The function of any polycarbonate greenhouse or greenhouse is to provide the most favorable conditions for growing cultivated plants. At the same time, optimal temperature and humidity indicators contribute to the activation of various pests, microbes and pathogens. To prevent such phenomena, a special treatment of a polycarbonate greenhouse in the spring from pests should be carried out, the results of which will be reflected in the form of an increase in yield and quality of fruits.
The first does not give the right to use insecticides, and the other - chemical treatment. The most effective methods of treating vines, compared with the problems of this culture in our country, were published in a scientific article by Sergiu Fendrihan, as scientific researchers from the Institute of Plant Growth Development for Plant Protection Ion Ionescu from Brad in Bucharest.
Added to this is a whole range of diseases and pests, which require a complex fight at the optimal time. In years of high humidity due to the high amount of rainfall during the growing season, in the absence of chemical treatments carried out at the optimal time or when processing with unacceptable active chemicals, the vine can partially or completely destroy the grape harvest, and part of the horns of the vineyard on the plantation, threatening the grape harvest in the coming years.
Pests and ways to combat them
Polycarbonate greenhouses are prone to infection by fungal diseases, spider mites and late blight. At the same time, a separate control method is provided for each pest or disease. For example, the method of fumigation or the use of sulfur sticks effectively works with a spider mite, but in the case of fungi, this technique does not work. To prevent the development of phytophthora, one should actively deal with the soil, changing its composition, processing and applying fertilizers containing copper. Comprehensive cultivation of the land in a polycarbonate greenhouse in spring will help to cope with other garden misfortunes, in the fight against which even specialized preparations are useless. By combining the disinfection of the greenhouse structure and proper soil maintenance, a comprehensive program for the control of all insects, diseases and microorganisms can be achieved.
Mechanical soil cultivation in the greenhouse in spring
The climatic conditions during the growing season are decisive not only for the evolution of mana, but also for other diseases and pest attacks, for chemical treatments, respectively, for the number of chemical treatments. One very important thing that farmers should be aware of is that they should never allow the hands of the vine to get infected until the grapes enter the stream and that treatment should be done to prevent infection. For this it is necessary to cover a preventive chemical treatment.
Greenhouse cleaning
Before proceeding directly to the processing of the garden structure, it is necessary to prepare it accordingly. In addition, it may be necessary to replace the old twine and trellis. The first step is to remove all remnants of vegetation from the last season - these include missing fruits, tops, weeds and roots.
When an infection develops and secondary infections occur on the vines, it must be quickly stopped, because under prolonged humidity conditions there is a great danger of mass disease leading to loss of crops. Other diseases, such as mashed potatoes and gray mold, can seriously affect crops and overall health, resulting in significant losses.
How to disinfect soil in a greenhouse in spring
In the current environment, when chemicals, equipment, fuel, labor are very expensive to provide safe protection plants and efficient production, it is especially important to observe the time of application of chemical treatments and the use of active substances with the best efficiency for that time.
It would seem that this material can be used for fertilization in the future, but if a complex processing of a polycarbonate greenhouse is planned in the spring from diseases and pests, then all plant remains will have to be burned. The fact is that disease-causing organisms appear not only in infected specimens, but also in healthy ones. After the winter period, they come to life and increase their activity. However, under certain conditions, the remains of old plants can be used as compost. In particular, leaf preservation is possible if:
Biology to help
Treatment No. 5 - 14 days after treatment No. 4. Treatment no. 6 - before entering the brood. Treatment number 7 - at the entrance. Treatment # 8 - two weeks before harvest. There are several steps to take to establish a tomato crop between March 1st and March 25th.
Limiting environmental factors for growing tomatoes. Light: - tomatoes are plants that love light. Light failure in the first 10 days after sunrise causes the seedlings to stretch. Tomatoes need light, low intensity light causes abortions of flowers. The sun is burning right in the summer - it provokes.
- there were no outbreaks of diseases in the past season;
- compost is prepared for at least 4 years (during this time the pests will die);
- fertilizer is not intended for the crop from which it will be made.
