Usage: for cleaning bathtubs, ceramics and tiles. The essence of the invention: the composition contains ground quartz or pumice with a particle size of 10 - 200 microns and sodium polyacrylate with a degree of polymerization of 70 - 5000 in the amount of 0.4 - 5.0 wt.% by weight of the composition. The cleaning ability of the composition is 74.2 - 77.2%. 2 tab.
The invention relates to compositions for cleaning from bath contamination, ceramic tiles, sinks and metlakh tiles in everyday life and in various industries.
A known cleaning abrasive composition containing abrasive and surfactants. The following are used as surfactants: soap, glycerin, trisodium phosphate, sodium silicate, soda, which do not provide a sufficiently effective cleaning of bathtubs, sinks and tiles from dirt.
Closest to the proposed invention in essence and in the achieved effect are compositions (see OST 6-15-390-87) containing anionic surfactants (dilatan E, sulfanol) mixed with alkali. However, these formulations also do not effectively clean the dirt.
The purpose of the proposed invention is to increase the cleaning ability of the abrasive composition.
This goal is achieved by the fact that the cleaning abrasive composition containing an abrasive and a surfactant contains ground quartz or pumice with a particle size of 10 - 200 μm as an abrasive, and sodium polyacrylate with a degree of polymerization n \u003d 70 is used as a surfactant. - 5000 in the amount of 0.4 - 5.0 wt.% By weight of the composition.
The size of abrasive particles should not exceed 200 microns. Otherwise, scratches are formed on the surface of the processed material, which are visible to the naked eye. With a decrease in the average particle size of the abrasive, the quality of the treated surface increases. However, high energy consumption when grinding an abrasive increases its cost. Therefore, it seems optimal to use an abrasive with a particle size of 10-200 microns.
The hardness of the abrasive material must be higher than the hardness of the treated surface. The hardness of quartz and pumice is sufficient to remove dirt from baths, sinks and tiles. The availability of these materials predetermines their widespread use in abrasive parts.
Sodium polyacrylate, which is a polymeric anionic surfactant, ensures high wettability of dirt particles with water, dispersion and removal from the surface of the material to be cleaned.
Sodium polyacrylate in water dissociates into sodium cations and a polyacrylate microanion, which carries a strong negative charge. The adsorption of these macroanions on the surface of the dirt particles and the surface of the material to be cleaned causes Coulomb forces of mutual repulsion, which accelerates the dispersion and removal of dirt.
Sodium polyacrylate, as a high molecular weight compound, is characterized by an average degree of polymerization (n). Compositions for testing were prepared using polyacrylic acids according to TU 6-02-26-89 and TU 6-01-1260-81, having a degree of polymerization of n \u003d 70 - 500 and n - 500 - 5000, respectively. No noticeable effect of the degree of polymerization on the cleaning properties of the formulations was found. Compositions with a degree of polymerization n< 70 и п > 5000 were not investigated, which was the basis for indicating the limit values \u200b\u200band in the claims.
Modern life is impossible without chemistry. Look around: all the gains of civilization are in no small measure the fruits of man. Our everyday life is permeated with chemistry - useful and creative chemistry, which accompanies us literally at every step. She helps us grow in the garden good harvest, prepare tasty and healthy food, fight ailments, teach to protect nature, take care of your face and body, keep your home in order.
Cleaning up modern house impossible without the use of various means household chemicals... Potent, concentrated, corrosive, all require careful handling and following instructions. Literally 10 years ago, people used ordinary soap as a detergent and cleaning agent, which did not perform the required functions. They were replaced by synthetic detergents, cleaning agents.
The improvement of cleaning and detergents is facilitated not only by the creation of new household chemicals, but also by the successes achieved in the study of the mechanisms of their action. The study of the mechanisms of action of various chemicals that make up household chemicals have created new opportunities for the targeted synthesis of these drugs and their rational use in everyday life. Therefore, studying these aspects is very important.
Recently, considerable attention has been paid not only to the composition, quality of the products, but also to the side effects of these substances. The possibility of developing adverse reactions is associated with improper use of household chemicals. Some housewives act according to the principle "Lei everything at once, something will help", without even reading the instructions for use. It turned out that some of the substances in the composition of cleaning agents, undergoing various influences, exhibit very interesting properties. Therefore, the practical significance of such studies is very great.
Your safety is in your hands
Modern chemical preparations have entered our life so accurately that we cannot live a day without using them. However, our time is still characterized by "chemophobia" - the fear of chemistry and everything connected with it.
Chemistry can really do harm, but only if it is used illiterately. After all, a civilized person usually adheres to certain norms instilled from childhood, For example, the rules of hygiene: do not drink from a puddle, wash your hands before eating, etc. When handling chemicals, there should also be their own "rules of behavior", then these substances will be useful and safe for humans. Most people have a vague idea of \u200b\u200bthis.
