Attacking strikes.
The attack technique, which consists in interrupting with one hand the ball, which is above the upper edge of the net, to the opponent's side, is called an attacking blow. The speed of the ball depends on the blow: the stronger the blow, the greater the speed, therefore, it is more difficult to receive it. According to the execution technique, a direct attacking blow and a side one are distinguished. Both can be performed in a standing jump or from a run. According to the speed of the ball, there are: 1) Power (high-speed); 2) Brush (accelerated); 3) Deceitful (slow).
Direct attacking blow. The takeoff run ranges from 2 to 4 m and consists of 2 to 4 steps. The first step is short, performed softly, as if stealthily, the last step is long, performed in the form of a jump. A straight leg is brought forward and placed on the heel, followed by quicklythe other leg. The body leans back slightly, the arms below - behind. Together with the roll on toes, the legs straighten and a jump is performed: the beating hand with a swing along the shortest path rises above the shoulder.
Figure: 12 Direct attacking blow.
In a jump, the shoulders and the beating hand are pulled back, the body bends (Fig. 12). From this moment, the execution of the actual attacking blow begins. The first movement is to bring the elbow of the beating hand forward. The beating hand, unbending at the elbow joint, begins to move forward and with an accentuated movement with the brush they will hit the ball. The fingers of the hand are tightly compressed at the moment of impact, the ball is slightly in front of the player. Landings after impact are performed on bent legs with lowered arms, which gives the player the opportunity to quickly start moving in the desired direction or perform a second jump to block.
Figure: 13 Side attack blow.
Side attack blow (fig. 13) is performed after a wide swing across the side with a striking hand. By changing the movements of the arm and hand, you can also perform offensive shots with the transfer of the ball to the right and left.
Hit c translation to the right or left. There are with and without a turn of the body. Hits with a torso twist are performed in the same way as a straight one, but with a slight twist of the torso in the direction of the blow and the ball is struck from above-back-right. When translating to the right, the body begins an instant turn after taking off from the ground, then its order is tilted to the left, and the shoulder is pulled away from the net, and when hitting without turning the torso, the main role is played by hitting the ball with the hand (fig. 14).
It is difficult to find a physical exercise like the attacking punch in volleyball that includes running, jumping and throwing. Despite the seeming simplicity of the whole complex of movements of a volleyball player going into an attack, the coordination of his movements is very difficult, although due to the naturalness of movements familiar to a person, the volleyball player does not notice this. Correct coordination of movements conceals a significant reserve for improving the attacker's skill.
There is an opinion that when jumping forward, you should put out the so-called jogging leg. This is not true. The jerk leg is a purely conventional expression. It comes from the habit of considering the strongest leg, which is customary to push off. In fact, the capabilities of both legs are the same. This, by the way, is confirmed by the fact that qualified all-around athletes, jumping in height, push off with one leg, and in length - with the other.
Players who have a dexterous right arm are more likely to push off with their left foot. Therefore, in jumping before jumping, they send their right leg forward, which will be the most appropriate for hitting with the right hand. An energetic swing of the arm and abduction of the shoulder turns the player's torso slightly to the right, while the right leg touches the ground before the left (Fig. 20).
The movement of the attacker in slow motion.
This sequence is needed not only for proper coordination - the interaction of arms and legs. A more energetic (when pushing off) jerk up with the right hand will pull the entire right side of the player's body with it earlier. Therefore, the right leg will then receive a load equal in time to the left leg, when, when setting, ahead of it, it is sent forward. Failure to evenly distribute the load on the legs can cause injury.
There are volleyball players jumping with their left foot forward (when hitting with their right hand). In an effort to evenly distribute the load on both legs, they jump and due to this they manage to get ahead of the left leg with their right foot. Outwardly, this leaves the impression of "tangled legs". These movements are especially dangerous if the player does not have solid skills and confidence when entering a shot. Such a volleyball player will not be able to consistently and successfully perform attacking strikes.
In the last step (jumping), one must observe a reasonable measure in the height of the jump, remembering that it is only a means to increase the jump, and not an end in itself. In the flight (jumping) phase, the arms are pulled back. This is facilitated by a forward jerk with the body forward. By the time the legs are set, the arms naturally "pull" the body up in a circular motion. Sometimes it is recommended to put your feet on the heels before pushing. This is not true. Legs are put like this: right first on the outer arch of the foot, and the left on the entire foot. Both legs seem to rest on the floor, and this requires the largest support area. The greater the take-off speed, the more you need to extend your legs forward, a greater lead in setting your right leg and a general turn to the right. Having extinguished the inertia of jumping and running, the player vigorously kicks off.
From all that has been said, it should be concluded that the main key component of getting out to strike is the last step, that is, jumping. The number of steps, depending on the game environment, can be any. More often, however, takeoff is used. It is very important to determine the start of the run, the timeliness of which allows you to hit the ball at the right time. Any stop in the takeoff run is a gross mistake that reduces the quality of the jump and reduces the chances of meeting the ball in a comfortable position.
Some players, before taking the first step, watching the pass, shift in place - this is not a mistake. The main thing is not to go ahead prematurely and not to be late with a running start. The start time of the run and its direction is determined by the ascending trajectory of the ball passing for the attacking hit. To develop the ability to determine this time, repeated exercises are required. We must try to determine the time and place of meeting with the ball when it just came off the hands of the passer.
Thus, the first step in a three-step take-off run determines the start of the take-off run, the second serves to correct the direction of movement, and the last step - jumping - is necessary to overcome the distance remaining before the push. Depending on the distance of the player from the ball, the last step can be very small or reach 2-3 m or more.
Bearing in mind that in volleyball, each subsequent movement should receive the best preconditions from the previous one, the elbows of the arms should be ahead of the hands when starting the upward movement. The non-striking hand is stopped at a level just above the shoulder, slightly bent. If left at the bottom, it will make it harder to hit. The elbow of the striking hand overtakes the hand to the starting position for the strike. At the moment of the impact itself, the elbow again overtakes the hand, due to which a whip-like movement of the beating hand is achieved.
Direct attacking blow.
Consider the starting position of the beating hand. In practice, it is widely believed that the wrist of the beating hand should be brought back behind the head. This is a misconception. With this hand position, volleyball players, even very gifted ones, rarely achieve high results, but quite often they injure the shoulder joint. In what position should the hand be before the blow? Can the brush be placed, for example, over the head (such recommendations also exist)? No you can not. In this case, the brush will be in the center of rotation of the body around the vertical axis and the speed of its movement will be zero. The greatest acceleration can be obtained by moving the brush to the side, but then the net will interfere with the impact. Just one tilt of the torso will also not give the desired effect.
In the swing position, the body is slightly deflected back (a strong deflection is permissible only if the ball is behind the head), the legs are freely lowered, the knees are slightly bent, the leg of the same name to the beating hand is slightly higher above the platform than the other (due to the raised shoulder ).
In the initial position for the blow, the hand can be tense or relaxed, depending on the task that the player solves with his blow. First of all, you need to find a free, natural position of the fingers. The harder you need to hit the ball, the more relaxed the hand should be. As the accuracy of the stroke increases, the degree of hand tension also increases.
