So, I planted it once, and for 50 years no apartment changes. However, we love fertilizer, and swampy soils - on the contrary. But we are not afraid of frosts, and the berries are juicy, sweet, and besides, they are medicinal. Irga settled in our area not so long ago, but gained authority. Let's talk about her.
Planting and caring for irga
The distance between the bushes is recommended about two meters. We dig holes up to 70 cm deep and 60 cm squared. Remember technology? We immediately set aside the fertile layer separately, then “twist” it with humus - up to two buckets, add a pound of superphosphate, a couple of kilograms of wood ash ... And what happened, we fall asleep in a hole. We deepen the root neck of the irgi by five centimeters. Then, also a well-known technology - abundant watering, up to two buckets of water per bush, mandatory mulching with sawdust, peat, humus.
Growing shadberry
If everything is done correctly, then there will not be much growth in the first year, but it is not recommended to be lazy and wait for the weather by the sea. We do not expect favors from nature, but feed - ammonium nitrate (50 g per liter of water) will be accepted favorably. No less willingly "treat" irga with solutions of slurry, bird droppings. In autumn, when digging, add 50 g of potassium salt, 100 g of superphosphate.
The third year will give an assessment to our cares and efforts. Then the growth of shoots should exceed half a meter, and in general, the “new settler” should grow up to one and a half meters tall, count up to 15 branches and give the first harvest.
In general, we are very responsive to all sorts of top dressing. In addition to the above "organics" and "mineral waters", in the fifth or sixth year we will refuel the near-body circle with several buckets of humus, half a kilogram of ammonium nitrate, the same amount of potassium salt, and a kilogram of superphosphate.
And in the future, feeding, though not in such doses, will also be very useful.
We look after
If you only planted irgu this or last year, then lay this article for long-term storage (for a dozen years). And after their passage, get this text and be guided.
We remove dry, broken and drowning branches, leaving three or four basal shoots. We “edit” old branches, we shorten too long young shoots. At the same time, it is quite possible to do the resettlement of root growth. We take into account that it can bear fruit in the second or third year.
We fight pests
Irgi has no special enemies (diseases). Perhaps, however, the hawthorn will stick. But here we are not lazy, we collect its nests in the fall and burn it. But there is no peace under the olives, and also above the irga.
Feathered garden guards at the sight of this berry are craving for vegetarianism. Thrushes are especially distinguished by this.
It’s somehow indecent to run around the bushes with a stick, and you won’t have enough time for this, because the berry ripens at the end of July. So, you need a scarecrow.
His role will be completely played by pieces of tin, ribbons of fabric or foil hung on the bushes. And the most accurate gardeners, so they generally put gauze bags on ripening brushes. When the time comes, they remove and collect a sweet harvest.
prepared by Elena Glazkova
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A genus of trees or shrubs in the rose family.
Falling leaves, yellow or dark red in autumn. The flowers are white or cream, collected in thyroid brushes at the ends of the shoots. The fruit is a juicy berry-like apple up to 10 mm in diameter, edible.
There are about 25 species in Eurasia, North America. In the CIS, 1 species - Irga oval or round-leaved in the mountains of the Caucasus and Crimea.
2 species Game Canadian and Irga spicata from North America are cultivated mainly in the European part. Honey plant. Pollinated by insects, propagated by seeds and root offspring, distributed by birds. Decorative.
The fruits are used for medicinal purposes.. Fresh fruits are rich in provitamin A, ascorbic acid, vitamin B, contains sugar (up to 10%), malic acid, trace elements (copper, lead, cobalt), etc.
Fresh fruits of shadberry are used for making jam, marmalade, marmalade, juices, compotes.
With a therapeutic purpose, the fruits of irgi are used to prevent hypovitaminosis C and B, as well as to treat diseases of the gastrointestinal tract associated with indigestion (Sokolov, 1984).
Irga round-leaved
A beautiful cold-resistant shrub used in urban landscaping. Irga is undemanding to soil conditions and can be used to strengthen the soil, an excellent stock for dwarf pears (Borodina, 1966).
Irga canadian
Comes from North America. The most decorative type of irgi. Shrub up to 15 m in height.
Irgi fruits are rich in P-active substances. The amount of vitamin P sometimes reaches 1000 mg%, in addition, it contains other substances (Koshcheev, 1980).
Irga was introduced into culture 400 years ago. Productivity is 14 kg per bush, or 80 centners / ha.
The plant is light-loving, winter-hardy, fast-growing, gives numerous rhizomatous shoots. Lives up to 50-70 years. Reproduces vegetatively and by seeds.
The wood is very hard, of a beautiful color, used to make walking sticks and ramrods.
The fruits contain β-sitosterol, which has an anti-sclerotic effect (Petrova V.P., 1987).
