A flight of stairs to a frame house. stairs

28.07.202327.05.2017

The construction of a staircase in a private house is, although laborious, but an interesting creative process that gives room for imagination and the emergence of experience and ingenuity. Any frame under the stairs inside the house is assembled in several stages, regardless of whether it is metal or wooden. Each design has its own advantages, but for self-assembly, a rigid wooden frame will be the easiest. But if there is a welding machine and work experience, then a metal staircase constructed from a metal corner will be more solid, stronger and more durable. But nothing compares to the elegance of wooden staircases.

What type of stairs to choose?

Depending on the functionality, stairs are internal and external. The frame of the stairs to the second floor can be of different types, and the most common are:

marching;
screw;
ring etc.

The shape of the stairs is chosen in relation to the space that it should occupy:

straight;
rounded or rounded;
trapezoid;
-2, 3-section;
L- and U-shaped;
screw.

There are ladder-type stairs, but they are made only to the attic or to the cellar, when there is little space for tilting at a sufficient angle. In rare cases, in a private house, vertical frame stairs are made of metal, provided with reliable handrails. It is convenient to climb up on them, but it is inconvenient to go down. Due to the steepness and dangerous descent of the steps of a steep staircase, it is reasonable to make an oar type - a separate base for each foot. Because of the waddle they are called "duck step".

But the most common stairs are marching ones. Flights of stairs rest on facade or ordinary crossbars or consoles of stiffening diaphragms.

Flights of stairs are designed to ensure the convenience of moving along 2-flight or broken stairs when climbing to any floor or descending.

Tip: When choosing the type of stairs, it is worth considering the most appropriate type of frame and the shape of the handrails. The design of the frame of the stairs is right and left, and between the turns you need landings that are mounted wider than the steps.

The metal frame for the stairs differs from the wooden frame, primarily in that the tree, when one of the elements falls out, is easy to nail into place. The loss of one part of the metal structure adversely affects its safety and the strength of the entire staircase, which is unsafe for the inhabitants of the house. This fragment is not always possible to weld back immediately after a breakdown, moreover, it is of high quality and aesthetically pleasing. And if the staircase already has a decorative lining, it is difficult not to spoil it by welding.

metal staircase

Making a staircase frame is not a difficult task, but painstaking and responsible. Some types of staircase designs can be assembled by welding within a few hours. But preliminary calculations and the manufacture of the main parts of the metal structure are very important, in compliance with:

horizontality;
symmetry;
the location of the axis of symmetry of the center of gravity for frameless installation.

Modern masters have developed several simple options for frame-type stairs, which are convenient to use in a country house or for access to an auxiliary room. But inside the house, an aesthetic metal staircase is designed to become a real decoration. But the most important thing is the reliability of the design and the safety of movement on the stairs. Therefore, for any metal frame of the stairs, special attention should be paid to the quality of the welds and the processing of the corners.

The most common types of bases for internal stairs between floors:

In the first case, the steps look more reliable and solid, in the second - more weightless and light, and the stairs are more economical.

A channel for welding, decorated with a rectangle, is used as a guide. It is important to calculate and measure the angle of inclination relative to the floor and the base of the stairs.

Tip: It is easiest to weld the frame of the stairs on the spot than to deliver the welded structure to the cottage under construction. In finished form, only solid chiseled or wooden stairs with carved details are delivered. But they also consist of several parts of the structure, which are then assembled manually.

Basic requirements for self-made stairs

work in overalls and gloves, and protect your face during welding;
grind the cut channel, round off, eliminate notches and burrs, especially on the handrails;
control the strength of all welds;
calculate such an interval and height of degrees so that it is easy and safe to navigate through them;
the frame structure must be processed and painted not only for aesthetic reasons, but also to exclude the possibility of injury;
stairs should not be too steep and slippery, and handrails or a restrictive capsule are a must for a spiral staircase.

Outdoor metal stairs must be protected in such a way that the sole of the shoe does not slip on the steps and does not freeze.

Attention: Do not forget that metal is subject to corrosion, and rust spoils its appearance. After the staircase frame is made, it is recommended to cover it with a primer or any anti-corrosion compound so that the structure receives sufficient moisture resistance.

Important Safety Precautions

1. During welding, sparks and drops from molten metal are formed. Therefore, it is also important to protect the body with a mask and overalls, and the base where welding work is performed.