Let's consider what has been said with examples. After the pass for the attacking hit, the ball was far from the net. It is inconvenient, impractical to punch such a ball strongly. Better to make a not very strong, but accurate blow. To do this, the player more actively takes the shoulder of the beating hand back, and performs the blow mainly due to the rotation of the body around the vertical axis, trying to give the movement of the hand a rectilinear direction. The hand is tense, with the fingers upward and, as it were, presses on the ball upon impact.
The movement of the trunk is approximately the same as that of the shot pusher. Such a blow is used most purely so that the ball goes from the block to the aug, as well as, if necessary, "twisting" (or "cutting") the ball.
Another example. The ball is not in a comfortable position to hit. In this case, the movements will be similar to the final phase of the actual javelin thrower finishing the throw with the so-called whip. Here, the volleyball player actively flexes his torso around the horizontal axis. At the moment of impact, the player seems to "hang" on the ball. Moreover, not only the hand should hang, but the whole body: the weight of the whole body is invested in the blow. To do this, the hand covers the ball, ending the whip-like movement.
In all types of throwing, as you know, the ending is of particular importance. This fully applies to the attacking shot in volleyball. This is why the most important component of an offensive punch is torso work. Only those who are capable of making a sharp jerk at the end of the blow can combine the power of the blow with its precision. For athletes who own the end of the blow, a sharp lowering of the head combined with the movement of the legs forward is very characteristic. There are times when a player touches the net with his feet. According to the rules, this is, of course, a mistake, but according to the technique, it is perfection itself, if this touch is not done deliberately, but is a consequence of the energetic work of the torso. Now about the so-called brushwork. One can often hear judgments about players who have a “brush working” or “a brush not working” without any specific recommendations. Usually, the criterion for good "brushwork" is considered to be the result of a blow: hit the platform - "the brush works", missed - "the brush does not work. What's the matter here?
The angle between the direction of flight of the ball from the impact and the surface of the site depends on the movement of the hand and the wrist joint along the horizontal axis. The more the brush is pulled back on impact, the further the ball will fly and the angle between the direction of its flight and the plane of the court will be smaller. And vice versa: the more the hand bends forward and covers the ball, the steeper the direction of the ball's flight will be, and the angle between this direction and the plane of the court will approach the straight line more and more. Hence, we can conclude that the direction of the ball's flight depends on the change in the position of the hand in the wrist joint, on its movements along the horizontal axis. However, the player, not seeing the hand at the moment of impact, is not able to feel the difference in its position within 10-20 °. At the same time, these 20 ° when hitting the back line will make a significant difference. Therefore, the "work of the brush", its movement along the horizontal axis, gains value when gears are close to the grid and strong blows, or in all other cases when special precision is not required. True, with a decrease in the force of the blow, the value of this method, its accuracy, increases, and for playing above the block "wrist" blow is considered the main, only expedient blow.
In modern volleyball, when the expansion of the scope of action of attacking strikes, including at a significant distance from the net, is becoming more and more important, movements with a brush around a vertical axis are increasingly used (“transfers” with a brush to the left and to the right). As a rule, successful play in defense (with a block and on the back line) depends on the ability to correctly determine in advance the direction of flight of the ball after an attacking hit. Relying only on the player's reaction is not very promising. Therefore, many components of the attackers' actions are studied, which makes it possible to foresee the direction of their actions. It is here that "working with a brush" around the vertical axis gives a special effect, since with the help of this movement it is possible to change the direction of the ball's flight, completely unexpected for the opponent's players. There is not and should not be any special starting position for various attacking strikes, since it could prematurely reveal the intention of the attacker. The movement of the hand around the vertical axis is also preferable for the accuracy of the stroke. Let's look at the trajectory of the attacker's wrist during active movement around the horizontal axis ("whip"). It represents part of a circle. The direction of flight of the ball from the impact is tangential to this part of the circle, depending on the place of impact. Thus, in order for the ball to hit the court, you need to touch it when hitting in a strictly defined section of this circle. If the contact goes beyond the boundaries of this section, the ball will either go out of bounds or hit the net. If we decrease the activity of rotation of the hand around the horizontal axis and increase it around the vertical axis, then it becomes possible to move the hand straight, which increases the accuracy of the stroke.
A few more words about the position of the elbow. In all cases, especially when the ball is in an uncomfortable position for hitting, the elbow of the hitting hand must not be lowered below the shoulder joint, since the desire to “cover” the ball leads to the movement of the hand in this sutsava and the hand will lower the ball into the net in a small circle. When the elbow is raised, the “covering” of the ball is combined with the movement of the entire body forward and the ball is, as it were, “pushed” in the desired direction.
Having understood the fundamental provisions of a direct attacking strike, let us now consider its general structure (Fig. 21). The player starts the movement with his right foot, taking a small step. He regulates the speed of movements in this step depending on the height and distance of the ball. It is necessary to strictly observe the rule: "wait" for the ball either at the beginning of the movement or already in the air, in a jump. Stopping in the interval between these extreme positions (the first step and the jump) dramatically reduces the quality of the jump or leads to a jump. With the second step (left foot), the player determines the direction of the run. The leg is positioned so that the direction of the takeoff run does not change in the future. The third step covers the distance remaining to the place of take-off. The three-step run is the most rational. In a game setting, there are other types of run (from one step to several steps of running). To achieve "springiness", to stretch the extensor muscles and force them to contract with great effect, the player seems to "bump" into the legs slightly bent at the knees. After completing all these movements, the player meets the ball at the highest point of his jump.
METHODOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
ON THE TOPIC OF:
"Volleyball. Studying the attacking blow "
Executor:
Kazakova Yulia Vladimirovna
Trainer-teacher
MKOU DOD DYUSSH
Bykovo 2015
Offensive strikes are the most effective way of attacking a team. These techniques are performed in a running jump at the net. The attacking blow delights the audience and gives great pleasure to the volleyball players themselves. Despite the outward, seeming simplicity of the game, the technique of volleyball is very complex. This complexity is primarily due to the fact that all the techniques of the game are performed with short-term contact of the hands and the ball. In addition, these techniques must always be performed effectively, regardless of any changes in the conditions of the game. Modern volleyball places high demands on the technical skill of athletes. Therefore, attention to the technical training of volleyball players is of great importance. An offensive hit in volleyball in most cases is the end of the rally at home, the goal of which is to score a point in your favor. All previous actions of the players should be aimed at preparing for its commission. The height of the ball pickup, the speed of the pass, the constantly changing conditions of the game, the likelihood of errors in the preparatory stage, the opposition of the enemy require from the attacker good physical fitness, possession of technique and the application of moral and volitional qualities.
A sufficiently long time is allotted for training the attacker to strike, which is associated with the need to instill in the player such qualities that would allow him, without losing the opportunity to adjust his position in space relative to the site, the net, blocking the players of the opposite team, to be able to jump out to strike in that place on the net, where there would be the most convenient position of the ball for hitting with the least possible opposition from the opponent.
Features of teaching attacking strike technique.
