In this article, we invite you to expand your vocabulary with words that will help you appear smarter in conversation.
TOP 50 smart words for an intellectual
It's always nice to talk to an intelligent person. We do not urge you to bore and embarrass everyone with your clever speeches. But sometimes it's helpful to use a smart word in conversation.
It is useful to expand your vocabulary with new words. This is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance. If you want to learn and learn smart words, we bring to your attention the top 50 smart words to remember.
Abstraction
This term means a person's thoughts when the focus of his attention is located from the third position of perception. In other words, when a person puts himself outside the situation, above the situation. You can also say that abstraction is a mental distraction. Abstraction Is a subject of abstraction.
Offer with fromfishing: Daria is a terrible bore, but a great specialist. If colleagues can abstract from her tediousness, they can work together.
Abulia
Abulia is synonymous with laziness. But this is not just classic laziness. Abulia - this is a complete lack of a person's will, desires, ability to make a decision. Doctors should work with abulia.
Sentence with word: If a person has abulia, then this is certainly and necessarily accompanied by indifference to the world around him.
Ambivalence
This is when one and the same phenomenon, object, person evokes ambivalent feelings. Splitting, duality of attitude towards something.
Sentence with word: Natalia has an unconscious ambivalence towards men - she is looking for a father and runs away from her stepfather.
Ambidextr
An ambidextrous person is a person who is good at both left and right hand at the same time. According to research, ambidextrous think quickly and make decisions. Congenital ambidexterity occurs in 1% of children. Among famous people, abidekstras were Leonardo do Vinci, Nikola Tesla.
Sentence with word: Very few people can use two hands equally well. Such people are called ambidextrous.
Who is abidextra?
Stateless
Stateless people are people without citizenship and without proof of their belonging to any state. Stateless you can become for several reasons:
- If the parents of a person became stateless, and the state in whose territory he was born does not give the right to citizenship to those born in this territory.
- The person was deprived of citizenship for political reasons.
- The person voluntarily renounced the citizenship of the country.
- If the state has ceased to exist.
Sentence with word: He was a stateless refugee and remained stateless for the rest of his life.
Apology
Excessive defense, prejudiced excuses, praising someone or something.
Sentence with word: You should not take my speech as an apology for slavery.
Binomial theorem
Initially binomial theorem - mathematical complex formula. But in common speech it is used as a designation for something simple, it couldn't be easier. For example, the phrase "I also have Newton's binomial!" means something very simple.
Sentence with word: For my classmates, this assignment is not a Newton binomial.
Voluntarism
The behavior of a person who is guided only by his own whims and does not consider other people at all. Word "voluntarism" can be used as an assessment of a person's actions that you personally do not like.
Sentence with word: “Nikolai drank all the cognac. This is real voluntarism! "
Gestalt
The effect of an unfinished action. For example, suppose you are in sales. You've had a lot of clients and the deal went well. But there was one whose deal was difficult and unsuccessful. In the first case, you do not remember the clients, but you will remember the last problem client. That's what it is gestalt.
Sentence with word: The sooner you finish this gestalt in a relationship, the sooner you can make a new acquaintance.
What is Gestalt? Grass
Grass - it means to speak in French, rolling the letter "r" loudly.
Sentence with word: His speech was accompanied by decisive gestures, moreover, he confidently grazed.
Deviant
Deviation from the norm. Speaking the word "Deviant" means a person who violates morality and norms of behavior. For example, he commits crimes, drinks excessively, and behaves pervertedly.
Sentence with word: Her deviant behavior was confusing.
Idiosyncrasy
This is when you hate something or someone, hate it.
Sentence with word: Julia from the HR department in relation to Sveta from the accounting department experiences a slight idiosyncrasy.
Hypochondria
A psychological disorder in which a person is constantly afraid to discover that he has a serious, fatal or intractable disease.
Sentence with word: You shouldn't cultivate hypochondria.
What is hypochondria? The cognitive dissonance
This is when a person's ideas about the current situation come into conflict in connection with previously formed ideas.
Imagine the situation, your colleague, whom you know as a modest and quiet person, is walking in the park. He does not see you, but you noticed him. And then you see that he shouts at his wife, behaves rudely and seems like a completely different person. Cognitive dissonance is happening within you.
Sentence with word: I would not like to cause cognitive dissonance among our readers.
Collaboration
The joint work of people or organizations to exchange experiences, to achieve a common goal. Cooperation. Don't be confused with collaboration.