4. It is important to be careful when handling the equipment, do not accidentally touch the electrodes, so as not to get an electric shock. When working with welding equipment in a country house, it is important to make sure that the mains voltage is sufficient for the device.

What is important to know about the construction of a metal staircase?

To determine the design of the ladder frame, you need accurate measurements and drawings so that the design is easy to use and does not take up much usable space. Its appearance is also important, since it is able to decorate the house or create visual discomfort. For the final selection of the type of stairs, see our illustrations:

After the choice is made in favor of one or another configuration, according to the size of the room, you can proceed to the design calculations. It is important to consider:

span sizes;
the area of the steps (not less than the width of the foot);
span angle;
right or left handrail, etc.

In a single-flight staircase, the angle of inclination is usually within 45 °. The gentle slope takes more material and supporting parts of sufficient thickness. Too steep stairs are not very convenient, especially for descending children and the elderly. They are used to go to auxiliary and utility rooms where they rarely go - attic, attic, pantry or basement.

We divide the height of the floor by the distance between the steps in height - this is the number of steps. It is indicated in mm - from point to point, without taking into account the thickness of building materials. Optimally in the frame of modular stairs, the distance between the feet in height is about 20 cm. But there may be options, especially if there are children in the house who will often climb these steps.

The width of the step is determined by the length of the march, but taking into account the tread, which can protrude forward on the tread of 250-320 mm. A tread is a fragment of a step from the leading edge to the projection below it. Next, we draw up a diagram or drawing-drawing of the future design with the designation of all markings.

The dimensions of the stairs determine the consumption of materials:

under the bearing elements;
for risers;
supports and fasteners;
sheet metal for steps.

What is the easiest thing to do on your own?

1. Cantilever stairs without inclined supports look light and compact. The steps are fixed at the side end with special horizontal pins. Only a pro can handle such an installation, but thick glass can be inserted into the frame of the step to literally take off above “weightlessness”.

2. The simplest is a straight single-flight staircase, it is easier to make a frame for a staircase with your own hands than for a rounded or spiral one. It is only important to observe a right angle and the location of the steps parallel to the floor. Steps will lie on the supports, sidewalls, ends, risers and handrails will rise from them. A little more difficult is a marching structure with landings. They are mounted on vertical supports or directly to the wall.

3. Spiral staircases are almost the only way out with a minimum area for the lower support of the staircase structure. They are not very comfortable to lift, but they look great. The great thing is that some designs require a minimum of welding. For example, if sleeves of 230-250 mm are strung on a wide pipe between floors, between which wedge-shaped metal steps are located, then it remains only to fix them with railings from the outside at regular intervals.

Attention: Under the sleeves, a galvanized pipe of a slightly larger section of almost the same length is needed. The cutting is done strictly perpendicular so that the step angle is not distorted, and the sleeves must sit tightly on the main pipe between the steps. With a significant difference in the diameter of the base and sleeves, a sealant is laid. The edges of the sleeves must be sanded or sanded. You can separately weld each step to its sleeve.

wooden stairs

Much of the above applies to wooden stairs:

determining the length of the stairs;
calculation of the height of the steps;
width and number of steps, etc.

A ladder frame made of natural wood is more expensive than a metal one, but it is easier and more pleasant for a home craftsman who knows how to work with wood to make a ladder without welding with his own hands. But it is important to consider that wood is a softer material and less durable. The steps of such a ladder can creak and sag over time. But designers have also developed universal structures based on metal and wood of a modular type. For example, a modular prefabricated staircase "Ladder", video:

For the construction of the frame, wood will be required for the main structural details, and subsequently for the railings and finishing details. For the base you will need:

steps;
stringers (an inclined part with cut corners for fastening steps and risers);
risers (closes the gap between the steps);
base beams;
landing (if the design involves a turn).

Tip: Use the illustrations to choose the most aesthetically pleasing staircase option that you can afford, but keep in mind that for any design there must be enough space in the house, especially at the bottom of the support.

Based on the selected sample, we design the frame of a wooden staircase with our own hands. The drawings must indicate the exact dimensions, taking into account:

sufficient area of the room where the span will be located;
width, height (between two floors) and total length of the stairs; * * sizes of steps;
rise and riser height.