The attacking strike technique includes four phases: takeoff, jump, attacking strike itself, and landing.
Technique for running and jumping.
The takeoff run consists of microphases, characterized by the originality of the external form of movements and the features of neuromuscular activity. During the run and jump, the volleyball player's efforts are aimed at solving two main tasks - achieving the highest jump height and its maximum accuracy in relation to the ball's flight path. The ratio of these tasks changes during the development of a motor action, causing the variability and stability of its phase structure.
The takeoff, according to its rhythmic pattern, is divided into three microphases: beginning, middle and jumping:
in the first, starting microphase, the volleyball player, having not yet determined the nature of the trajectory of the ball's flight (second gear), performs one or two "stepping" steps in slow motion with a double support characteristic of walking;
in the second, preparatory microphase, the player determines the trajectory of the ball and adjusts the speed of his movement. If the transmission is underestimated, then the speed of movement increases sharply and walking turns into a run. If the ball is directed along a high trajectory, then the speed of movement increases slightly, and sometimes slows down;
in the third microphase - jumping - the player performs a wide running stride, which organically merges with subsequent movements. The efficiency of using the force of inertia formed by the horizontal speed of the takeoff run for jumping upwards depends on the merging of efforts and their speed at this moment.
When jumping, the foot of the forward leg is placed from the heel, the second leg joins the first, the straightened arms are pulled back for the upcoming swing motion. The repulsion from the support takes place in a very short period of time. The sole rests completely on the surface of the platform with the sole part. There is a flexion of the legs at the knee joints, and the torso at the hip joints. The volleyball player's hands begin swinging. Flexion of the legs at the knee joints and the torso at the hip joints, as well as the swinging movement of the arms, is a decisive prerequisite for pushing the volleyball player away from the support.
At the final moment of the push, the foot is bent, that is, direct repulsion from the support. Simultaneously with the swinging efforts of the arms, this movement contributes to the completion of repulsion and is accompanied by additional pressure on the support. The muscles that flex the foot include: the triceps muscle of the leg, the posterior tibia, the long flexor of the big toe, the long and short peroneal muscles.
The height of the jump is largely due to the "explosive" nature of muscle contraction, the maximum increase in the speed of swinging movements of the arms at the beginning of the take-off and slow motion at the end of the push. It is most beneficial to slow down the movement of the hands at the level of the head, since in this case the magnitude of the reactive force (its tangential component) will be maximum.
The height of the jump also largely depends on the angle of flexion of the legs in the knee joints. A large bend of the legs increases the path of "acceleration" of the athlete's center of gravity, but at the same time reduces the power of repulsion. At the same time, slight flexion of the legs in the knee joints increases the power of the pushing off efforts.
The take-off rhythm, due to the peculiarities of the speed and trajectory of the ball for attacking strikes from accelerated and low passes (half-shot, shot and short), is characteristic for each individual case. If, in a normal high gear (to its beginning), the attacking player makes a slight forward bend of the body or one step, then with shorter gears during the same period of time the volleyball player performs the second microphase of the run. In this case, the leading character of the run of the volleyball player in relation to the second transfer of the ball is clearly manifested.
When performing an attacking blow from half-shot transfers, the final correction of the take-off speed and the choice of a place for a jump is made by the student even later, during the last step-swoop.
The technique of hitting the ball.
The ball hitting technique constitutes the second phase of the attack hit. Here, too, the movements are divided into two microphases: the swing and the actual percussion movement.
The ball is hit by a sharp sequential contraction of the muscles of the abdomen, chest and arm. The most effective in terms of force will be such an attacking blow, in which the speed of movement of the proximal link of the arm (its shoulder), being the highest at the beginning of the movement, decreases when the hand touches the ball. This contributes to the emergence of reactive forces that increase the rate of flexion of the hand in the wrist joint. Thus, the various phases of the execution of the attacking blow do not consist of repetitive cyclical movements, but are of a very diverse nature both in terms of the external, observed form of movements, and in their speed-power structure.
The main tasks when teaching an attacking strike are:
1. Expanding the stock of various skills and abilities, which allows you to correctly perform new movements and quickly master them.
2. Mastering a rational technique (the correct structure of movements, their implementation without undue stress).
3. Improvement of technical details by identifying the causes of errors (when performing technical techniques) and eliminating them.
4. Improving technique by changing the form of movements, creating certain difficulties when performing techniques.
5. Improvement of attacking strike technique in competitive conditions.
Therefore, mastering the rational attacking technique is the main task of the technical training of students. This task will be successful if the training process uses:
a) the principle of gradualness
b) knowledge of biomechanical patterns of movement and actions when performing an attacking blow;
c) knowledge of the causes of errors in teaching and improving the technique of the game and the correction of these errors;
d) leading exercises, simulators, teaching devices that make the technique of movements available to students without distorting its essence.
Stages of training:
At the beginning of training, it is important to achieve consistency in the work of the body links. With further training, the conditions for performing the techniques are complicated by changing the starting positions: after preliminary movement, increasing the area of \u200b\u200baction, creating the simplest game situations, introducing some confusing factors. The study of the attacking blow (the most complex technique), it is advisable to study in parts. ... At all stages of teaching a technique, it is necessary to correct errors immediately after they occur. The sooner one begins to correct mistakes in technique, the greater the likelihood of success in mastering rational technique.
Learning errors
Typical causes of mistakes when teaching attacking technique are:
a) shortcomings in the development of physical qualities (dexterity, speed, strength);
b) the student incorrectly represents the movement in a technique;
c) incorrectly senses muscle perception;
d) there are no anatomical prerequisites for the study of a particular technique;
e) there is no systematicity, as a result of which the motor skill is not stabilized;
Knowing the typical errors and the reasons for their occurrence, it is possible to formulate the main methodological techniques for their correction:
A clear understanding by the student of the fundamental foundations of the technique of movements;
Creation of conditions in which incorrect execution of the movement is impossible;
Selective exercises in individual components of the movement;
Comparison of the wrong and correct performance of the technique (verbal explanation, video recording, posters, etc.).
The strengthening of the attacking strike technique and its further improvement will be the more successful, the better the mistakes made by volleyball players are corrected. The reasons for errors should be determined together with the student.
Attack hit - a technique of attack, which consists in interrupting the ball with one hand to the side of the opponent above the upper edge of the net. Offensive strikes are the most effective way of attacking a team. These techniques are performed in a running jump at the net. ... There are two ways: (direct and lateral attacking kick) The main attacking method is a direct "in the course", when the direction of the ball's flight coincides with the direction of the player's takeoff before jumping.
An offensive kick with a transfer is a kind of direct gift, it is such a blow when the direction of flight of the ball after the gift does not coincide with the direction of the player's takeoff before the jump.
The most difficult thing in the technique of attacking strikes is that the player must very accurately calculate his actions in accordance with the height and direction of the ball and hit the ball at the highest point of the jump. Most of the mistakes in the study of an attacking blow come from the inability of those involved in getting on the ball in a timely manner: a player jumps too early, or is late with a jump, as a result of an inaccurately calculated jump for a hit, the ball is behind the player, far ahead or to the side of him. Such shortcomings make it difficult for those who are engaged in the correct movement when hitting the ball and for a long time delay the process of forming the motor skill of the attacking blow. That is why the role of special exercises (preparatory and leading) is so important in teaching an attacking blow.
