An excellent way to create a stylistic solution for the premises of a two-story house is a do-it-yourself spiral metal staircase. With the help of massive wooden steps you can enhance the rustic atmosphere of the house, and with the help of openwork forging you can enhance the Art Nouveau style.
Advantages
When choosing between a regular flight of stairs and a spiral staircase, preference is most often given to the latter for several reasons.
- Firstly, as already mentioned, the opportunity to save space in the room is of great importance for many: the entire structure is located around the central counter;
- Secondly, making a spiral staircase is often cheaper and easier than a traditional one;
- Well, and finally, this design looks much more impressive and original.
Important points
Let us place the main accents in the process of constructing a metal spiral staircase so that our design will serve us for a long time, be comfortable to use and, most importantly, safe:
- It is recommended to make winder steps without a riser, as this will increase the safety and convenience of this type of staircase;
- The steps usually have the shape of a truncated triangle. Actually, they are winder steps;
- It will be convenient to go up and down such a structure only if the width of the middle part of the steps is at least 20 centimeters;
- Another size is also important: at a distance of 15 centimeters from the central support, the width of the step should be at least 10 centimeters;
- The length of the steps of a metal spiral staircase can be chosen differently, it depends on how often and intensively you use it;
- With a small load, it is enough to make its diameter approximately equal to 140 centimeters. Then the length of the steps will be approximately 60 centimeters. If you have a large family and you often use the stairs to the second floor, choose a total diameter of 2 meters then the length of the steps will be at least 80 centimeters;
- When designing a spiral staircase, keep in mind that it should be designed so that a person of average height does not touch his head on the steps of the next turn;
- In order to give the entire structure sufficient strength, make sure that the central support post is made with your own hands from reliable, durable metal. It is better if it is a pipe with a diameter of at least 80 mm. The support post is set strictly vertically using a plumb line. The lower point of the support post is fixed at a point on the floor that can withstand a sufficiently high load;
- It is much easier to attach the support post to a wooden floor, as shown in the video. It is enough to use a special radial fastening and anchor bolts. If the floor is concrete, the base of the rack will have to be concreted by installing guy wires;
- In order to be able to secure the steps to the central support post in their narrowest part, using a drill and a crown attachment, drill holes with a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the pipe with your own hands. Between the steps, bushings are placed on the support - the length of the bushings must correspond to the calculated distance between the steps. To protect the wood of the steps, metal washers are inserted between the bases of the bushings and the surfaces of the steps. Their thickness should be taken into account in the overall height of the structure. Please note that it is most convenient to make the distance between the steps equal to 15-20 centimeters. If you add the thickness of the steps to this size, you get the total height of the stairs;
- With the help of fastening brackets in places where the wide part of the steps overlaps, you can further strengthen the structure of the spiral staircase.
Phased construction
- The assembly of the metal structure should begin with the installation of the central support post;
- Then bushings, washers and steps are successively strung around it;
- When this part of the work is done, the steps are rotated around the stand to the required distance according to the fan principle. The guideline is the first and last step, which are secured in the correct position before others;
- The next step is to install additional mounting brackets. The upper step is securely attached to the interfloor ceiling;
- The last stage of installation will be the installation of railing posts and handrails.
Choosing a staircase design for a private house or apartment with several levels is not an easy task. After all, it should be comfortable, reliable, fit naturally into the interior and not take up much space. Especially when space is limited. In this case, the best option would be to choose a spiral staircase. The material for its manufacture is most often metal or wood, but metal products are more durable and more sophisticated in design. Therefore, next we will consider how a metal spiral staircase can be made with your own hands.
What are the differences between spiral staircase designs?
The method of fastening the steps determines the design of the spiral staircase. The traditional type is cantilever, when the entire load is carried by a central support rod to which metal brackets are welded. The support is made of a pipe with a diameter of 5-7 cm with thick walls. The brackets can serve as steps or serve as the basis for further cladding.
A logical continuation of the cantilever type is the design on bolts. In it, the steps are connected to each other along the outer edge by steel rods - bolts and railing parts. From the inside, the edge of the steps is attached to sleeves, which in turn are put on the support pillar. Thus, the load is distributed throughout the entire structure.
