It turns out to be to blame there:
1) deputies of Catalonia, who were involved in populism,
2) the Prime Minister of Spain and diplomats of both sides, who did not make mutual concessions - Spain had to yield when there were negotiations,
3) Puigdemont and the parliament and media of Catalonia did not have enough good economists who would say and calculate that I'm sorry, it is incredibly expensive for Catalonia to open embassies in 235 countries in the world - they consider only their taxes, and how much it costs them now to open their own police, establish borders and their border protection (i.e. form their own army and border service), open embassies and all other countries in the world 235 countries need to open 1 more the embassy in Catalonia is not profitable for everyone, and many other expenses!
All these offshoots - LPR, DPR, Donbass, Catalonia, etc. - are unprofitable neither for these territories, nor for all other countries in the world for economic reasons, but what to do
or better hired economists,
or diplomats, who are better at negotiating in conflicts,
or educate the politicians who organize it all,
or let them separate, live on their own taxes (it will be unprofitable for them, they realize themselves), and sooner or later they may ask and join some state themselves (it is highly likely, except in cases where the flagrant rights of an ethnic minority have been directly violated for decades ).
Populism has never led to any good, competent experts must fight it, the media must tell the truth.
Russia does not need to gloat and point out this - like "Hahaha, this is what you need Europe", because Russia itself has a much more deplorable situation with the distribution of taxes between different regions and regions - there is no need to gloat, thereby promoting the possibility of getting out of For the same reason - an example of big differences - Moscow, Crimea and Dagestan, Ingushetia, Irkutsk region - if you calculate the budget per person.
Ukraine does not need to repeat the mistake of the Spanish authorities - let them roll to all 4 sides of the LPR, DPR, Donbass - to fulfill the Minsk agreements and give them autonomy or independence. It is an exorbitant expense to live a small territory on their taxes as an independent state, well, they will live on their own taxes, it will be dear to them, then anyway they will want to join another state - for God's sake, there is no need to die because of these plots of land and their durism. We must protect the lives of citizens. Confrontation with nuclear powers will not bring anything good, so Angela Merkel said correctly - there is no military solution for this conflict, why the US is stupid - I do not know.
Russia also suffered - it is true that it is not profitable to spin off these territories from an economic point of view (from a political point of view, they wanted to punish Ukraine - well, listen, you can punish in different ways), sanctions due to the war with Ukraine led to a crisis, the military conflict in Ukraine is unpopular among the Russian people, no matter how some polls and some media lie there, besides, elections in the Russian Federation are coming soon - this has lowered the ratings and popularity,
and all these supposedly independent offshoots of territories from Ukraine are also not profitable for Russia, because their own regions of the Russian Federation also watch and, as it were, "learn" from the state media that one can branch off from the federal government like this using the example of the LPR, DPR and Donbass. Those. Russia is thus undermining its own integrity. Leave them alone, let them negotiate, fulfill the Minsk agreements, make peace. The media and diplomats must reconcile the two states. Ukraine will not be admitted to NATO, whatever the Ukrainians say there, Russian officials should not be irritated about this.
Ukrainian politicians are also engaged in dangerous populism - all this talk about NATO, the prohibition of the Russian language, the lack of human rights protection for Russian citizens and other ethnic minorities, the desire to return their territories with blood at any cost - this is unrealistic - first of all in Ukraine it means bad diplomats, like Russia, I think, for good diplomats is the main goal - peace, to prevent war, and then everything else. Well, what does Ukraine grimace like a blunt sheep if Russia has nuclear weapons? Do we, the whole world because of Russia and Ukraine, have to take off from nuclear weapons? Or how? Because of their smelly LPR, DPR and Donbass? Yes, let them choke, let these DPR, LPR and Donbass roll on all four sides, live on their own taxes - it will be very expensive and unprofitable for them. The main thing is to take care of ourselves and the lives of citizens. For all Ukrainian politicians, the main thing should be to Provide Peace. The Russians also want Peace.
The media that support populism are not professional, I am talking about the Ukrainian media first of all, because Populism means Unrealistic impossible wishes.
