Quiz on computer science “Journey to the country of Computerra” in a professional lyceum
Description of work:
This material will be useful for computer science teachers who want to hold an interesting event in their subject. The age of the students is 1st year of vocational lyceum, which corresponds to the 10th grade of the school, however, some of the tasks can be used in grades 7 - 9. The presented tasks can also be used during a lesson on the subject, or included in test papers on relevant topics in a computer science and ICT course.
Computer Science Quiz “Journey to the Country of Computerra”
Goals and objectives of the lesson:
· consolidation of knowledge in the subject of computer science and ICT;
· development of logical and mathematical thinking;
· development of memory, attention, thinking functions (analysis, synthesis, comparison, classification),
· development of ideas about information activities.
· formation of cognitive interest of students;
· formation of personal communicative qualities;
· fostering seriousness, independence, responsibility and accuracy.
Material and technical equipment
· Presentation for the lesson and a set of presentation equipment.
· Handouts for competitions.
Quiz progress
Dear guys, today we have an unusual lesson - a quiz.
You know that all human life and activity is directly related to information processing. As the philosopher Francis Bacon said, “He who owns the information owns the world.”
You and I are witnessing a most interesting stage in the development of modern society - the process of informatization - the fifth information revolution. A person lives in the information space, and he himself is part of it. A computer is an indispensable human assistant when working with information of various types and properties.
Since ancient times, there has been the concept of “terra incognita” - an unexplored secret land. I hope that our Computer - the territory of computer science and computer technology has ceased to be so unknown for you, you have learned a lot, it's time to test your knowledge
Two teams take part in the game, and we will start with a warm-up.
1 competition - “Warm-up - questions from a computer mouse.”
1. Who is the developer of the first computer mouse? (developer of the mouse manipulator - Douglas Engelbart)
2. What material was its body made of? (made of wood).
3. What is the name of the device that replaces the mouse on a laptop? (touchpad).
4. An icon that moves around the screen following the movement of the mouse (cursor).
5. Which of these drivers does not exist:
a) mouse driver,
b) driver for mouse pad,
c) keyboard driver?
(there is no option b))
2nd competition - “Important dates from the history of computer science”
Both teams are given a table in which they must connect the corresponding elements with arrows.
Match events from the history of computer science with the following dates:
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Dates |
Events |
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1) On this day, a domain - .Ru - was registered for Russia, which was entered into the international database of national top-level domains. |
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2) Birthday of Russian computer science. On this day, the State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR registered under the number 10475 the invention of I. S. Bruk and B. I. Rameev - a digital electronic computer. |
|
|
3) The President of Russia signed Decree No. 1034, which established a new official professional holiday in Russia - Programmer's Day. |
|
|
4) It was on this day that the first really working electronic computer ENIAC I (Electrical Numerical Integrator And Calculator) was demonstrated. |
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|
5) Our country has adopted RF Law N 3523-1 Law on the Protection of Programs and Databases, which provides for strict penalties for unauthorized copying of software. |
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6) World Information Day is celebrated |
Answer: A) - 3); B) - 1); AT 4); D) - 6); D 2); E) - 5) .
3 competition - “Full set”.
The famous Dutch scientist, one of the authors of the concept of structured programming, Edsger Dijkstra once said: “Computer science is no more the science of computers than astronomy is the science of telescopes.” However, the equipment of a modern computer is so diverse that a modern person simply needs to have an idea of how to choose the optimal computerized workstation to solve his problems.
But first, the question is - what principle allows us to connect additional external devices? (the principle of open computer architecture).
The teams are offered the following task. Within a minute, write down as many names as possible of external devices connected to a modern computer. Then the team representatives take turns calling them, and whoever has the last word will win this competition.
The losing team in this competition is given the opportunity to earn 1 point by demonstrating how to connect speakers (or a keyboard and mouse) to the computer system unit.
4th competition - “Information is lost”
Both teams are given appropriate handouts.
During the transmission of information, it was partially lost due to interference in the communication channel. By the way, what are such interferences called in communication theory? (the answer is “noise”).
Your task is to recover lost information.
Fill in the missing words:
1. A computer is 1) ________________ electronic device, which includes a complex of 2) ______________ and 3) ______________ means.
(answer: A computer is a universal electronic device that includes a set of hardware and software).
