Soviet people worked hard, and therefore had the right to rest. They did not follow the sun to the Maldives and the waves to Hawaii. They spent their holidays in resorts that, because of the people's love for them, can be called cult.
Gagra
The most famous Soviet resort can be called Gagra. Everyone remembers a scene from the film "Ivan Vasilyevich Changes His Profession" with a memorable one: "Lyalya? You will not believe! Director Yakin threw his kikimora, and today we are leaving with him to Gagra! "
It should be noted that in Mikhail Bulgakov's play, which became the basis for the script for Gaidai's masterpiece, it is also about Gagra, and the play was written back in the 1930s. Even then, Gagra was called the "Soviet Monte Carlo".
Not every Soviet citizen could go to Gagra, recreation here was considered quite fashionable, so the entire elite of the Soviet Union rested in this resort.
The ideal climate of Gagra, where the swimming season begins in May and ends in November, alleys of tropical plants, magnificent colonnades and embankments, the legendary Gargripsh boarding house, rest houses and sanatoriums, healing hydropathic centers and the first medical beaches in the Soviet Union - all this made Gagra treasured the dream of every Soviet person. Half a million people came here every year.
By the way, the resort was founded not by anyone, but by the Prince of Oldenburg himself, a relative of the last Russian emperor and the grandson of Paul the First. The Prince's Castle remains one of the main attractions of the iconic resort today.
JURMALA
Soviet citizens, who did not like the heat of the subtropics, preferred to rest in places with a milder climate. The best choice was Jurmala - a resort town on the Riga seaside. Up to half a million tourists from all over the USSR came here every summer.
In Jurmala, you could have a good rest and improve your health. The creative intelligentsia was especially fond of Jurmala, since the Baltic States were considered “the European showcase of the Soviet Union,” and Jurmala was the most European resort in the USSR.
Many came to Jurmala by car. There were equipped comfortable camping sites and places for tents for lovers of "wild" rest.
Since 1986, after the Jurmala festival began to be held in the Dzintari Concert Hall, the resort has become a favorite place of Soviet bohemia. The winners of the song contest immediately became stars of the union significance.
TRUSKAVETS
The health resorts of Truskavets were popular even before it became one of the all-Union health resorts of the Soviet Union, and even before it became Polish in 1921. Back at the beginning of the twentieth century, it was already considered one of the most famous health resorts of European importance; in 1913, Truskavets was even awarded the Big Gold Medal for its developed infrastructure.
Truskavets became Soviet only in 1939, when the western regions of the Ukrainian SSR became part of the Soviet Union. Its development continued, the resort was improved, new sanatoriums were built. Having recovered after a devastating war, Truskavets eventually became a resort of allied importance. Balsa-water-and-thermal therapy was practiced here.
In terms of its popularity, it was comparable to the German Baden-Baden, Czech Karlovy Vary and the French resort of Vichy, only unlike European resorts, it was available to ordinary Soviet citizens.
BAKURIANI
Bakuriani was one of the favorite vacation spots of the tsarist family; in Soviet times, it became a ski resort of union significance. In the 70s-80s, the training base of the Soviet national team of skiers was located here. It hosted major competitions in biathlon, ski jumping, slalom and bobsleigh.
The famous Borjomi springs originate from the peaks of the Bakurian mountains, so not only Soviet fans of alpine skiing came here, but also ordinary citizens who were helped by the mild warm winter climate and hydrotherapy to relax after labor exploits.
Unlike many Soviet resorts, which either ceased to exist or fell into decay after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Bakuriani remains one of the most famous and hospitable ski, balneological and climatic resorts in Georgia today.
Eupatoria
Let's go back to summer. To sunny Evpatoria. The history of this Crimean city, named after the Pontic king Mithridates VI Eupator, has more than 25 centuries.
Happy days at sea in Evpatoria 73rd A comfortable dry climate, many beaches for every taste, medicinal waters of low, medium and high mineralization, healing salts and mud from the surrounding lakes - all these factors led to the fact that Evpatoria was one of the most popular resorts of the Soviet people.