Attention: When planning the frame of a wooden staircase, if it will cover several floors, the height between each floor must be clarified and adjusted! An approximate drawing of the frame with dimensions.

The height of the rise (the distance between the steps in height) can be varied - from 15 to 28 cm. You can save on the amount of wood by reducing the number of steps, due to more height, but this will make it difficult to descend (ascent).

The frame of a straight flight staircase sometimes cannot be placed in the allocated space, so sometimes you have to break it into 2-3 fragments. This is also a good design, but more wood is required. With a minimum of space, a spiral wooden staircase with railings is built - photo:

The flights of stairs and the landing make adjustments to the formula for calculating the number and height of the feet. Classic formula:

2.8-(1.8+0.25)=0.75 m;
where 1.8 + 0.25 is the average height of a person;
2.8 m - the height of the ceiling of the house;
take into account the minimum clearance.

Attention: Do not make the stairs too narrow - at least 0.75 m, and sometimes it is required to separate the stairwell or a portable glass gallery on the side of the house for a full-fledged staircase. Such a decision has to be made for a separate entrance to the attic or extension.

It is important to think about the method of attaching the frame to the lower support and the upper floor, as well as the attachment points for the structural details of the staircase itself. Its durability and safety largely depend on the reliability of fastening to the floor. For more reliability, you can use:

metal plates;
corners;
anchor;
screws and other specialized equipment.

Tip: It is important to observe an equal step between the steps. Even if there are stairs of different designs in a big house, the legs get used to the same height. If there is a difference between the number and height of the march, and there is still some space left without a step on the frame, it is not recommended to equalize the error from above. It is better to make a wide decorative step below.

Attention: In no case, do not equalize the difference at the top, especially if there are problems with lighting.

To learn how to assemble the elements of the entire structure of a wooden marching staircase, watch the video:

When arranging a mid-flight staircase, one of the most important and serious stages that determine its quality is the installation of marches. Their number and type of installation depends on the type of stairs. We will consider the features and requirements for the installation of flights of stairs below.

Requirements for flights of stairs

Marching stairs are of several types:

single-march;
two-march;
multi-march.

The simplest option is the arrangement of a single-flight staircase, they are typical for low buildings. If the number of degrees in the staircase does not reach the mark of sixteen pieces, then the construction of a single-flight staircase will be relevant for it.

Otherwise, it is required to equip a structure consisting of several marches. Its construction will cost more and much more difficult. Multi-flight stairs consist of a certain number of flights, which are separated by special platforms.

There is an order of building codes that apply to the construction of a marching staircase. A march is called a building structure, which is located in a straight oblique line or in a curvilinear way. The minimum number of steps in the arrangement of mid-flight stairs is three pieces, and the maximum is sixteen. If there are more steps, then the construction of a horizontal platform is required.

The central line dividing the span is called the sunrise line, its location should be at least thirty centimeters away from the tread. Therefore, the value of the minimum width of the flight of stairs is sixty centimeters. On such a ladder it is convenient to move only one person. The march requires mandatory fencing with railings located on both sides of the stairs.

The landing of the building is called the horizontal part, which is located in the interval between marches. When calculating its size or shape, one should proceed from the average step length of the average person.

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the basic requirements for the arrangement of the landing:

the value of the width of the platform and the stairs must be the same;
its length is the length of the flight of stairs;
with a parallel arrangement of marching elements in front of each other, the platform should have a rectangular or rounded shape, with a perpendicular one, its shape will be in the form of a square.

The most common place to install a flight of stairs is a multi-storey building. It is during the arrangement of mid-flight stairs in these places that structures made of concrete or reinforced concrete are most often used. To perform the full range of these works, the intervention of special equipment is required.

Before installing the flight of stairs, it is required to check its high quality. This is done in two ways:

visual;
measuring.

With the help of a visual inspection, debris, dirt, cracks, frost are detected - all this is eliminated by cleaning. With the help of the measuring method, the compliance of the shape and size of the flight of stairs with geometrically predetermined parameters is checked.

In the process of installing the flights of stairs, each stage of work is carefully controlled, all the details of the stairs are checked, and the installation of welding and finishing work is completed.