When used correctly, all household chemicals are safe. At the same time, we can safely say that absolutely safe chemical compounds do not exist at all. How can these two opposing statements be reconciled? Everything is very simple. You can easily destroy your health. abusing the most common things - medicines, fatty foods, excess salt in food, not to mention alcohol and smoking. Measure and reason determine a lot in our life. They also determine the degree of danger of chemical products. There are statistics from the World Health Organization at the United Nations, according to which the number of accidents from human contact with toxic substances is growing and has especially increased over the past 30 years. They are caused by potent compounds, for example sulfuric acid, acetic acids, drug poisoning is in second place, alcohol is in third, and household chemicals are in fourth place. And yet there is no reason for pessimism. All household chemicals are marketed under a thorough toxicological and hygienic check and permission from the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the safety of drugs is checked both during storage (whether they emit harmful substances) and during use. They check whether they have a harmful effect on the human body, whether they cause allergic reactions, etc. All this is true, but if used improperly, household chemicals can undoubtedly cause harm. According to the degree of danger to humans, household chemicals can be divided into 4 groups:
Safe (no warning labels on their packaging)
- synthetic detergents
- bluing, starching
- cleaning !?
Relatively safe (labels on the packaging, eg: "Keep out of contact with eyes")
- whitening
- disinfecting
- repellents
Poisonous (labels on the packaging "Poison", "Poisonous")
- insect and rodent control agents
- stain remover
- some car care substances
Flammable (labels on the packaging "Flammable", "Do not use near fire")
- aerosol preparations
- containing solvent
- liquid plant protection products
- insect control agents
The method of cleaning with household chemicals is the same: wipe the bathtub, sink or the surface of ceramic tiles with a damp sponge with no big amount powder, paste or liquid, and then rinse off with water. When cleaning with disinfectants, wait an additional 10-15 minutes and only then rinse with water.
Working with chemicals will not suffer any harm if you strictly adhere to certain rules that dictate safety and common sense.
What are the main rules, compliance with which ensures and guarantees safety when using any household chemicals? They are simple, logical, and easy to learn. Here are the main ones:
All household chemicals should be stored only in places inaccessible to children, separately from food products, medicines, be sure to have a factory label.
You should not buy a large number of drugs for use, because at the end of the shelf life, they can no longer be used (because enzyme substances decompose after a year of storage of detergents containing them, and the detergent becomes ineffective), and secondly, new drugs are on sale better and more effective than the previous ones.
Household chemicals are subject to mandatory destruction if the specified shelf life on the package has passed, if the label with the name of the drug and the indication of the shelf life is lost, damaged, the inscription has become illegible, if the appearance of the drug, its smell has changed greatly, etc.
Use any household chemicals only in those conditions, for those purposes, and with those precautions, as detailed on the packaging or the proposed instructions.
Special attention and accuracy is required when processing an apartment with toxic and poisonous agents against cockroaches, bedbugs, and other insects, as well as rodents. Before starting work, it is necessary to take out aquariums and cages with birds from the apartment, remove pets, children should not be in the room. All food and utensils must be placed in lockers and shelves. It is recommended to carry out the work, protecting the mouth with a gauze bandage (in 2-3 layers). After finishing work, you must thoroughly wash your hands with soap, close all windows, and then leave yourself and close the door. After 2-4 hours, the room should be well ventilated, the surface of the kitchen and dining tables should be rinsed warm water with soap.
You cannot store food products in containers that have been freed from household chemicals, no matter how thoroughly you wash them.
Loose household chemicals should be dispensed with a spoon, liquid - with a measuring cap, and poured using a funnel. This should be done carefully so that fine dust or splashes do not get into the mouth, nose, eyes. After finishing work, the spoon and funnel must be thoroughly washed and dried; they must be stored in the same place where you stored the corresponding drugs and in no case should they be used for other purposes.
Chemical and biological agents designed to combat pests and plant diseases require no less care. For work in the garden, in the garden, you need to select special clothes - boots, a robe, an apron. When working, the nose and mouth must be protected with a respirator or gauze bandage, eyes - with glasses, hands - with rubber gloves. During work, you must not smoke, eat, drink; after finishing, you must thoroughly wash your hands with soap and rinse your mouth. Keep children and pets away from the treated area.
Recently, household chemicals are often produced in aerosol cans. They should not be given to children, even if the container is already empty; do not store them near gas and electric stoves, batteries and other sources of heat; it is impossible to work with them when gas burners, electric stoves, etc .; When working with aerosol cans, do not smoke and do not even try to open a used can.
The warning label on the packaging "Protect from frost" means that the drug must not be stored at temperatures below 0 C0. This applies mainly to liquid and pasty, adhesives, starching agents, because they lose their beneficial properties.
