General characteristics. Wheatgrass rootless (Elymus trachycaulus Gould et Skinners, or Agropyrum tenerum)(Fig. 10.14) - a perennial plant with a well-developed fibrous root system, penetrating to a depth of 1 m or more, loose shrub, winter-type development.
The stems are thin, up to 100 cm high, straw-yellow in color. Weight of 1000 seeds - 2.8 g. Cross-pollinated plant, high drought resistance and frost resistance.
Rice. 10.14.
7 - lower part and root system; 2 - ear; 3 - spikelet; 4 - seeds
Varieties. Gornoaltaysky 86, Northern, Sultan.
Rootless couch grass is sown in a mixture with alfalfa or sainfoin under the cover of winter and spring cereals. Wheatgrass is usually sown under winter crops in autumn, but it can also be sown in spring, while alfalfa and sainfoin are sown with winter crops only in early spring. Under the cover of spring grain crops, wheatgrass is pure and mixed with perennial legumes is sown simultaneously with the cover crop. Seeding rate - 14-15 kg/ha, mixed with legumes and with a wide-row sowing method - 8-10 kg/ha. Seeding depth - 3-4 cm. Care for crops of rootless couch grass consists of removing stubble in the first year of life, harrowing, fertilizing in spring and after each mowing.
The crop yields the largest hay yield in the 2-3rd year of life - up to 4-5 t/ha or more. For hay, it is harvested in the heading phase, for seeds - in the phase of full ripeness.
UDC 633.289.1:631.523
A NEW VARIETY OF ROOTless Wheatgrass CHULYMSKY
V.F. KADORKINA, head. laboratory of NIIAP Khakassia Russian Agricultural Academy E-mail: [email protected]
Summary. The research was carried out in order to create a new variety of rootless couch grass with high fodder qualities, resistant to extreme environmental conditions. The results of the study of the source material in nurseries made it possible to identify promising forms and identify the best of them for inclusion in the breeding program, within the framework of which the Chulymsky wheatgrass variety was created. It went through three evaluation cycles in different soil-climatic and weather conditions of the region, which made it possible to determine the resistance to various stresses (winter and summer low and high temperatures, lack of precipitation, winds). The variety Chulymsky was bred by the method of biotypic selection from a collection sample of wheatgrass variable. It is drought tolerant, disease and pest resistant. It has good foliage (38%), softness of leaves and stems, high intensity of regrowth after mowing, low shedding of seeds. Exceeds the standards of Kamalinsky 175 and Abakan in green mass yield by 1.2 and 0.7 t/ha; dry matter 0.5 and 0.2 t/ha. Recommended for cultivation in all areas of the Republic of Khakassia and the south of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. In 2012, the variety was included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements.
Key words: rootless couch grass, variety, green mass, seeds, variety testing.
The introduction of new high-yielding grass varieties adapted to local natural conditions into agricultural production is one of the most effective ways to increase fodder production. A variety is an elementary biological structural unit that determines the possibilities for constructing adaptive agrophytocenoses. With its help, it is possible to solve the main environmental and production problems of fodder production. The species composition of fodder crops as a whole is determined and tied to the soil and climatic conditions of the region, therefore, in the future, special varieties of fodder type will play a decisive role in the creation of agrophytocenoses. In Khakassia, apart from the awnless brome, there are practically no crops of perennial cereal grasses. One of the cereal crops in grass mixtures is rootless wheatgrass.
The purpose of our research is to create a rootless wheatgrass variety with high fodder qualities, resistant to extreme environmental conditions.
Conditions, materials and methods. The selection of couch grass rootless was carried out in accordance with the methodological recommendations.
The climate of the republic is characterized by short summers, late spring and early autumn frosts, low precipitation, most of which falls in the second half of summer. Their average annual sum in the steppe zone is
sets 205 ... 300 mm. The frost-free period is short 105...120 days, the sum of positive (active) temperatures is 1700...1900°C. The weather conditions during the breeding work (2006-2010) were mostly unfavorable. July 2007 was hot and dry, with daytime temperatures reaching 26.32°C. The plants continued their vegetation due to precipitation in the third decade of June (31.6 mm). July-August 2008 were characterized by elevated air temperatures and a shortage of precipitation with uneven precipitation. During the growing season 2009-2010. the temperature in May, July and August exceeded the long-term average values during the moisture deficit in 2010.