Flights of stairs photo:

According to the requirements laid out in special documents, there are maximum permissible deviations when installing flights of stairs:

with a horizontal arrangement of steps - 0.2 cm;
with a horizontal arrangement of sites - 0.5 cm;
with vertical installation of elements providing fencing - 0.3 cm;
in the mismatch of the upper row of the roof - 0.5 cm;
discrepancy between the depth of support of sections of horizontal value - 0.5 mm.

Deviations from the norm in relation to the dimensions of the details of the stairs are more than 0.3 cm in thickness and up to 0.5 cm in length. The presence of cracks, sagging, rust spots, fat accumulations on the details of the stairs is unacceptable.

The construction of stair structures begins to be carried out after the spans are filled with concrete slabs. Fixation of the flight of stairs is carried out using cement mortar, the thickness of which does not exceed three centimeters. The solution must be of high quality and freshly prepared.

Calculation of a flight of stairs: features of carrying out

The calculation of stair flights of dimensions is carried out taking into account the load on the supporting structures, which are the consoles. Since the ladder is exposed to dynamic loads almost daily, the rigidity of the load-bearing elements must be of high quality. The value of their deflection should not exceed four hundredth of one span. To calculate the load on the stair consoles, the own weight of the structure should be added to the temporary loads, for a residential building this value is three hundred kilograms per square meter.

Keep in mind that a person uses several times more energy to climb stairs than when moving along a horizontal straight line. Experts say that for the correct calculation of a comfortable and, most importantly, safe staircase, you need to double the height of the riser, add the width of the step to it, this value will show the average step of a person. If we take into account the length of the step on the treads, then it is 60-64 cm. Therefore, to determine the tread and rise, this formula should be used: 2 * A + B \u003d 60-64 cm.

In addition, there is an alternative version of the above formula: A + B \u003d 460, in which A is the height of the tread, and B is its width.

When calculating the width of the tread, it should be assumed that the leg should rest on it completely, which means it should be at least 20 cm and maximum - 32 cm. The best option is the riser height of 15 cm and the step width of 30 cm. If the width of the tread is quite large, then when climbing the stairs, a person will constantly go astray, otherwise, with a minimum width of the tread, the descent from the stairs will be steep, which will lead to injury to people who use it for its intended purpose.

The scheme of the flight of stairs is based on the fact that when calculating the angle of inclination of the flight of stairs, one should take into account the factor that the best options are values from 24 to 38 degrees. The space in the room that it occupies depends on the angle of inclination of the stairs. If there is an angle of inclination that is less than twenty-four degrees, it is recommended to install a ramp - a flat platform for descent. If the angle of inclination is more than forty-five degrees, then the ladder is built folding or attached.

The most difficult process when arranging stairs with a steep angle is to ensure a safe descent. If the angle of inclination of the ladder is more than forty-five degrees, then to ensure safety, the launch on it is carried out only facing backwards.

When calculating the number of steps, factors such as the height of the floor and the angle of inclination should be taken into account. When determining the exact location of the stairs and the height of the room, it is possible to independently determine the number of steps. To do this, you need to draw a drawing of a flight of stairs, in which the staircase and its main components will be drawn up to a millimeter. The drawing of the flight of stairs is carried out in relation to the height of the flight of stairs.

The floor height value indicates the distance between the height marks of the finished floors on the first and second floors. For example, when finishing the floor of the first floor with laminates, and the second with tiles, all layers of the finish, including the concrete screed, should be taken into account. The standard height of one floor is 280 cm, sometimes 300, 270 or 330 cm. In this case, the ceiling height in the room will be 240 cm. With this height, it is possible to install a staircase in which the steps meet all safety standards. If there is a different height of the flight of stairs, the height of the steps should be calculated very carefully, while taking into account the size of the riser. If there are small errors in the calculations, then it is better to distribute them between the first steps, and leave the size of the remaining steps the same.

When arranging steps of different heights, the staircase becomes traumatic. If there is a non-standard height of the flight of stairs, you need to take care of lowering the level of the subfloor of the first and second floors. To equalize the difference between the floor in the house and the landing, the level of the finished floor should be made below the level of the landing. In this case, the threshold will be absent, and the floor will be equipped in an inclined way.

The device of the flight of stairs

During the construction of multi-storey buildings, flights of stairs are one of the main components that provide vertical communication between floors. Their installation is a rather laborious process that requires special care and attention.

There are three options for the location of the march:

straightforward;
curvilinear;
oblique way.