2. Windows OS is an operating system with 1) __________________ interface, providing 2) __________________ and multi-threaded processing 3) ________________ (programs).
(answer: Windows OS is a graphical interface operating system that provides multitasking and multithreaded processing of applications (programs)).
3. The principle of operation of anti-virus programs is based on checking 1) ____________, boot sectors 2) ________________ and 3) ________________ memory and searching for known and new malicious programs in them.
(answer: The operating principle of anti-virus programs is based on checking files, boot sectors of disks and RAM and searching for known and new malicious programs in them).
Competition 5 - “Fun Question”
1. A unit of information about which it is absolutely reliably known that it consists of 8 smaller units (bytes).
2. Workspace on a computer, which in the plural gave the name to one of the world's popular operating systems (window - and the Windiws operating system)
3. A collection of bytes bearing some proud name, having an extension and containing invaluable information (file).
4. The remaining characters call it “invisible” (space).
5. Video, maternal and sound... What is this? (pay).
6. On the Internet this is not a house, or a street, or even the Soviet Union. Usually contains a special animal - a dog (address).
7. This logical function takes the value 1 if you tell the truth, the whole truth, nothing but the truth (logical AND function).
8. Previously, this was the name of the warehouse where vegetables were stored, but now organized data (database) is stored here.
"Informal definitions"
1. Computer “handwriting” (font).
2. No matter how much you remember, you will still forget. What is this? (password).
3. The “brain” of the computer (processor).
Competition 6 - “Solve the problem”
Competition 7 - “Fill in the blanks in the diagram”
Both teams are given the appropriate handout - a classification scheme on the topic “Objects of a text document”.
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8th competition - “Informatics in the profession”.
We already know that computer science is a science that studies methods of representing, accumulating, transmitting and processing information (information processes) using a computer. Based on this definition, computer science is both a science and a field of practical human activity. So how can you apply computer science tools and methods in your future profession?
The teams are preparing several examples of such applications.
(For example, the main areas of application of computer science in the profession of a cook:
· Search and selection of professional information (recipes, equipment, labor protection).
· Storage of professional information.
· Numerical calculations (costing of food and drinks).
· Work with cash register equipment.
Conclusion:
So, the tools and methods of computer science make it possible to make the work of almost any employee more efficient in the case when it is necessary to carry out certain information processes (such as collection, selection, storage, transmission and processing) with professional information.
9th competition - “Familiar faces” - famous scientists who worked in the field of computer science.
Portraits of scientists are shown on the screen, and team members must determine which of the scientists is depicted in the proposed portrait (examples of such information and portraits of scientists can be found on my personal website on the “Informatics in Persons” page - http://mtdinfo.16mb.com/ znuchenie.html Source of information: methodological newspaper "Informatics" No. 12/2006).
The jury's word.
Summing up the game.
Life does not stand still, and what seems impossible to us today will very soon become our everyday reality. The computer country, the country of information and computer science is the information space surrounding each of us in which modern people live, study and work.
I would like to end our quiz with the words of Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy.
“The memory of years of learning lives inextricably with a person and, unnoticed by him, illuminates and guides his steps throughout his entire life.”
We already live in the 21st century, but these words still have not lost their relevance. And I hope that the information obtained in this quiz will help you both in your further studies and in your professional activities.
Literature:
1. Semakin I.G., Henner E.K. “Informatics and ICT. A basic level of. Textbook for grades 10-11." 8th ed. - M. Bean,: 2012. - 246 p.
2. Ugrinovich N., Bosova L., Mikhailova N. “Workshop on computer science and information technologies” M.: Binom, 2002. -214 p.
3. Shelepaeva A.Kh. “Lesson-based developments in computer science. Manual for 10-11 grades. secondary school" - M.: "Vako", 2008. -325 p.
4. Methodical newspaper "Informatics" No. 12 for 2006.
Purpose of the event: expanding the sphere of interests and horizons of students, deepening knowledge, intensifying activity and attention, revealing the analytical abilities of students.
Objectives of the event: repeat the basic concepts and definitions of computer science, algebra of logic and methods for solving logical problems.
Well: 1 (after 11th grade) and 2.
Groups: T-21, TO-21, TO-22, E-22, DTO-11.
Equipment: projector, interactive presentation, cardboard chips with points, paper, pens, table for summing up results.
Event plan
Introductory speech by the teacher.
Conducting a quiz.
Final words from the teacher.