Preparation of the greenhouse structure for processing
At this stage, the goal of providing disinfectant treatment of surfaces is not worth it, so it is enough to limit yourself to a standard set for washing - water and soap and abrasives... Polycarbonate is easy to clean with common cleaning agents. Subsequently, surfaces are easily washed with the applied chemistry. After that, the processing of a polycarbonate greenhouse in the spring from pests can be carried out, which provides for the use of already more effective preparations.
Moisture - tomatoes need water to large quantitieslike all vegetables. Drought leads to: low growth, "dense and aging plants", abortion of flowers, wilting and even death of plants. Excessive watering after a period of drought provokes - cracking of fruits and the appearance of soil diseases.
Preparing a field for tomato culture in the sun. Deep mobilization of the soil is carried out with the help of a vegetable tractor through a tree or is pulled out into a hole. The soil is sharpened and leveled with a tractor mower or a mower equipped with cutters or hand tools.
In addition to the construction of the greenhouse and in particular polycarbonate sheets, it is necessary to clean inventory, racks, containers and containers. Plastic items are disinfected with bleach, boiling water, formalin or vitriol. In addition, disinfection of a polycarbonate greenhouse in spring can be carried out with limestone. This product is also suitable for wood-based materials.
Fumigation with a sulfur stick
If the sun is treated, solar disinfection will be performed. Fertilization of tomato seedling cubes can be done with Algaren by immersing the nutrient cube in a 2-4% solution before transplanting. Base fertilization is done using starter granular fertilizers a few days before planting. Use fertilizers. Fertilization recommendations are indicative, the optimal fertilization dose and the applied technology are established only on the basis of the results of laboratory agrochemicals.
Greenhouse disinfection
Currently, gardeners use three main methods of processing polycarbonate greenhouses. Among them are slaked lime, sulfur checkers and biological products. Since the question is how to treat the greenhouse in the spring before planting, alternative disinfection methods should be treated with caution, since the effect of many chemicals has a strong effect on the quality of the crop.
Soil preparation in the greenhouse after winter Soil disinfection with Phytosporin: video
Preparing solar energy for additional crops to cope with possible temperature changes at any time in March. This includes: using quality foil, doubling the foil on solar walls, and creating a film bridge. It's also good to have an artificial heat source that can be activated when needed.
How to treat a greenhouse in spring from pests
Drip irrigation is a must and the irrigation system is placed according to planting distances, thus marking the places where we plant. Seedlings of tomatoes for planting in the sun. Before sowing, seedlings can be treated with systemic insecticide treatments to the cube. Deciduous treatments for major diseases as well as specific insecticides and acaricides can be done. This helps to stop the treatment immediately after planting, but 5-7 days after planting.
So, sulfur checkers can be used with the calculation of 50 g of substance per 1 m3 of the greenhouse. This agent mainly acts on insects and microorganisms, but is ineffective in the fight against late blight, bacteriosis and powdery mildew. Slaked lime is used to process elements of a greenhouse structure - it is diluted with copper sulfate and disinfect with the resulting solution all surfaces of the frame, as well as walls and ceiling. Biologicals in crop production are considered to be quite a promising direction. If there is a problem of how to process the greenhouse in the spring before planting, then the preparations of this line will become optimal solution... They eliminate fungal diseases and suppress the growth of unwanted microflora in the future.
Greenhouse processing in spring before planting: we treat diseases, destroy pests
All efforts are directed towards optimal conditions for tomatoes, which will ultimately lead to early production with maximum profit for the farmer. Planting depth varies with seedling height. Elongated tomatoes can be planted deeper or even on the knees, this is possible because tomatoes give off light roots from the stem.
The actual planting can be done with a conical plantation, with a hoe, etc. During planting, the presence of the stem, leaves, etc. should be avoided as much as possible. Figure: 2, double walls and foil floor. Figure: 3 hot air central heating systems.
Soil cultivation in the greenhouse
The peculiarity of the operation of the soil in the greenhouse is due to the fact that, as a rule, the same crop is grown on it from year to year. This contributes to the preservation and development of harmful bacteria, which must be fought with green manure, preparations with effective microorganisms and biofuels.
Figure: 6 ready for assembly after planting. Figure: 8, row spacing. The material is primarily intended for hobbyists who can find help here in identifying pepper disease, recognizing the pathogen that causes pepper disease, and some suggestions for the correct treatment for pepper disease with an approved product.