These are all the basic rules, which are not at all difficult to remember and follow.
However, anything can happen in life, so we believe it is necessary to know the first aid measures provided in case of accidental poisoning and burns resulting from the use of household chemicals.
1) Of course, in case of any poisoning (and burns), you must immediately consult a doctor, but before arrival it is necessary to provide first aid, which helps either to remove a poisonous product from the body or to neutralize it. Gastric lavage is often an effective remedy for removing venom. The patient needs to drink several glasses of water and induce vomiting. You can add salt and dry mustard to the water. In case of poisoning with "Chlorophos", "Karbofos", baking soda is added to the water.
2) When treating premises with insecticides (substances to combat harmful insects), the air is quickly saturated with their vapors, which can lead to the ingress of these vapors into the upper respiratory tract, on the mucous membranes of the eyes, mouth, and skin. In case of poisoning with vapors, the victim must take off his work clothes, take him to clean air, wash open areas of the body with water. If pesticides get inside, you need to do 4-5 gastric lavages, and then give the victim a laxative.
3) In case of poisoning with caustic soda, household chemicals containing acids, it is impossible to wash the stomach with potassium permanganate! To dilute the acid that has got inside, you need to drink 2-3 (no more) glasses of water. It is also impossible to "neutralize" the acid. With such poisoning, you need to drink egg whites, or rice water. In case of iodine poisoning, you need to drink starch diluted in water.
4) Many people believe that it is useful to drink milk in case of poisoning, however, in most poisonings, milk only helps to absorb poisons, which dissolve well in it. It is recommended to drink milk in case of acid poisoning. And if cologne or gasoline gets into your eyes, they are washed with milk. If an alkali or acid still gets on the skin, they are immediately washed off with plenty of water, and then the burn is treated with baking soda, chalk powder or a solution of citric, boric or very dilute acetic acid (if alkali gets on the skin). If specks of dust or droplets of a substance, even if not caustic, get into your eyes, you should immediately rinse the affected eye with a copious stream of water, apply a sterile bandage and be sure to show a doctor.
Composition of modern cleaning products
Modern cleaning products are a collection of various substances. The component composition of drugs is the main indicator of their effectiveness. They contain substances that destroy dirt and remove them from the surface. The presence of such compounds in the composition of the cleaning agent is indicated on the packaging. These substances oxidize and thereby destroy some types of pollutants. These can be both classical oxidants - chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, but also potent (in some cases harmful) substances - abrasives, strong acids, alkalis, perborates. Alkaline additives help break down fatty stains. These compounds release oxygen, which discolor and oxidize organic compounds, and also disinfect the cleaning surface.
Some of the substances in cleaning products tend to form strong foam - these are surfactants. The introduction to their composition is not always justified. In most cases, this is a tribute to the tastes of the past, when it was believed that the substance with more foam was better. All surfactants in the cleaning products are emulsifiers. They promote the formation of an oil-in-water emulsion (that is, mixing oil and water), have detergent properties and form a foam - after all, the foam is, as it were, an emulsion of air bubbles in water. But not all of these properties are expressed in the same way. There are surfactants that foam abundantly but are weak; there are also those that hardly foam, but are excellent cleaning agents.
Modern products contain large quantities of synthetic detergents - these are synthetic surfactants with a particularly high washing and cleaning ability. When they are produced in industry, they form components including a PA component, bleaches, and other additives.
Depending on the presence of abrasive components, all cleaning agents are divided into two groups: abrasive and non-abrasive. Abrasives contain natural or artificial fine solids as the main component - abrasives. The former include finely ground powders of quartz sand, pumice, chalk, etc., the latter include powders of electrocorundum, self-crumbling slags from electric steel furnaces, etc. Abrasive cleaning agents are most often produced in the form of powders and pastes, less often in the form of suspensions.
The cleaning agents contain anion and cation, active substances. They dissolve in fats - these are alkyl benzosulfates, alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride.
Some of the cationic detergents are highly antimicrobial and are therefore used in disinfecting cleaners. However, if the substances during use can have a harmful effect on human health, then this circumstance should be reflected in the instructions on the information sheet. Non-ionic detergents exhibit high cleaning and washing activity, but they form little foam.
Recent advances in the development of cleaning and detergents are associated with the use of enzymes. Enzymes are substances produced by living organisms that are capable of catalyzing biochemical reactions, i.e. they speed up the reaction, but they themselves do not change. Certain enzymes catalyze reactions similar to those that occur during the digestion of food, so they are very effective. The enzymes that make up household chemicals are harmless and used in small quantities. In order for the cleaning substances to have a pleasant smell, perfumery fragrances are introduced into all products. There are other functional additives: hydrates - substances that improve the solubility of components; complexing agents - substances that bind iron salts. Glycerin and ethylene glycol (added to pasty and suspension preparations) perform a double role: firstly, they protect against rapid drying, and, secondly, and this is no less important, they have a softening effect on the skin of the hands. Many cleaning products not only clean the surface well, but also destroy pathogens on it, that is, they have disinfecting properties. This is achieved due to the introduction of disinfecting components into their composition, for example, calcium or sodium hypochlorite, sodium salts of dichloroisocyanuric acid. For difficult soiling, special products with a high disinfecting effect are produced. They include sulfamic, oxalic, hydrochloric and other acids.