Evpatoria was also one of the iconic children's health resorts in the USSR, children from all over the Union came here. Also Evpatoria was considered the most youthful resort in the USSR. There was a special atmosphere of freedom and fun, often leading to resort romances.
Yalta, Sochi, Gurzuf, Pitsunda, Gagra, Mineralnye Vody ... For those who were born and raised in the Soviet Union, these places are not associated with modern political maneuvers, but exclusively with recreation.
The hot sun, crowds of people on the beaches, wooden loungers that have grown into the sand, tin changing cabins, white buildings of sanatoriums and boarding houses and the legendary private sector. The trip south was the ultimate dream of the working people. And if in the 1930s and 1950s only Stakhanovites and shock workers of communist labor could become guests of Crimean and Caucasian sanatoriums from ordinary people (free of charge), then in subsequent years an ordinary Soviet citizen could get a ticket to a sanatorium in the trade union committee for only 5- 10 percent of its cost.
Many others chose the holiday "savage". By train, by plane, and some wealthier - by their own car, whole families or in the company of friends came to the resort. For a ruble per day they rented a bed in some shed of the private sector and enjoyed cheap fruits and the gentle sea. Active youth set up tents right on the banks of the then deserted beaches. Respectable citizens rushed to hotels - a luxurious room for two in a good Yalta hotel cost about 5 rubles a day. True, there were practically no vacant rooms during the peak season.
Almost Europe
Citizens, fascinated by the Western way of life, went to rest in the Baltics. Of course, the Baltic Sea is somewhat colder than the Black Sea, but the beaches were not inferior to the Black Sea ones, and the service was at a higher level: cozy cafes, polite waiters, plus - shopping. Not abroad, of course, but very close to it. They brought from the Baltic states "Riga Balsam" and "Vana Tallinn" liqueur, knitwear, amber crafts, and dinner services. And they rested, and the money was usefully spent.
Native weave
It's good in Riga, but better at your favorite summer cottage. Those who, for financial reasons, could not afford a vacation in the south or in the Baltic republics, went to their own "hacienda". Of course, you don't really lie in a sun lounger at the dacha: you have to dig up a vegetable garden, and go into the forest for mushrooms and berries, and water cucumbers. But after all, a bag of your potatoes and a dozen or two cans of delicious homemade pickles will never interfere with your household.
Tourists, climbers ...
But it was not so easy to drag the students to the dacha. Do you really want to weed the beds when your classmates decided to arrange kayaking with tents? Or did everyone have an idea to conquer Everest? Well, albeit not Everest, but a steep enough mountain. Or maybe visit Lake Baikal with the same tents - student scholarships were quite suitable for such trips.
In the winter months until the end of the 1980s, Georgian ski resorts were considered one of the best in the USSR. For example, Bakuriani, located in the Borjomi National Park. The rapidly developing ski resorts of Kazakhstan competed with him. If you are not a fan of downhill skiing, then cozy rest houses in Karelia and in Transcarpathia were waiting for you.
Are you going abroad?
And finally, a long-awaited trip abroad. Now many do not understand how difficult it was to implement it. Let's start with its cost. So, a trade union trip to Romania and Yugoslavia (7 days there and there) in 1971 cost 380-400 rubles; to Bulgaria (price 1976) - 250 rubles. This included trips around the country (7 days) and another week in Golden Sands. Well, and outrageous - a 10-day tour to France (Paris and Normandy) cost 350 rubles in 1979 (for comparison: the average salary was then about 160 rubles).
But the problem was not even the money, but the registration of travel documents. Before obtaining a foreign passport, it was necessary to obtain permission to travel - extremely difficult, even if it was planned to "our" socialist countries. What can we say about capitalist France?