Attacking blows are studied in the following sequence: a direct attacking blow during the run, an attacking blow with a transfer to the left, then a side attacking blow to the right, which can also be with a transfer.
Direct attack hit
With a direct attacking blow, the shock movement is performed in the sagittal plane. The starting position is the same as the stance when making a transfer. The preparatory phase includes a run, jump and swing. The take-off run serves to achieve a sufficient horizontal speed of movement and its maximum use for a jump. The takeoff run is 2 - 4 meters (usually three steps). The first step is relatively small, the movement speed is low. It determines the choice of the general direction of the takeoff run. The second step corrects the direction of the takeoff run. The length of the step is increased, less time is spent on its implementation, the speed of movement increases. In the third step, the horizontal takeoff speed is converted to the vertical jump speed. The stride length is short; The body's GCT is significantly reduced, the speed of movement increases. The last step is usually performed in a jump (jumping): the leg (usually the right) is brought out stretched forward and placed on the heel, the foot is in the breaking position. Only with such a rigid positioning of the right leg on the support does a locking effect occur. With the other foot in the latter, the player pushes off the support and after a short period of time substitutes it to the right. Simultaneously with the jumping step, both hands are pulled back. When pushing off, the arms first begin to move - in an arc from behind - down - forward. This swinging movement ends with an abrupt stop of the hand at the moment when the hands are brought out above the head. The legs are included in the take-off movement a little later, when the general center of the player's body is behind the support, while they are extended in all joints.
The height of the jump depends on the swinging movement of the arms and the amount of bending of the knees at the end of the run. However, this angle should not be less than 90 °. From the moment the legs leave the support, the player's body acquires an upward and forward movement - this is the take-off phase. To combat the so-called horizontal drift, the upper body should be pulled back at the moment the legs are lifted from the support. Such a movement to a certain extent redistributes the body mass around the body's GCP and creates a certain rotational moment directed in the direction opposite to the horizontal component of the force. This helps to reduce the length of the flight path of the body.
Simultaneously with the takeoff, the right hand is made up and down swing. Thus, the movement of the hands in the preparatory phase consists of the swing pulling force of the swing, which increases the path of acceleration of the shock mass.
These two parts are separated by a small pause when changing directions of movement. When swinging, the forearm is taken behind the head, the hand is turned with the palm up, the right shoulder is pulled back. The height of the elbow will vary depending on the individual players, but in any case, the elbow must be above the axis of the shoulder joint. Often, players take the so-called "bow" position - they bend in the chest and lumbar parts, the legs are bent at the knees, the lower leg is pulled back. The left hand takes an active part in the swing movement: it is pulled to the side, as a result of which the pectoralis major muscle is stretched.
The percussion movement begins with turning the body around the vertical axis, bringing it forward and lifting the right shoulder. This movement sets the initial speed of the hand, which is included in the work a little later. It is straightened at the elbow and pulled up slightly forward, this provides a sufficient height for hitting the ball. The hand is placed on the ball in a relaxed state from the top - from the side (arm tilt angle approximately 75 °) with a whip-like movement. In this case, the shoulder is held further forward, the hand with the ball is moved further forward - downward, the hand is bent at the wrist joint, the ball is kept from slipping out by the distal phalanges of the fingers and directed forward - downward. Then the shoulder is brought out even further forward and down, it acts as a support for the hand moving forward - downward. The speed of movement of the hand increases smoothly, at the moment of impact it should be greatest.
Effective on impact can be: - lowering the chin; it allows you to use the effect of cervical-tonic reflexes, in which muscle groups of the front surface of the player's torso are strained in this position; - inhalation during the strike, which contributes to its faster execution, as a number of muscles are distracted from breathing functions. After the strike, the player lands, bending his knees.
The types of attacking blow are determined by the parameters of the second gear and have some peculiarities. With gears that differ in length (long, short, shortened), the nature of the movement during the execution of the attacking strikes is practically the same, however, with an increase in the flight time of the ball, the tempo-rhythmic structure of the takeoff run changes: the time for the first and second steps of the takeoff run increases, and the coordination of actions improves attacking player with a pass. In practice, high and medium-high gears are slow, while low gears are quick and fast. For an attacking blow from low high-speed (accelerated) gears, the following are characteristic: 1) a decrease in the take-off run to one or two steps; 2) faster take off as a result of less bending of the legs at the end of the run; 3) a smaller swing amplitude and less flexion of the arm at the elbow when retracted; 4) less accompanying movement of the hand after impact.
When performing an attacking blow from a gear distant from the wall (more than one meter), there are some features:
The place of impact is determined by the outstretched arm;
Simultaneously with the dribbling of the hand in the percussion movement, the player bends at the hip joints;
Hands in a striking motion are directed towards the upper edge of the net.
When performing attacking strikes for accuracy, direct accelerated strikes are used (they are often called wrist strikes).
Accelerated Attack Strike
The structure of the preparatory phase of the strike (takeoff, jump, swing) is similar to the structure of the high-speed strike. In the shock movement, the arms are brought up slightly bent at the elbow. Accordingly, the blow is carried out by straightening the arm at the elbow with a simultaneous whip-like movement of the hand. After hitting the ball, the hand movement is abruptly inhibited, it stops the accompanying movement is minimal. Attacking blow with hand transfer.
In the percussion movement, when translated to the left of the vertical axis, the hand moves in a small arc forward to the right so that the hand lies on the ball from above and to the right. At the same time, the hand supines, the thumb rises up. Together with the movement of the hand, the left shoulder is brought forward somewhat. After hitting the ball, the arm is lowered forward. It is used to circle the opponent's block, as well as to send the ball to an unprotected place of the playing court.
Slow beats (cheats)
Sometimes in the game it is necessary to direct the ball close to the net, throw it over the block or into an area where there is no insurance. When cheating above the block, use a straight slow hit on the move. All preparatory actions are performed as in a normal attacking blow. In the shock movement, the hand is moved, as in a usual attacking strike: it is brought to the vertical, slightly bent at the elbow forward, the ball is hit by extension at the elbow, by the distal phalanges of the fingers. When cheating past the block, a slow attacking blow is used with the transfer of the hand to the right or left.
Jumping and overhead serves must be mastered before learning offensive shots.
Leading exercises for mastering the attacking strike technique:
Jumping exercises:
1. Jumping on an obstacle, or jumping over an obstacle, for example, over a gymnastic bench, curbstone
2. Jumping rope, jumping on objects of various heights, serial jumps over obstacles (medicine balls, gymnastic benches) and various relay races.
4. Serial jumping exercises on the gymnastic wall
5. Jump upward by pushing two legs. Vertical take-off is required. The same with a rotation of 90, 180 and 360
6. Leap upward by pushing two legs with a running start in one, two, three steps. In the last step, the right leg is in front, the left is attached to it.