There are variants of spiral staircases without a supporting axis, where the power units are load-bearing beams - stringers or bowstrings. In the first case, the steps are located on support beams, in the second, they are mounted to them with their ends.
A good project is the basis of everything
The development of a spiral staircase project should be based on its safety and ease of use, therefore it is necessary to take into account some rules described in regulatory documents:
- distance between turns (H 1), i.e. between the bottom step and the one above it - at least 200 cm;
- comfortable step height (h) – 15-19 cm;
- minimum step length – 80 cm;
- the optimal line of movement along a spiral staircase lies approximately 2/3 of the width of the flight, so the depth of the tread on it (e 0) should be at least 20 cm, and at a distance of 15 cm from the central pillar - at least 10 cm;
- The height of the rise of the step and the depth of the tread are interconnected by a relationship that must be fulfilled:
2h+e 0 =60…65 cm,
- the ratio of tread thickness to step length should be within 1:20;
- with a flight width of up to 150 cm, the staircase must be equipped with railings 90-100 cm high;
- for safe ascent to the upper level, the dimensions of the staircase opening at each edge must be 10 cm larger than the diameter of the screw structure.
Having familiarized ourselves with the standards, we move on to calculations.
Note! Before starting design, determine the entry and exit points of the staircase, its angle of rotation and direction of rotation.
Next we will talk about a staircase on rails, which has a support pillar with a diameter of 76 mm, a step length of 1 m and a rotation angle of 270 degrees. The lifting height H (the distance between the finished floor at the lower and upper levels) is 3 m.
Radius along the ascent line
R 0 =38+1000∙2/3=705 mm
Length of the stairs along the line of travel
L 0 =3/4∙2πR 0 =3/4∙2∙3.14∙705=3321 mm
We take the height of the steps h=190 mm. Then the number of steps:
n=H/h=3000/190=15.8
Round to 16 and clarify h=3000/16=188 mm. More precisely, 15 rises of 188 mm each and one (on the first stage) of 180 mm.
The role of the last step is played by the platform on the upper level, therefore, we have 16 ascents and 15 steps.
Now we get the width of the tread along the line of movement e 0 =3321/15=222 mm, which corresponds to the standards.
We check this value for ergonomics: 2∙222+188=632 mm., i.e. Everything fits here too.
We calculate the length of the stairs based on the outer diameter and the width of the steps from this edge:
L=3/4∙2∙3.14∙(38+1000)=4489 mm., e=4489/15=326 mm
Let's determine the size of the landing, assuming that the thickness of the upper floor is 20 cm. Rising by 18.8 cm with each step, on the fourth the distance to the ceiling will be 205.6 cm. This means that the landing can only cover 4 steps.
The main dimensions of our stairs have been calculated. Based on them we make a design drawing, which will be the basis for manufacturing.
Building a staircase
For axial support you will need a Ø57 mm pipe. with thick walls. It will be fitted with sleeves from the same pipe, but with a diameter of 76 mm. For steps, a profiled pipe 25x40 mm is suitable.
The progress of work is as follows:
- We cut the sleeves. The cutting plane must be strictly perpendicular to the axis so that the density of the sleeves is maximized.
- To ensure that the sleeves fit on the support axle without backlash or gaps, we will use 6 mm O-rings. rods - 2 for each sleeve, screwing them onto a thinner pipe.
- We cut the rings, making a gap, and weld them at each end of the sleeve. Now, to ensure a tight fit, we use a router to sand the inside of the rings.
- For the same and correct geometry of the step frames, we need a jig. We make it from chipboard, several bars and a pipe mandrel.
- We put the blanks under the steps into the jig, mark the cutting lines, cut along them and weld everything into one whole. When finished, clean the seams.
- Next we assemble the frame. We put the sleeves with steps on the central support and install the resulting structure on the prepared site. The lower part is concreted, and the upper part is attached to the ceiling.
- We turn the steps at the desired angle, after which we weld racks made of profiled pipe between them. We fix the sleeves together by welding.