If you are not allowed to travel abroad or work at a closed state-owned enterprise, then you can forget about rest abroad. If not, welcome to OVIR. There you will be asked with partiality: where, and most importantly - why are you going (what doesn’t sit in your native country?) Komsomol organizer of your enterprise. It is also not so easy - for example, the party organizer of the plant could not sign a questionnaire without a meeting of the party committee, where they were supposed to discuss your trip and where questions were asked in order to find out your political knowledge and reliability. So, if you are going to Yugoslavia, you might be asked to list the names of the members of the Yugoslav Politburo.
If you successfully passed all the bureaucratic obstacles and received the coveted passport, then it was impossible to keep it at home. We went - return the passport to the OVIR. Get together again (if they let go) - get it back. And a trip to the capitalist country was allowed only if you had previously visited at least two socialist countries without any violations and remarks.
Pioneer summer
With children's rest, everything was much easier. Every self-respecting enterprise had a pioneer camp, usually on the shore of a lake or river. It was possible to send a child there for relatively little money for one, two or three shifts. The responsibility of the workers of the pioneer camps for the life and health of children was at the highest level. Parents could sleep perfectly well, knowing that their offspring is healthy, well fed and actively resting. Children came from the camps tanned, matured and, as a rule, satisfied.
And those few who did not like the bustle of ascents and pioneer rulers, or whose parents did not have the opportunity to send the child to camp, usually had a great alternative - a village with grandparents, breakfast pancakes, fresh milk and unlimited bathing. For the autumn, winter and spring holidays, the children were also not left to themselves. The trade union committees offered vouchers for children to the Baltics, Belarus or Ukraine. The teenagers went there under the supervision of several educators, lived in hotels, and went on excursions. The trips were very busy. One voucher could include visiting five cities in five days of autumn holidays. Unlike many pretentious slogans of the Soviet era "All the best for children!" was not an empty sound.
At present, any of your wishes regarding the rest will be fulfilled. The only question is the price. Do you remember how it was tourism in the USSR? Some traveled as "savages", others managed to get a sanatorium voucher, but always an ordinary builder of socialism was forced to fight for his portion of ultraviolet radiation.
A Soviet citizen was supposed to rest and restore health 24 days a year. They had to be carried out in such a way that both the strength and the impressions were enough until the next vacation. So you need to go have a rest on the sea.
Beach vacation
For three summer months, boarding houses and sanatoriums received more than 100 million vacationers. The voucher is inexpensive. You have to pay only 10% of the cost. The rest is undertaken by the enterprise or trade union. True, vouchers must be able to "knock out". Otherwise, you will have to go to the sea "savage", which means you have to look for a decent dining room and housing yourself.
Getting to the hotel during the high season is unrealistic. You need to either have a “hairy paw” or “give it on the paw”, that is, either a pull or a bribe. So it's easier to rent an apartment from the locals. For a bed they ask for a ruble per day, for a room - five. The enterprising owners managed to rent everything: the veranda, the summer kitchen, the barn and even the hammock in the garden.
In the 70s the first campsites appeared on the Black Sea coast. For those who have a personal car, the easiest thing is to throw the tent in the trunk and the problem with housing is solved.
Soviet vacationers have several favorite resort towns. Everyone dreams of getting to Gagra, but not everyone can afford it. It has the highest housing and food prices on the market. The air in Gagra, which is protected from all sides by mountains, is the driest and warmest, so the swimming season here lasts from May to November.
Gagra is a favorite vacation spot for the elite and the elite. The famous sanatorium named after the XVII Congress of the CPSU has luxurious rooms, its own mud baths and mineral water springs. The sanatorium was supposed to become a real tourism factory in the USSR for the improvement of workers, but the workers could only admire it from afar.
There are no less government sanatoriums on the Crimean coast. They began to build them even during the reign of Khrushchev, who took a liking to "Miskhor", and continued under Brezhnev, who liked "Foros" more. At present, the party members had a rather modest rest. For example, a junior suite was allocated for the secretary of the Central Committee: two rooms, old Soviet furniture, an air conditioner from the Baku plant.
However, there was enough space for everyone under the hot Crimean sun. If you have 100 rubles in your pocket, then you can rest for two weeks in Yalta, albeit without glamor.