Tilling the soil in the greenhouse in autumn
The attack manifests itself on the leaves as white, oval-shaped, clumsy or irregular spots well bounded by a thin brown-black stripe. The spots are visible on both sides of the tongue and are 1-5 mm in diameter; they can be isolated or confluent. On the right side of the spots, there are blackish punks that represent a mushroom picnic. In the later phase of the disease, the attacked tissues fall apart and fall, leaving the leaves torn. Attacks are very frequent and tomato crops. A light attack by this bacterium causes clumsy spots on the leaves, and a strong attack can cause the leaves to fall and appear, including the stem and fruit.
Thorough cultivation of the land in a polycarbonate greenhouse in the spring with the help of green manure will create optimal conditions for growing oats, mustard, phacelia, salads and other crops. Siderata are literally sown to plants in the aisles, protecting them from all kinds of pests. Formulations with effective microorganisms also protect the greenhouse plants from diseases and pests by colonizing the soil layer with beneficial bacteria. Special microorganisms multiply in the earth, improve its structure and have a healing effect.
As with the vast majority of bacterial attacks, this disease is difficult to fight during periods of frequent rain and relative humidity air. The bacteria can spread from a diseased plant to a healthy plant by splashing water or contacting a healthy and diseased plant. This fungus attacks the leaves of pepper, which forms round, oval or irregular spots with a diameter of 1-12 mm, grayish-yellowish color. The spots are bordered by a thin, dark brown stripe and show small, spiny tops that are mushroom picnics.
As the disease progresses, the tissues of the spots melt and fall, leaving the leaves scaly. Sweet peppers, soaked by fluctuations in humidity, develop a brown-black, pointed muzzle consisting of conidiophores and conidia of the fungus.
Biofuel ridges are also gaining popularity. This is an unconventional treatment of a polycarbonate greenhouse in the spring from pests, which also has a warming effect. Wood filling is laid in the soil, consisting of old boards, hemp and other waste. In the future, this layer has a beneficial effect on plants in the greenhouse, and has a disinfecting effect.
In wet weather, this form spreads quickly, often including the entire fruit. This viral infection is common both on slopes in the field and in the greenhouse. The attack takes place in different ways depending on the conditions. Thus, in plants grown in greenhouses, in the winter months, it is noted that the appearance of some necrotic spots along the stems in the form of lines is brown-gray. These stains spread to both the pearl and the leaf petiole and even the flower stem or fruit, resulting in mowing and drying of the attacked parts.
Sometimes there is a tendency to form more or less ringing spots. Only mosaics are found in field crops. The edges of these leaves turn upward, and the limb takes the shape of a teaspoon. Over time, all the leaves turn yellow, wither, dry out and fall, starting from the bottom up, most of the plants remain completely deworming. In general, plants attacked by a stolbur are smaller, with contraction of the stem internodes. Flowers don't change, but they don't bond. Fruits that were already formed at the time of infection lose their formation and bark.
Conclusion
In order for seasonal greenhouse maintenance to give the expected results, it is necessary to use several methods of disinfecting and disarming the surfaces of the structure and soil. Multilevel processing of a polycarbonate greenhouse in the spring from pests will allow you to cope with both common microbes and insects. The main thing in this case is not to forget about the protection of the plants themselves, which sensitively react to most potent drugs.
Stages of soil processing in autumn
Turmeric virus 1 - Dandruff and dandelion The first symptoms of this virosis appear on the leaves of the middle of the bushes in the form of large ring-shaped chlorothetical spots approx. 1 cm in diameter. At a later stage of the disease, 2-4 concentric rings are formed against the background of chlorotic rings, often discolored, brown... In rare cases, large chlorotic areas appear on infected leaves instead of ring spots, at the end of which brownish, necrotic margins are formed. Towards the end of the growing season, when the leaves showing the primary symptoms turn yellowish, the ring spots are no longer chlorotic, but they are green.
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How to treat a greenhouse in spring
Greenhouses and greenhouses are recommended to be processed in the fall, immediately after harvest. In this case, only a little additional processing will be needed in the spring. If, for some reason, it was not possible to process the greenhouse in the fall, in the spring you will have to carry out full processing.