The staircase frame is ready. After priming and painting, the steps are sheathed and railings are installed. How easy it is to create a spiral staircase made of metal with your own hands, see the video below.
A hand-made metal spiral staircase is the perfect combination of design elegance and material strength.
Advantages:
- the ability to pre-make all components;
- assembly is very simple;
- resistance to damage;
- durability of the structure;
- variety of designs;
- possibility of combination with other materials: concrete, wood, plastic.
Metal spiral staircases can be forged or welded.
Forging technology is very complex. And you can master the skill of welding in a fairly short time.
Tools:
- Bulgarian;
- electric drill;
- welding machine;
- building levels;
- hacksaw for metal;
- spanners;
- hammer.
Metal selection
Recently, cast iron spiral staircases have gained popularity. These products are durable, reliable and beautiful. Their only drawback is the complexity of implementation and high cost. Therefore, to make a metal spiral staircase with your own hands, it is better to use steel. This is a cheaper and more practical material. Aluminum can be used, but it is often used for components such as railings. Aluminum is not suitable for load-bearing elements.
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Choosing a spiral staircase design
Depending on the type of load-bearing element, spiral staircases are mounted:
- on stringers. The steps from above are laid on the supporting beam and attached to it. The ends of the steps are left open;
- on the bowstrings. The steps are attached to the inside of the supporting beams, the ends are not visible;
- on pain. There are 2 options. First, there is no supporting beam; the steps are fixed to the wall using special bolts. Second, the staircase has a central support; the steps are reinforced with bolts.
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Calculation of a spiral staircase
It is performed with an emphasis on ease and safety of use. To do this, you need to study the norms, sizes, restrictions and requirements (GOST and SNiP).
Spiral staircase dimensions
- H – lifting height (distance from the floor of the first floor to the floor of the second floor);
- H 1 – distance between turns. Must be at least 2 m;
- h – riser height. Should vary from 15 to 19 cm;
- h 1 – tread depth. The value can vary from 25 to 30 cm for main stairs; for service stairs it can be slightly reduced.
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Safety requirements
The requirements and standards that apply to a spiral staircase are based on GOST and SNiP.
- the depth of the tread with the height of the riser can vary within the specified limits, but it is necessary to comply with the following ratio: 2h + h 0 = 60...65 cm;
- near the central pillar, the tread depth should be at least 10 cm;
- if the width of the structure itself is more than 1.5 m, you need to install an additional central stringer;
- the width of the steps for the main stairs must be at least 90 cm;
- the size of the staircase opening needs to be 10 cm wider than the radius of the screw structure on each side, so as not to scratch your hands on the ceiling;
- if the width of the flight of stairs is less than 1.5 m, then the product is equipped with railings 90-100 cm high;
- The ratio of tread thickness to width is 1:20.
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Calculation of a spiral staircase
- R = 1.8 m – outer radius of the structure;
- r = 0.8 m – internal radius. It is equal to the bending radius of the wall along which the metal staircase runs;
- H = 3 m – height of the structure;
- The angle of twist of the structure is 270 °.
The length of the staircase (L 1) is calculated based on its outer radius. Because the structure runs 3/4 of a circle, or 270°, the length along the outer edge is:
L 1 = 3 / 4 * 2πR = 3 / 4 * 2 * 3.14 * 1.8 = 8.5 m.
The length of the stairs along the inner edge (L 2) is calculated similarly.
L 2 = 3 / 4 * 2πr = 3 / 4 * 2 * 3.14 * 0.8 = 3.8 m.
These indicators determine the length of the side stringers, internal and external.
If we take the step height h = 15 cm, then the number of steps (n) can be determined using the formula:
n = H/h = 3/0.15 = 20.
It turns out that the staircase will have 20 steps. But the role of the last step will be played by the platform of the second tier, which means there will be 19 steps.
Now, if you divide L 1 and L 2 by 19, you get the tread depth at the inner edge (h 1 = 19 cm) and at the outer edge (h 2 = 44 cm), respectively.
Knowing the dimensions of the steps of a spiral staircase, you can determine the fillets that are used to fasten them, as well as the number of corners required to make the filles.