Sochi is another city where there is a warm sea, palm trees and one hundred and fifty kilometers of beaches. Tourists love them for the small pebbles that heats up so well in the sun. However, they come not only to gain strength for new labor exploits. This is a favorite city of blacksmiths, tweeters and card sharpers.
Tourists scold Odessa beaches more and more: the sea is dirty, and there are a lot of people. But all the same, they are attracted to this city like a magnet - housing is the cheapest in comparison with other resorts. Fresh fish, vegetables and fruits are also inexpensive. And here you can buy Yugoslavian boots, Polish cosmetics and Indian jeans, because there are not only beaches, but also a huge port.
On the beaches of Odessa, Yalta, Sochi, one could study the geography of the Soviet Union. After all, then traveling across the country by plane was quite affordable for a person even with a modest salary.
Now more and more photos from Spain, Cyprus, Turkey are posted on social networks. Only old pictures from Alushta and Tuapse, which have long been gathering dust in albums, remind about tourism in the USSR. But for some reason they are the most touching. Maybe it's the film, or maybe we're all so young on them.
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The USSR was a truly unique state, offering its citizens rest in almost any of the climatic zones within the country. Unable to walk, for example, in London or Paris, Soviet citizens could enjoy walking along the charming streets of Riga, and the beaches of Sukhum replaced the inaccessible resorts of Sardinia. Today the territory of the former Soviet Union also offers a lot of interesting options for recreation.
1. Estonia
In recent years, Estonia has become a popular destination for spa tourism, which is not surprising, since the beginning of the 19th century, complexes with air baths, mud therapy, massage and body wraps have been operating here. These resorts have always been so popular that even Russian emperors Nicholas I, Alexander II, Alexander III and Nicholas II loved to relax here. During the Soviet years, many sanatoriums and mud baths appeared in Estonia, which were especially loved by party leaders, and in the 90s, resorts were reborn into fashionable spa centers, attracting guests with decent quality of procedures and reasonable prices.
A spa package for one person in Pärnu costs now (summer 2014) about 2,300 - 3,200 rubles, including one night at the hotel. Offers of such luxury hotels as Georg Ots start at 3,500 rubles per person, and tourists can stay at Andropov's former dacha, now Villa Andropoff, by paying about 2,300 rubles a day. You can get to Estonia from the Russian capital by train in about 15 hours, by plane in an hour and a half or by car. To visit the country you will need a Schengen visa.
2. Latvia
A trip to Latvia will allow tourists to immerse themselves in the atmosphere of mysterious Gothic castles that were built in the Middle Ages. You should definitely visit the Riga Castle, most of which was built in 1515. For many years it was the seat of Polish and Swedish governors, and even the Russian governor-general. In most of the ancient estates and castles of Latvia today there are hotels, where guests are offered not only accommodation, but also wine tastings, entertainment programs and excellent spa treatments. The 15th century Jaunpils Castle is popular with visitors, where guests are shown scenes in the style of the Middle Ages and even indulgences are sold and theatrical rituals of absolution are performed. The cost of rest in this hotel starts from 2,100 rubles per double room per day. Fans of park ensembles should choose Birinj Castle from the 19th century, surrounded by a picturesque park with lakes. A night in the castle tower starts at 2,800 rubles.
You can get to Latvia from Moscow in 16 hours by train or an hour and a half by plane. To enter the country, you will also need a formalized Schengen visa.
3. Lithuania
In Lithuania, tourists first of all will be able to enjoy the delightful nature and the most beautiful old buildings. One of the main attractions of this kind is the Trakai Castle, 28 kilometers from Vilnius, which is considered one of the most beautiful castles in the Baltic States. It stands on Lake Galve and is surrounded by water on all sides.
It will be interesting to admire the castle from the water by going on a boat excursion for 70 - 150 rubles. Another interesting place is a part of the Curonian Spit - a narrow strip of land between the Curonian Lagoon and the Baltic Sea. This area is famous for its deserted beaches and beautiful sand dunes, where the "White Sun of the Desert" was filmed. There are also two modern developed resorts - Juodkrante and Nida, which you can stay at for 2,000 rubles per day.