To easily remove moisture from the stairs, the lower edge of the flight of stairs must be higher than the first.

In addition, there are several forms of landings, which are:

tetrahedral;
multifaceted;
curvilinear shape.

Installation work on the arrangement of the flight of stairs begins with the reinforcement of surfaces, this process will help protect the stairs from heavy loads. Since a flight of stairs is influenced by many factors: gravity from its own mass, people and things that move along it, reinforcement is a mandatory process. Reinforcement of a single-flight staircase is carried out in its lower part, and two-flight structures require reinforcement both from above and below, while the upper reinforced section smoothly passes from the landing to the surface of the steps. Due to the susceptibility of stairs to high loads, they need to be reinforced in a concrete wall.

The installation of flights of stairs itself begins after the level masonry is performed. the first span and the platform are installed in the presence of internal masonry of the wall, and the following masonry is already carried out floor by floor.

Landing installation

The main stages of work on the installation of the landing:

implementation of work on marking the installation site of the site;
application of concrete solution on the surface of persistent places;
direct site installation.

To check the horizontal position of the landing, a building level is used. To check the interval between the sites, the manufacture of a special wooden template is required, according to which the check is carried out. The spans on the interfloor ceilings are installed in the same way as the platforms. The installation of the flight of stairs begins with its laying first on the lower section, and then on the upper one. Scrap helps to eliminate minor flaws that arise during the installation process.

Installation of prefabricated flights of stairs

Since making flights of stairs with your own hands is an almost impossible procedure, in the absence of a special tool and skills in working with it, it is better to resort to buying a prefabricated structure. In this case, consider the option with a staircase made of reinforced concrete.

This type of flight stairs is absolutely fireproof and is installed on stairwells. Their installation is carried out with the help of cranes, since it is impossible for people to lift such a weight.

The most common version of the flight of stairs is its one-to-two slope; such stairs are the basis of almost any multi-storey building. At the same time, there are prefabricated structures with a slope of one to one and a half, they are relevant for cottages or private houses.

There are several types of such marches:

flat shape, on which there are no frieze steps, but there is a ribbed surface;
ribbed type with the presence of one or two half-platforms.

Their main difference is that the first option uses a reinforced flat pipe as reinforcement, while the second option uses a reinforced beam or stringer.

Each flight of stairs involves the individual production of its own landing. There are two types of execution of flights of stairs and platforms:

left-sided;
right-sided.

Before starting construction work, you should carefully calculate the size of the flight of stairs and the landing. Since their installation is carried out in accordance with the working drawing of the project, which clearly indicates the height marks, horizontal dimensions and installation clearances.

Stairs, in this case, are installed during the construction of walls. Before starting installation work, it is required to check the flight of stairs and the platform using a tape measure. Next comes the manufacture of their wooden template, which is identical to the natural version, it copies the supporting components of the stairs.

Next, the installation site of the site is marked on the wall, the solution is applied and it is installed. The next process is to check the evenness of the installed site. If the platform is installed incorrectly, then a crowbar or correction with a crane is used to correct it.

If the site does not comply with the pre-calculations, the installation of the flight of stairs will end with its failure or location in a crooked position. To check the accuracy of the site installation, it is recommended to use a template made of wood.

The supply of flights of stairs is carried out with the help of a crane, which in the process of lifting makes it slightly inclined. If there are no mounting loops on the march, then a fork is used.

Before the installation of flights of stairs, a bed is made on the basis of a cement-sand mixture. It is located in the places of reference, the application is carried out manually, with the help of trowels.

To install a flight of stairs, a minimum of three people are required, one of whom stands on the lower platform, and the second on the upper one. The third - acts as a driver. As the flight of stairs moves, the person on top takes it first. 35-40 cm before landing, the march should be pressed tightly against the wall and sent to the stairwell. First, the lower part of the march is installed, and then the upper one. With the help of a crowbar, minor flaws are corrected and the march is uncoupled from the crane. The seams between the marches and landings are covered with a monolithic mortar. When installing the march in the opposite position, first the top and then the bottom, it will fall off the site.