For the external stringer you need 19 fillies (according to the number of steps) with side sizes of 15 and 44 cm, for the internal stringer - 19 fillies 15 cm by 19 cm.
Then the length of the stairs along the main ascent line (L 0) and the depth of the tread (h 0) in a given location are calculated.
L 0 = 3 / 4 * 2πR 1, where R 1 = 2/3 R = 1.2 m therefore
L 0 = 3 / 4 * 2 * 3.14 * 1.2 = 5.6 m
h 0 = L 0 / 19 = 30 cm.
Then you need to check the results using the formula 2h + h 0 = 60...65 cm. If the equation does not converge, you need to adjust the height of the step and recalculate the indicators.
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Calculation of the structure site
The dimensions of the landing of the upper tier are calculated. If they take 1 step, they rise to a height of 15 cm. If they overcome 5 steps - 75 cm. The height of the ceiling is 20 cm, then at the 5th step the height to the ceiling will be 205 cm, which is allowed, since the value of H 1 must be no less 2 m. That is, under the platform of the second tier there can be no more than 5 steps.
The projection of a spiral staircase onto a horizontal plane will look like this: the beginning of the structure is marked with a vertical bold line. The end of the arrow will point to the exit. The platform of the second tier is marked in white, below it are the first 5 steps.
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Spiral staircase on two stringers
If you decide to make a metal spiral staircase on two stringers, then their lengths will be 8.5 m for the external one and 3.8 m for the internal one (calculations made above). You can order the welding of the profile or make a steel frame with your own hands.
You will need a metal profile with a rectangular cross-section. “Kerchiefs” are cut out of it. Some - according to the height of the riser, others - according to the depth of the tread. Then they are welded at right angles. The result will be a frame in the shape of a “ladder”.
If you intend to make an open frame that is visible and is not covered by the casing, then you need to work with the welding seams so that they are not visible. Cover the finished structure with enamel.
Install wooden steps on a metal staircase. The tread is screwed to the profile with self-tapping screws or secured using corners installed on the inside of the frame.
Be sure to install fences. On the outer part of the staircase, stainless steel railings are welded to the frame of the steps, and on the inner part they are fixed to the wall. The wall below is protected with a galosh. The railing posts are welded at intervals of 60 cm from each other. The height of the handrail is 90 cm, the gap between the posts must be covered with panels. You can also install aluminum railings. The metal spiral staircase is finished.
A spiral staircase to the second floor is one of the most popular designs for communication between floors. Can save space and decorate the interior of any room. They can be installed in the smallest areas, in an apartment, country house or cottage. Also known as a pivot, round or radial design.
Construction and calculation of a spiral staircase
The design of spiral staircases has a number of disadvantages, for example, they are not always convenient, especially for the elderly and small children. In this case, it is preferable to use a regular flight as the main interfloor rise, and a rounded structure is ideal as a service or technical one, since it does not take up too much space.
To avoid falls and injuries, you must carefully prepare your spiral staircase design. Only if all requirements (GOST and SNiP) and construction rules are met, the product will turn out to be convenient and practical.
Drawings and dimensions of staircases
- H – height of the stairs. It is the sum of the distance to the ceiling and the thickness of the ceiling (h p);
- H 1 – the distance between the turns of the staircase, that is, the height to which you can climb after completing one full turn.
Important: H 1 should not be less than 2 meters, otherwise when climbing you can hit your head on the top step;
- h – riser height – the distance that can be climbed by climbing one step. It is believed that the most convenient height is from 12 to 22 cm;
- h 1 – tread depth. It should be sufficient so that when descending the foot does not slip off the steps, and when ascending it provides reliable support for the foot. It is recommended to take values from 25 to 40 cm. At the central support, the depth of the tread step should be 10 cm or more;
To make movement convenient, the circular staircase must meet the following conditions:
2 h + h 1 = 60..65 cm (1)
A round staircase less than 1.5 meters wide must be equipped with railings 90 cm or more in height.
The design of the structure begins with the calculation of the main dimensions. Let's assume that the distance to the floor of the second floor (H) is 3 m. The width of the staircase (R) will be 1.2 m. The entrance location is strictly under the exit (i.e. the twist angle is 360°).