Tourists can get to Lithuania from Moscow in 15 hours by rail, an hour and a half by air, or 9 - 12 hours by car. A visa is required to visit Lithuania.
4. Belarus
Belarus has managed to preserve the best manifestations of the Soviet past: neatness, cleanliness, a calm and measured lifestyle, low prices for food and a variety of services. It is best to get acquainted with this land from Minsk, which is dominated by buildings of socialist times, standing on the streets of Lenin, Marx, Frunze, Kirov, etc. of course, the ruins of the Brest Fortress. Here you can see a huge steel bayonet more than a hundred meters high, a huge figure of a Soviet soldier, as well as photographs of the defenders of the fortress, fragments of soldiers' letters and other museum exhibits.
Among other things, Belarus can be called an excellent destination for health tourism, since all kinds of sanatoriums of various specializations operate in the country. One of the most popular is "Radon", where they treat with water with a high content of radon, as well as the Republican hospital of speleotherapy. This clinic offers speleotherapy at a depth of more than 400 meters in former salt mines. Such procedures are especially recommended for skin and lung ailments. A night in "Radon" costs from 3,200 rubles a day, and an 18-day course of treatment in the Republican hospital - from 36,000 rubles.
You can get to Belarus from Moscow in 8-10 hours by train or less than an hour and a half by plane. Russian citizens do not need a visa to visit Belarus - entry is carried out with a Russian passport.
5. Armenia
It is worth visiting Armenia at least to look at monasteries and temples over one thousand years old. It is known that the first believers in these places appeared in the 1st century BC, and officially Christianity was adopted in the 301st year. One of the most interesting must-see places is the pagan temple of Garnis with mosaic floors, columns, porticos with Atlanteans. The temple is located above a deep gorge through which the Azat rivers flow. A few kilometers up the river is the Geghard Monastery, built in the 13th century and listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Some of the temples in this complex are carved into the rock and are especially interesting to visit.
You can get to Armenia from Moscow in three hours by plane. Russians do not need a visa if the period of stay does not exceed 90 days. Entry is carried out with a foreign passport.
6. Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan has been famous for its oil since time immemorial. "Black gold" has always been readily available here, and Marco Polo wrote about its mining in this area. Today, a lot reminds of oil here, from the mansions of the last century, which belonged to oil owners, to the modern skyscraper of an oil company and a resort offering treatment with oil baths.
The Naftalan resort is located 360 kilometers from Baku, where oil of a special type comes to the surface, which is used to treat dermatological diseases and ailments of the musculoskeletal system. There are sanatoriums of different comfort levels in Naftalan. For example, a day in the Shafa sanatorium costs from 1,500 rubles, and accommodation and treatment at the Chinar Hotel & Spa Naftalan will cost 3,800 rubles per day. Baku, where the world's first oil well was drilled in the middle of the 19th century.
You can get to Baku from Moscow in 52 hours by train or in three hours by plane. Russians do not need a visa if their stay on the territory does not exceed 90 days.
7. Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan will be especially interesting for lovers of industrial tourism, because the legendary Baikonur is located here, as well as the city of Aralsk, which previously stood on the shores of the Aral Sea. Earlier, because of human activity, the water level dropped sharply, and the sea retreated, and Aralsk turned into a ghost town.
If you find yourself at the Baikonur cosmodrome during the launch of the spacecraft (the next one is scheduled for September 25, 2014), you can see the rocket being taken out and installed at the launch complex, as well as witness all the preparatory stages before launch. The culmination will be the launch of the spacecraft into space - this can be seen from a specially equipped platform. Such a five-day tour costs about 95,000 rubles per person, including hotel accommodation, transfers and a flight from Moscow to Baikonur and back.