On leaves that form after infection, the attack manifests itself in the appearance of diffuse light green patches, alternating with darker green parts, giving the tongue a mosaic appearance. Symptoms of leaf mosaic can be observed very easily in early summer and fall. The most characteristic symptoms of this viral infection are the general appearance of diseased plants. In many cases, diseased plants will form short-lived, short tails, leading to foliage and drowning of the bushes.
What are the phytosanitary procedures for peppers?
In the case of early infections, the disease manifests itself only in dandelion and drowning of the bush, the leaves of which are deformed and mosaic, without appearances. The product acts in the cycle of pathogen development, mainly on germination and spore motility. Most of the active substance enters the leaf and moves to the transaminar, followed by a uniform redistribution of the product through the leaf. The remainder of the substance forms a reservoir on the surface of the sheet, which reacts under moisture conditions.
You will need
Instructions
- Spring disinfection of the greenhouse should be started in March or at the end of February, in case of a prolonged thaw. The first thing to do is to remove all plant residues. These are overwintered tops of plants, weeds and roots. They contain pathogens that need to be completely eliminated.
- The next step is to remove the garter material, twine, strings of pegs and anything that might remain in the greenhouse after the season. All excess is removed from the greenhouse and burned. The tops also need to be burned or taken out of the site. It is not recommended to compost the plant waste left in the greenhouse.
- If the greenhouse is film, it is advisable to remove the coating in order to process the greenhouse structures without interference. In a greenhouse made of polycarbonate or glass, only removable parts (windows, doors) are removed, and stationary ones remain. The removed covering material (film) is spread on a free area and thoroughly washed from all sides with a brush and soapy water. Then it is rinsed with clean water and sent to dry. Polycarbonate coating and glass should also be treated with soapy water and washed off with water.
- The next important sanitary measure is soil disinfection. If the greenhouse is small, you can do it with steep boiling water, spilling each square meter with several buckets. It is good to add potassium permanganate to boiling water. Large greenhouses are best treated with chemicals - copper and ferrous sulfate, on acidic soils - bleach. But in the spring, before planting plants, this is not recommended. Therefore, if you did not cultivate the land in the greenhouse in the fall, and if outbreaks of any fungal diseases were observed in the greenhouse last season, it is safer to change the topsoil. Over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe greenhouse, it is necessary to remove 7-8 cm of soil, fill it with fresh compost or rotted manure and dig it to a depth of 10-15 cm.
- In a glass or polycarbonate greenhouse, fumigation disinfection can be carried out. You will need sulfur checkers, which are laid out on metal sheets, adding kerosene to them. In the greenhouse, all vents and doors are closed and left for several days. Sulfur gas is dangerous not only for bacteria, but also for humans, therefore, after fumigation, you should only enter the greenhouse after ventilating it properly.
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Disinfection of soil in greenhouses
Anyone who has come across growing plants in greenhouses knows how hard it is. How difficult it is to pick up seedlings, soil, monitor the growth of plants, help them with timely feeding, watering, processing and many other things. But all the works of even an experienced and hardworking owner can be wasted if such an important event as disinfection of greenhouses is not carried out in a timely manner.
Disinfection of soil in a greenhouse is the elimination of diseases and pests of agricultural crops, which can completely destroy the crop of vegetables or flowers.
Soil disinfection is aimed at eliminating diseases and pests of agricultural crops.
Having penetrated into the greenhouse atmosphere, they are able to completely destroy the harvest of vegetables or flowers, in which you have invested a lot of your labor and time. Therefore, the main thing is not to be lazy and to take preventive measures in a timely manner.
Disinfection of soil in any greenhouse farm is not a simple one-time action, but a whole range of measures It is aimed not only at disinfecting the land, but also the entire greenhouse as a whole. So, let's take a closer look at how to disinfect the ground in a greenhouse, step by step.
The greenhouse should be kept in a perfectly clean order so that in the spring an epidemic of a dangerous disease that can destroy the entire crop does not break out in the greenhouse.
Every greenhouse must be kept perfectly clean. Already in the fall, immediately after harvesting, it is necessary to start a general harvest. All windows, walls, ceilings and floors must be washed. Wherever dust and dirt can accumulate, a rag soaked in disinfecting substances should be walked. After all, even an individual microorganism needs to spend the winter in a secluded corner, so that in the spring an epidemic of a dangerous disease that can destroy all your labors breaks out in your greenhouse world. But this autumn cleaning will not give a 100% guarantee of plant safety, and disinfection of the greenhouse does not end there.