Results and discussions. The variety of wheatgrass rootless was bred by three cycles of biotypic selection from a collection sample of wheatgrass variable. In 2012, he was included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements.
The variety is intended for haymaking as the most valuable component in combination with legumes.
A bush of rootless couch grass Chulymsky is upright, resistant to lodging, bushiness, depending on the feeding area, ranges from 5 to 15 stems. The stems are thin, medium coarse, well leafy, 90-130 cm high, the leaves are lanceolate of medium length. The ear is loose, 10.15 cm long, light green in color, no spinousness. Spikelets of elongated oval shape with 5.7 flowers. Seeds are oblong-linear, 0.7...1.2 mm long, weight of 1000 grains - 2.0...2.5 g. Seeds ripen together, tend to shed when overgrown. The root system is fibrous.
In the spring, the rootless Chulym wheatgrass grows in late April - early May. The intensity of spring regrowth of the new variety is initially low, but the subsequent growth proceeds quite rapidly, plants reach mowing maturity by 80–90 days, and full seed ripeness by 90–120 days. (Standards have 125 days). Rootless couch grass Chulymsky is distinguished by high winter hardiness, drought resistance (90.95%), good regrowth intensity after mowing, longevity (remains in herbage up to 8 years). Over the years of testing, high resistance to pests and diseases has been noted. During the summer sowing (July 15) in a wide-row way (70 cm) in the steppe and forest-steppe zone of the republic, the seeds are formed for the next year of life. The foliage of the new variety at the beginning of heading is 38%, the protein content in the green mass is 6.10%. green mass and
Table 1. Results of competitive variety testing of the third cycle of testing in the steppe zone (Shirinsky district) of the Republic of Khakassia (average for 2007-2010)
Variety Yield, t/ha Plant height, cm Leaves
green mass of dry matter seeds
Kamalinsky 175 (standard) 3.7 1.20 0.25 81 28.2
Abakan (standard) 3.9 1.80 0.22 81.4 33.9
Chulymsky (K-25-26) 4.3 1.92 0.31 83.4 36.4
NSR05 0.3 0.18 0.04
Drawing. Average yield of green mass of rootless couch grass Chulymsky for three test cycles (2002-2010), t/ha: □ - K-25-26; □ - Abakan; □ - Kamalinsky 175.
hay is highly nutritious and readily eaten by animals.
Results of competitive variety testing in 2007-2010 (Table 1). showed that, on average, over four years of research, in terms of wet weight content, number K-25-26 exceeded the standards of Kamalinsky 175 and Abakan by 0.4 ... 0.6 t / ha. In terms of dry matter content, it was at the level of the Abakan standard, exceeding only Kamalinsky 175. The yield of seeds of the Chulymsky variety (K-25-26) on average over four years was also higher than that of the standards.
Table 2. Productivity of green mass of couch grass, 2012
Green mass yield, t/ha Feed unit yield, t/ha Dry matter yield, t/ha Content
Name of digestible protein, g/feed. units Ca, g/kg P, g/kg carotene, mg/kg
Rootless wheatgrass Abakan-sf 18.50 2.96 3.70 105.9 1.22 0.99 22.50
Rhizomeless couch grass Chulym (K-25-26) 22.70 3.85 4.74 106.5 1.26 1.02 22.90
The average yield of its green mass variety Chulymsky in various soil and climatic zones of the republic in 2002-2010. amounted to 7.4 t/ha, for Kamalinsky 175 standards - 6.2, Abakan - 7.6 t/ha (see figure), dry matter - 2.6, respectively,
2.9...3.1 t/ha. In terms of seed yield, Chulymsky was at the level of the Abakan standard.
Since 2009, the variety Chulymsky (K-25-26) has been undergoing ecological variety testing in the East Siberian Department of the Siberian Research Institute of Feeds in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Chulym region when sown in a field crop rotation for fallow.
In 2010, the crops emerged from wintering in excellent condition (5 points), despite a very cold winter (on some days in January-February, the temperature dropped to -46 °C with a snow depth of 43.46 cm). In the third year of use, the yield of green mass of wheat grass Chulymsky (K-25-26) exceeded the standard by 22.7%, the collection of feed units - by 30.0%, dry matter - by 28.0% (Table 2). Plant height in the phase of seed ripening averaged 114 cm, weight of 1000 seeds - 3.1 g, spike length - 13.0 cm
It is advisable to place seed plots on the most fertile lands after leguminous and winter crops or on a clean fallow. It has no differences in technology from zoned varieties. The sowing rate for seed purposes in a wide-row method is 10.12 kg/ha, the sowing date (summer) is July 15. Suitable for mechanized harvesting. A feature of seed production of a new variety is the need to comply with spatial isolation. The technology for obtaining seeds is traditional for the zone.