Commercially available cleaning products are divided not only by composition, but also by properties. They can be powdery, liquid, gel-like and pasty. From all the variety of these tools, you must choose those that suit you best.
Mostly powdery agents are obvious - they are highly soluble in water, surfactants are introduced into many powdery substances, which significantly improves their quality. However, when dispensed, powdery dusty, and some people do not tolerate this dust well, irritating the respiratory system. In addition, the powders are difficult to dose.
Pasty ones do not dust and are compact. They include surfactants that, for a number of technological reasons, cannot be incorporated into powders. They act more gently on the skin of the hands. However, they dissolve in water more slowly and contain 1.5 - 2 times less tripolyphosphates (or their substitutes) than powdered ones.
Liquid detergents, gels, perhaps, have all the advantages over pasty and powdery ones. Housewives whose skin is sensitive to the action of household chemicals, it is necessary to select such preparations that do not cause irritation, and try to use them. It must be remembered that dry substances spoil the surface, leaving scratches and making the shiny surface rough and dull. You do not need to take the drug more than what is written on the package, this will not enhance its properties.
Depending on the type of cleaning agents for various purposes, they are produced in a wide variety of containers: in glass or plastic bottles and cans, cardboard and tin boxes, in combined packages, tubes made of aluminum and polymer materials.
The conditions listed above represent the main list of the qualitative composition of household chemicals. Then it's up to the manufacturer, who adds other substances, thereby making the drug better (in most cases), cheaper and more environmentally friendly. Of course, in this case, the main concern lies on the shoulders of chemists and technologists, who must create highly effective, harmless drugs for people, animals and plants.
Harmful substances that make up household chemicals and their effect on human health
As mentioned above, when used correctly, all household chemicals are safe. At the same time, completely secure connections do not exist at all. Therefore, the number of accidents from human contact with these substances has been increasing lately. The main sources of accidental poisoning are:
Disinfectants: formaldehyde solutions, hypochlorides, ammonium salts, phenols.
Cleaning agents: ammonia, lye (sodium hydroxide), sodium phosphate and polyphosphates, borax, boric acid, sodium carbonate, oxalic acid, hydrochloric acid, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, gasoline, white spirit, bleaches such as sodium hypochlorite, etc.
Antifreeze: ethylene glycol, methyl alcohol.
Herbicides: ammonium sulfamate, arsenic compounds, atrazite, paraquat.
Insecticides: DDT, chlordane, lindane, nicotine, sodium fluoride, comp. thallium, pyrethrin.
Other toxic substances found in everyday life: among them: alkaloids, amyl acetate, aniline, bromine, benzene, ethyl bromide, dimethyl sulfate, dichloromethyl ether, acids, sodium methyl formate, nitrites, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine, methyl chloride, ethers. For example, chlorine and ammonia are gases with a pungent odor. With an insignificant content of gas in the air, chlorine has a disinfecting effect, but prolonged inhalation of such air causes severe irritation of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, burning in the mouth and coughing, and sometimes leads to death from suffocation. Ammonia is chemically quite active and interacts with many substances. This gas is toxic. A person smells ammonia even in small quantities. With an increase in concentration, an irritating effect on the mucous membrane of the eyes and upper respiratory tract is manifested. The consequences of ammonia poisoning can be very severe - up to a decrease in intelligence and personality changes.
Thus, all these substances can enter the body through the mouth, lungs or skin (or adsorb on the skin upon contact with it) and have a negative effect on the human body.
After studying the preparations for the particularities of use, we obtained the following results:% indicated warning inscriptions "do not mix with other cleaning and detergents", "do not mix with acids, with chlorine-containing products"; % there are no inscriptions of this type. Although all products contain chemicals that can have, even a minor effect on human health, drugs can also lose their cleaning ability or change their properties.
The above analysis raised a question for us: According to regulatory data, manufacturers of cleaning agents must indicate all of the above listed aspects of precautions and usage patterns on industrial labels. Why is this not always observed?
To keep the kitchen and the house cozy, the hostess must keep it clean. This is why you need cleaning products that keep things tidy. The modern market offers a huge range of products for washing or cleaning the kitchen, bathroom and the whole house. Such products are divided into abrasive and non-abrasive.