Progress of the event
Introductory speech by the teacher
Hello, dear students! As you probably already know, this week we started a decade of math and science subjects at our college. Perhaps some of you have already taken part in Olympiads and competitions. And our event today - a quiz - will be dedicated to computer science.
So let's get started!
Today students from five groups are participating in the quiz. Allow me to introduce:
Group T-21: introduce students.
Group TO-21: introduce students.
Group TO-22: introduce students.
Group E-22: introduce students.
Group DTO-11: introduce students.
Our participants have already taken their places at the tables. I think you won't mind if I call each team by group number. Now let's get acquainted with the rules of today's quiz.
The quiz consists of three sections.
Crossword.
Puzzles.
Logic problems.
So, we got acquainted with the rules of the quiz and the participants. Let's support each other and start our quiz!
Conducting a quiz
Distribution of roles:
The presenter is a teacher. Manages the entire process.
5 teams of students. Compete in a quiz.
Quiz rules:
Answers are scored according to the degree of difficulty of the tasks (from 1 to 3).
The team that gives the first correct and complete answer receives the maximum number of points.
The correct answer is revealed only after all quiz participants have put forward their versions.
Shouts from the seat are not accepted. To answer, you must raise your hand. The first person to answer is the one who raised their hand first.
Points are given in the form of chips. Everyone has a group number on their table in a special “corner.” I will put your earned chips in this envelope. At the end of the quiz, we will count the number of points and determine the winners.
Quiz
Slides 1-27.
Questions for the crossword:
The outer shell of the system unit.
The "brain" of the computer.
A device for converting an analog signal into a digital signal and vice versa.
System…
A device or system capable of performing a given, well-defined, changeable sequence of operations, called a program.
An independent computer program or component of a software package designed to create and modify text data in general and text files in particular.
A set of chips designed to work together to perform a set of specified functions.
A text format that can be used to specify large and small letters in the text.
A program for viewing information on the Internet.
What the DBMS works with.
Closing remarks from the teacher
Well done! You did a great job! You and I not only remembered the material studied during the year and a half of your stay in college, but also “looked into” the school curriculum. Were you interested? (Students will most likely answer “yes.”) I'm glad! Do you think it was a useful experience for you? ("Yes"). This is very good!You can highlight those who actively responded.
Summing up results and issuing certificates.
Now let's calculate your points.Points are being counted. The data is entered into a special table. The winners are determined by place. Certificates are issued to teams.
We take a group photo for the story.
Thank you all for your participation and attention! Goodbye!
Sources:
G.A. Galchenko, O.N. Drozdov “Informatics for colleges” - Rostov n/d: Phoenix, 2017. – 380, p.: ill.
Round 1 task. Answer the test questions. 1. A person receives most of the information about the world around him with the help of: a) vision, b) hearing, c) computer, d) TV. 2. Modern computers cannot process: a) colors, b) tastes and smells, c) sounds, d) text information. 3. To enter data into a computer, you can use: a) a printer, b) a monitor, c) a keyboard, d) a floppy disk.
4. A universal device for processing various information: a) calculator, b) computer, c) monitor, d) brain. 5. A device that looks like a typewriter: a) printer, b) keyboard, c) system unit, d) mouse. 6. Is it true that the letters on the keyboard are arranged in alphabetical order? a) yes, b) no. 7. The stage of correcting errors and making changes to the document is called: a) typing, b) editing, c) printing, d) alignment. 8. A device for quickly moving around the screen: a) monitor, b) mouse, c) speakers, d) keyboard.
9. The most common storage medium: a) paper, b) floppy disk, c) laser disk, d) telephone. 10. A device for displaying information on paper: a) monitor, b) scanner, c) printer, d) disk drive. 11. A device similar to a TV: a) display, b) monitor, c) all of the above. 12. In ancient times, the following were used as information carriers: a) cassette, b) paper, c) floppy disk, d) parchment.
2. To find out the encrypted word, take only the first syllables from each given word: a) ear, company, tax; b) milk, spawning, cockroach; c) bark, lotto, boxer. 3. To find out the encrypted word, take only the last syllables from each given word: a) furniture, gun; b) straw, time, stranded; c) milk, relay, lasso.