During the entire period of work in the greenhouse, you must monitor the cleanliness. Do not bring any unnecessary items into it. Do not leave dirty or unnecessary tools, boxes and pots, and even more so the remains of rotten plants.
We also advise you not only to clean your shoes before entering the greenhouse, but also to decontaminate them. To do this, you need to either wipe your shoes on a mat moistened with a solution of copper sulfate (or other disinfectant), or put a small pallet with a poured liquid, into which you need to step, before going into the greenhouse.
All objects and materials that have come into contact with plants and which can be replaced must be removed. In particular, wood and wire supports and garters, plastic containers and films. All this should be removed from the greenhouse in a timely manner, and new ones should be used for the next season.
At the end of seasonal work, it is necessary to clean the soil of plant residues so that mold spores do not form in the greenhouse and harmful
At the end of seasonal work, it is necessary to completely clear the soil of plant residues. Nothing should be left in the greenhouse after harvest. Remember that harmful microorganisms, mold spores, weed seeds can enter the greenhouse not only with various objects, plant debris, but also through dirty hands and shoes, through insects and various garden tools. Even a simple draft can bring in pests. Therefore, periodic disinfection of the greenhouse is essential.
But, when processing the entire greenhouse, it is important to remember about its main part - about the soil. In the greenhouse, it is necessary to periodically change the soil. Moreover, it is desirable to change the entire land. If this is too difficult for you, then you need to replace at least the top layer 10 cm thick. But only a complete replacement of the soil in the greenhouse can give confidence in proper disinfection.
In the greenhouse, it is necessary to periodically replace the soil, since a large number of various microorganisms accumulate in it, which leads to poor productivity.
As mentioned above, in the greenhouse, it is periodically necessary to replace all the soil. This is due to the fact that in it, during the functioning of the greenhouse, a large number of various microorganisms accumulate, and many of them are dangerous to plants. Every year there are more and more of them, which means that the yield will be getting worse. It is for this that experienced specialists recommend an annual soil replacement in each greenhouse. It is important to remember that even new soil needs disinfection.
So, what kind of soil is better to take for a greenhouse? The most important requirement for such a soil is to take it where the plants that you are going to grow in your greenhouse did not grow. And the ideal option would be to prepare the soil with your own hands. For this, various organic fertilizers, peat, ash, sand, limestone chips, lime, etc. are added to the prepared disinfected soil.
For normal disinfection of the soil and the greenhouse, you will need a variety of tools and equipment: a variety of detergents, mops, rakes, brooms, shovels, washcloths and rags, disinfectants.
Disinfection of greenhouses is carried out using a rather large list of various means and methods: bleach and lime, sulfur and boiling water, copper sulfate and modern chemicals sold in specialized stores.
If for some reason you were unable to replace the soil by the end of the year, then disinfect the greenhouse without fail.
The most common methods of soil disinfection
Steam treatment is the easiest and cheapest way to disinfect soil, with the help of which harmful microorganisms will die under the influence high temperature.
- The easiest and cheapest way to disinfect the earth is to steam it. To do this, it is enough to pour boiling water over the surface of the soil and cover it with plastic wrap. If everything is done correctly, then all harmful microorganisms will die under the influence of high temperature.
- The greenhouse and the soil are also disinfected with the help of a sulfuric checker. To do this, the checker is placed in the center of an empty greenhouse and set on fire. The greenhouse itself is closed as tightly as possible. In about an hour, the checker will decay, and the poisonous smoke will etch the entire greenhouse well. After that, it is necessary to ventilate for at least 2 weeks before starting any work. remember, that given view disinfection, like many of the following, is hazardous to human health, therefore, all safety rules must be observed.
- Soil treatment with copper sulfate is as follows. A tablespoon of copper sulfate is dissolved in one bucket of water. And in the fall, after harvesting, the soil is disinfected with this solution.
- Another strong poison used in the disinfection of greenhouses is formalin. It is used as follows: several shallow ditches are dug into which a solution of toxin is poured. After a while (about 2 weeks), after the trenches are closed, all the soil is carefully dug up and mixed, and the greenhouse is ventilated. After the smell disappears, you can continue any work.
