 10-15 cm you will feel a distinct chill, which will indicate that the equipment is in full working order.

By the way, if you decide to make a compact version of the ionizer, the needles can be replaced with one metal plate with teeth. Of course, the efficiency of such a device will be much lower, but it is quite suitable for improving the air quality around the workplace.

Some information about the correct conduct of ionotherapy sessions

Remember that Chizhevsky’s chandelier, reviews of which in most cases indicate its beneficial effects on the body, must be located at a distance of at least one and a half meters from a person. Sessions should be conducted for a maximum of 45-50 minutes. It is best to do this before bed, when fresh ionized air will help relieve stress and recharge your batteries for the next working day.

Secondly, you should remember that it is useless to ionize stuffy and stale air. If there is only carbon dioxide in the room, then there will be absolutely no benefit from this event.

By the way, the ionizer can be used effectively in the southern regions, where heavy air dust is a big problem. In this regard, the Chizhevsky chandelier, reviews of which confirm this, is capable of depositing dust even under conditions of low humidity.

Where can it be used?

Of course, we told you only about one ionizer design, which is quite suitable for use not only at home, but also in industrial conditions. In principle, you can upgrade the circuit yourself. It should only be taken into account that the output voltage must be no less than 25 kV. By the way, we remind you once again that on the Internet you can often find a diagram (do-it-yourself Chizhevsky chandelier), in which the output voltage on the rectifier is even less than 5 kV!

We assure you that such a device does not bring any practical benefit. Yes, a “budget chandelier” will create a certain concentration of negatively charged ions, but in their mass they will be too heavy and therefore unable to circulate in the air flow of the room.

However, such devices can be successfully used as a room purifier from dust in the air, which will simply settle. After all, Chizhevsky’s chandelier is not his advanced purifier. For this, it is much better to use a regular air conditioner.

But! Remember also the fact that any fundamental changes to the design, which was proposed by Chizhevsky himself, are strictly contraindicated. If you do not understand electrical engineering and physiology, then experiments will only lead to a decrease in the efficiency of the device, as well as to the production of an insufficient number of ions. You will only waste electricity in vain, getting absolutely nothing in return.

In general, a DIY Chizhevsky chandelier (a photo of which is in the article) will provide an excellent opportunity to save money on expensive medical equipment and make your life healthier.