My personal opinion, here I may not be entirely right - when an armed conflict is planned, this is primarily a minus of the Diplomats, which means that the Diplomats and Experts on both sides are not good and humane enough, the Law Enforcers of both sides also work badly, because how to change the dictators impossible.
Most of the deputies in the Catalan parliament voted in favor of the resolution, which declares independence from Spain, according to the Spanish newspaper El Pais.
72 deputies were in favor, 10 were against, two abstained. The remaining 135 MPs boycotted the vote. The representatives of the people's, socialist workers' and civil parties left the plenary session.
"We are founding the Catalan Republic as an independent and sovereign country under the rule of law," the text of the resolution says. The text includes a declaration of independence, which was signed by the President of Catalonia, Carles Puigdemont on October 10.
"I call on all Spaniards to calm. The rule of law will restore order in Catalonia," Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy responded to this decision in his Twitter.
This morning, he argued in the upper house for the application of article 155 of the constitution, arguing that this is an "exceptional situation", which is not directed against Catalonia, but to prevent violations of the law.
In his speech, as reported by La Vanguardia, he called what is happening in Catalonia "the biggest mockery of democracy, apart from the coup d'etat of 1981".
The Spanish Senate, less than an hour after the declaration of independence by the Parliament of Catalonia, considered and approved a resolution on the application of Article 155, which will enter into force the next day.
Catalan President Carles Puigdemont previously asked parliament to think about how to respond to plans to establish control over the northeastern region.
The 155th article of the Spanish constitution states that if “the autonomous community does not fulfill the obligations imposed by the constitution or other laws, or its actions seriously damage the interests of Spain, the government will make a preliminary request to the president of the autonomous community and, if it is ignored, with the approval of an absolute majority, the Senate may take the necessary measures to compel the latter to fulfill these obligations or to protect the said interests. " It says that in order to implement these measures, the government can issue instructions to all authorities of the autonomous communities. Since 1978, when the constitution was adopted, which consolidated democratic rule in the country after the fall of the Franco regime, this article has not been applied until now.
In Catalonia on October 1, a referendum was held on the withdrawal of autonomy from Spain. 2.26 of the 5.31 million Catalans eligible to vote took part in the popular vote.
On October 10, the head of Catalonia, Carles Puigdemont, called on the Catalan parliament to postpone the declaration of the region's independence, but on the same day a corresponding declaration of independence was signed, which was signed by the head of the autonomy himself.
After that, the Spanish authorities demanded that the Catalan government give a formal answer before 10:00 on October 16, whether the region declares independence or not. Puigdemont instead announced in a letter to Rahoy that the declaration of independence had been suspended and called for dialogue. Madrid refused to negotiate and put forward a new ultimatum - until 10:00 on October 19.
When the term expired, the country's government demanded that Carles Puigdemont put an end to the question of whether Catalonia declared independence or not.
Monitoring department
Info Chechen
“The people's hour has come. We reject the state and the Catalan oligarchs, ”said Catalan MP Carlos Riera after he and his colleagues in Barcelona declared the autonomous region's independence.
“We want an open republic, we want to tenderly hug those who want a better world for everyone, regardless of their origin. We took this step with our heads held high and not on our knees. Like free people without fear, he said. - Today is a lucky day. Glory to Catalonia! "
After the parliament decided on a sharp aggravation of relations with Madrid and declared Catalonia a separate state, the streets of Barcelona were jubilant. Thousands of people, many with tears in their eyes, praised the decision of the regional authorities and sang the local anthem.
The Catalan parliamentarians did the same after the vote. However, many deputies were not here: the factions that opposed independence did not come to the vote in protest.
“I ask all Spaniards to calm down. Our rule of law will restore legal order in Catalonia, ”the Spanish Prime Minister immediately responded on his Twitter account after news from Barcelona.
After about half an hour, the central authorities in Madrid took a step back. The Senate approved the use of constitutional article 155, which refers to the threat to state unity, thereby endowing Rahoy with emergency powers.