Collaborationism - voluntary cooperation with the enemy in his interests.
Sentence with word: We were able to achieve this result in collaboration with our American partners.
Collision
Collision of opposing processes, forces, actions, interests.
Sentence with word: Let's leave all the collisions of our life in the past.
Congruence
Consistency of verbal and non-verbal gestures, conformity, equality.
For example, your friend doesn't want to go to the movies, citing a bad mood. At the same time, it is clear that she has sad eyes, there is no real mood. it congruence.
Another example: a teacher at a lecture in bright colors talks about the dangers of smoking. But at recess, the first to take out a cigarette. This is incongruity. This phenomenon can cause you cognitive dissonance.
What is congruence? Consensus
The agreement that the parties to the dispute were able to reach as a result of rapprochement and discussion.
Sentence with word: We strive for consensus and to ensure that no employee feels disadvantaged.
Conservative
A person who is an adherent of traditions and old customs. He doesn't want to accept anything new.
Sentence with word: Alexander was an ossified conservative at heart.
Conjuncture
The situation in a certain area. Status. The current situation in any area.
Sentence with word: Life does not stand still, human needs and market conditions are changing.
Cosplay
Literally translated, the word means "braid" - a suit, "play" - a game. Cosplay Is a masquerade, a game. People throw costume parties, dress up as famous heroes.
Sentence with word: A cosplay festival will be held in our city in August.
What is cosplay? Latency
The ability to hide your state, intentions, not to manifest yourself in an explicit way.
Sentence with word: In women, sleep latency increases during menopause. That is, the time between you close your eyes and fall asleep lengthens.
Lumpen
Translated from German, lumpen means rags. Karl Marx called the lower strata of the proletariat lumpen. Since then the word lumpen they began to call vagabonds, homeless people, degraded people.
Sentence with word: In response to Viktor's words that living in debt and without normal conditions is normal, Nikolai exclaimed: "No, this is a complete lumpenization of society!"
Machismo
Male behavior is emphasized.
Sentence with word: All his attempts to demonstrate machismo made the girls laugh.
Common man
A person who has limited views. Common man devoid of expanded horizons, he lives by his own petty interests.
Sentence with word: Most lead a quiet and measured life of ordinary people.
Oxymoron
Translated from the ancient Greek language, oxymoron means "witty-stupid." Oxymoron call a combination of words with the opposite meaning. For example: a living corpse, a public secret, a boor raised.
Sentence with word: I would like to believe that we will be able to survive the times when the phrase "honest politician" sounds like an oxymoron.
What is an oxymoron? Orthodox
An orthodox person, in the general sense, adhering to his own worldview, faithful, faithfully following his concept. synonyms: permanent, traditional, proven.
Sentence with word: He managed to outline a circle of friends and events. He felt normal now, he was Orthodox.
Panopticon
A space in which you can see all the ins and outs. For example, an office might be named freak show... However, be aware that this word is used with a negative connotation.
Sentence with word: The comments on this article made up a real freak show.
Paradigm
An established pattern, a model of something, a generally accepted pattern. The paradigm is an example of how to approach the issue in a given situation. Basically, the word is used in relation to the worldview.
Sentence with word: His personal paradigm was formed from his attitude to life, work and the people around him.
Pacifist
A person who is on the side of the world. The pacifist opposes war in any form.
Sentence with word: The admiral was never a pacifist, and he was not going to become one.
Who is a pacifist? Precariat
People who work for a black salary do not have a social package and are not officially employed. The precariat cannot count on a pension. Literally translated, precariat means dangerous, dubious.
Sentence with word: The precariat was born in our society at the turn of the 21st century.
Purism
Striving for rigor and purity of morals. In cooking, purism is about the preservation of traditional recipes. Language purism - striving for the purity of the literary language.
Sentence with word: We do not want you to accuse us of purism, and immediately we hasten to correct ourselves.
Reconnaissance
Study, survey of the area.
Sentence with word: Upon entering the hall, I immediately conduct a reconnaissance on the ground.
Reminiscence
Sentence with word: This opera evoked a pleasant reminiscence in me.
Snobbery
Snob - this is a person who seeks to get into high society, imitates it and deliberately emphasizes his belonging to the highest strata. The snob is not indifferent to what other people think of him, he imitates manners and follows the tastes of the society that he emphatically considers worthy. Snobbery - a concept that characterizes the behavior and manners of a snob.