Exercises for learning percussion movement:
Throwing the ball with one and two hands from different positions
Throwing the ball over the net in a jump, without jumping volleyball, medicine balls
Ball throws in pairs
Simulating an attacking blow when jumping on a suspended ball
5. Throwing a medicine ball weighing 1 kg with hands - one (right, left) and two hands from the position of the hand up.
6. Standing with your face, sideways and back to the gymnastic wall, exercises with rubber sports equipment for the shoulder girdle.
7. Bench press lying.
8. Throwing a medicine ball weighing 1 - 2 kg from behind the head with two hands, one hand over the head ("hook")
9. Squatting and quick straightening of the legs with a wave of the arms up, the same with a medicine ball (two) in the hands; the same with a jump up.
10. Jumping on one and both legs in place and in motion facing forward, sideways and back forward.
11. Jumping (height 40 - 80 cm) followed by a jump upward.
12. Throwing a tennis ball over the net in a running jump, performing the movement of an attacking blow
13. Tossing the ball to different heights (including very high) and hitting the ball overhead while standing still and in a jump.
15. Attacking kick over the net on the tossed ball.
6. Attacking blow from the transfer.
Exercises for learning attack technique
1. An attacking strike on the move from zone No. 4 with a high transfer from zone No. 3 is sent to zones No. 4,6,5.
2. Offensive hit on the move from zone 2 with a high pass from zone 3 to zone 2, the ball is sent from zones 2, 6, 1.
3. An offensive hit from zones 4,3 and 2 with medium-high passes.
4. Striker hit from zones 4, 3, and 2 with high and off-grid passes.
5. Offensive kick with transfer to the right from zone 2 with high transfer from zone 3.
6. Alternation of attacking strikes from zone 4 with high passes from zone 3; straight along the way, with translation to the right, for accuracy, by hand.
7. The same from zones 2 and 3, but the attacking shots are taken from medium and low passes.
8. Alternation of attacking blows in different ways with different heights of transfers.
9. Attacking blow when opposing the block. The meaning of the exercises is that a block is closed in any direction, and you need to kick the ball in the other direction ("open"). Moreover, all actions are predetermined. For example, a line is closed by a block - a strike on the move or with a transfer to the left. And so in all zones and in all directions. First, the block is placed in advance, then it "appears" at the last moment.
10. Imitation of an attacking blow and deception.
11. Alternate execution of strikes
12. Attacking blows from the back line.
The completion of these tasks provides a prerequisite for successful training in attacking techniques.
Learning errors:
Stopping step on toe;
Stop before pushing off;
Lack of swinging movement forward-upward of the non-hitting hand;
A blow with a hand bent at the elbow;
At the moment of impact, lowering the elbow down;
Early or late takeoff;
Wrong rhythm or running start;
Incorrect squat depth before take off and staging of the feet;
Slow repulsion;
Insufficient impact force and inaccurate imposition of the hand on the ball;
Landing after hitting on straight legs.
An attacking blow is the main tactical means of fighting an opponent. The attacking player, depending on the direction and height of the passes, the attack zone, the location of the block and the opponent's defenders, tries to choose the most rational (for a particular situation) method of hitting. The lack of variability in the technique of attacking strikes leads to a point or serve loss.
The student performing the kick must:
1 - evaluate the quality of the second gear and choose the method of performing the attacking blow;
2 - watch the movements of the opponent's blockers and defenders;
3 - do not lose the ball from “inconvenient” passes;
4 - to master blows with the transfer of the ball to the left-right, trick blows, blows from the block, etc .;
5 - before the takeoff run for the attacking hit - a quick look at the opponent's side to assess the position of the players of the defending team.
Exercises to improve the attacking strike technique:
1. Attack hit in zone 4. Pass from zone 6 to 3, from 3 to 4 and attack hit. Next, the attacking player imitates a block in zone 3 - moves to zone 2, performs an attacking blow from the transfer of a player in zone 3, then a block in zone 3, an attacking blow in zone 4, etc.
2. Attack hit from low, short passes by the tie player and behind him (first pass from deep court).
3. Attacking blow from all types of passes to zones free from defenders (at the moment of the attacking player's run-up, 1-2 defenders change the zones of their initial location).
4. Attacking blow from the block to touch (the first transfer from the depth of the court).
5. Striking blow against a single block from low and short second passes in front of the tie player and behind him (first pass from deep court).
6. Serial attacking strikes from zone 4 (2,3) from the second transfer after the attacking player has received the serves (strike on the target). After each hit, receiving the ball in defense (hit from the coach).
7. The same, but with a single, group block, with one and two defenders.
8. Serial attacking shots from the second pass from all attacking zones after receiving serves by a non-attacking player
9. Attack hit from the first passes from different attacking zones without a block, with a single block (the first pass is made from different zones after the ball is thrown from the other side of the court).
10. Attacking hit with 1st and 2nd tempo after receiving serves by non-attacking players, with block and defenders
Output
The technique of teaching an attacking strike is one of the main stages in mastering the art of volleyball. The main principle here is consistency and consistency. Any actions of the student and teacher must be comprehensive and methodically verified.
The beginnings of teaching techniques are associated with the "splitting" of technique into components, a kind of sports analysis of technique. Thus, the smallest technical details are considered, which are then formed into combinations, movements, positions, etc.
The sequence of the attacking strike teaching technique means the order of performing certain actions of the player. From the point of view of methodology, it is fundamentally important to master the skill of techniques by each of the team, which is associated with the transition of players.
The next major layer in the technique of teaching an attacking strike in volleyball is movement skills. They must be correctly formed by the player from the very beginning, since subsequently all movements are performed "automatically", and with them uncorrected errors.
The technique of performing an attacking blow in volleyball, as well as other techniques, is quite complicated, but it is quite accessible to many, which determines the nationwide love for this game.
Bibliography
1. A.G. Ayriyants "Volleyball". Textbook. for physical in-s. Ed. 2nd, add. M .: "Physical culture and sport", 1976-230s.
2. Ashmarin V.A. Theory and methodology of physical education. A textbook for students of the Faculty of Physical Education. M .: Education, 1990.
3. Belyaev A.V., Savin M.V. Volleyball.- M .: Physical culture, education, science, 2000.-368s.
4. Belyaev A.V. Volleyball in physical culture lessons. - 2nd ed. - M .: Physical culture and sport, 2005.- 144p.
5. Belyaev A.V., Savin M.V. Volleyball. Textbook for universities. - 4th ed. - M .: TVT Division, 2009.-360s.
6. Bugaev K.E., Shepilo I.N. Age physiology. Textbook. - Rostov, 1975.
7. Vasiliev V.V. Human Physiology .- Moscow: Physical Culture and Sport, 1977.
8. All-Russian Volleyball Federation. Volleyball (collection of articles). Moscow, 2000.
9. Zheleznyak Yu.D., Portnov Yu.M. Sports games: Improving sports skills: Textbook. for stud. higher. study. institutions.- M .: Publishing Center Academy, 2004.- 400 p.