H = 3 m, R = 1.2 m, ω = 360°;
n = H / h, 3000 / 180 = 16.7
Rounding the value up, we get the answer - 17. But since the last step is the floor of the second floor, there will be 16 steps on our staircase.
The length of the stairs (L o) along the main ascent line is calculated as follows:
L o = 2πR 1, where R 1 = 2/3 R, therefore
L o = 4/3πR, substituting the value R = 1.2m into the formula, we get
h 1 = L / n = 5 / 17 = 0.29 m = 29 cm
Having checked our calculations using formula (1), we get the number 65. That is, a turning staircase with such parameters will be quite comfortable for walking.
Shape of steps
h 1 inner = 10cm
h 1 ext = L in / n, where
L in = 2πR = 2 * 3.14 * 1.2 = 7.536 m substitute the value
h 1 out = 7.536 / 17 = 0.44 m = 44 cm
It turned out that the depth of the tread at the outer edge is 440mm.
Of course, calculations very rarely result in integer numbers, as a result of which errors appear and the shape of the steps is distorted. To level this out, the size of the steps can be changed slightly, for example, making the first one slightly lower than the others. This way the remaining steps will remain the same.
Turning stairs, as a rule, are made without risers. This is explained by the fact that it is more convenient to move around such a structure. Therefore, the height of the steps may have a slight flaw.
Calculation of the distance to the ceiling
As we climb each step, we approach the ceiling to the height of the riser (h). In our case, this is 18 cm. Having overcome 4 steps, we will rise to 72 cm. If we take the thickness of the floor (h p) as 20 cm, then for the fourth step:
H 1 = H - 4h - h p = 300 - 72 - 20 = 208 cm
This is quite acceptable, since this parameter must be at least 2m.
When climbing to the fifth step, the loss of height will already be 90 cm and H 1 = 190 cm, with this value a tall person can hit his head.
Based on this, the length of the upper floor platform along the center line in our case should not exceed the depth of four treads, that is, 1.16 m.
This can be seen more clearly in the figure, which shows a round staircase, viewed from above. The site is highlighted in white. The dotted line is the steps that are located under it. The beginning of the flight of stairs coincides with the exit point. The rise occurs counterclockwise.
These calculations are approximate and do not take into account the thickness of the material from which components for spiral staircases will be made, for example, the covering of steps and some other nuances that must be taken into account.
How to make an opening in the ceiling
It is best to prepare a staircase opening in the ceiling of the second floor immediately, when building a private house. If this was missed, then in the case of wooden ceilings, it must be cut out before installing the interfloor structure.
The opening can have a round or rectangular shape, depending on whether round or square spiral staircases will be installed.
The main thing is that the basic condition must be met: the size of the opening must be 10 cm larger than the diameter of the spiral staircase on each side. This is necessary so as not to injure your hands on the walls when using the railing on the last steps.
If a round opening for the stairs is assumed, you should draw it on the floor of the lower floor and then transfer it to the ceiling.
A through hole is drilled in the center of the circle. Then, on the floor of the second floor, a pin is inserted into this hole and, using a rope, the length of which corresponds to the radius of the opening, and a pencil tied to it, a hole is outlined that needs to be cut out.
Alternatively, the area where the second floor platform is supposed to be made does not need to be removed. This will save time on its arrangement. In addition, the cost of a spiral staircase will be slightly lower. But at the same time, the most careful calculations are needed so as not to make a mistake with the location of the site.
The staircase opening is lined with a beam made of veneer in the shape of a circle. The beam consists of several layers, bent using steel circles and stops. The first and last layers must be made from solid pieces of veneer. For the manufacture of intermediate layers, it is allowed to use shorter pieces.
The design of the opening will be done better if the layers are made one at a time, then dried, glued and inserted into the next layer.
The finished beam is installed in the opening for the spiral staircase and secured with corner pads. To give a more aesthetic appearance, decorative skirting boards are additionally installed.
Finishing a staircase opening that is square in shape requires a minimum of effort and skill due to the lack of rounded parts.
Step-by-step instructions for making a staircase to the second floor
The production of spiral staircases begins with the selection of materials for load-bearing elements, components and cladding . As a central post, you can use either an iron pipe or a strong wooden beam of large diameter. Steps and handrails are usually made of solid wood, railings and railings are made of stainless steel or, again, wood.
Wooden steps
Wooden steps are usually made from oak, beech, maple and other hardwoods. Alternatively, you can buy ready-made steps for the stairs or use homemade ones, cutting the boards to the required size with your own hands.
For example, a rectangular board can be sawn diagonally and get 2 trapezoidal treads. Then you need to round off the edges, process the edges and varnish in 3 layers - the steps are ready.
Installation of balusters
You can cut balusters with your own hands from metal rods or wooden rods. When making racks, some need to be made slightly larger. They will go to the first and last steps and to the edges of the site. This will strengthen the strength of the entire structure and give the staircase a finished appearance.
You can try to make carved balusters with your own hands. For this you need a lathe. And in order to drill even holes in the ends of the racks, a regular drill will do. Adjust it approximately as in the photo:
Smooth holes are very important, because they ensure the strictly vertical position of the balusters.
Installation of railings
To make railings, you will need two types of wooden balusters: large posts that are installed at the corners, and small ones for each step. 
Making a bowstring
To bend a string for a ladder, soak a piece of wood in boiling water until completely softened, then bend it in the right places, secure it in a bent position and leave it to dry.
There is also a more modern way - gluing many thin lamellas together. A spiral staircase on a bowstring made in this way can take on the coolest shapes.
Assembly and installation of the structure
A metal spiral staircase is easy to manufacture and will fit perfectly into the interior of a country house or cottage. The most popular is the design with cantilever support of the steps on the casing. In this example, we will show how to build a staircase with turning steps with our own hands.
Installation of a spiral staircase begins with the installation of a central post, which is a thick-walled steel pipe with a diameter of at least 5 cm. Having secured the metal support, steps are strung onto it. After each step, a sleeve is put on.
Then the steps unfold like a fan. In this case, it is necessary to very accurately calculate where the beginning and end of the stairs are. Once the flight is complete, each step is connected using support brackets that are installed near the outer edge. Lastly, the railings are assembled - the posts (balusters) of the fence and handrails are mounted.
Thus we have a compact spiral staircase. If the product has a service or technical purpose, then you can make the steps a little narrower and save some more space. For example, in a country house, such wooden structures can be used to climb into the attic, instead of traditional folding ones.
Video: installation of a spiral staircase in Utah
Other installation technologies (with photos)
If you plan to place the product near a wall, then a spiral design is better suited, in which the shape of the steps varies from rectangular to trapezoidal, depending on the part of the flight - a square spiral staircase.
There are also types of spiral staircases without a central support. In this case, the steps are connected on one side by bolts, and on the other they are mounted directly into the wall or fastened with a stringer or bowstring. Building this structure is much more difficult. But her appearance is simply stunning.
Photo gallery: design options for stairs in the interior
Spiral staircases in the interior of a house or cottage perfectly complement the overall design composition. Due to its unusual design, the product adds sophistication to the room.
This is not only a communication system between floors, but also another way to realize your creative potential.
A beautiful and comfortable spiral staircase is quite simple and is perfect for organizing the transition to the attic or attic floor.
The main feature of screw structures is their unusual shape. Externally, the console of the building looks like a petal with rounded edges. The main advantage of the device is significant space savings in the house.
Most often it is placed in a vertical position, without inclined straight steps. Despite the fact that it is not entirely comfortable to walk along such a staircase, the entire structure can occupy only 1 square meter. m.
The structural part of spiral staircases may differ. The flight of stairs is fixed radially. If you pay attention to the horizontal cut of the screw in the diagrams, you will notice that it can be polygonal or round.
Types of spiral staircases:
- resting on a wall and supporting structure;
- supported by special support posts.
- supported on a fence or curved bowstrings;
- with pinching into the support post.
A wide variety of materials can be used for construction. Most owners prefer to build structures from concrete, wood or metal.