Sentence with word: Your snobbery won't help you gain credibility with your classmates.
What is snobbery? Sophistry
The ability to cleverly prove something in a wrong way. Ability to philosophize and reflect, to challenge any statement. Sophistry abounds in play on words, tautology. Sophist can prove anything to you. Even the fact that you have horns.
Sentence with word: The way out can be found through sophistry.
Sublimation
In chemistry, sublimation is the transition of a substance from a solid to a liquid state. In cooking, it is the extraction of ice from frozen foods. In modern interpretation sublimation means the redirection of internal negative energy to activities that are approved by society, socially significant. For example, a person with strong sexual energy can take up professional sensual dancing.
Sentence with word: It is very important to release energy, to sublimate it.
Textrovert
A person who finds it easier and easier to tell about his feelings, experiences in a message, letter, SMS, text than live.
Sentence with word: The novel is more textrovert than extrovert. He loves to communicate live only with his loved ones.
Who is a textrovert? Truism
Banality, well-known truth, which is stupid to prove.
Sentence with word: Try to avoid truisms and clichés in your conversation.
Facilitation
Reception when there is a management of the process of activities to improve efficiency. The method of work, when a more experienced person takes an equal position with team members and helps them achieve results, master certain skills,
Sentence with word: Our goal is not feedback, but facilitation. We strive to motivate our employees to achieve results.
Feedback
Feedback from clients, visitors, readers. For example, you can write a comment on this article, and it will be feedback.
Sentence with word: There was good feedback after the screening of the film.
Frisson
This buzzword can replace the usual goose bumps.
Sentence with word: This scene from the movie made me freisson.
What is frisson? Frustration
Disappointment, tension due to the inability to achieve the goal.
Sentence with word: He fell prey to his own frustration.
Euphemism
Replacing one word with another, softer or more appropriate. If you cannot use a word in speech, apply euphemism... For example, instead of "torture" they write "harsh methods of interrogation."
Sentence with word: She used a euphemism for a bathroom in their apartment.
Egocentric
This is when a person is too fixated on himself, on his desires, on his feelings and interests. At the same time, he feels complete disrespect for the boundaries of a stranger. Egocentric cannot put himself in the place of another.
Sentence with word: He was an egoist, an egocentric, a spoiled child.
Ageism
The word comes from the English word "age". In fact, ageism Is age discrimination. For example, when they say that young people are not yet mature enough to address these issues. When people are not hired because of the wrong age.
Sentence with word: Ageism is flourishing in the labor market.
What is Ageism? Eclecticism
Connection, mixing of different styles, incompatible ideas, solutions.
Sentence with word: Ekaterina dresses very eclectically.
Epicureanism
The desire for wealth, an easy life, a tendency to satisfy sensual desires and a pampered life.
Sentence with word: Epicureanism attracts those who have tried to live this way.
Escalation
Gradual gain, growth, increase. This word can be applied to war, conflict, dispute.
Sentence with word: The reasons for the escalation of this war have not been fully understood.
Empathy
The ability to put yourself in the shoes of another. When a person passes the situation "through himself".
Sentence with word: Empathy is one of the most important qualities and abilities of a person.
Now your vocabulary can become richer. Use smart words appropriately, otherwise it will be funny and ridiculous. Are there any unusual buzzwords in your stock? Share with our readers which ones you use in your daily life.
Video: Words you need to know to sound smart
Scientific research continues. The level of education of the population is growing. Surrounded by technological marvels, from wearable electronics to communications satellites, we have to be smart as hell and know about science, right? The problem is that we (well, not us, but many) are terrible ignoramuses when it comes to fundamental scientific knowledge. Only 53% of people know that the Earth revolves around the Sun in a year, and only 59% of people know that the first people and dinosaurs lived at different times, and not like in the "Flintstones". Only 47% of people accurately answer that 70% of the Earth's surface is covered with water.
Obviously, although we have come a long way, there are still many steps ahead before we reach universal scientific literacy. But for those of you who are desperate to change the subject when someone mentions or argues that dinosaurs had feathers, there is a good reason to read this article. This article is about ten scientific questions everyone should know the answers to.
We see blue or blue skies, white cloud feathers or heavy storm clouds. But we still like the blue sky more than the cloudy one. Scientists in Europe have found that blue light has a positive effect on emotions, making us more responsive to emotional stimuli and adapt to emotional difficulties.