- In addition to the soil, the greenhouse and its entire structure are disinfected with bleach. For soil disinfection, dry lime is scattered over the soil. This is done in the fall, after the harvest. And for the disinfection of greenhouse structures, a solution of this substance is already used, with which all corners of the room, all its metal, wooden and plastic surfaces are treated.
- A solution of potassium permanganate is also widely used in the disinfection of the greenhouse itself.
- These were listed folk methods disinfection. But in specialized stores, you can buy the latest drugs from various manufacturers. The list of them is huge and how to disinfect the ground in a greenhouse, either sales consultants or detailed instructions will tell you how.
http://youtu.be/n8e36a1l21Q
By providing high-quality soil disinfection, you will build a solid foundation for the future harvest. And remember, always decontaminate in the fall to minimize the risk of exposure to toxic substances.
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Proper preparation of the land in the greenhouse in the fall: cleaning, washing the building, the choice of fertilizers and means for cultivating the land in the greenhouse in the fall from pests and phytophthora
After harvesting, the question arises: what to do with the land in the greenhouse in autumn, is it necessary to completely replace the fertile layer, or do you just need to clean, disinfect, feed the soil? Competent preparation of the land in the greenhouse for winter will make the soil for the next crops loose, saturated with nutrients, trace elements, moisture, air, safe, without viruses and pests, so that the next harvest season will be fertile.
How to prepare the land in the greenhouse for winter - a set of measures
Pathogenic insects and infections are very tenacious, they settle not only in the ground, but also spread throughout the greenhouse. To completely get rid of diseases, you first need to carry out a general cleaning of the room:
- take out tools and equipment;
- clean the soil from plant residues;
- wash the walls, ceiling, joints, nodes, interfaces with soapy water;
- process the frame with copper sulfate, wooden - cover with slaked lime, metal - clean out the rust, prime, paint, wash polycarbonate with a solution of potassium permanganate.
A greenhouse made of wood should be fumigated with sulfur bombs, which disinfect well not only the structure, but also the ground, metal buildings should be etched again with a concentrated solution of copper sulfate. And only after these measures to decontaminate the structure, the preparation of the land in the greenhouse begins in the fall.
Watch the video on how to properly wash and prepare your greenhouse.
How to prepare land for a greenhouse - general rules
- Thermal, means heating the soil to 700 ° C with a special thermogenerator, for private greenhouses it is unprofitable to buy expensive equipment, therefore steaming is replaced by solarization. The beds are poured abundantly with boiling water, covered with a thick black film, the edges are pressed down with a load, the process lasts a day. Next, the film is opened, the soil is dug up, loosened, the remnants of the roots are manually selected. For complete disinfection, the procedure must be repeated at least 3 times.
For solarization, it is correct to use a black, opaque, dense film
- Chemical disinfection is carried out in 3 stages: first, bleach, 100 g per 1 m2, is scattered over the surface of the beds, then it is thoroughly watered with a manganese solution, then it is dug up, harrowed.
- The biological method is considered the safest, it allows you to destroy infections, enrich the soil, improve its structure, therefore, the bio-method is most popular among experienced gardeners. After harvesting, the soil is enriched with EO preparations: azotophyte, trichodermin, phytosporin, stubble biodestructor, phytocide, etc., then green manures are planted on the beds.
See how the land is cultivated in a polycarbonate greenhouse in the fall.
How to improve the land in the greenhouse
After disinfection, you should prepare the land, which takes place in several stages:
- sprinkled with wood ash;
- fertilizers are applied, the choice of which is determined by the cultivated crop;
- plentifully watered with potassium permanganate, copper sulfate;
- a layer of compost, sawdust, peat, sandstone is poured on top, 1 bucket of fertilizer per 2 m2 of land is recommended to enrich the fertile layer.
- they dig up, loosen, manually select the remaining roots - measures will help to better freeze the soil in the cold.
It is necessary to dig up the soil and select plant residues
Important: Enriching the soil with organic fertilizers: peat, manure, compost, it is necessary to understand that with these useful components you can infect the soil with late blight. To avoid contamination of the land, experienced gardeners limit themselves to ash, sandstone and sawdust, coupled with a stubble biodestructor.