Advantages and disadvantages
- They do not clutter up the space, so they occupy a minimum amount of free space in the room. They are easy to install in small rooms;
- Provided that high-quality materials are selected and all construction rules are observed, this design has a stylish and modern design, so it can not only be a means of transportation, but also serve as home decoration;
- Compared to other types of staircases, the cost of spiral staircases is much lower, so home owners do not have to overpay for anything;
- The structures can be placed either against the wall or in the middle of the room;
- Marches can be installed with the narrowed side to the main central support or the wide part attached to the wall.
Screw structures have only one drawback. The point is that you can’t go up and down quickly without holding on to the railing. Otherwise, it could result in all sorts of injuries. To reduce the risk of getting caught, it is preferable to install flights with wider steps.
Professionals advise starting to make a drawing with a detailed plan of the first floor and indicating the area where it will be installed. The plan must include the exact dimensions of the opening, taking into account the given scale.
Rotating blades, as a result of which the shape of the steps changes, must also be drawn in detail, while all proportions must be respected. A separate diagram shows circular lifting angles.
Design calculation
Calculation of parts must be carried out with special care, otherwise errors will result in discomfort and bruises.
The calculation must be carried out according to the following rules:
- According to accepted standards, the minimum step length should be about 150 mm with a height of 300 mm. You should not violate these parameters, as this may result in a decrease in the level of security. Maximum figures vary around 140-160 mm in length and 280-300 in height.
- A significant factor is the angle of inclination. Naturally, the higher this indicator, the less space it takes up. Acceptable values vary from 23º to 45º. The most popular tilt angle is from 25º to 35º. An inclination angle of more than 45º is too sharp, so you can only climb the stairs backwards. But if the slope is less than 23º, it is more logical to install a ramp.
For the production of steps, wood with a denser texture is often used - tanned beech. Brittle rocks should be avoided, as they are not able to withstand the high loads placed on them.
The thickness of the finished elements should not be less than 50 mm if the height of the structure should not exceed 2 m. If the height of the structure is increased, then the thickness of the steps should be at least 60 mm. The number of steps is determined by dividing the height of the opening by the rise up.
The material used must be thoroughly dried and processed. It should be taken into account that if the wood is unevenly dried after installation, the wood gradually begins to lose moisture and deform, taking on the shape of a propeller.
Moreover, a damaged step must be replaced immediately after the defect appears, otherwise one step may pull other elements with it, compromising the strength of the structure. That is why professionals advise purchasing already planed material.
Drawings of spiral wooden staircases
Due to its efficiency and low cost, wood structures are especially popular. As a plan, you can use ready-made drawings developed by professionals.
As for the advantages of this type of device, it is undoubtedly fire resistance, the ability to combine various materials, modern design, ease of installation and durability.
Many modern home owners who follow fashion trends and their homes install spiral staircases not only inside, but also outside.
This is due to the fact that metal materials are least resistant to various climatic influences and withstand bad weather.
Concrete, metal, wood and brick pillars are used to construct the supporting structure. They are attached using elements, bolts and couplings welded to the pipe.
The steps are easiest to attach to a wooden stand. For this, bars, metal corners, etc. are used. The stand must be firmly fixed and able to withstand the total weight of all components and a person with a large body weight.
In addition to this, the main support column must be firmly connected to the lower and upper parts of the structure. The diameter of a wooden or concrete rack should be from 150 -500 mm or more, while a metal structure should not be less than 50 mm.
To make it convenient for residents to move, it is necessary to place the axles correctly. Often a frame is installed for them, which is pre-fabricated to fit the final shape. Craftsmen advise using corners and welding the support itself in the form of a straight plate.
You can connect 2 metal profiles together in the form of an inverted T-shaped stand. It is on this that steps can subsequently be placed. This technology allows you to adjust the dimensions of the steps at any time.
Fences and railings
At the last stage, the fence is installed. For stairs of this type, it is performed not only as safety, but also as a decorative element in combination with forged inserts and curved wooden elements. Most often, metal pipes are used as a basis. This design looks quite impressive.