10. Zheleznyak Yu. D. Young volleyball player. M., Physical culture and sport, 1988.
At the beginning of the chapter devoted to the presentation of the technique and tactics of the attacking strike, it is necessary to clarify the issue of the classification of the attacking strike. In practice and literature, the following phenomenon is observed: different coaches and players call the same method of attacking strike differently, or, conversely, they put different meanings into the same term. For example, an attacking blow, made from the fourth number to the fourth number of the opponent, is called by some an oblique blow, others - direct, and still others - a blow "on the move".
The classification below uses terms that are most common among volleyball players.
The classification of attacking strikes is based on the principle of the ratio of the direction of the attacker's takeoff run to the direction of the ball's flight after the strike. Based on this basic principle, all attacking strikes can be divided into two groups.
I. Attacking strikes "on the move" (during the run of the attacker). These are blows in which the direction of the attacker's takeoff run roughly coincides with the direction of the ball's flight after the impact (the flight of the ball after the impact seems to follow the mental continuation of the attacker's take-off direction) (Fig. 51).
Figure: 51. Attacking strikes "on the move" and "with a turn"
II. Attacking blows "with a turn". These are blows in which the direction of flight of the ball after the blow is at a significant angle to the direction of the attacker's takeoff (see Fig. 51).
Of course, most of the attacking strikes “on the move” are carried out at a certain angle in relation to the attacker's takeoff, but with a “turn” strike, this angle is more significant.
A small part of the blows, like the counter and others, are made by the players without a run, therefore, when classifying such blows, it is necessary to take into account the ratio of the position of the attacker's torso before the jump and the direction of the ball's flight after the blow. So, if the direction of flight of the ball after the strike approximately coincides with the sagittal axis of the attacker's body before the jump, it will be a strike “in the direction”; if the direction of flight of the ball after the strike is at a significant angle to the position of the sagittal axis of the attacker's body before the jump, it is a “turn” strike (Fig. 52).
Figure: 52. Sagittal axis of the player's body
Strikes "on the move" and strikes "with a turn" can be performed by various techniques:
I. Offensive strikes "on the move"
Strikes "on the move" with the right (left) hand
"Wrist" strikes "along the way" with the right (left) hand
Side overhead punches "in the direction" with the right (left) hand
Fraudulent strikes "on the move" with the right (left) hand
II. Offensive strikes "with a turn"
Strikes "with a turn" with the right (left) hand
"Hand" blows "with a turn" with the right (left) hand
Side overhead blows "with a turn" with the right (left) hand
Fake strikes "with a turn" with the right (left) hand
This classification takes into account the characteristics of the technique of performing strikes ("wrist" strikes). Let's try to define the blows "on the move" and "with a turn" more precisely.
Strikes “on the fly” with the right and left hands are such strikes in which the direction of the run, the sagittal axis of the attacker's body at the moment of the strike and the flight of the ball after the strike approximately coincide in direction.
Strikes "with a turn" with the right and left hands are such strikes in which the direction of flight of the ball after the strike and the sagittal axis of the attacker's body at the moment of the strike approximately coincide in direction, but are at a significant angle in relation to the direction of the takeoff. To distinguish this type of blows from the general group of blows "on the move" and blows "with a turn", it would be more correct to call them direct blows "along the course" ("with a turn"), which would emphasize the nature of the movement of the striking hand and the blows of distracting body movements in the direction opposite to the direction of the blow to mislead blockers. However, for brevity, they can be called briefly - strikes "on the move", strikes "with a turn".
These types of attacking blows are relatively easy to block, since it is not difficult for the blocker to determine the direction of the attacker's blow by the position of the sagittal axis of the player's body (it corresponds to the direction of the blow). Therefore, the old guard of Soviet volleyball players - A. Shcherbin, S. Isakhonyan, V. Filippov, A. Yakushev and others - have long begun to use a different kind of strikes, which may have received the not quite correct name "wrist"; they are accompanied by false movements of the attacker's torso in the direction opposite to the direction of the ball's flight after the strike. Wrist shots are also divided into "on the fly" and "twist" shots.
"Wrist" blows to the move "with the right and left hands should be called such blows, in which the direction of takeoff and the direction of flight of the ball after the blow approximately coincide, but are at a significant angle to the sagittal axis of the attacker at the moment of impact. On the left side of fig. 53 depicts wrist strikes on the move from zones 4 and 2.
"Hand" blows "with a turn" with the right and left hands are those blows in which the direction of flight of the ball after the blow is at a significant angle to the direction of the attacker's takeoff and his sagittal axis at the moment of the blow. On the right side of fig. 53 depicts “wrist” strikes “with a turn” from zones 4 and 2.
The classification of side overhead and fake hits is based on the same principles described above.
Figure: 53. "Hand" strikes "in the direction" from zones 4 and 2 (on the left side of the figure) and "with a turn" from zones 4 and 2 (on the right side of the figure)
In practice, both players and coaches often have to determine which type of attack should be attributed to. For such a definition, one can proceed from the proposed classification, but it is useful to make a more complete characterization of the attacking blow, and for this the following details should be taken into account.
1. The place where the blow was made (from zones 4, 3, 2).
2. From which transfer the player kicked - far from the net or close, high or low.
3. The force with which the blow was made (strong or weak blow).
4. The steepness of the flight of the ball after impact (it can be determined by the zone of landing or ball reception).
Thus, any attacking blow can be accurately characterized. For example, a left attacker from his own zone made a strong attacking blow with his right hand “with a turn” from a distant pass along zone 1 of the opponent's court.
A unified view of the classification of attacking strikes will help not only practical work, but will also allow our sports literature to more fully cover all aspects of this most important technique of playing volleyball.
Yu.D, Zheleznyak, Yu.M. Portnov suggest that the development of attacking strikes largely depends on the development of speed-power qualities (jumping ability and dynamic strength) and coordination abilities (space-time and muscle coordination) of a volleyball player. When learning an attacking blow, a dismembered method is used: the final movement (final effort) is studied - a swing and a blow on the ball in a supporting position; jump up with a push with two legs from a place and a run; strike in an unsupported position (in a jump) from a place and after moving in one, two and three steps; impact from gears of different height and distance; strike with the resistance of blockers.
The exercises and their methodological sequence are the same in nature for all methods of attacking strikes.
Leading exercises:
1. Jump with two legs from a place, vertical take-off; the same after moving and stopping; the same with a turn of 90, 180, 360; jump upward with a push with two legs with a running start in one, two, three steps. At the last step in front of the right leg, the left is attached to it.
2. Mastering the rhythm of the run: steps along the marking, with the help of sound cues (reproduction of the rhythm of steps).
3. Mastering the blow with a brush on the ball: hitting a volleyball ball with a brush, kneeling on a gymnastic mat. The swing is small, at the moment of impact the arm is straightened; hitting a ball fixed on rubber shock absorbers; a series of strikes on the ball at the training wall.
4. Throwing a tennis ball over the net in a running jump.
5. Attacking blow on the ball fixed on rubber shock absorbers in a jump: from a place and from a running start.
6. Attack kick through the net on the ball installed in the holder.
7. Mastering hitting a flying ball. Tossing the ball to different heights and hitting overhead: standing still and jumping. Ditto in pairs with a transfer partner.
8. Attack hit through the net on the ball, directed with the help of a ball gun, allowing to send the ball along a strictly established trajectory. If there is no such device, the coach or partner will throw the ball.
Offensive strikes are the most effective way of attacking a team. These techniques are performed in a running jump at the net. The attacking blow delights the audience and gives great pleasure to the volleyball players themselves.
The main method of an attacking blow is a direct attacking blow "on the move", when the direction of flight of the ball coincides with the direction of the player's takeoff before jumping.
An offensive hit with a transfer is a kind of direct gift, it is such a blow when the direction of flight of the ball after the hit does not coincide with the direction of the player's takeoff before the jump.
The most difficult thing in the technique of attacking strikes is that the player must very accurately calculate his actions in accordance with the height and direction of the ball and hit the ball at the highest point of the jump. Most of the mistakes in the study of an attacking blow come from the inability of those involved in getting on the ball in a timely manner: a player jumps too early, or is late with a jump, as a result of an inaccurately calculated jump for a hit, the ball is behind the player, far ahead or to the side of him. Such shortcomings make it difficult to master the correct movement when hitting the ball and delay for a long time the process of forming the attacking blow's motor skill. That is why the role of special exercises (preparatory and leading) is so important in teaching an attacking blow.
AV Belyaev, MV Savin recommend starting training with a direct attacking strike on the move, then proceed to mastering the attacking strike with translations. In the future, as you master the straight line, you can study the side attacking blow. To conduct training only dismembered in the following sequence:
1. A jump up from a place with a push with two legs with a swing of the arms;
2. Take-off run with jump and swing;
3. Kick the ball.
Sample training exercises:
1. Jump upward with a swing of the arms.
2. The same, but with a turn of 90, 180, 360.
3. Leap upward with a push with two legs after one step forward, to the side.
4. Jumping from the bridge.
5. Jumping off the dais.
2.1. Take a wide step forward, putting your foot on the heel, put the other foot and jump (at the time of the first step, they are taken back).
2. The same, but quickly.
3. The same, but perform the first (stopping) step in a jump.
4. The same, but perform with two or three steps.
5. The same, but with getting the object at a height.
6. The same, but running off the line of attack.
When jumping, both arms swing upward.
1. Imitation of impact movement in place, in a jump, with a running start.
2. Kick the ball with a hand on your knees.
3. Strike the ball suspended at arm's length.
4. Hit the wall through the floor in place and in a jump.
5. Striker kick in pairs on the spot and in a jump (one throws the ball and passes).
6. Throwing tennis balls over the net in place and with a running start.
7. Kick through the net, standing on a dais, with your own toss.
8. The same, but the ball is thrown by the partner.
9. Kick through the net from a place in a jump from his own throw (strikes from different zones).
10. The same, but the ball is thrown by the partner.
11. The same, but with one, two, three steps.
12. The same, but with the transfer of the partner.
Learning errors:
Stopping step on toe;
Stop before pushing off;
Lack of swinging movement forward-upward of the non-hitting hand;
A blow with a hand bent at the elbow;
At the moment of impact, lowering the elbow down;
Early or late takeoff;
Wrong rhythm or running start;
Incorrect squat depth before take off and staging of the feet;
Slow repulsion;
Insufficient impact force and inaccurate imposition of the hand on the ball;
Landing after hitting on straight legs.
An attacking blow is the main tactical means of fighting an opponent. The attacking player, depending on the direction and height of the passes, the attack zone, the location of the block and the opponent's defenders, tries to choose the most rational (for a particular situation) method of hitting. The lack of variability in the technique of attacking strikes leads to a point or serve loss.
The kicker must:
1 - evaluate the quality of the second gear and choose the method of performing the attacking blow;
2 - watch the movements of the opponent's blockers and defenders;
3 - do not lose the ball from “inconvenient” passes;
4 - to master blows with the transfer of the ball to the left-right, trick blows, blows from the block, etc .;
5 - before the takeoff run for the attacking hit - a quick look at the opponent's side to assess the position of the players of the defending team.
Improving the technique of attacking strikes includes the following groups of exercises:
a) attacking strikes from all types of passes to the target;
b) attacking strikes against a single and group block with a specific task for the opposing sides;
c) attacking strikes against defenders with a specific task for the opposing sides;
d) attacking strikes after receiving serves against the block and defenders.
Sample exercises:
1. Attack hit in zone 4. Pass from zone 6 to 3, from 3 to 4 and attack hit. Next, the attacking player imitates a block in zone 3 - moves to zone 2, performs an attacking blow from the transfer of a player in zone 3, then a block in zone 3, an attacking blow in zone 4, etc.
2. Attack hit from low, short passes by the tie player and behind him (first pass from deep court).
3. Attacking blow from all types of passes to zones free from defenders (at the moment of the attacking player's run-up, 1-2 defenders change the zones of their initial location).
4. Attacking blow from the block to touch (the first transfer from the depth of the court).
5. Striking blow against a single block from low and short second passes in front of the tie player and behind him (first pass from deep court).
6. Serial attacking strikes from zone 4 (2,3) from the second transfer after the attacking player has received the serves (strike on the target). After each hit, receiving the ball in defense (hit from the coach).
7. The same, but with a single, group block, with one and two defenders.
8. Serial attacking shots from the second pass from all attacking zones after receiving serves by a non-attacking player:
From all types of transfers to the target;
Single and group block protections;
Against the block and defenders.
9. Attack hit from the first passes from different attacking zones without a block, with a single block (the first pass is made from different zones after the ball is thrown from the other side of the court).
10. Attacking hit with 1st and 2nd tempo after receiving serves by non-attacking players, with block and defenders.
A.G. Ayriyants offers the following technical training methods:
At the first stage, the main thing is this familiarization with the learned technique.
1. Show. It should be exemplary and complemented by demonstration of visual aids (cinematography, diagrams, site layouts, etc.).
2. Explanation. It should be short and understandable for those involved. Usually the show is alternated with an explanation.
At the second stage, the main thing is to study the technique in simplified conditions.
1. The method of holistic learning. A holistic learning of a technique creates a more complete picture of the studied action and a solid logical basis for the formation of a motor skill. Usually this method is used when learning simple techniques that are simple in structure.
2. Dismembered method. The technique is divided into phases or parts, while highlighting the main link or what is most difficult for the student. You should not dwell on the study of individual parts of the reception for a long time. The practitioners are brought to the execution of the movement as a whole as soon as possible.
At the third stage, the main thing is to study the technique in complicated conditions.
1. Repeated method. Only multiple repetition contributes to the formation and consolidation of skills and knowledge, stability and reliability of technology. Repetition involves changing conditions (gradual complication) in order to form a flexible skill.
2. Complication and difficulty of tasks in comparison with competitive ones (introduction of several balls, an increase in the number of actions per unit of time, quick switching, etc.).
3. Performing techniques against the background of fatigue (at the end of classes, after intense exercise).
4. Performing exercises in conditions of single combat with resistance.
5. Game method.
6. Conjugate method. It allows you to solve the problems of improving technology and developing special qualities, as well as technical training and the formation of tactical skills.