How and what to disinfect the ground in a greenhouse in autumn
If the greenhouse was not infected during the season, then general preventive measures for disinfecting the land are sufficient. In the case of diseases and pests, it is necessary to adopt more stringent disinfection methods.
Good to know: Abundant cultivation of the soil in the greenhouse with copper sulfate halves the respiration rate of the soil, increases the release of nitrous oxide into the air, and makes it difficult to access plants of phosphorus and iron.
Land cultivation in a greenhouse in autumn with a solution of 40% formalin is considered one of the effective ways destruction of harmful bacteria, infections, the composition kills even eggs and insect larvae. For high-quality disinfection, it is required to shed the beds well in the greenhouse, per 1 m2 / 1 liter of solution.
Biologicals are another successful way to prepare and disinfect soil in a greenhouse in the fall. They destroy diseases, larvae, insect eggs, safely fight infections, and also:
- have a positive effect on soil structure;
- bind heavy metals;
- stimulate the action of fertilizers;
- smooth out the action of pesticides.
Considering the question of how to fertilize the ground in the greenhouse in the fall, you should pay attention to phytosporin. It is a universal biological agent, one of the best drugs, and will neutralize it from late blight, black leg, powdery mildew, gommosis, fusarium, various fungi and mold. The substance must be dissolved in a small amount of water, as indicated in the instructions on the package, diluted 100 ml of concentrate in 200 liters of water, stir, and spill the beds well.
Photo advice on how to properly feed indoor ground
Phytocide is a powerful biofungicide of antimicrobial action, 5 liters of a substance diluted according to the instructions are enough for a hundred square meters. More often it is used for seed treatment and spraying of plants, watering the soil in the greenhouse with the preparation in the fall allows accelerating the processing of complex mineral and organic substances, stimulating the production of useful substances from them for plants: humus, nitrogen, phosphorus.
Still not sure how to cultivate the land in the greenhouse? Quite a useful drug is nitrogen phytophyte, which increases soil fertility. The beds are dug up, treated with a preparation of 1 m2 / 10 g of nitrogen phytophyte, harrowed so that the nutrients get 50-100 mm deep. Such treatment will improve the germination of seeds in the spring, the survival rate of seedlings, the plants become more resistant to infectious diseasesm.
The scourge of greenhouses is pathogenic microorganisms. The accumulation of spores of dangerous fungi and bacteria leads to severe infectious diseases of agriculture, the problem is especially relevant when growing tomatoes. Siderata help to neutralize, heal the soil in the greenhouse, their developed roots allow to move useful macro- and microelements to the surface from deep soil layers. For greenhouses, it is best to sow mustard.
The diagram shows useful tips on how to feed the soil
Important: Phytophthora is the most tenacious infection in the greenhouse. The cultivation of land in a greenhouse infected with late blight should take place in several stages: thermal, chemical and biological control methods. Before disinfecting the ground in the greenhouse from phytophthora, it is necessary to do solarization, spill it with copper sulfate, and then disinfect, enrich, heal with biological products.
The video contains expert advice on how to disinfect the ground in a greenhouse, the video tells in detail how to properly disinfect.
Replacing greenhouse land in autumn
Despite the huge number of modern, potent drugs that help to effectively fight diseases and insects, experienced experts recommend replacing the contaminated soil in the greenhouse:
- if desired, renew, improve the fertile soil - 50 -100 mm;
- if the soil in the greenhouse is heavily contaminated, then it is necessary to change the soil layer of 200-300 mm.
For the contaminated land from the greenhouse, it is necessary to allocate a separate area, away from the garden, it is advisable to fence the site. The soil is folded in a layer of no more than 200 mm, wakes up with bleach, mixes well, spills with a 10% solution of copper sulfate and is left to freeze out for the winter. Recycled, decontaminated soil can be returned to the greenhouse after 1-2 years. In case of severe infection, it is not recommended to reapply the soil; after freezing it is better to scatter it over the area in a thin layer.
For replacement, you can buy a fertile, balanced soil mixture from a company that specializes in the preparation of different compositions, based on the characteristics of the agricultural culture. It is much more economical to prepare the composition with your own hands. The best recipe to replace the land in the greenhouse, a mixture prepared according to the recipe is considered:
- sod land or soil from the garden - 1 part;
- river sand - 1 part;
- humus, depending on the quality of the earth - 2-3 parts;
- peat - 5 parts.