When carrying out work in low-rise buildings in the form of cottages, the arrangement of reinforced concrete stairs takes place in open stairwells. To save space, it is possible that there is no landing. In this case, the stairs ascend and descend directly from the concrete floor. The flight of stairs rests on the surface of a bearing lintel or reinforced concrete beam. In no case is it allowed to rest the floor slab on the surface of the slabs. The installation height of the jumpers depends on the total thickness of the floor covering to be installed.

The standard appearance of marches implies the presence of smooth reinforced concrete steps, which are further finished with marble or granite treads. They come with the stairs. Staircases are also trimmed with this material. Please note that the tread is taken into account when calculating the height of the finished floor. When organizing the entrance to the building through the staircase, the first intermediate platform requires the organization of a basement march, numbering from three to six steps. In such cases, structures consisting of reinforced concrete steps are used.

The stairs were invented a long time ago, perhaps even before the wheel, and therefore any builder knows the optimal width and height of the step, the recommended span length and the width of the platforms. In short, when designing frame houses, the standards prescribe to make wide, not too steep stairs with spacious platforms. However, such a ladder takes up a lot of space. Well, in fact, who will buy a house with an area of 60-70 m 2, where the stairs take up almost 15 m 2 (7.5 m 2 on each floor)? So they shrink, they build ship (deck) stairs instead of domestic ones (those who served in the Navy will understand). It is difficult for older people to climb such stairs - it is inconvenient. They are closed with gates from small children, and older children are constantly shouted: "do not run up the stairs - you will fall." Do you need it all? A steep staircase is not cool. In our projects of frame houses, we make stairs with strict observance of norms and rules. Our ladders are easy to climb and descend, both for the elderly and for young children. The diagram below shows the optimal and permissible angles of inclination for domestic stairs.

Popular types of stairs

With a reasonable design approach, almost any type of structure can be made compact, but comfortable and safe. What kind of staircase will be in a frame house depends on several factors, namely its number of storeys, dimensions and the general style of the project. In fact, there are three types of stairs, namely:

Marching structures. The most common in the construction of frame houses. They are equally often equipped with one- and two-story frame houses. They are simple, aesthetic, but they take up a lot of space, so they are used mainly in larger projects where such a staircase can be placed. To ensure comfortable use, one span should not have more than 10-11 steps, and they themselves should not be located at too great a distance from each other horizontally and vertically. All this requires space, but single-story frame houses are often equipped with them to provide access to the attic, in which case the system can be made more compact.
Spiral stairs. Their key advantages are extreme compactness and beautiful appearance. Such a design in almost any design turns into an additional decoration of the hall.
Bolts stairs. Their feature is the absence of a massive supporting vertical frame, which gives the impression that the steps are just floating in the air. Such stairs are beautiful and take up a minimum of space, but they are reliable and convenient at the level of conventional marching structures.

The best materials for making stairs

Today, a staircase in a frame house can be made from almost any material. Of course, completely wooden structures will remain a classic solution for many years to come, which in skillful hands turn out to be practical, comfortable, durable, and thanks to modern methods of wood processing, also very durable. Oak, ash, beech and other species - almost any tree can be used to build something really interesting.

Traditionally, metal stairs are also popular. Forging, chrome-plated steel, a combination of different materials - there are a lot of options, and it all depends on the interior of the room. Metal stairs are compact, openwork in appearance and extremely durable. It is also necessary to note the increasingly popular now unusual design solutions. For example, a combination of chrome steel and impact-resistant glass, which allows you to get an invisible staircase that can become a real highlight of the room decor.

Thanks to a modern approach to the design and use of various materials, two-story frame houses can be equipped with almost all types of interfloor stairs. The choice of a specific type for each model is based on aesthetic feasibility, available space, usability and safety.

The construction of stairs in a frame house is most practical to start at the stage of construction work, then the risk of damage to walls and flooring is excluded. It is worth considering the requirements for the design, comply with certain standards.

External and internal - according to functional criteria;
Entrance and interfloor - according to the purpose of the element;
Transformable and stationary structures - according to the method of direct functioning;
Structurally, stairs can be made single-flight or multi-flight;
The layout is provided rotary, rectilinear.
The shape of the stairs may also differ in shape, have curved or straight flights.