7. Competitive method.
At the fourth stage, the main thing is to consolidate the prima in the game.
1. Analysis of the performed movements (using special types of recording the game).
2. Special tasks on technique in the educational game.
3. Game method.
4. Competitive method.
5. Interval method.
Training begins with a direct attacking strike on the move. Then they move on to mastering the attacking blow with translations. Training is conducted only by a dismembered method. First, they study the takeoff and jump, seeking to consolidate the rhythm of movements. Particular attention should be paid to the correct positioning of the legs when taking off. The following example exercises are recommended for learning jumping:
1. Leap from a place up, up and forward, to the side, up and back.
2. Standing jump with a turn (from 90 to 360) to the right and left.
3. Jumps in series of 5-10 times, focusing on the takeoff height.
To study the running jump technique, after the demonstration and explanation, it should be performed first with one step, then with two, and finally with three steps. Sample exercises:
1. Take a step, bringing forward a straight right leg (stopping step), attach the left and jump up.
2. The same, focusing on the advanced swing motion with two hands.
3. Take a step, a stopping step and a jump upward with a swing of the arms.
4. The same, but perform the stopping step in a jump. Particular attention should be paid to the setting of the locking leg and the coordinated work of the legs and arms.
5. Run 2-3 steps, stop step and jump up.
6. To perform jumps to the attacking blow with a running start, according to the teacher's signals, in combination with other exercises.
At the beginning of learning the takeoff and jumping technique, it is necessary to monitor the active take-off from the support after jumping, as well as the active work of the hands in a swing motion, contributing to a high jump.
When performing running jumps, the following mistakes are most often encountered: in the stopping step, the leg is placed not on the heel, but on the toe, as a result of which there is no stopping effect, and the flight takes place in a horizontal plane; before pushing off the player stops, due to which the height of the jump decreases; there is no advanced swinging movement with the arms, which reduces the height of the jump and disrupts the general coordination of movements (1).
Errors are eliminated with additional explanations and demonstrations, as well as lead exercises and repetitions of the studied exercises at a slow pace.
Special attention must be paid to landing. The player must land on straight legs and immediately bend them to prepare for the next action. Special exercises contribute to mastering landing:
1. Standing jumping, paying attention to landing.
2. Jumping off gymnastic apparatus (horse, bench, gymnastic ladder).
3. Jumping from the bridge, paying attention to the landing.
After mastering a running jump or in parallel with it, you should study hitting the ball in simplified conditions - without jumping, using the following example exercises:
1. Kick the ball suspended at arm's length, paying attention to the extension of the arm upon impact.
2. Students are in pairs. One player tosses the ball with his left hand and shoots with his right in the direction of a partner who receives it from below with both hands.
3. The practitioner is located against the wall (5-6 m) and performs an attacking blow from his own throw on the floor at a distance of 1 m from the wall.
4. The same, but strikes are performed continuously on the ball bouncing off the wall.
After mastering the parts of the attacking blow, the trainees can perform it as a whole, but in simplified conditions. Sample exercises:
1. Imitation of an attacking blow. It is necessary to pay attention to the correct sequence of work of the body links and their consistency.
2. The same, but at the net in zones 4, 3, 2. Then it is important to watch the place of take-off and landing.
3. The players are placed in a column one by one in zones 4, 3, 2. At the signal of the teacher, the player performs a run, jump and throw a tennis ball over the net with an attacking blow.
4. Attack blow on the ball suspended over the net. Here, simplified conditions are created for the consistent and coordinated work of the body links when performing the technique as a whole.
5. Players are placed in pairs. One of them, being on the side of the kicking hand of the other player, throws the ball up; the other, being at a distance of 2-3 m from him, scatters and performs an attacking blow.
This exercise can also be done against a wall.
6. The position is the same, but player 1, tossing the ball, is at the net. Player 2 runs up and takes an offensive kick over the net.
7. The players are positioned as in Exercise 5. Instead of a toss, the player passes the ball from above with two hands, and the teammate performs an attacking shot from this pass.
8. Players with balls stand in a column one at a time in zone 4, one player in zone 3. A pass is made from zone 4 to zone 3. A pass is made from zone 4 to zone 3, a player in zone 3 passes the ball to zone 4, player zone 4 scatters and carries out an attacking blow.
The transmitting player of zone 3 can not be changed, and if changed, then the player who performed the attacking blow.
After mastering the blow from zone 4, you can perform attacking blows from zone 3 with a pass from zone 2, and then from zone 2 with a pass from zone 3. In the latter case, you should pay attention to the fact that the pass is carried out from the side of the weakest hand; therefore, the execution of the strike is somewhat specific.
Typical mistakes in the attacking stroke in the initial period of training:
when taking a run - delay in reaching the ball or running the ball, going sideways to the net;
in a jump - the jump is performed not upward, but longitudinally, because of which it touches the net; insufficiently active hand movements in swinging motion;
on impact - a blow with a bent arm along the edge of the ball;
upon landing - landing on straight legs without further bending them at the knees.
To eliminate errors in the execution of an attacking blow, it is advisable to use a detailed display and explanation of the structure of movements, imitation and lead-in exercises, highlighting an erroneous movement and its detailed study, as well as performing an attacking blow in simplified conditions.
After mastering the structure of the movement, you can proceed to its improvement, mastering more complex options for attacking strikes, gradually increasing the degree of difficulty of the exercises and the conditions for their implementation. To do this, you can use typical exercises:
1. Attacking blows from their own throw from different zones in different directions.
2. Offensive shots from long passes: from zone 4 with a pass from zone 2; from zone 2 with a transfer from zone 4.
3. Offensive shots from short passes: from zone 4 with a pass from zone 4; from zone 3 with a transfer from zone 3; from zone 2 with a transfer from zone 2.
4. Attacking passes from the depth of the court: from zone 4 with a pass from zone 6; from zone 2 with transmission from zone 6, etc.
5. Offensive shots from high-speed and quick passes, long and short: from zone 4 with a pass from zones 3 and 2; from zone 3 with a transfer from zone 2; from zone 2 with transmission from zones 4 and 3.
6. Attacking strikes from high-speed and accelerated short transfers: in zone 4 from zones 4 and 6; in zone 3 from zone 3; in zone 2 from zone 2.
7. Attacking shots from far from the net transfers: from zones 1, 5, 6 with transfers from the net; from the zones of the front line with a gear distant from the net.
8. Attacking blows with the transfer of the body to the left and to the right in different directions.
9. Attacking strikes with the transfer of hands to the left and right in certain areas of the site.
10. Attacking shots from the first transfer and rebounds.
11. Attacking strikes with movement to adjacent zones.
12. Series of attacking strikes (10-15), performed with maximum speed.
13. Attacking strikes against single and group blocks. At a certain stage, it is necessary to improve attacking strikes with counteraction, which is most consistent with the conditions of the game.
14. Attacking blows after passing, blocking, jumping, etc. Exercises of this type contribute to the formation of the skill of using the attacking blow in the game.
The process of training and improving attacking strikes should be structured so that the student gradually masters all their methods and options, learns to perform with any hand from different starting positions in different conditions.