The Spanish prime minister can now not only deprive Catalonia of its autonomous status and introduce federal control over these territories, but also authorize a military operation. It guarantees that Catalonia remains part of Spain.
In the meantime, Rajoy limited himself to a statement that the country's government had decided to dissolve the Parliament of Catalonia.
“We believe that it is urgent to listen to the citizens of Catalonia, to all of them, so that they can decide their future and no one can act contrary to the law on their behalf,” Rajoy stressed.
According to Irina Busygina, director of the Institute for International Studies, the Catalan decision narrows the field of political maneuver for Madrid. “From my point of view, the reasoning of Catalan politicians that Madrid goes against democracy and does not listen to the voice of the minority is pure populism. All this suggests that the term “democracy” can be used in different ways and everyone interprets it as best he can, ”says the interlocutor of Gazeta.Ru.
According to the expert, the democracy of Spain, like that of every European country, is based on the constitution. “And the unilateral decision of the Catalan authorities to declare independence is definitely an anti-constitutional step. Accordingly, Madrid has the right to use force, added Busygina. "Democracy does not prohibit tough measures, especially when basic democratic rules are violated."
According to the expert, the possibility for a compromise between Madrid and Catalonia remains - "but not with the current Catalan elite."
The day before, the head of Catalonia, Carles Puigdemont, refused to hold early elections in the region. “There are no guarantees that would justify holding the elections,” he said. Early elections to the Catalan parliament were considered an alternative to the declaration of independence of Catalonia from the central authorities of Spain.
Now Puigdemont and his colleagues are under threat not only of dismissal, but also of arrest for anti-constitutional actions.
“I am not Carles Puigdemont, and I cannot speak for him, but he voted for independence and, apparently, is quite aware of the possible consequences of his actions, including legal ones,” Luc Salellas, a member of the national secretariat, told Gazeta.Ru left-wing Catalan party CUP.
"I think Puigdemont - like other members of the Catalan parliament - are ready to face any scenario that may follow the declaration of independence."
Salellas recalled that the head has already tweeted about the inadmissibility of a military solution. “For nothing has changed. Spain remains the only negotiating partner for us, reads the text of the message. "I hope that the Spanish authorities will choose the strength of the arguments and refrain from the argument of strength."
“It is unlikely that Madrid will resort to the introduction of troops and, rather, will go to a dialogue - including with the participation of international mediators,” Salellas said.
“Now the police, controlled by Madrid, are on the streets of Barcelona, \u200b\u200bbut they do not play an active role in what is happening. All they do is just stand on the streets, ”added the Catalan politician.
MADRID, October 10 - RIA Novosti, Elena Shesternina.The Parliament of Catalonia will meet on Tuesday for a meeting that could result in a unilateral declaration of independence from Spain. However, this is just one of the possible scenarios.
Law
It became known last week that the Catalan parliament will meet to "discuss the results of the October 1 referendum." First, the "X hour" was set for October 9, then this session was canceled by the Spanish Constitutional Court. A few days later, a new date was announced - the head of the Generalitat (Catalan government) Carles Puigdemont will appear in parliament on October 10 at 18.00 (19.00 Moscow time). According to the official wording, to "inform about the current political situation."
The final results of the referendum were announced last Friday. According to the Generalitet, more than two million people voted for independence, 90.18% of the total number of voters. The turnout was 43.03% (2 million 286 thousand 217 people took part in the voting), while 5.3 million have the right to vote in the Autonomous Community. The final results were submitted to parliament.
There have been heated discussions in Spain in recent days about the wording "report on the results". According to the referendum law passed by the Catalan parliament on September 6 (the parties supporting independence have an absolute majority), the results assume a declaration of independence.
The third article of the law states that "the results of the referendum are legally binding." And the fourth article says that if more votes are cast for independence than against, the result will be the independence of Catalonia.
"To this end, the Parliament of Catalonia, two days after the announcement of the official data by the election commission, will hold another session to formally declare the independence of Catalonia, clarify the consequences and start the constituent process," the document says.