Preferred seed growing zones are the forest-steppe and steppe foothills, the southern regions of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
Conclusions. A new variety of rootless couch grass Chulymsky is intended for haymaking, it is distinguished by high winter hardiness, drought resistance, good regrowth intensity after mowing, and longevity. Resistant to pests and diseases. Chulymsky exceeds the Kamalinsky 125 and Abakan standards in terms of green mass yield by 1.2 and 0.7, dry matter - by 0.5 and 0.2 t/ha.
Literature.
1. Crossing N.I. The state of seed production of fodder crops and the main directions of scientific research on its improvement // Feed production. - 2007. - No. 6. - P.22.
2. Shamsutdinov Z.Sh. Change of paradigms in the breeding strategy of fodder crops //Kormoproizvodstvo. - 2007. - No. 5. - P.24.
4. Methodology of the State variety testing of agricultural crops. - M., 1985. - issue. 1. - 269 p.
NEW VARIETY SLENDER WHEATGRASS CHULYMSKY
summary. The aim of our research - the creation of a new class of slender wheatgrass with high forage quality, resistance to extreme environmental conditions. The results of the study of slender wheatgrass in nurseries source material revealed promising forms and highlight the best of them for inclusion in the breeding program. Thus obtained grade slender wheatgrass Chulym. He underwent three cycles of evaluation of the hybrid material in a variety of soil and climate and weather conditions of the region, which allowed to determine the resistance to various stresses (winter and summer high and low temperatures, lack of precipitation, winds). Chulym launched by biotipicheskogo selection from the collection of the sample variability of wheat grass. Different drought tolerance, resistance to diseases and pests. It has a leaf-bearing (38%), soft leaves and stems, the intensity of regrowth after cutting, weak osypaemosti seeds. Exceeds Standards Kamalinsky 175 Abakan and the yield of green mass of 1.2 and 0.7, dry matter 0.5 and 0.2 t / ha. It is recommended for cultivation in all areas of the Republic of Khakassia and south of Krasnoyarsk Krai. In 2012 a new variety of wheat grass beskornevischnogovklyuchen in the State Register of Breeding Achievements. Keywords: slender wheatgrass, grade, green mass, seeds, variety testing.
Wheatgrass rootless
Imported from America. This is a top loose bushy perennial grass. The leaves are flat, thin, narrow, from light to dark green in color, soft or rough, the tongue is short. Inflorescence - an ear straight, loose, bilateral, 10-15 cm long. Spikelets are awnless, 2-3 flowered, slightly compressed, almost sessile, attached sideways to the stem. Spikelet glumes lanceolate, oblong, rough, without transverse groove, seeds slightly concave on the inside, hairy on top, do not fall off when ripe.
Rootless wheatgrass is moisture-loving. Winter hardiness and drought resistance are satisfactory. According to these features, it is inferior to wheatgrass, awnless bonfire and Siberian hair. Differs in fragility, especially in arid conditions, where in the third year of life it becomes very thin. In spring, it grows later and grows more slowly than awnless brome. It is characterized by weak regrowth after mowing and grazing; as a rule, it does not give a second mowing in arid conditions. Refers to hay plants, because of the weak aftertaste it is not very suitable for pastures.
This is a spring-type cereal, it weakly bushes in the year of sowing, with spring uncovered sowing, about half of the total number of formed shoots are generative. However, their greatest number is formed in the second year of life. Flowering occurs in 65-86 days, and seeds ripen in 93-98 days after the start of regrowth. In the conditions of Western Siberia, it blooms in the last ten days of June, the seeds ripen in late July - early August.
Rootless couch grass is sown in its pure form and in grass mixtures in more humid conditions of the forest-steppe and northern steppe regions of Western and Eastern Siberia, Northern Kazakhstan, the Central Chernozem zone, the Volga region, Ukraine and Moldova, as well as in the foothill regions of the Crimea, the North Caucasus, Transcaucasia and Central Asia . Most suitable for field crop rotations with two to three years of grass stand use. Undemanding to soils. It grows on chernozem, chestnut, loose sod-podzolic soils (does not tolerate waterlogged and heavy podzolic soils).