What materials are made from

It is planned to manufacture stairs in a frame house made of wood, metal, and combined structures are also being created. Internal stairs installed in frame-type houses are mostly made of wood. When the task is to create a special architectural expressiveness of the structure, special attention should be paid to the railing (they must be made in the same style as the rest of the elements in the house). For example, you can take metal as the basis for the railing, but include in the design special point balusters made from high-quality and durable wood. The last option is considered combined. In some cases, a metal structure can be sheathed with wood; for such a ladder, it is necessary to correctly match the parts, form the necessary holes for self-tapping screws and screws. Bowstrings or stringers are made from a channel, a practical solution would be to choose an I-beam, high-quality angle steel, a range of pipes with a rectangular section. Hand forging can also be used for decoration.

Criteria for a comfortable and safe staircase

One of the main requirements for the design of the stairs is its logical relationship with the architecture of the building itself. All placed stairs must be a functional element, technologically and technically tied to the established uniform building standards. When designing a structure, you should definitely pay attention to such indicators as functioning and convenience. In particular, the angle of inclination should be no more than 45 degrees, the width and height of the steps, respectively, 30/15 centimeters. These are the optimal indicators that everyone who wants to build a reliable and durable staircase should be guided by. The width of the transition platforms and marches is set at a level of at least 120 centimeters, if you reduce this figure, the stairs will be uncomfortable. For example, if you have to take out furniture, this operation will be problematic, and the ascent and descent become too steep. If we consider a sample of compactness, it is worth highlighting spiral staircases, which, although infrequently, can be seen in a frame house.

Video with the criteria for a comfortable and safe staircase:

Good day dear readers!

Interesting fact– first we build a house, then the customer thinks, where to put the ladder.

As a result, most often an uncomfortable staircase is obtained, which takes up a lot of space.

Money does not always solve this problem either - they built luxurious houses (outside), and inside the whole layout was spoiled by a staircase, which, moreover, still has steps of not the same size and you can hardly climb up it.

It is very important at the stage of creating a house project to take into account where the stairs will be, the dimensions of the steps and the materials from which the stairs will be made.

In most cases, the staircase is a decoration in the house!

Of all the houses we have built, UNITS have a comfortable, compact and beautiful staircase. Therefore, this question (how to make a normal staircase) concerns almost everyone.

1) Standards of steps in a flight of stairs.

The best option is:

Step length - 300 mm.

Step height (tread) - 150 mm.

All other sizes are already tangible inconvenience and discomfort. If you make the height of the step (tread) - 160 mm, then you will immediately feel the difference. It would seem that only 10 mm cannot somehow affect the convenience of walking up the stairs, but this is not so.

Even a slight change in the standard (step length and tread height) is already noticeable when you climb up the stairs.

If you make the height of the step (tread) less than 150 mm, then there is a feeling in your legs that you are not walking, but “minching” with small steps. Surprisingly, if the height of the step (tread) is 140 mm, the difference is clearly noticeable (from the standard)!

Why change the standard steps: most often when the ladder does not fit into the volume allotted for it. Therefore, the owners of houses increase the height of the steps (up to 200 mm) to reduce the number of steps, and consequently the volume occupied by the stairs also decreases.

If you have ever climbed a ladder that has a step height of 200 mm, then you understand me perfectly. If you make the step length more than 300 mm, then when walking on such a ladder, you will have to take a wider step or a couple of small steps along one step.

A step length of more than 300 mm will not spoil the stairs very much (compared to the height of the tread). Often a longer step is made in shops, schools and other public places.

In private houses, a step length of more than 300 mm is very rarely done, since this is a loss of living space.

Staircase width- from 900 mm - up to 1200 mm and more. The best option is about 1000 mm. In case of emergency, you can minimally change the standard steps. Let me emphasize again: in case of emergency, you can change the step standard to the following parameters: step length - 280 mm, step height - from 140 mm to 160 mm.

2) Types of stairs inside the house.

Stairs are:

Normal with straight marches and one landing.

Corner with one transition platform.

- "P" shaped with two transitional platforms.

Screw (MOST NOT CONVENIENT).

With a direct march (without a transition platform).

Mixed.

The best and most compact staircase is the usual one with straight flights and one transitional platform. This is the simplest and most common ladder.

The corner with one transition platform looks very impressive. But such a staircase takes up much more living space than a conventional staircase with straight flights and a landing.

Such an angled staircase creates a wonderful “second light”, thanks to which a very bright room is obtained on the first floor.

3) The materials from which stairs are made.