Agenda
However, even one of the most active supporters of the idea of \u200b\u200bindependence of Catalonia, Speaker of the Parliament Carme Forcadell did not answer the question whether independence would be declared at the meeting, adding that at the moment only the speech of the head of the Generalitat Carles Puigdemon appears on the agenda.
Puigdemont himself, on the Catalan TV3 program "30 minutes" on Sunday evening, promised to apply the referendum law. "The declaration of independence, which we do not call a" one-sided "declaration of independence, is provided for by the law on the referendum as an implementation of the results. We will apply what the law says," said the head of the Generalitat. This phrase, which appeared in the announcement of the program and was quoted by the world's leading media, was not included in the final version of the program that aired.
Meanwhile, the public organization "Catalan National Assembly" at exactly 18.00, that is, when Puigdemont's speech begins, calls the supporters of independence to a rally near the parliament building - "to support the announcement of the results of the referendum." This wording appears in the official press release.
Split
It is worth noting that a split occurred in the camp of the supporters of independence. The radical left-wing Candidacy for Popular Unity (CUP) party, which has only ten seats in the Catalan parliament, speaks of the declaration of independence as a settled issue. The party's spokesman Benet Salellas said on Monday that the Puigdemont government "cannot back down" in this situation, and if it does, "the roadmap adopted by parliamentary groups supporting independence will be activated." He assured that the CUP and the second separatist parliamentary coalition "Together for Yes" are working on a declaration of independence.
However, in the "Together for Yes" coalition, judging by the various statements of the deputies, there is no unequivocal understanding of what exactly will happen on Tuesday evening and in what form the head of the Generalitat will announce the results.
MP from this coalition Martha Pascal said in an interview with the BBC that Puigdemont would confine herself to a "symbolic declaration" of independence, that is, she would recognize the validity of the results, but would not formally declare independence. True, the party tried to refute her statement, dumping all the blame on the journalists, who allegedly misinterpreted the deputy's words.
Another option was proposed by the MEP from the Catalan European Democratic Party Ramon Tremos - "Slovenian". That is, to declare independence unilaterally, then suspend it and negotiate with Madrid from this position. "The Catalan government could, for example, declare independence, suspend its real implementation for a while, waiting to sit down at the negotiating table without preconditions with the Spanish government to call an agreed referendum," he said in an interview with radio station Onda Vasca ...
The proponents of independence are currently split into two camps. As suggested by a RIA Novosti source in Madrid, in the first one supporting the idea of \u200b\u200ba unilateral declaration of independence - "The National Unity Candidacy", half of the "Left Republicans of Catalonia" party, the Omnium Cultural public organization, as well as Puigdemont himself. In the second, more moderate, - the Catalan European Democratic Party (PDCat), part of the "Left Republicans of Catalonia", the public organization "Catalan National Assembly", as well as the Deputy Prime Minister of Catalonia, Oriol Junqueras.
It is also unknown how exactly the parliament - if it decides to do so - will "proclaim independence." According to the law on referendum, voting is not required for this.
At the same time, in addition to the actual declaration of independence, other options are possible. For example, to adopt a declaration of intent, that is, a "postponed version" of the declaration of independence, or to adopt a "symbolic document".
Madrid reaction
Be that as it may, Madrid is not going to talk with the Catalan authorities under any "version of the declaration."
"Nothing can be built under the threat of blackmail. Therefore, it is absolutely unacceptable that they declare that the declaration of independence will enter into force the next day, or it will be a declaration of independence with a suspensive condition, final, postponed, in any form, which are now being discussed there." - said Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy in an interview with El País newspaper.
If the worst predictions prove to be true and the Catalan parliament in any form "declares independence", the government promises to "take any legal measures." At the same time, the country's leadership stubbornly refuses to answer the question of whether it is ready to apply Article 155 of the Constitution, which allows depriving the status of autonomy and re-subordinating to the central government - "if the autonomous community does not fulfill the obligations stipulated by the constitution or other laws, or its actions cause serious damage to the state interests of Spain ".