But let's not get distracted. The sky appears blue due to the so-called scattering effect. Sunlight must travel through the earth's atmosphere, which is filled with gases and particles, which are barriers against which sunlight hits. If you've ever held a prism in your hand, you know that light is made up of a bunch of different colors, each with a different wavelength. Blue has a relatively short wavelength, so it passes through this filter more easily than longer wavelength colors, and as a result is scattered more widely as it travels through the atmosphere. This is why the sky appears blue when the Sun is high in the sky.
At dawn and dusk, however, the sun's rays must travel a greater distance to reach their position. This negates the wavelength advantage of blue and allows us to see other colors — often reds, oranges, or yellows.
Why isn't the sky purple, you ask? Purple has an even shorter wavelength. But the solar spectrum is uneven, and there is less violet in it, moreover, the eye is more sensitive to blue and less to violet.
How old is the Earth?
Probably not a single New Year on our planet is complete when someone does not seriously say: "I can't believe that the Earth is 2015!" Or 2016, or 2017 ... The real age of the Earth has long been the subject of fierce controversy. Back in 1654, a scientist named John Lightfoot, whose calculations were based on the biblical Book of Genesis, proclaimed that the earth was created at 9 a.m. Mesopotamian time on October 26 in 4004 BC. e. In the late 1700s, the scientist Comte de Buffon heated a small copy of the planet he created and measured the rate at which it cooled down, and based on these data, he estimated the age of the Earth at 75,000 years. In the 19th century, physicist Lord Kelvin determined the age of the Earth at 20-40 million years.
But all this went to dust along with the discovery of radioactivity. Subsequent calculations showed the rate at which different radioactive substances decay. Earth scientists used this knowledge to determine the age of the Earth's rocks, as well as samples from meteorites and pebbles brought from the moon by astronauts. They looked at the state of the decay of lead isotopes from stones, and then compared them to a scale that showed how lead isotopes change over time. The earth was formed about 4.54 billion years ago with an error of less than one percent.
How does natural selection work?
Like the age of the Earth, the theory of evolution - pioneered by biologist Charles Darwin in the mid-1800s - is a topic of its own that people don't know but love to discuss. Nowadays, opponents of the theory of evolution are trying to remove it from the curriculum in schools or so that children learn "science of creation" as an appendix to the theory of evolution.
And there is one idea that the opponents of evolution cling to: natural selection, Darwin's central concept. This idea is pretty simple to understand. In nature, mutations - that is, a constant change in the genetic program of microorganisms, which will subsequently distinguish a species from its predecessor - occurs by chance. But evolution, a long-term process in which animals and plants have undergone many changes over many generations, is not accidental. Generally, changes in organisms become more common over time if they help the organism to survive and reproduce.
For example, imagine that some beetles are green but that mutation turns brown. Brown beetles blend into their surroundings better than green ones, so they are not often eaten by birds. More of them survive, they are reproduced in greater numbers, and these changes are not temporary, but already permanent. Over time, the beetle population will turn brown. But this is the simplest option. In practice, however, natural selection is based on the average, and not specific representatives, and it is not very easy to distinguish this process.
Will the sun ever go out?
If you think that the Sun for a person stops shining when he is going through difficult periods of his life, then in reality everything is not so. The irony is that the reality around us - the light of the Sun, the birdsong - is more durable than our fragile feelings. Unless you were born 5.5 billion years later. At this moment, the Sun, like another star, like a giant thermonuclear reactor, will exhaust all the hydrogen in its core and begin to burn hydrogen in the surrounding layers.
This will be the beginning of the end of the Sun - the core will contract, and the outer layers will expand, and the star will become a red giant. In a final flare, the Sun will fry the Solar System with an explosion of heat that will turn even the coolest surroundings of Pluto and the Kuiper Belt into a heavenly sauna. The inner planets, including the Earth, will be sucked in by the dying giant or turn to ash.
However, if people do not colonize the solar system or other stars, no one will even know about this final hell. The sun, which has already outlived half of its life span, is gradually warming up, and after a billion years it will be 10% more. The increase in solar radiation will be enough to evaporate all of Earth's oceans, leaving us without water and other joys of life.
How do magnets work?
For a long time, magnets were considered something of a miracle. And this is sad, because it is quite easy to understand how they work. A magnet is any object or material that has a magnetic field. That is, a bunch of electrons in it float in one direction. they like to form pairs, and in the gland, for example, there are many unpaired electrons, which are easy to tie on some get-together. Therefore, objects made of solid iron, or in general with a large amount of iron, will be attracted to a sufficiently powerful magnet. Substances and objects that are attracted to magnets are called ferromagnets.