Abrasives are used to clean stubborn stains. They consist of detergent components and solid particles (quartz sand, soda, borax, etc.). All of them differ in the degree of abrasiveness and are used for different surfaces. The list of such products is large, and therefore they are divided into dry, liquid, disinfectants.
Composition of abrasives
These products are used for quick cleaning of dirt, difficult stains, plaque, and hard deposits. They allow faster cleaning if used on time. The only drawback of such cleaners is that after a while, scratches appear on the surface.
Abrasive cleaners are commercially available in powder, paste or slurry form. They consist of surfactants (surfactants), metasilicic acid sodium salt, baking soda, sodium tripolyphosphate, disinfectants with or without chlorine.
Fragrances are used to give a pleasant aroma. To manifest abrasive properties, use carefully crushed sand, pumice, chalk, borax, etc.
The degree of abrasiveness of cleaning agents is different: the larger the particles, the more abrasive it is, the finer, the more delicate. Dry and liquid foods contain fats that soften the corrosive action of the particles. The abrasives group includes the following tools: sponges, scrapers, stones, etc.
The abrasive effect is realized through a variety of components. Cleaning is facilitated by silica, feldspars and other minerals. In addition, contamination is removed with fine wire, copper, nylon, melamine.
The composition of the pasty products includes pumice, which guarantees a mild abrasive effect. In addition, they contain the following components: water, glycerol, ethanediol-1,2. Thanks to these ingredients, the paste dries out more slowly, softens the skin on the hands after being exposed to chemicals.
Detergent with abrasive particles increases the likelihood of scratches. Porcelain and enamel surfaces become dull, and abuse of abrasives on stainless steel will damage the polish.
Aggressive cleaners are not recommended for cleaning glass, marble or laminate. In such cases, it is better to give preference to mild remedies. If the stains persist, you can try a mild abrasive. In any case, carefully read the instructions for use before using cleaning products.
Application of dry and liquid abrasives
Powdered abrasives are popular. They are often used before polishing various surfaces. The products are created on the basis of small mineral particles of lime spar, feldspar, silica, etc.
Powdered dishwashing detergents also include a surfactant to remove greasy stains. Also, powders are used when washing dishes from food, drink or mold residues. These products contain bleaching agents to remove stubborn stains on dishes.
Remove rust with abrasive powders. These cleaning products include ethanedioic acid or sodium bisulfite. The abrasive particles in liquid products are softer than in powders.
For this reason, they provide a delicate abrasive effect. They are not suitable for stubborn stains and old stains.
Cleaning tools
The group of abrasive products includes cleaning tools that have long been used in home use. The most popular product in this category is sponges. Most often, housewives use sponges coated with a thin metal wire, which realizes an abrasive effect.
They are used to clean steel surfaces before polishing. Use a sponge to remove dirt and a soap-based detergent. However, this method of cleaning is used when absolutely necessary, otherwise the surface quickly deteriorates.
For the manufacture of cleaning sponges, wear-resistant materials are used: copper mesh, stainless steel or nylon wire. Such tools are used without detergents, they are designed for mechanical removal of dirt.
Color-coded abrasive sponges are used to clean different surfaces. As they are also called, scrapers are used during construction works... The instruments contain synthetic fibers, abrasive materials, resin. They are used for simple or complex cleaning.
Sponges of blue and white used for delicate cleaning of glass, ceramics, chrome-plated metal. Green and black products are used to remove stubborn stains (cleaning carbon deposits in a pan, old fat in the oven, etc.).
Recently, it has become popular, this material is used for sound or thermal insulation. The product cleans surfaces efficiently without the use of detergents. Their only drawback is that they wear off quickly.
When making such a sponge, melamine resin penetrates into the pores, as a result of which it becomes very hard. It is compared to fine sandpaper, which removes stains with ease. Thanks to the hollow microstructure, the product absorbs dirt that remains between the melamine strands.
Cleaning agents for disinfection
The abrasive is used not only to eliminate contamination, but also to destroy pathogens on the surface. In addition to detergents and abrasive particles, they contain antimicrobial chemical components.
In addition, such products contain pine oil, quaternary ammonium salts, sodium hypochlorous acid (household bleach).
Disinfectants are used to wash floors, they are used to clean the kitchen or bathroom. Before using them, it is recommended to read the instructions on the abrasive products.
Applications of abrasive products
For cleaning ceramic sinks, use an abrasive powder or paste with a delicate action. Means treat the surface, clean, rinse thoroughly and wipe dry. After that the sink will become clean and shiny.
Stainless steel surfaces are cleaned with non-abrasive products that do not contain corrosive chlorine. If the stain is not removed, then an abrasive cleaner is used on the contaminated area. If after using it there is no visible damage, then it is allowed to clean the entire surface.
Glass sinks are cleaned with detergents without abrasive particles. Cast iron and clean with abrasive products only in extreme cases. Enamelled surfaces are also destroyed by abrasives, becoming dull and rough.