Confrontation between Madrid and BarcelonaThe Catalan authorities are planning to hold an independence referendum on October 1, which the Spanish government does not recognize. What is remarkable about one of the most famous regions of Spain and what the Catalans and Spaniards think about the upcoming vote on independence - see the website infographic Direct management: Madrid decided to dissolve the Parliament of CataloniaThe Spanish government on Friday evening approved measures to resolve the Catalan crisis: it was decided to dissolve the parliament of the autonomous community, which adopted a resolution on the independence of the region, to hold early elections in December and to dismiss the entire Catalan government (generalitet).
Earlier, the proposals of the Spanish government on the application of Article 155 of the Constitution were approved by the Senate.
Madrid's response
Following the meeting of the Cabinet of Ministers, Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy announced the dissolution of the Catalan parliament, which in the afternoon approved a resolution proclaiming the independence of the autonomous community. Early elections in the Autonomous Community will take place on December 21. "Catalonia needs to be reconciled really, within the law and with itself. Therefore, I decided to hold these free, clean and legal elections to restore democracy in the autonomous community," Rajoy said.
In addition, all members of the Generalité were dismissed, including the head of the Catalan government, Carles Puigdemont, his deputy Oriol Junqueras, and other advisers, the general director of the Catalan police Mossos dEsquadra Pere Soler and the secretary general of the interior of the Generalité César Puig were dismissed. The Spanish authorities will take over the management of the Generalité, and the relevant ministries will control the work of the Catalan councils.
All representations of the government of Catalonia abroad are closed, except for Brussels, but its leader has been removed from office. The representative of the Generalitat of Catalonia in Madrid was also removed from office. The Council for the Transitional Period was terminated, this advisory body was created by the Government of Catalonia with the aim of developing recommendations related to the declaration of independence.
In addition, the government will appeal to the Constitutional Court to invalidate the resolution passed by the Catalan parliament.
"This is not about abolishing self-government, interfering or not limiting it. It is about returning to normalcy as soon as possible," Rahoy said. The Spanish prime minister called Friday "a sad day", but assured that "the right-wing state has the tools to defend the rule of law."
International reaction
The leading countries of the world fully supported Madrid in connection with the declaration of independence by the Catalan parliament. US State Department spokeswoman Heather Nauert said that Catalonia is an integral part of Spain, and Washington supports the constitutional measures of the Madrid government to preserve the country's unity. The White House made a similar statement. "We repeat the words of the Department of State: we confirm that we support a united Spain," - said the press secretary of the US President Sarah Sanders.
The spokesman for the British Prime Minister Theresa May said that the UK does not recognize and will not recognize in the future a unilateral resolution on the independence of Catalonia.
Russian Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova said that "Moscow's position on the Catalonia issue remains unchanged and consistent" and it "has not changed." Earlier, the Russian Foreign Ministry stated that, guided by the fundamental principles of international law, it considers the events in Catalonia as an internal affair of Spain. Moscow also expressed the hope that the situation would be resolved through dialogue strictly within the framework of Spanish legislation "in the interests of a united and prosperous Spain, while respecting the guarantees of the rights and freedoms of all citizens of this country."
The head of the European Parliament, Antonio Tajani, is sure that no one in the European Union recognizes the declaration of the Catalan parliament on independence, which violates the Spanish constitution and the legal framework of the EU.
German Foreign Minister Sigmar Gabriel said that Germany does not recognize the unilateral declaration of independence, and that only negotiations under the Spanish constitution between Madrid and Barcelona will lead to a resolution of the crisis.
French Foreign Minister Jean-Yves Le Drian, who recently visited Madrid, admitted that "he is following the situation with concern." "We have only one interlocutor - this is the government in Madrid," said the head of the French Foreign Ministry on Friday.
Rallies in Barcelona
Meanwhile, in Barcelona itself in the evening, rallies were held, both in support of the "proclamation of independence" and supporters of the preservation of Catalonia as part of Spain.
According to the city police, 17,000 people took part in the rally-concert in front of the Generalitat building on the Place de Sant Jaume.
The rally of supporters of a united Spain was less numerous, but a large demonstration against the actions of the Catalan authorities is scheduled for Sunday.