Good to know: Alternate crops to avoid soil fatigue. Properly selected plants, for example, tomatoes, basil and bell peppers, have a beneficial effect on the harvest, and dill has a beneficial effect on cucumbers.
Each agricultural crop needs to select an individual soil composition
To protect the crop from damage by diseases, increase the productivity of the greenhouse and provide your table with healthy, environmentally friendly vegetables, fruits, herbs, the land must be changed once every 3-5 years.
You need to process the greenhouse 1-2 times throughout the year. This procedure will help make the greenhouse the safest environment for growing healthy plants.
Autumn disinfection of a greenhouse consists of the following stages:
- external treatment with soapy water;
- preliminary cleaning of foliage, plants and other debris;
- processing of internal structures of the greenhouse;
- disinfection of soil;
- fumigation.
Subsequent spring disinfection is carried out by disinfecting the soil with the help of special biological preparations: phytocide, stubble biodestructor, trichodermin, azotofit, pentafog, phytosporin - will help to consolidate the result. Prevention in the form of disinfection should be carried out annually, because it is very important for growing a healthy and abundant harvest.
Autumn processing of a polycarbonate greenhouse
When starting to decontaminate the soil in a greenhouse, you must first clean it from the remnants of plants and their parts, as well as support rods, and residues of garter material. The collected organic matter can be composted the next year, but only on condition that the plants did not get sick during the season.
For preliminary disinfection of polycarbonate sheets and the greenhouse frame, they are washed with soapy water. It is imperative to adhere to the following processing rules:
- Do not use abrasive cleaners for processing, which can damage the polycarbonate and anti-corrosion coating.
- Washing should be carried out only with soft materials that do not scratch the surface.
- During processing, one should not forget about the shelves, inventory or other contents of the greenhouse. Plastic items can be cleaned with a 5% solution of vitriol, not plastic - just pour boiling water over them.
Disinfection of soil in autumn
The best option for tillage in the fall is the removal of the upper standing soil (6-8 cm). After that, you need to pour a layer of compost, and already on top - a layer of fresh soil. If the greenhouse has a small area, then boiling water can be used for disinfection.
The soil can be treated using a variety of chemical solutions, such as copper sulfate or Bordeaux liquid, potassium permanganate or bleach. To prepare a disinfectant solution, you can use the same organic preparations as in the spring.
Fortunately for gardeners, there is an easier method of disinfection. It is suitable for both soil and indoor surfaces - a special sulfur checker designed specifically for a polycarbonate greenhouse.
Fumigation of a polycarbonate greenhouse after harvest
What to use for the autumn disinfection of the greenhouse? The modern market offers a wide variety of checkers that are used inside a greenhouse or greenhouse for fumigation. During their combustion, sulfurous anhydride is released, which can penetrate into all corners of the greenhouse. That is why this processing method is considered the most effective.
The checker helps to get rid of:
- late blight, which is very dangerous for tomatoes;
- different types fungal spores;
- woodworms;
- rodents;
- mold;
- insect pests;
- ticks and larvae.
Safety rules when using sulfur checkers
- first of all, it is necessary to seal the greenhouse (close all doors and vents, seal the cracks as much as possible);
- take care of personal protection: wear gloves, glasses, respirator;
- lay the checkers on the pre-installed metal sheets;
- setting fire to checkers should be started from the far corner and finished as close to the exit as possible;
- close the door as tightly as possible.
How to properly fumigate a polycarbonate greenhouse
Sulfur bombs are one of the most convenient and effective methods of greenhouse disinfection. Fumigation will not lead to undesirable consequences for plants, if the rules of application are strictly followed.
- it is necessary to accurately calculate the required number of checkers (for 20 cubic meters of a greenhouse, 300 g of sulfur checkers will be needed);
- fumigate the greenhouse at a temperature of 10-15 degrees Celsius;
- such checkers can be used only in the fall after the completion of the harvest.
When processing with the help of fumigation, there is no need to worry about the safety of polycarbonate sheets, since the substances released by the saber do not affect this material. But the metal parts of the greenhouse can be pre-lubricated if they are not covered with anti-corrosion agents.