To clean toilets, use delicate abrasive cleaners, and wash metal or plastic parts with liquid non-abrasive products. The mixers are cleaned in the same way, which, after removing the dirt, are polished with a clean cloth.
Enamelled utensils are cleaned with abrasive agents only in the presence of persistent dirt, burning, soot, scale. Products with abrasive particles are suitable for cleaning tiles in bathrooms and kitchens.
Thus, abrasive detergents are effective products for cleaning surfaces from stubborn dirt. The main thing is to choose the right cleaners for different types of surfaces and study the instructions before use. This will help you achieve crystal clearness throughout your home without damaging surfaces.
The group of cleaning agents includes care products for sanitary equipment in bathrooms and toilets, kitchens and kitchen equipment.
Depending on the presence of abrasive components, all cleaning agents are divided into two types - abrasive and non-abrasive. Abrasive cleaning agents contain finely dispersed natural or artificial abrasives - particles with high hardness as the main component. These include finely ground powders of quartz sand, pumice, chalk, etc. and artificial materials, such as powders of electrocorundum.
Abrasive cleaners are available in powders, pastes, and emulsions. The composition of powdered abrasives, in addition to the abrasive, includes surfactants, soda ash. Paste and suspension abrasive cleaners contain the same components, as well as water, emulsifiers, ethylene glycol, glycerin (to protect the product from rapid drying, which also has a softening effect on the skin of the hands). Abrasive powders remove dirt due to mechanical action, therefore, agents with active, hard abrasives should not be used for cleaning products with silvering or gilding, as well as for surfaces with low hardness. Suspensions of softer abrasives - chalk, clay, polymer powders can be used for them.
Non-abrasive products are available in powder and liquid form. The composition of powdered products includes calcined
bathroom soda, sodium tripolyphosphate and other components. The liquid contains surfactants, alcohols, water, organic and inorganic acids. Depending on the type of surface to be cleaned (the nature of the material), its resistance to aggressive components, all products can be conditionally divided into products containing strong alkalis: sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, soda ash; and products containing strong acids: glycolic, oxalic, adipic, acetic, citric, phosphoric, hydrochloric, etc. The labeling of products containing acids and alkalis must have a warning sign and a hazard symbol "C" - corrosive substance. When working with them, you need to follow safety rules (work with rubber gloves, beware of contact with eyes).
Many abrasive and non-abrasive cleaners have a disinfectant effect due to the addition of dichloro-isocyanuric acid salts, sodium hypochlorite, chlorinated trisodium phosphate, and phenolic quaternary ammonium bases. Substituted phenols and glycolic acid have a synergistic (mutually reinforcing) action against pathogenic microflora and molds.
Cleaning agents cannot be universal, suitable for cleaning any surfaces and removing any dirt due to their specificity. Meanwhile, a significant number of products with a wide range of applications are being produced. Funds can be classified by purpose as follows.
Toilet bowl cleaners.They must quickly clean the surface from stubborn protein and fatty contaminants. The majority of products include acids (phosphoric, hydrochloric, glycolic, sulfamic), disinfectants. A new generation of preparations - solid cleaners, introduced into the flush tank, prevent the appearance of deposits and rust stains as a result of the constant release of the active components of the cleaners during their hydrolysis. Disinfection occurs due to the introduction of cetyltri methyl ammonium bromide into the purifier. Domestic liquid agent "Unifor" contains phosphoric acid,
Chapter 11
Household chemical products
removes rust and limescale, has a disinfectant effect.
Universal remediesfor cleaning bathtubs, sinks, toilets, ceramics, enameled surfaces are available in the form of powders, pastes and liquids. Powdered and pasty products have a disinfecting effect (for example, "Pe-Moxol", "Pemolux", "Domestos", "Dosia", "Bingo").
Surface cleaners and rust removers should be used with caution and not. used for everyday cleaning of the surface of enamelled bathtubs and sinks, as the oxalic acid contained in these products slowly dissolves a thin layer of enamel.
Cleaning and rinsing agents sewer pipes designed for cleaning drains, siphons and sewer pipes of bathtubs and sinks (for example, "Mole", "Stoke"). The action of such funds is based on the reaction of saponification of organic products, in particular fatty layers, with alkali (sodium or potassium hydroxides).
Means for cleaning metal products, with coatings of non-ferrous metals contain finely dispersed soft (chalk, dolomite, clay) or active abrasives (aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide). The formulations of these products include ammonia, oxalic or orthophosphoric acids, wax and organic solvents (white spirit, butyl alcohol) to protect the cleaned surface.