People have known about magnetism since time immemorial. Magnets are found in nature, and medieval travelers learned how to magnetize steel compass arrows, that is, they created their own magnetic fields. Such magnets were not particularly durable, but in the 20th century, scientists developed new materials and chargers that led to the creation of powerful permanent magnets. You can create an electromagnet from a piece of iron by wrapping electrical wire around it and attaching the ends to the poles of a large battery.
What Causes the Rainbow?
There is something special about this atmospheric phenomenon that has been awe-inspiring in people since ancient times. According to Genesis, the Lord put a rainbow in heaven after the Great Flood and told Noah that it was "a sign of agreement between Me and the earth." The ancient Greeks went further and decided that the rainbow was the goddess Iris. True, her figure was ominous - she announced war and retribution. For centuries, great minds, from Aristotle to Descartes, have tried to figure out which process gives rise to the multicolor of the rainbow.
Now, of course, scientists are well aware of this. Rainbows are caused by water droplets that remain suspended in the atmosphere after a good shower. The density of the droplets is different from the density of the surrounding air, so when sunlight hits them, they act as tiny prisms, breaking the light into composite wavelengths and then reflecting them back. An arc is born with bands of color in the visible spectrum, which we see. Since the droplets must reflect the light towards us, in order to see the rainbow, you need to be with your back to the sun. You also need to look from the ground at an angle of about 40 degrees - this is the angle of deflection of the rainbow, that is, the angle at which it refracts sunlight. It is also interesting that while on the plane, you can see the rainbow in the form of a disk, not an arc.
What is the theory of relativity?
When someone mentions "the theory of relativity", they usually mean two theories at once, special and general, developed by the physicist Albert Einstein in the early 1900s. Regardless of the degree of our reverence for Einstein, people far from science know little about his theories. Einstein himself came up with a good way of explaining: “When a man sits with a pretty girl for an hour, it seems to him that a minute has passed. But let him sit on the hot stove for a minute, and it will seem to him longer than an hour. Everything is relative".
Everything seems to be clear, although the details are, of course, more complicated. Before Einstein, everyone pretty much believed that space and time were stationary and monotonous, never changing from wherever on Earth you looked at them. But Einstein used mathematics to prove that the absolute view of things is an illusion. In fact, space and time change: space can contract, expand, bend, and time flows at different speeds depending on the speed of the object or the strength of the gravitational field.
In addition, the manifestation of space and time can depend on the point of view of the person. Imagine, for example, that you are looking at an old ticking clock. Now place this watch in Earth's orbit so that it moves at a tremendous speed compared to your position on Earth. The clock in orbit will tick more slowly.
The clock runs slower due to the "time dilation" phenomenon. Space and time are actually parts of one whole space-time, which can be distorted by gravity and acceleration. Therefore, if an object is moving very quickly or a very powerful gravitational field affects it, the time for this object will go slower compared to an object that is not exposed to the same effect. Using mathematical calculations, you can predict how time will slow down for fast moving objects.
This probably sounds strange. But it's true. GPS satellites, which depend on accurate timing and map the Earth, are a good example. Satellites fly around the planet at a speed of about 14,000 kilometers per hour, and if the engineers had not adjusted the clock to take into account relativity, then within a day Google maps would be mistaken by almost 10 kilometers during positioning.
Why are the bubbles round?
Yes, bubbles are not always perfectly round, as you must have noticed if you inflated them at least once. But bubbles tend to be spherical, and you will notice that even the longest of them tend to become round. The fact is that bubbles are essentially thin layers of liquid, the molecules of which are held together by a phenomenon called cohesion. This creates surface tension - a barrier that prevents objects from penetrating through it. But this is not the only force acting on this layer. Outside, air molecules press. The most effective way for the fluid layer to counteract these forces is to assume the most compact form, which is a sphere in terms of volume to area ratio.
Remarkably, scientists have long learned to make non-circular bubbles - cubic, rectangular (by stretching a thin layer of liquid on a wire frame), whatever.
What are clouds made of?
Hopefully we won't disappoint anyone, but clouds are not really a mixture of ice cream and angel feathers. Clouds are the visible mass of water droplets or ice crystals, or a mixture of both, that are suspended above the Earth's surface. Clouds are formed when moist, warm air rises. As it rises higher and reaches the colder zones, the warm air cools and the water vapor condenses into tiny water droplets or ice crystals, depending on the temperature. These drops and crystals remain knocked together thanks to the principle of cohesion, which we talked about just above. This is how a cloud is born. Some clouds are thicker than others because they have a higher density of water droplets.
Clouds are a key part of the hydrological cycle of our planet, during which water constantly moves between the surface and the atmosphere, alternating between liquid, solid and gaseous states. If it were not for this cycle, life on our planet might not have existed.
In 1803, meteorologist Luke Howard identified four main classifications of clouds, which today have Russian and Latin names. Cumulus, or cumulus clouds, are piled up lumpy clouds that we often see in the sky. Cirrus, cirrus clouds, which means "hair" in Latin, are light feathers high up, thin as strands of hair. The flat and nondescript clouds are stratus stratus, which means "layer" in Latin. There are also nimbus clouds, low and gray rain clouds. However, there are slightly more subspecies and varieties of clouds, as well as their mixtures.
Why does water evaporate at room temperature?
We humans are used to thinking of reality as a good, stable place where different things stay where they are, unless we want to move them. But the reality is different. If you look at water at the molecular level, the molecules look like a flock of puppies fighting for better positions on the mother's belly. When a lot of water vapor collects in the air, the molecules bump into the surface and stick to it, resulting in condensation on the outside of the cold drink on a wet day.
Conversely, when the air is dry, the water molecules in your cup can stick to other molecules floating in the air. This process is called evaporation. If the air is dry enough, more molecules will pass from the cup to the air rather than fall from the air into the cup. Over time, the water will lose more and more molecules, and you will end up with an empty cup.
The ability of molecules from a liquid state to jump out into the air and stick to it is called vapor pressure, because jumping molecules exert force, just like a gas or solid, which presses on something. Different liquids have different vapor pressures. For acetone, for example, this indicator is high, that is, it evaporates easily. Conversely, olive oil has a low vapor pressure and is unlikely to evaporate at room temperature.
Ambivalence, frustration, rigidity - if you want to express your thoughts not at the level of a fifth grader, you will have to understand the meaning of these words. Katya Shpachuk explains everything in an accessible and understandable way, and visual gifs help her in this.
1. Frustration
Almost everyone felt a sense of unfulfillment, encountered obstacles in the way of achieving goals, which became an unbearable burden and the cause of nothing unwillingness. So this is frustration. When everything is tired and nothing works.
But you should not take such a state with hostility. The main way to overcome frustration is to recognize the moment, accept it, and be tolerant. The state of dissatisfaction, mental tension mobilize a person's strength to deal with a new challenge.
2. Procrastination
- So, from tomorrow I go on a diet! No, it's better from Monday.
- I'll finish it later when I'm in the mood. There is still time.
- Ah ... I'll write tomorrow. Will not go anywhere.
Sound familiar? This is procrastination, that is, putting things off for later.
An agonizing state when you need to and don't want to.
Accompanied by tormenting yourself for not completing the assigned task. This is the main difference from laziness. Laziness is a dumb state, procrastination is an emotional state. At the same time, a person finds pretexts, activities are much more interesting than doing specific work.
In fact, the process is normal and inherent in most people. But don't abuse it. The main way to avoid is motivation and the right prioritization. This is where time management comes in.
3. Introspection
In other words, self-observation. The method by which a person explores their own psychological inclinations or processes. Descartes was the first to use introspection, studying his own mental nature.
Despite the popularity of the method in the 19th century, introspection is considered a subjective, idealistic, even unscientific form of psychology.
4. Behaviorism
Behaviorism is a trend in psychology, which is based not on consciousness, but on behavior. Human response to external stimulus. Movements, facial expressions, gestures - in short, all external signs have become the subject of study of behaviorists.
The founder of the method, American John Watson, assumed that with the help of careful observation, one can predict, change or shape the proper behavior.
There have been many experiments that have investigated human behavior. But the next one became the most famous.
In 1971, Philip Zimbardo conducted an unprecedented psychological experiment called the Stanford Prison Experiment. Absolutely healthy, mentally stable young people were placed in a conditional prison. The students were divided into two groups and assigned tasks: some were supposed to play the role of warders, others were prisoners. Sadistic tendencies began to appear in the student guards, while the prisoners were morally depressed and resigned to their fate. After 6 days, the experiment was terminated (instead of two weeks). During the course it was brought that the situation affects the behavior of a person more than his internal characteristics.
5. Ambivalence
This concept is familiar to many psychological thriller writers. So, "ambivalence" is an ambivalence towards something. Moreover, this attitude is absolutely polar. For example, love and hate, sympathy and antipathy, pleasure and displeasure that a person experiences simultaneously and in relation to something (someone) alone. The term was introduced by E. Bleuler, who considered ambivalence as one of the hallmarks of schizophrenia.
According to Freud, "ambivalence" takes on a slightly different meaning. This is the presence of opposing deep motives, which are based on the drive for life and death.
6. Insight
Translated from English "insight" is discernment, insight, insight, sudden finding a solution, and so on.
There is a problem, a problem requires a solution, sometimes it is simple, sometimes it is difficult, sometimes it is solved quickly, sometimes it takes time. Usually in complex, time-consuming, seemingly overwhelming tasks, insight comes - insight. Something non-standard, sudden, new. Together with insight, the previously laid down character of action or thinking changes.
7. Rigidity
In psychology, “rigidity” is understood as the unwillingness of a person to act not according to plan, the fear of unforeseen circumstances. Also referred to as "rigidity" is the unwillingness to give up habits and attitudes, from the old, in favor of the new, etc.
A rigid person is a hostage of stereotypes, ideas, not created independently, but taken from reliable sources. They are specific, pedantic, they are annoyed by uncertainty and carelessness. Rigid thinking is corny, clichéd, uninteresting.
8. Conformism and non-conformism
"Whenever you find yourself on the side of the majority, it's time to stop and think."written by Mark Twain. Conformity is a key concept in social psychology. Expressed in behavior change under the real or imagined influence of others.
Why it happens? Because people are afraid when they are not like everyone else. This is a way out of your comfort zone. This fear will not please, look stupid, be out of the masses.
Conformist – a person who changes his opinion, beliefs, attitudes, in favor of the society in which he is.
A nonconformist is a concept opposite to the previous one, that is, a person who defends an opinion that differs from the majority.
9. Catharsis
From the ancient Greek word "katharsis" means "cleansing", most often from feelings of guilt. The process of long experience, excitement, which at the peak of development turns into liberation, something maximum positive. It is common for a person to worry for various reasons, from the thought of not turning off the iron to the loss of a loved one. Here we can talk about everyday catharsis. There is a problem that reaches its peak, a person suffers, but he does not suffer forever. The problem begins to recede, anger goes away (who has what), a moment of forgiveness or awareness comes.
In the first grade, the average student knows about two thousand words and learns further up to ten words a day while at school. Thus, upon graduation, the average citizen we are considering knows tens of thousands of words. In this case, we use an average of five thousand words, which constitute a constant vocabulary.
Importance
It is useful to know smart words and their meaning for conversation with other people. Rich speech helps to attract attention, interest a person, look better, express thoughts clearly, manage the opinion of the interlocutor and give many other pleasant bonuses. You can also find those who study clever words and their meaning to humiliate the opponent and gain a sense of superiority. However, this motivation is not ideal, although vocabulary of buzzwords can really help you feel better and feel superior to those who do not own such words.
If we talk about the function that clever words carry for communication in everyday life, then rich speech, knowledge of certain quantities and their meanings, attract attention. The interlocutor's brain is focused on expressions that are atypical for everyday speech. Therefore, they begin to listen to you more attentively. As a result, your words are better remembered, and you become an interesting, sharp-tongued, interlocutor with whom it is pleasant to communicate.
In addition, knowledge of the list of smart words is a status norm for people who communicate with intellectuals, are fond of creativity and use mental labor. If you communicate in this area, then you must have the appropriate skills. Including it is important to learn to speak reasonably and to the point, to supply your own speech with interesting accents and tones, which will help to achieve, including the words proposed below.
Examples of
A priori. It does not require proof, understandable and so obtained empirically.
Biennale. Originally an art exhibition, nowadays they call it just a get-together associated with art. Feature - it is held every two years.
Vesicular. Originally a medical term that refers to vesicles in the lungs.
Gesheft. The German word originally refers to trade and profit, and even now it is used in a similar sense, but it can also be used in another, figurative, sense.
Dissonance. Originally a musical term that indicates an inharmonious combination of sounds. Now it is used quite often, including in combination, cognitive dissonance, into which everyone wants to plunge each other. An example of use: "Your illiterate use of buzzwords brings dissonance into speech."
Endova. Utensils for drinking and eating, but also a valley means a kind of gutter between two roof slopes. If the roof has a complex structure, then where two oppositely directed slopes join, a valley is formed. Not often used in modern speech.
Jamevue. A term close to psychiatry, the opposite of déjà vu. With Jamevue, you are in a familiar environment or circumstances in which you have repeatedly been before, but you feel as if you were here for the first time.
It is based. For understanding, just associate the given word with the word is based.
Indulgence. Previously, the Catholic Church sold a document for the atonement of sins, at retail, wholesale and in bulk. Such a product was called indulgence. Now used figuratively.
An incident. Originally a Latin word, relatively recently it was often used in jurisprudence. In general, it indicates a strange situation, a coincidence that does not depend on the actors, can have both positive and negative meanings. Not noticing and stepping into a puddle is an incident, but meeting a good friend is also an incident.
Liquidity. An economic term, but now used in everyday life. Indicates your ability to convert assets or private property into money.
Skimping. Disdainful attitude. For example: "At work, Ivan skimped on his direct responsibilities."
Neologism. Literally translated from Latin - "new word". It can be a newly created word or a word used in a new meaning. An example from the Internet: like is a completely new neologism.
Orthodox. Greek word, the opposite of heretic. In the original meaning - a person faithful to the doctrine, not deviating from the original postulates. Now it can be used in a different context.
Puritanism. A peculiar understanding of the purity of views and behavior in society. Characteristic features are moderation, conservatism of views, minimization of pleasures, claims, needs.
Radicalism. Extreme adherence to views, the use of crude methods to create change, more often in social foundations.
Maxim. Morality or wise saying. For example, "after that Ivan burst into deep maxims on the topic of education in the company of friends all evening."
Interpretation. A similar word is interpretation. In general, we are talking about some kind of commentary, clarification, view of a certain phenomenon. For example, “his interpretation of the film by Lars von Trier is different from the generally accepted one”.
Union. A form of association or generalization. Initially a politico-economic term, but it can be used in other contexts.
Frustration. The feeling when you want to get what you want, but you can't reach the goal.
Bigotry. Creation of a positive self-image, intentionally vivid negative attitude towards free views, flaunting virtue, modesty (sometimes religiosity). Although in reality the prude is far from the ideals declared aloud.
Time trouble. Lack of time.
Swaggering. Arrogant and dismissive attitude. For example, "The boss, although he kept his distance, was not arrogant, he could communicate and joke normally."
Chauvinism. Initially refers to nationalism and represents its radical form. Chauvinists considered their own nation to be exceptional and the best. The term can be used in another context, but the meaning of the understanding of exclusivity remains.
Scrupulousness. Follow up to each “chip”. Behaving in accordance with regulations or treating anything with care and rigor.
Etymology. An area of \u200b\u200bknowledge about the origin and meaning of words. In order to replenish your own vocabulary, it is useful to study etymology.
Jurisdiction. The range of powers possessed by a state body or structure.
Yagdtash. Hunting bag. Now the term is used as a name for a comfortable stylish bag.
Now that you know some clever Russian words and their meanings, some additional advice should be given. You should not use these terms everywhere, as for different situations they wear different clothes, so for different circumstances they use appropriate communication styles.
Otherwise, you will look ridiculous, pouring terms all over the place and inserting them indiscriminately into all phrases. The beauty of speech lies in the harmonious combination of words, weaving a pattern from their sound and meaning.
Mastering the art of competent communication, if desired, will not be difficult. However, it will be equally important to pay attention to such aspects as correct diction, a well-placed voice and the appropriateness of the use of certain words.
There are situations when just using smart words and terms is not enough, especially if they are used completely out of place and out of topic. To avoid ridiculous attempts to attract the attention of the interlocutor only by inserting smart words, you should definitely study not only the meaning of these words, but also their synonyms and antonyms, the correct setting of stress, declension and gender. For example, using the neuter word for “coffee” or trying to convert the word “coat” to the plural is a common mistake.
Another opportunity to show yourself as a competent interlocutor is the ability to avoid banal, hackneyed and "hackneyed" expressions. Instead of “good” you can say “sensible” if we are talking about an employee or colleague as a specialist, instead of “beautiful” - “spectacular”, “catchy” if you are discussing the appearance of anyone, even a friend or a celebrity. With the help of a dictionary, you can find a synonym for almost every word that is both understandable to everyone and at the same time quite unusual. This approach will undoubtedly draw attention to you during communication.