Stairs are made from:

Iron - concrete.

Various stone materials.

Combined.

One of the best options is combined staircase made of a metal frame sheathed with wood. The advantages of such a ladder:

- Individual approach in each house.

Stairs can be absolutely any shape and any size.

Good quality.

No squeaks and subsidence (thanks to the metal frame).

4) Manufacturing technology of the corner staircase.

We dig a hole in the place where the first flight of stairs will rest (the very first step).

The depth of the pit is about 800 mm, the length is 400 mm, and the width is slightly larger than the width of the flight of stairs itself (see photo above). We fill the pit with concrete not reaching the top of the pit 150 mm.

We lay a pre-welded mesh of reinforcement with two anchors protruding from it (reinforcement with a diameter of 12 mm) approximately 250 mm long. And then completely fill the hole with concrete.

As a result, we got a hemp foundation, with two anchors sticking out of it (reinforcement with a diameter of 12 mm). We will weld the flight of stairs to the anchors.

b) Transitional platform.

The transition platform is made of a channel 140 mm wide. The edge of the channel must be brought into the wall. You can also pour concrete into the channel in the wall at the end, after the staircase is completely welded.

It turns out that the transition platform touches two walls of the house. In two walls it is necessary to make three holes and start a channel. Outwardly, it looks like the letter “P”, with a tail, three ends of which went into the wall. In other words, we got three consoles sticking out of the walls, connected at the intersection.

The result was a transition platform, rigidly clamped by consoles in the wall. This transition platform design does not require installation of an additional column at the edge of the site as a support.

Nuance: sometimes the transition platform is cut in half (diagonally) to reduce the number of steps. Such a transition platform consisting of two triangles (at different heights) last resort as it is uncomfortable when walking.

If for the first time you walk along such a transition platform without attention, then you can easily twist your leg and fly down.

c) a flight of stairs.

Two channels (140 mm) are welded to the transition platform, and the other ends of the channel rest on the stump foundation and are welded to the anchors.

We make steps and treads from the corner (the width of the corner shelf is 50 mm):

The flight of stairs does not have to be done close to the wall, as the walls will be plastered (or sheathed with drywall).

(on the second floor). We weld two channels (140 mm) to the transition platform, and rest the other two ends of the channel on the ceiling and weld it:

We make steps and treads from the corner (the width of the corner shelf is 50 mm).

d) Welding work.

The ladder is welded by conventional electric welding. In those places where the tree will touch the metal, it is best to weld the seam from the inside (so that there are no bumps):

The end of the corner must be cut so as not to interfere:

e) nuance.

If the internal walls (where the channel rests in the wall) are made of soft materials (shell rock, aerated concrete, foam concrete, etc.), it is desirable during the construction of walls, in those places where the channel will be started, leave a hole (under the channel), and lay out a brick support for the channel under the hole:

e) Finishing the stairs with wood.

After the frame of the stairs is completely ready, we sheathe it with wood. You can sheathe only steps - it turns out an open staircase, and paint the frame to match the color of the wood of the steps.

g) Balusters and railings.

Balusters and railings can be made of wood or metal.

5) Nuances and typical mistakes.

They built a luxurious four-story house. The staircase was wooden, made of oak, with carved balusters. The railing was decorated with a round lamp in the form of a pearl framed with wood carvings. Of course, the stairs are very expensive.

In the process of finishing work, the customer decided to make warm floors in the corridors. The net height of the floor has risen by about 70 mm (to the height of the warm floor). Since the wooden staircase was already assembled, the increase in the finished floor mark reduced the height of the first step by 70 mm.

That is, the floors have risen, and the stairs have already been mounted and the first step on all floors has become 70 mm smaller. It turned out that all the steps of the stairs were 150 mm each, and the first step was 70 mm. Of course, a person gets used to everything. But to give a lot of money for such a ladder and end up with a misunderstanding ...

All floor heights (floor filling), future floor covering must be considered before installing the stairs. Of all the stairs that I have seen, very, very few are comfortable!

The best advice: If you are in doubt about choosing a staircase for your home, then the best thing is to experience the convenience of the stairs for yourself. Walk up the stairs you like several times.

Consult with those who have a staircase you like, ask about the disadvantages and advantages. The staircase in the house is done once, and the slightest flaws can remind you of themselves every day.

More stairs photos: