ORIGIN From “The Tale of Bygone Years”: Olga was born in the Pskov region, she was not of noble family, Varangian. This is also confirmed by her name “Olga”. Bulgarian historians also put forward a version about Olga’s Bulgarian roots, relying on the fact that the ancient Slavic transcription of the city of Pskov and the Bulgarian city of Pleskov coincided, but this has already fallen out of use. The later Piskarevsky chronicler reports a rumor that she was the daughter of Prophetic Oleg, the curator of Prince Igor, who later became her husband.
BEGINNING OF RULE In 945, Igor died from the Drevlyans while taking tribute from them. Svyatoslav was only three years old and Olga from that time became the recognized ruler of Rus'. Olga ruled the state from
REVENGE OF THE DREVLYANS After the death of Igor, Olga took revenge on the Drevlyans, as required by pagan customs. 1st revenge of Princess Olga: the matchmakers, 20 Drevlyans, arrived in a boat, which the Kievans carried and threw into a deep hole in the courtyard of Olga’s tower. The matchmaker-ambassadors were buried alive along with the boat.
REVENGE OF THE DREVLYANES 2nd revenge: Olga asked, out of respect, to send her new ambassadors from the best husbands, which the Drevlyans willingly did. An embassy of noble Drevlyans was burned in a bathhouse while they were washing themselves in preparation for a meeting with the princess. 3rd revenge: The princess with a small retinue came to the lands of the Drevlyans to, according to custom, celebrate a funeral feast at her husband’s grave. Having drunk the Drevlyans during the funeral feast, Olga ordered them to be chopped down. The chronicle reports 5 thousand Drevlyans killed.
REVENGE OF THE DREVLYANES 4th revenge: In 946, Olga went with an army on a campaign against the Drevlyans. She unsuccessfully tried to besiege the city during the summer, and won the battle with the help of birds, to which she ordered incendiary devices to be tied. Some of the defenders of Iskorosten were killed, the rest submitted.
TAX REFORM 946: Firstly, the “polyudye” or “circling” of the Kyiv prince and his retinue in the subject territories was abolished. “Lessons” were established - clear amounts of tribute, which were collected once a year in food, furs, and various products from lands that became volosts, then county principalities. Secondly, special places were designated for collecting tribute - “cemeteries”. They were also used for local trade, and near large cities, on the banks of large rivers and for foreign trade. Thirdly, people were identified to collect tribute at the churchyards of the “tiuna” as representatives of the princely administration.
OLGA'S REIGN In 947, Olga established quitrents and tributes on her land, created a system of graveyards - centers of trade and exchange, in which taxes were collected in a more orderly manner; Then they began to build churches in graveyards. She established the exact amount of tribute collected in favor of Kyiv. The lands subject to Kyiv were divided into administrative units, in each of which a princely administrator was appointed. Princess Olga laid the foundation for stone urban planning in Rus'.
OLGA'S BAPTISM According to the PVL in Constantinople, in 955 Olga's baptism was carried out. According to Byzantine chronicles, Olga was baptized during her second visit to Constantinople, September 18, 957 by Romanos II. In 969, Olga was buried in the ground according to Christian custom. During the reign of Vladimir, her grandson, Olga began to be revered as a saint, and in 1547 she was canonized as an Equal-to-the-Apostles saint.
Duchess Olga
The work was carried out by a 3rd grade student of the municipal educational institution "Secondary school in the village of Novorepnoye"
Duchess Olga. V. M. Vasnetsov
Only the brightest personalities remain in the people's memory, only the chronicles tell about them. But even among the chronicle stories, the story of the life and deeds of Princess Olga stands out.
Origin of Princess Olga
Three versions:
- Olga was a peasant woman from near Pskov;
- Olga is a native of the noble Novgorod family of Gostomysl;
- Olga is of Varangian origin, the daughter of a Varangian from the squad of Prince Oleg (name Olga - Helga)
Olga's marriage
The first meeting of Prince Igor with Olga. Artist Vasily Kondratyevich Sazonov
Collecting tribute - polyudye
Old Russian polyudye - a circular detour by the prince, accompanied by a squad of his possessions, to collect tribute. Walking around communities and tribes, the prince fed himself and fed his squad. Polyudye gave the prince tribute in goods: furs, wax, handicrafts.
Death of Prince Igor
According to the chronicle, in 945, Prince Igor died at the hands of the Drevlyans after repeatedly collecting tribute from them. The heir to the throne, Svyatoslav, was only 3 years old at the time, so Olga became the de facto ruler of Kievan Rus in 945.
Olga and squad
Igor’s squad submitted to Olga, recognizing her temporary exercise of authority.
Olga's meeting with the matchmakers
After the murder of Igor, the Drevlyans sent matchmakers to his widow Olga to invite her to marry their prince Mal. The Old Russian chronicler describes in detail Olga's revenge for the death of her husband.
Princess Olga's Revenge
1st revenge of Princess Olga:
The matchmakers, 20 Drevlyans, arrived in a boat, which the Kievans carried and threw into a deep hole in the courtyard of Olga's tower. The matchmaker-ambassadors were buried alive along with the boat.
And, bending towards the pit, Olga asked them: “Is honor good for you?” They answered: “Igor’s death is worse for us.” And she ordered them to be buried alive; and covered them.
Princess Olga's Revenge
2nd revenge: Olga asked, as a sign of respect, to send new ambassadors from the best men to her, which the Drevlyans willingly did. An embassy of noble Drevlyans was burned in a bathhouse while they were washing themselves in preparation for a meeting with the princess.
Princess Olga's Revenge
3rd revenge: The princess with a small retinue came to the lands of the Drevlyans to celebrate a funeral feast at her husband’s grave, according to custom. Having drunk the Drevlyans during the funeral feast, Olga ordered them to be chopped down. The chronicle reports 5 thousand Drevlyans killed.
Princess Olga's Revenge
4th revenge: In 946, Olga went with an army on a campaign against the Drevlyans. After an unsuccessful siege of the capital city of Iskorosten during the summer, Olga burned the city with the help of pigeons and sparrows, to whose feet she ordered lit tow with sulfur to be tied. Some of the defenders of Iskorosten were killed, the rest submitted.
Domestic policy of Princess Olga
After the massacre of the Drevlyans, Olga began to rule Kievan Rus until her son Svyatoslav came of age.
Tax reform 946:
Firstly, “polyudye” or “circling” was cancelled. “Lessons” were established - clear amounts of tribute, which were collected once a year in food, furs, and various products. Secondly, Special places were designated for collecting tribute - “cemeteries”.
Third, people were appointed to collect tribute at churchyards - “tiuns” as representatives of the princely administration.
- 957 - Princess Olga's trip to Constantinople. Purpose of the trip: to show that times of turmoil did not shake the strength of Rus'.
- Olga understood that further strengthening of the state was impossible without the adoption of Christianity. But she also understood the power of paganism and people’s commitment to it. Therefore, she first decided to be baptized herself and thereby set an example for others.
Honorary baptism of Princess Olga in 957
Princess Olga organized her baptism
1. She was baptized in the Church of Hagia Sophia - in the main temple of Byzantium. 2. The Byzantine emperor became her godfather. 3.Olga received the name Elena at baptism in honor of the mother of Emperor Constantine. 4. Olga was baptized by the Patriarch of Constantinople himself.
- After returning to Kyiv, Olga tried to persuade her son Svyatoslav to Christianity. But he, like his entire squad, worshiped Perun and refused her. Alienation began between mother and son...
Canonization of Olga
Olga is the first Russian saint. It is from her in Rus' officially Orthodoxy has gone. Before her death, she forbade her son to celebrate a funeral feast for her, a pagan burial rite.
Prepared by: Olga Vashchenko,
student of 10th grade.
Slide 2
Origin
- From “The Tale of Bygone Years”: Olga was born in the Pskov region, she was not of noble family, Varangian. This is also confirmed by her name “Olga”.
- Bulgarian historians also put forward a version about Olga’s Bulgarian roots, relying on the fact that the ancient Slavic transcription of the city of Pskov and the Bulgarian city of Pleskov coincided, but this has already fallen out of use.
- The later Piskarevsky chronicler reports a rumor that she was the daughter of Prophetic Oleg, the curator of Prince Igor, who later became her husband.
Slide 3
Olga's marriage
According to the writings of PVL, Olga and Igor got married in 903, but this is very unlikely, since their son, Svyatoslav, was born in 942. After the wedding, Olga’s name was mentioned in chronologies only 40 years later.
Slide 4
The legend of acquaintance
The prince hunted in those places. While crossing the river by boat, he noticed that the carrier was a young girl dressed in men's clothing. Igor immediately “flared with desire” and began to pester her, but received a worthy rebuke in response: “Why do you embarrass me, prince, with immodest words? I may be young and humble, and alone here, but know: it is better for me to throw myself into the river than to endure reproach.” Igor remembered about the chance acquaintance when the time came to look for a bride, and sent Oleg for the girl he loved, not wanting any other wife.
Slide 5
Beginning of reign
- In 945, Igor died from the Drevlyans while taking tribute from them. Svyatoslav was only three years old and Olga from that time became the recognized ruler of Rus'.
- Olga ruled the state from 945-957.
Slide 6
Revenge on the Drevlyans
- After Igor's death, Olga took revenge on the Drevlyans, as required by pagan customs.
- 1st revenge of Princess Olga: the matchmakers, 20 Drevlyans, arrived in a boat, which the Kievans carried and threw into a deep hole in the courtyard of Olga’s tower. The matchmaker-ambassadors were buried alive along with the boat.
Slide 7
Revenge on the Drevlyans
- 2nd revenge: Olga asked, out of respect, to send new ambassadors from the best men to her, which the Drevlyans willingly did. An embassy of noble Drevlyans was burned in a bathhouse while they were washing themselves in preparation for a meeting with the princess.
- 3rd revenge: The princess with a small retinue came to the lands of the Drevlyans to, according to custom, celebrate a funeral feast at her husband’s grave. Having drunk the Drevlyans during the funeral feast, Olga ordered them to be chopped down. The chronicle reports 5 thousand Drevlyans killed.
Slide 8
Revenge on the Drevlyans
4th revenge: In 946, Olga went with an army on a campaign against the Drevlyans. She unsuccessfully tried to besiege the city during the summer, and won the battle with the help of birds, to which she ordered incendiary devices to be tied. Some of the defenders of Iskorosten were killed, the rest submitted.
Slide 9
Olga's reign
- In 947, Olga established quitrents and tribute on her land, created a system of graveyards - centers of trade and exchange, in which taxes were collected in a more orderly manner; Then they began to build churches in graveyards. She established the exact amount of tribute collected in favor of Kyiv.
- The lands subject to Kyiv were divided into administrative units, in each of which a princely administrator was appointed
- Princess Olga laid the foundation for stone urban planning in Rus'.
Slide 10
Olga's baptism
- According to the PVL in Constantinople, Olga’s baptism was carried out in 955.
- According to Byzantine chronicles, Olga was baptized during her second visit to Constantinople, September 18, 957 by Romanos II.
- In 969, Olga was buried in the ground according to Christian custom.
- During the reign of Vladimir, her grandson, Olga began to be revered as a saint, and in 1547 she was canonized as an Equal-to-the-Apostles saint.
Slide 11
Results of the board
Tradition called Olga Cunning, the Church Holy, History Wise. Having taken revenge on the Drevlyans, she knew how to maintain silence in her country and, with the activities of her great husband, established order in a vast and new state; perhaps she did not write laws, but she gave statutes, the simplest and most necessary. Created a tax system. Before the time of the Olgins, the Grand Dukes fought, and she ruled the state. Confident in her wisdom, Svyatoslav, even in his manly years, left her, it seems, internal rule, constantly engaged in wars that removed him from the capital. - Under Olga, Russia became famous in the most remote countries of Europe. Having become a zealous Christian, Olga - in the words of Nestor, the star and moon of salvation - served as a convincing example for her grandson Vladimir and prepared the triumph of the true faith in our Fatherland.
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According to Yu. Dyba, the chronicle phrase “and leave for revenge. graveyards and tribute. and in the pocket of the churchyard and tribute and ѡbroki", placed in the continuation of the chronicle description of Olga’s revenge on the Drevlyans (“by venge” - literally “by vengeance”), reflects the realities of the route of Princess Olga’s campaign after the Drevlyan revenge further to the west, to the right tributary of the Western Bug - R. Luga, and testifies to the incorporation of Volyn by Kiev. The conquest of the Drevlyansky land and Volyn opened up prospects for Kiev to control two important international trade routes. One of them, a land route, called “from the Germans to the Khazars,” connected Volga Bulgaria through Kyiv, Krakow and Prague with Regensburg and the markets for Russian goods in the Bavarian Danube. According to Yu. Dyba, the chronicle phrase “and leave for revenge. graveyards and tribute. and in the pocket of the churchyard and tribute and ѡbroki", placed in the continuation of the chronicle description of Olga’s revenge on the Drevlyans (“by venge” - literally “by vengeance”), reflects the realities of the route of Princess Olga’s campaign after the Drevlyan revenge further to the west, to the right tributary of the Western Bug - R. Luga, and testifies to the incorporation of Volyn by Kiev. The conquest of the Drevlyansky land and Volyn opened up prospects for Kiev to control two important international trade routes. One of them, a land route, called “from the Germans to the Khazars,” connected Volga Bulgaria through Kyiv, Krakow and Prague with Regensburg and the markets for Russian goods in the Bavarian Danube.
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Thus, in 959 Olga, baptized Helen, was officially considered the ruler of Rus'. The remains of a 10th century rotunda, discovered by archaeologists within the so-called “city of Kiya,” are considered material evidence of the presence of Adalbert’s mission in Kyiv. Thus, in 959 Olga, baptized Helen, was officially considered the ruler of Rus'. The remains of a 10th century rotunda, discovered by archaeologists within the so-called “city of Kiya,” are considered material evidence of the presence of Adalbert’s mission in Kyiv. The convinced pagan Svyatoslav Igorevich turned 18 in 960, and the mission sent by Otto I to Kyiv failed, as the Continuer of Reginon reports:
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Presentation on the topic: “Princess Olga” Prepared by: Olga Vashchenko, student of grade 10b. Origin From “The Tale of Bygone Years”: Olga was born in the Pskov region, she was not of noble family, Varangian. This is also confirmed by her name “Olga”. Bulgarian historians also put forward a version about Olga’s Bulgarian roots, relying on the fact that the ancient Slavic transcription of the city of Pskov and the Bulgarian city of Pleskov coincided, but this has already fallen out of use. The later Piskarevsky chronicler reports a rumor that she was the daughter of Prophetic Oleg, the curator of Prince Igor, who later became her husband. Olga's marriage According to the PVL scripture, Olga and Igor got married in 903, but this is very unlikely, since their son, Svyatoslav, was born in 942. After the wedding, Olga's name was mentioned in chronologies only 40 years later. The legend of the acquaintance The prince was hunting in those places. While crossing the river by boat, he noticed that the carrier was a young girl dressed in men's clothing. Igor immediately “flared with desire” and began to pester her, but received a worthy rebuke in response: “Why do you embarrass me, prince, with immodest words? I may be young and humble, and alone here, but know: it is better for me to throw myself into the river than to endure reproach.” Igor remembered about the chance acquaintance when the time came to look for a bride, and sent Oleg for the girl he loved, not wanting any other wife. Beginning of the reign In 945, Igor died from the Drevlyans while taking tribute from them. Svyatoslav was only three years old and Olga from that time became the recognized ruler of Rus'. Olga ruled the state from 945-957. Revenge on the Drevlyans After the death of Igor, Olga took revenge on the Drevlyans, as required by pagan customs. 1st revenge of Princess Olga: the matchmakers, 20 Drevlyans, arrived in a boat, which the Kievans carried and threw into a deep hole in the courtyard of Olga’s tower. The matchmaker-ambassadors were buried alive along with the boat. Revenge on the Drevlyans 2nd revenge: Olga asked, out of respect, to send new ambassadors from the best men to her, which the Drevlyans willingly did. An embassy of noble Drevlyans was burned in a bathhouse while they were washing themselves in preparation for a meeting with the princess. 3rd revenge: The princess with a small retinue came to the lands of the Drevlyans to, according to custom, celebrate a funeral feast at her husband’s grave. Having drunk the Drevlyans during the funeral feast, Olga ordered them to be chopped down. The chronicle reports 5 thousand Drevlyans killed. Revenge on the Drevlyans 4th revenge: In 946, Olga went with an army on a campaign against the Drevlyans. She unsuccessfully tried to besiege the city during the summer, and won the battle with the help of birds, to which she ordered incendiary devices to be tied. Some of the defenders of Iskorosten were killed, the rest submitted. Olga's reign In 947, Olga established quitrents and tribute on her land, created a system of graveyards - centers of trade and exchange, in which taxes were collected in a more orderly manner; Then they began to build churches in graveyards. She established the exact amount of tribute collected in favor of Kyiv. The lands subject to Kyiv were divided into administrative units, in each of which a princely administrator was appointed. Princess Olga laid the foundation for stone urban planning in Rus'. Olga's baptism According to the PVL in Constantinople, in 955 Olga's baptism was carried out. According to Byzantine chronicles, Olga was baptized during her second visit to Constantinople, September 18, 957 by Romanos II. In 969, Olga was buried in the ground according to Christian custom. During the reign of Vladimir, her grandson, Olga began to be revered as a saint, and in 1547 she was canonized as an Equal-to-the-Apostles saint. Results of the reign Tradition called Olga Cunning, the Church Holy, History Wise. Having taken revenge on the Drevlyans, she knew how to maintain silence in her country and, with the activities of her great husband, established order in a vast and new state; perhaps she did not write laws, but she gave statutes, the simplest and most necessary. Created a tax system. Before the time of the Olgins, the Grand Dukes fought, and she ruled the state. Confident in her wisdom, Svyatoslav, even in his manly years, left her, it seems, internal rule, constantly engaged in wars that removed him from the capital. - Under Olga, Russia became famous in the most remote countries of Europe. Having become a zealous Christian, Olga - in the words of Nestor, the star and moon of salvation - served as a convincing example for her grandson Vladimir and prepared the triumph of the true faith in our Fatherland.