Those tourists who want to look at the Aral Sea should keep in mind that a trip to Aralsk from the capital of Kazakhstan will take more than a day if you travel by train. A must-see point for visiting the city is the “Cemetery of the lost ships”, where under the scorching sun lie the rusty skeletons of what used to be the Aral flotilla.
You can get to Kazakhstan from Moscow in three and a half hours by plane or 57 hours by train. You do not need a visa to visit the country, entry is carried out with a Russian passport.
8. Turkmenistan
Getting to Turkmenistan is quite difficult - for an independent visit to the country, tourists will need an invitation from authorized organizations or local residents. Moreover, if the stay in the country exceeds three days, then the travelers will need to register.
It is worth overcoming all these difficulties in order to immerse yourself in a unique atmosphere, where you can feel the fusion of all eras from antiquity to capitalism. What is worth, at least, the golden statue of Saparmurat Niyazov, rotating after the sun. Turkmenistan is also famous for its carpets - local carpets cost from 4,500 to 6,000 rubles per square meter and it is best to go for such goods to the main market of Ashgabat - Tolkuchka. By the way,
after purchasing the carpet, it will have to be taken to the Carpet Museum, where the staff of the institution will confirm that the goods are to be exported outside the country. Here you will also have to pay a duty, and at the border there is also a carpet tax - so the price can almost double.
Also in Turkmenistan it is worth visiting the "Gates of Hell" - a burning gas crater, which has been burning for over 40 years. It is best to see this miracle in the evening, when the desert is hiding in the dark, and the tongues of flame erupting from the ground look especially ominous. Finally, one cannot but devote time to visiting the Karakum Desert, which occupies almost three quarters of the country. Hiking and camel rides are organized in the desert.
You can book a hotel in Ashgabat only through a travel agency that will arrange travel and visa support. By the way, a visa will cost about 12,000 rubles, and a week-long tour from 70,000 rubles per person.
9.Uzbekistan
In addition to the amazing monuments of antiquity, it is worth flying to Uzbekistan in order to try local cuisine and real Uzbek pilaf. Hundreds of its variations are known in the country, and every Uzbek is able to cook pilaf even with closed eyes. Pilaf is cooked here everywhere and in huge quantities - on the streets there are giant cauldrons with a capacity from five to ten kilograms to several hundred. The best place to start a culinary journey is considered to be the Plov Center in Tashkent near the TV tower. Every day, city dwellers of all ages gather here for lunch, and pilaf is cooked in large cauldrons right on the street. Besides pilaf, there are special areas in Tashkent where you can try samsa and barbecue. It is better to go to Chimbay for barbecue, and for samsa in Chigatay, where they sell cakes and samsa of the best quality.
Samarkand is also worth visiting in Uzbekistan. You can buy local fruits, nuts, pickles, spices, sweets at the Siab bazaar. However, it is worth remembering that strict customs regulations prohibit export of some of the products, so it is better to eat them on the spot. After Samarkand, you can go to Bukhara - one of the most ancient regions of these places. Lovers of ancient architecture and historical sights will surely like it here.
If you buy a ready-made tour, then a weekly trip will cost tourists about 50,000 rubles excluding the flight. Russians do not need a visa to visit the country, although entry is carried out with a foreign passport.
10. Tajikistan
It is worth going to Tajikistan in order to see or even climb the Ismoil Somoni Peak - the highest year of the former USSR. Earlier it was called the Peak of Communism, and the height of the mountain reaches 7,495 meters. Now tours to Tajikistan are organized both for experienced climbers and for those who do not yet have special training. "Amateur" programs involve traveling on heights of no more than 5,000 meters, and the cost of such walks is about 20,000 rubles for 12-14 days. Those who have mountaineering training can count on climbing mountains of seven thousand meters. The duration of the ascent starts from one month, which is associated with the need for gradual acclimatization. Such tours cost from 100,000 rudders including transfer, accommodation in a tent and three meals a day.
You can get to Tajikistan from Moscow by train in 78 hours or by plane in almost five hours. Entry is carried out with a Russian passport and a visa is not required for up to 90 days.