Descaling agents,"hard" water formed during boiling, which is due to the presence of calcium and magnesium bicarbonates in it. When boiling water, these salts are destroyed and precipitate in the form of calcium and magnesium carbonates, forming a yellow-brown layer of scale on the bottom and walls of the dishes. Descaling agents (for example, "Adipinka", "Silit") contain organic acids (adipic, citric, phosphoric, sulfamic) that do not interact with metals, but dissolve scale. A similar composition of the product removes the plaque of hardness salts on the surface of metal sinks, mixer taps, etc.
Scale on heating elements of washing machines is removed by agents containing polyphosphates, in particular, sodium hexametaphosphate ("Calgon").
Means for cleaning gas and electric stoves, refrigerators and other kitchen appliances.The surfaces to be cleaned have difficult-to-remove dirt from oxidized fats, protein compounds and resinous substances formed at elevated temperatures. They are removed with pasty and liquid products that contain fine abrasives (quartz, aerosil), sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium silicate, carboxymethyl cellulose, glycerin and other components. Non-abrasive products contain potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide, which saponify the polymerized oils and fats, making them soluble ("Shumanit"). The formulation of grill and oven cleaners includes organic solvents - monoethanolamine, isopropanol, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, anionic surfactants, potassium hydroxide. Means are produced in bottles with dispensers such as a trigger (trigger) or in aerosol cans.
Means for cleaning upholstery of furniture, carpets, products from pile fabricscontain crystallizing surfactants, solvents, adsorbents, fragrances, anti-moth additives. Cleaning is done with foam, which, after drying, together with dirt, is removed with a brush or vacuum cleaner ("Cinderella", "Umka"). In recent years, there have been products for use in washing vacuum cleaners (for example, "Carpet").
Means for cleaning window glass, mirrors, glasswareafter drying should not leave greasy stains and iridescent streaks. The composition of the funds includes alcohols, weak organic acids (acetic), organic solvents ("Nit-quinol", "Mig", "Sekunda"); products are also produced based on anionic surfactants, isopropyl alcohol and 25% ammonia solution. Packaging form - bottles, vials and aerosol cans.
By physical and chemical indicatorscleaning products can have a pH of up to 4.0 (acidic) and more than 11.5 (alkaline) for products not in contact with the skin of the hands. Mass fraction of alkaline components
Chapter 11
Household chemical products
nents in cleaning and bleaching agents (dry) should be no more than 15%, in aqueous solutions - no more than 200 g / l. In means for cleaning sewer pipes, the mass fraction of alkali should be no more than 75%. The mass fraction of alcohol in glass cleaners and other products containing alcohol must be no more than 70% (ethyl or isopropyl) and no more than 20% (isoamyl or benzyl alcohol). Washing capacity of cleaning agents for different types surfaces used in the form of solutions must be at least 80%. Cleaning agents should be at least 80% effective at removing rust from hard surfaces.
The toilet is such a delicate thing that many take for granted, but do not discuss.
But the state of the toilet speaks volumes. No wonder people who are going to buy an apartment, first of all, look into ... the toilet!
The toilet can tell not only about the cleanliness of the hostess living in the apartment, but also about the state of pipes, plumbing and water.
If the pipes are old and rusty, then the water will just be crammed with rust, which will constantly leave rusty streaks on the walls of the toilet.
But even if the plumbing is new and the pipes are plastic, and there is a rusty border on the inner walls of the toilet bowl, then this indicates poor-quality water or worn-out pipes through which water runs into this apartment. And if the pipes in the apartment itself can still be changed, then in the latter case, no matter how much the toilet is cleaned, it will still quickly turn yellow.
Buyers, of course, can refuse to buy an apartment, but what should the tenants do? It remains to roll up the sleeves to clean. It's good at least that there are so many detergents and cleaning products on sale - your eyes run wild! So what should you choose?
Cleaning agents that do a good job of rusting can be dry or liquid.
Abrasive cleaners. Pros and cons
Dry cleaners are abrasives. In their composition, of course, there are active substances that fight rust, but in order to achieve the desired effect, you need to make every effort.
But it is not enough to open the toilet lid, pour in the powder and wait for the rust to disappear by itself. It is necessary to sprinkle the powder on the places chosen for rust, wait a little while the powder begins to act. Then, wearing rubber gloves, you need to carefully and persistently rub the rust-contaminated surface with a brush. And it's not a fact that rust will succumb.
First, the cleaning agent itself matters.... Which one to choose? "Pentalux", "Pemolux", "Comet" ... On the label of each of them, the manufacturers indicate the composition, and write promises that their product is the best. There are powders with chlorine, there are more gentle ones - with soda.
For example, "Comet" copes well with rusty deposits, but if it is not enough. But any of these funds also have a “flip side of the coin”. With their frequent use or with the use of brute force, the surface of the toilet receives the smallest scratches invisible to the eye, and the integrity of the coating is broken. These grooves are quickly clogged with dirty water, the contents of the toilet bowl (sadly). Well, rust does not miss the opportunity to settle there too.