4. Insertion code. To encrypt messages, someone inserts the letter a after each vowel letter, and the letter b after the consonant. Decipher the information: a) kboambpbyatbearb; b) dbiasbpblbeayb; c) kblbaavbiaaatbuarbaa; d) sbchbaasbtbyea bbeazb uambaa – dbyarbyaavbaayaa sbuambaa. 5. Each letter of the alphabet corresponds to its serial number. Decipher the following phrases: a) ; b)
Answers: 1. a) floppy disk, b) mouse, c) scanner, d) printer. 2. a) crown, b) coin, c) bun. 3. a) linen, b) caramel, c) wheel. 4. a) computer, b) display, c) keyboard, d) crazy happiness - a leaky bag. 5. a) from the clatter of hooves, dust flies across the field, b) a weaver is weaving fabrics for Tanya’s scarves.
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Slide captions:
Quiz Entertaining computer science
Solve the puzzles: Solve the puzzles:
Guess the mouse riddle
Guess the riddle display
Guess the riddle with the system
Guess the riddle keyboard
Guess the printer riddle
Do you believe? Do you believe that an old mechanical computing device, the adding machine, could multiply eight-digit numbers by four-digit numbers? Answer: Yes.
Name of one of the programming languages
Some words are suggested. It is necessary to rearrange their letters so that you get a word related to computer science and computers. For example, from the word “doc” you can get the word “code”, and from the word “needle” you can get “logic”. 1. Great 2. Grampore. 3. Wredair. 4. Danoper. 5. Laibotic. 6. Life. 7. Macro laughter. 8. Meldo. 9. Heat. 10. Tritabu. 11. Ortoclop.
What fell from the cart, then... Live for a century,... Alone in the field... Not knowing the ford,... The work of a master... When I eat,... Morning evening... The further into the forest, ... Continue the proverb, a century is lost, learn not to be a warrior, don’t go into the water, he’s afraid, deaf and dumb, the wiser the more firewood
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Questions: 1. Science that studies methods of storing, transmitting, and processing information. 2. Device for displaying graphic and text information. 3. A device for entering information from a sheet of paper or film. 4. Information carrier. 5. Device for displaying visual information. 6. Device for outputting audio information. 7. Device for entering graphic information. 8. Device for storing information. 9. A universal device for storing, processing, and transmitting information. 10. Device for processing information. (Answers: 1. Computer science. 2. Printer. 3. Scanner. 4. Disk. 5. Monitor. 6. Speakers. 7. Mouse. 8. Memory. 9. Computer. 10. Processor.) Solve the crossword puzzle
Thank you for your attention!!!
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Back forward
Attention! Slide previews are for informational purposes only and may not represent all the features of the presentation. If you are interested in this work, please download the full version.
The presentation opens in PowerPoint 2007.
Goal: developing interest in computer science, deepening knowledge in the subject, enhancing student activity.
Objectives: review the history of computer technology, including biographies of scientists and their discoveries.
Grade: 5–6.
Equipment: projector; interactive presentation (with macros).
Event plan
- Teacher's opening speech
- Conducting a quiz.
- The teacher's final word, summing up, evaluation.
Progress of the event
1. Introductory speech by the teacher.
Hello guys. As you probably already know, November 26 is World Information Day, which is held on the initiative of the International Academy of Informatization (IAI) and the World Information Parliament (WIP). By tradition, our school celebrates Informatics Week at this time, during which non-standard lessons, entertaining quizzes and competitions, and Olympiads await you.
The results of the Informatics Week will be summed up on December 4. This date is not accidental - on this day Informatics Day is celebrated in Russia. It was on December 4, 1948 that the State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR for the introduction of advanced technology into the national economy registered the invention of I. S. Brook and B. I. Rameev - a digital electronic computer - under number 10475. This is the first officially registered document concerning the development of computer technology in our country. This day is rightfully called the birthday of Russian computer science.
So, we begin our quiz “History of Computing” ( Slide 1).
2. Conducting a quiz.
Distribution of roles:
- Leading
Rules of the game:
- the first move is determined randomly by the computer;
- the move moves from one team to another only if the answer is incorrect;
- in the presentation, the team selecting the question is highlighted in red;
- The question number and answer option are accepted only from the team captain;
- The winner is the team with the most points.
Quiz ( Slide 3, Slides 4–39).
3. The teacher’s final speech, summing up, evaluation.
Appendix 1. Rules for working with the presentation (for PC operator).
- The presentation contains macros and ActiveX controls. For the presentation to work correctly, you must, firstly, enable this content, and, secondly, use only the controls intended for this purpose to exit the presentation.
- It is not recommended to interrupt the presentation using the ESC key. To interrupt the display of Slides, you can use the STOP sign (lower right corner).
- To navigate between Slides, use the controls located in the presentation.
- Questions 11 and 12 contain additional visual material that can be shown to students after the team has said their answer, but before it is selected on the screen.
Appendix 2. Sample questions and tasks.
1. What was the name of a desktop (or portable) mechanical computing machine designed for addition, subtraction, exact multiplication and division (see figure).
Rice. 1
- Pascalina
- Adding machine
2. In what years did the first computer (electronic computer) appear?
- In the 20s of the XX century
- In the 40s of the XX century
- In the 80s of the XX century
3. In what program can you edit the file? Song about the Christmas tree.jpg ?
- Text editor
- Graphics editor
- Music editor
The file type determines which application you use to edit a file. Looking at the file extension, it becomes clear that this file is a graphic file.
4. As a result of a computer failure in the first hours of 2000, visitors to one of the Internet pages found themselves in the distant future. What year did they see on the screen?
- 19 100
Oddly enough, many early programs used the 19xx format to display the date, where 19 was a fixed character set, and only the last two digits changed. Therefore, after 1999 came 19100.
5. In what year was the first personal computer, the IBM PC, released?
On August 12, 1981, IBM introduced the first personal computer model, the IBM 5150, which marked the beginning of the era of modern computers. It cost $1,565, was easy to use, and took up relatively little space. The IBM 5150 was equipped with an Intel 8088 processor with a clock speed of 4.77 megahertz and pre-installed RAM of 16 or 64 kilobytes. The first PC did not have a hard drive, and the disk drive was purchased separately.
6. What is this device for?
Rice. 2
- Generates electricity
- Performs arithmetic operations
- Cash register from a store from the 1930s.
This is one of the later models of the adding machine.
7. What does the word “computer” mean?
- Thinker
- Calculator
- Multiplier
8. Who is called the “father” of the computer?
- Charles Babbage (first half of the 19th century)
The principles for building a modern computer were developed back in 1822 by Charles Babbage in his Analytical Engine project, which was implemented by Howard Aiken more than 70 years later.
9. How is the volume of information measured?
- With clubs
- Washers
- Bits
Beat (English) binary digit – binary digit). Also a play on words: English. bit - A little(a bit in computer science means the smallest amount of information).
10. In 1963, Douglas Engelbart invented the device. What is this?
Rice. 3
- Hand scanner
- Joystick
11. Which computer device was erected a monument in Yekaterinburg on the embankment of the Iset River?
- System unit
- To the monitor
- Keyboard
12. Is this person considered the first programmer? Who is this?
- Ada Augusta Lovelace
Ada Augusta Byron, married Countess of Lovelace, was the only legitimate daughter of the poet George Byron. Having heard about the Analytical Engine being created, she visited the laboratory of Charles Babbage. The girl developed an interest in programming, which Ada then passionately passed on throughout her life. She came up with the idea to use the binary representation of numbers in memory; loops and subroutines. Unfortunately, during her lifetime she never saw in practice how her programs worked.
But Grace Hopper, who was born almost 100 years later than Ada Lovelace, succeeded. Grace Hopper worked on creating software for the Mark I computer. The Mark I - over one hundred cubic meters of sparkling metal - was an engineering marvel, it could perform up to three arithmetic operations per second and had a whopping 72 bytes of RAM!
Niklaus Wirth is a Swiss scientist, specialist in the field of computer science, one of the most famous theorists in the field of programming language development, professor of computer science
12. “Dad gave out gifts. Dad broke the wires. Dad’s harp has gone missing twice.” What can you learn by applying this information correctly?
- speak quickly
- type fast
- Read quickly
If you look at a standard keyboard, you will notice that the keys with these letters are located in the same row.
14. Which of these words can a person living in England type on a keyboard without Russian letters?
Instead of the capital letter “Z,” the number “3” is typed, which is visually not much different from the original.
15. Recently, a prototype of a new office chair was presented, equipped with a computer system that, among other things, can monitor the sitting posture. What can this chair do with a 96% probability?
- Determine who is sitting on it
16. What is this device?
Rice . 4
- Printer
- Plotter
- Scanner
Plotter is a device for printing large images - drawings, diagrams, posters, banners, etc.