It gives the highest yields of hay in the second or third years of life, in subsequent years the yield falls. Seeds ripen almost at the same time as that of creeping couch grass, and they are very close in shape, size and weight.
Wheatgrass Creeping
It has long creeping rhizomes. The main distinguishing features in the structure of the seeds are as follows: the presence of a transverse groove at the base of the glumes; seeds deeply grooved on the inside; crumble easily. Creeping couch grass belongs to plants with a winter type of development, it is distinguished by winter hardiness and salt tolerance. Suitable for cultivation in the southern part of the forest-steppe, especially when strengthening and grassing steppe lands, to create long-term hayfields and pastures. It grows on moist and damp floodplain soils of the south of the steppe and forest-steppe, on estuaries, on solonetzic and solonchak soils. It is well eaten by animals when grazing. Hay when harvesting grass not later than the beginning of flowering is of high quality.
REGNERIA FIBROUS
In terms of economic value, it is close to rootless couch grass. Differs in big precocity, forms 2-3 cuttings. It stays in herbage for 4-5 years, suitable for creating cultivated pastures.
Wheatgrass Intermediate
Horse, short-rhizome cereal, winter-spring type. It also differs in winter hardiness, salt tolerance and drought resistance. Suitable for grassing sloping lands and for creating hayfields and pastures in the arid part of the North Caucasus and the South-East.
Wheatgrass is used in construction to strengthen and landscaping slopes due to the presence of a powerful rhizome. Couch grass lawn is green with a slight blue tint. The wheatgrass plant has established itself as a good pasture and fodder crop. It is eaten by many types of agricultural livestock. Resistant to trampling. Also, wheatgrass can be successfully used for reclamation of disturbed and withdrawn from agricultural land use. At Pole Market, you can buy wheatgrass seeds for use in the following areas:
- in reclamation work.
- For strengthening slopes and embankments.
- For landscaping roadside areas.
Buy wheatgrass seeds
In the "Field Market" company you can buy high quality wheatgrass seeds that have been tested for compliance with the necessary requirements. To buy wheatgrass, send an application by e-mail or call us. Wheatgrass seeds are sold in bulk with delivery or pickup from our warehouse. Payment by bank transfer. We issue a full package of accompanying documents for the export of seeds to other countries. We produce grass mixtures for sowing lawns, landscaping and reclamation at our own production.
Description of wheatgrass creeping
Perennial grass. Prefers loose, nutritious, moist soils. Some varieties of wheatgrass have high drought-resistant qualities. The following types of wheatgrass are widespread:
- Rootless couch grass - the rootless couch grass has found application in the creation of lawns, thanks to a loose, but evenly growing turf. Some varieties of wheatgrass are winter-hardy, drought-resistant and tolerate high soil salinity. Nine varieties are registered in the register of breeding achievements of the Russian Federation.
- Creeping couch grass - In some regions it finds agricultural use as a fodder crop. Grazing resistant. Fast otkarstanie. One variety is registered in the register of breeding achievements of the Russian Federation.
Loose shrub riding perennial grass. The root system is well developed, fibrous, penetrating into the subsoil to a depth of 60-10 cm. The stems are straight, thin, somewhat rough, slightly leafy, 60-120 cm tall. The leaves are narrow, linear, flat, rough, light green. Inflorescence - spike, often straight, loose, bilateral, 10-15 cm long. Spikelets 2-3 flowered, almost sessile, slightly laterally compressed. Spikelet scales with veins rough from spines, on the inner side with a short down. The lower lemmas are glabrous along the back, extremely rarely with single spines in the upper part, with a straight awn equal to or longer than the lemma. Seeds (caryopses) oblong, hairy above, slightly concave on the inside. The weight of 1000 seeds is 2.8-3.1 g. The plant has a spring type of development.
It differs from couch grass creeping in that there are no rhizomes.
Mesoxerophyte. Drought-resistant, frost- and cold-resistant cereal. Stored in crops for 3-4 years. Resistant to spring and autumn frosts. Successfully grows on different types of soils: chernozem, dark chestnut, brown forest, sod-podzolic (but non-acidic).
It can be used for arrangement of meadow and ordinary lawns, for roadside and urban gardening.