Second, the ability of a cleaning powder to deal with rust also depends on the material of the toilet bowl. That is, the smoother, more glossy the surface, the easier it is to deal with dirt. But the smooth, expensive surface of the toilet is very easy to "hurt" with abrasive powders.
Thirdly, abrasive powders will not cope with old rust, no matter how high quality they are..
Therefore, abrasive cleaners are good, but only good for keeping the new toilet clean, or if there are slight rusty streaks. A liquid cleaner is the best choice for removing stubborn rust. But here, too, not everything is so simple.
Alkaline cleaners. Pros and cons
Liquid cleaners are alkaline and acidic.
Alkaline cleaners such as Domestos or Dosia can of course help to remove plaque, but they are more suitable for removing limescale or greasy deposits, yellowness or dirt.
If abrasive powders can rub the place with rust, then liquid alkaline products are used differently. You need to pour liquid on the rusty spot. Then leave for fifteen minutes, and then rinse with water. Yes, the toilet will “shine clean,” as advertisements like to say. Microbes die, dirt and a small amount of rust are removed. But alkaline substances may not cope with a large amount of rust..
Moreover, there is a strong smell. And by no means pleasant. After all, sodium hypochlorite or sodium hydroxide is present in alkaline cleaning agents. Simply put, the products are made on the basis of chlorine or soda, and also diluted with some other chemistry in the form of caustic soda.
To remove rust, you can use the usual "Whiteness". To do this, you need to fill the rusty places in the toilet with this liquid, pour it inside the toilet and leave it overnight. Rinse off in the morning.
Acidic cleaners. Pros and cons
If there is a lot of rust on the toilet and it is ingrained, then you need to take drastic measures in the form of acidic cleaning agents. They will surely cope with rust!
There are a lot of such funds on store shelves. These are Teza, Des-3, Blitz, Dressing Duck, Cillit Bang, Sanitary Gel ...
Any of these compounds contains acid - hydrochloric, oxalic or formic. That immediately translates these funds into the category of potent, effective and dangerous for humans (if used incorrectly).
Any of these tools works well even with old rust.... It is enough just to fill the places of contamination with a cleaning agent, wait a little, and then rinse with water.
In this case, it is imperative to wear rubber gloves, a gauze bandage, so as not to breathe acid vapors, open the windows and escort the household out into the street.
The time that you need to wait by treating the surface of the toilet bowl with the composition is individual for each product. This should be written on the label. For example, Blitz is left on the surface for a very short time, because it contains hydrochloric acid, which perfectly corrodes not only rust. If a drop of this acid gets on the skin, then a red spot will remain - a burn. And if the acid is not immediately washed off with water, then a sore may form.
Some housewives, after weighing all the pros and cons, do not want to resort to chemical cleaning agents and use those that they have in the kitchen.
Folk remedies for removing rust in the toilet
Yes, there are some. And moreover, a lot.
Each hostess has vinegar or acetic acid... You need to moisten a cloth with vinegar and put it on a rust-contaminated surface. After half an hour, wash off with water. If there is rust in the toilet itself, then you need to pour vinegar into its hole and leave it there for a while. Then rinse with clean water. The same properties are possessed by lemon acid.
Oddly enough, but modern cleaning products can be replaced with conventional coca cola or sprite... Of course, they will not wash off strong rust, but they will be able to handle a light rusty coating. And at the same time they remove limescale and other contaminants.
But there is a folk remedy that removes rust very well. it electrolyte for batteries... This tool is quite affordable for those who have a car. But it must be remembered that this substance can destroy the integrity of pipes if they are made of plastic.
It will cope with a light coating of rust and toothpaste... True, this method is costly, but if you need to quickly bring the toilet into a more decent look, and there is no cleaning agent at hand, then toothpaste will do. But not gel, but ordinary.
To do this, squeeze the toothpaste onto the rusty stain and rub well with a brush. The toothpaste acts as a mild abrasive, so the toilet is cleaner and the washroom fills with a fresh scent.
If the first aid kit has hydrogen peroxide and ammonia, then some housewives recommend this method: 100 ml of hydrogen peroxide should be mixed with 5 g of ammonia. Moisten places with rust with this solution, and after half an hour rinse with water.
Outcome:
In order for the toilet bowl to really shine clean, and there was not even a hint of rust on its walls, you need to wash the toilet bowl not from time to time, for example, before the arrival of guests, but to keep it in perfect condition every day.
Moreover, it is necessary not only to use it correctly, but also to ensure that its entire system is working properly. That is, no water leaked, and the pipes and the system itself in the barrel were not rusty.
To make this work easier for the hostess, you need to put a special pill in the tank, the validity of which is several weeks. It softens water, removes minor impurities, deodorizes both water and the room. And also prevents rust from lingering on the walls of the toilet.