17. The American “Computer Dictionary” says: “A computer is an electronic device that will not replace a person until it learns to laugh at the boss’s jokes and...” Continue the phrase...
- Hide your mistakes
- Ask a colleague for help
- Blame it on another computer
18. On the desktop of one of my friends’ computers there are funny captions for the icons. The inscription under one icon ends with the words “before eating.” What does this icon represent?
- Conductor
- My Documents
- My computer
Wash your hands (computer) before eating.
19. In the computer museum in the USA you can see the memory block of one of the first computers built in the 50s. Next to it is a modern microcircuit with the same amount of memory. Name the third subject of the exhibition.
- Microscope
20. Research carried out in London offices showed that on average, of the rubbish found inside these items, 15% was chips, 15% was sweets, 7% was pasta; 1% each – pencil shavings, insects, nails, hair. Where is all this located?
- In the waste paper basket
- In the keyboard
- In the system unit
21. Which note has the same name as the name of one of the programming languages?
22. A device for a computer that allows it to communicate with another computer, through a telephone or cable network?
- Trackball
- Telephone
- Modem
23. In what year did UNESCO officially register World Information Day?
- in 1994
24. The name of which of these scientists became the name of a programming language?
- Newton
- Einstein
- Pascal
Pascal was created by Niklaus Wirth in 1968–69. It received its name in honor of the outstanding French physicist, mathematician, philosopher and writer Blaise Pascal. Pascal is one of the most famous programming languages (it is quite possible that we will get acquainted with its later version in high school), it is widely used in teaching programming at school, and is the basis for a large number of other languages.
25. The first programs were recorded not on disks, but on punched cards. What is the difference between a punched card with information written on it and a blank punched card?
- Holes are punched
26. Without what device will the computer not work?
- Without processor
Indeed, without a processor, but why, when your mouse doesn’t work, do you shout: “My computer doesn’t work!”
27. The company opened a museum of the history of Microsoft. Among other exhibits, there is a red telephone hanging on the wall. When you pick up the phone, you will hear the voice of the most important person in the company. Who is this?
- Bill Gates
- Company directors
- Client
As with any company selling its products, the most important thing is the customer. No client - no profit, no profit - no business. When you pick up the phone, you can hear the client talking to the dispatcher.
28. What does the word in the rebus mean?
Rice. 5
- Control device
- Input device
- Output device
The word “display”, a synonym for the word “monitor,” is encrypted in the rebus. Therefore, it is an output device.
29. Who will “cure” the computer?
- Archiver
- Antivirus
- Programmer
30. At the beginning of the 21st century, the Eskimos became acquainted with an invention that was translated into their language as “ikiaqqivik” - “travel through layers.” What kind of invention is this?
- Photo Shop
- Internet
- Compact Disk
Initially, this word was used to describe the actions of a shaman, who “traveled” through time and space to find an answer to any question.
31. What program symbol is a penguin?
- Linux
32. Which memory device came first?
- Compact Disk
- USB Flash
- Floppy Disk
33. Which device is the odd one out on this list?
- Keyboard
- Scanner
- Monitor
Keyboard, scanner - input devices, monitor - output device.
34. In what year was the first hard drive invented, which took up space the size of a refrigerator?
When I came to work at our school in 1993, there were YAMAHA machines in the computer lab. All of them were connected to the network and loaded from a floppy disk. They didn't have a Winchester. A little later, an IBM class came to school, one of the computers had unheard of “wealth” - a 40 MB hard drive!
35. What size was the first hard drive, which took up space the size of a refrigerator?
- 4.4 Megabytes
It’s hard to believe now, but despite its large dimensions, the volume of the first hard drive was smaller than that of a regular CD now.
36. In 1984, flash memory was invented. In what country did this happen?
- Russia
- Japan
Sources.
The material was prepared based on information from open sources.
- Free encyclopedia Wikipedia. http://ru.wikipedia.org
- Base of questions "What? Where? When?" Computer questions. Selection by Konstantin Knop. http://db.chgk.info/tour/computer.
- Photos: http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmometer, http://arif-ru.narod.ru/hi/vk2.htm, http://www.cerncourier.com/main/article/40/ 10/24/1/cernbooks2_1200, http://www.rtkk.ru/cat/hp_designjet_1050c_plus