Irga oval - Amelanchier Medik, ovalis
Shrub 0.5-3.5 m high. It is found in Europe, the Crimea, the Caucasus in all regions. On rocks, slopes, edges, in bushes it reaches a height of 1900 m above sea level.
Chemical composition. Leaves. Contain phenolcarboxylic acids and their derivatives: isochlorogenic acid. Catechins.
Fruit. Carbohydrates: polysaccharide, in the hydrolysis of galactose, glucose, arabinose, xylose, rhamnose. Vitamins: C, P, carotene. Tannins, catechins, flavonoids.
Beneficial features. Wood is suitable for small crafts.
Pounded kidneys - insecticide. Fruits: dried, raw.
Juice is an astringent for gastrointestinal diseases.
Jam, jelly, marshmallow. Decorative. Medonos (Plant Resources, 1987).
It has been experimentally established that the infusion and tincture of flowers has a tonic effect on the heart and leads to a decrease in blood pressure (Zimin, 1993).
Landing irgi
It can be used as a winter-hardy stock for pear and apple varieties, as well as for ornamental and fruit varieties of shadberry. In this case, varieties grafted with a cutting, by the method of improved copulation, on two-year-old seedlings of shadberry. Rowan ash can serve as a stock for varietal shadberry, on the trunk of which, at a height of 15-40 cm from the soil level, cuttings of varietal shadberry are grafted in spring. With skillful budding (grafting by a kidney), the survival rate of irgi eyes can be 85-90%.
Pests and diseases
Irga rarely suffers from diseases, and is only slightly damaged by leaf-eating insects common with apple and hawthorn. The most noticeable losses are carried by fruit-bearing bushes of shadberry from birds, which destroy the ripening fruits with great pleasure. To save the crop, sometimes a fine-mesh net is thrown over the bush.
Reddish brown caterpillar moth-skinned actively feeds on young leaves of shadberry, gnawing holes of various shapes. When touched, the caterpillar freezes and disguises itself as a twig. At the end of May, it pupates in the soil, and in autumn a brown-yellow dusky butterfly with a wingspan of 3 cm appears. Light green caterpillar winter moth up to 2.5 cm long, it also eats holes in the leaves and damages the buds of the shadberry, and in the fall a brownish-gray butterfly with dark wavy lines on the wings flies out. Grey-green caterpillar rose leaf with a brown shiny head and light hairs, it gnaws the leaves and tops of young shoots. She is able to gnaw out the growth point and wrap the leaves in a lump, inhibiting the development of shoots. Also feeds on irga currant leaflet, gently folding the sheet into a tube. caterpillars shad moth make moves of various shapes in the tissue of the leaf blade.
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Irga has several names. Among the famous names of this berry, it is worth noting such names as June, children's, useful. This is one of the most unpretentious shrubs. All that is required of a gardener who wants to see such a bush in his dacha is to plant it. Irga does not require close attention and care. She is not afraid of cold weather conditions, lack of water and poor soil. All this is due to its powerful root system. The roots of the irgi go into the ground for two meters. This allows the plant to survive all the difficulties and are not even afraid of pest attacks.
Planting and growing berry bush irga
The powerful root system characteristic of this shrub allows the plant to obtain all the necessary nutrients from the soil. However, if you want the bush to have more berries than leaves, the choice of soil should be approached more carefully. It is recommended to give preference to loose and fertile soil.
When is the best time to plant irgu: in spring or autumn
Irgu can be planted both in autumn and in spring. However, experts in the field of growing plants still note that it is best to choose autumn for planting irgi. It is at this time that the soil contains the maximum amount of nutrients that will ensure the sustainable growth of the plant. This will protect the irgu from possible diseases and difficulties while getting used to the soil.
How to plant seedlings
When landing, it is worth considering a number of rules:
- It is best to plant annual and biennial seedlings;
- The distance between the bushes should be at least half a meter. In some cases, this figure may
be extended up to two meters. It is also worth adhering to a checkerboard pattern when landing; - The landing pit must be deep and wide (at least 50 cm and 40 cm, respectively);
- The first watering is done immediately after planting. It must be plentiful. At least 5 liters. on one bush of irgi.
Pruning and shaping the bush
In order for the irga to please the eye and harmoniously fit into the landscape design of the summer cottage, it is recommended to prune this plant in a timely manner. Here are a few tips to keep in mind:
- The best time for pruning is autumn. It is at this time that you can adjust such an indicator as the density of the bush;
- In order for the bush to begin to bear fruit with renewed vigor, it is necessary to remove all old branches;
- To give the plant a beautiful look of a bush, it is worth paying attention to getting rid of root shoots. It is recommended to leave no more than two shoots;
- After the first few prunings, only strong zero shoots should be left;
- The bush after pruning should be formulated with 10-15 branches of various ages;
- The optimal height, which ensures the convenience of picking berries, is no more than 2.5 meters.
How to care for irga
In the first months after planting, the roots of the irgi take root in a new place, wounds and abrasions heal. At this time, the plant requires more careful care. What is the secret to quality care? In the case of irga, this is timely watering and top dressing.
The soil should be loose and weeds should not grow on it. In the autumn, it is recommended to dig the soil to a depth of 15 cm. It should be borne in mind that damage to the root system is unacceptable. This can cause serious harm to the health of the shrub. After harvesting, it is also necessary to loosen the soil, feeding it with peat and manure. Berries also ripen in early spring. Their number depends on proper feeding. So in the spring it is recommended to add at least 5 kg of humus and 5 mg of saltpeter under each bush of shadberry. In the spring, about 10 liters of diluted mullein should be poured under the bushes of the plant.
Propagation by seeds and cuttings
Irgu can be propagated both in autumn and in spring. You can also transplant irgu in any of these seasons. The best time for propagating irgi with seeds is autumn; for propagation by cuttings, the warm season is best suited.
Seeds are planted in the year of collection. For their sowing, it is necessary to carefully prepare the soil by fertilizing it. After sowing, the beds are watered abundantly. As a rule, seedlings appear in the fall. The height of an annual bush can reach 15 cm, a biennial - 40 cm.
Some varieties of shadberry are best propagated by cuttings. Young and green shoots cut in summer are most suitable for this. A branch is suitable for cutting, on which there are more than 5 healthy buds. It is necessary to remove the lower leaves, and cut the upper ones in half.
The soil for planting must be prepared in advance. You need to choose a place located in the shade, the soil of which is half sand. Throughout the germination period, the soil should be loose and moist. The shoot that will be planted requires an oblique bottom cut. It is placed in the ground at an angle of 45 degrees. From above, the stalk must be covered with glass or plastic. Seedlings need watering. They will be ready for transplanting next fall.
How to protect a bush from birds
The berries on the irga ripen unevenly, which makes the bush a favorite place for birds. First, a ripe crop appears on the upper branches. To protect them from birds, it is recommended to tilt the branches slightly to the ground and tie them to pegs driven into the ground. It is also worth throwing gauze on the bush. Such methods of control will help scare the birds away from the crop. After picking berries, the branch must be straightened.
Diseases and pests
Irga is a fairly strong plant that is not afraid of difficult weather conditions and pests. But in some cases, she can also get sick. Consider the main diseases of irgi and control measures:
- Fruit rot - berries partially or completely rot. Moderate watering, rarefaction of bushes and timely picking of berries will help to avoid such a problem;
- Moth - leaves turn yellow. This disease occurs under the influence of a pest. Caterpillars cause significant damage to the irga. That is why the bushes of the plant need to be sprayed with special preparations after harvesting.
- Irgovy Seed-eater - the death of the crop. This is a pest that lays eggs, which leads to drying and drying of the berries. Timely harvesting, as well as processing the plant with drugs such as Karate, will save the crop;
- Hawthorn - the death of leaves, which causes a delay in the development of the bush and a decrease in the number of berries. The cause of this disease is the caterpillar. To prevent disease, twisted leaves must be destroyed in a timely manner. Before flowering, the bush is treated with Nexion;
- The leaf roller is a pest caterpillar that causes the leaves to change their shape and curl into a tube. Twisted leaves, inside of which the caterpillar is located, must be collected manually and destroyed;
- The wrinkled bog is a beetle that gnaws bark and lays eggs. This causes the death of the plant. Treatment - timely destruction of damaged shoots.
The best varieties of irgi and their description with a photo
Irga can be berry and decorative. The main types of this plant:
Alder-leaved- a shrub up to 4 m high. The bark is smooth and dark gray. The leaves are rounded and turn yellow in autumn. Blooms white. The berries are sweet and small in size (up to 1.5 cm in diameter);
Canadian shadberry- shrub up to 8 m high. Young foliage has a pink and copper color. Leaves turn orange in autumn. The flowers are large, the berries are sweet. With proper care from one bush, you can collect up to 6 kg of berries;
Irga as a whole has good immunity to various diseases and pests. Some of its varieties are also quite unpretentious to poor growing conditions.
But often unlucky gardeners suffer grief: the caterpillar of the irg moth begins to eat the plant, making narrow passages in the leaves, the leafworm caterpillar folds thin leaves into tubes. Sometimes the irga, for no apparent reason, begins to dry up and eventually dies.
So, let's try to answer various questions regarding problems in growing shadberry.
Why do the leaves turn yellow on the irga?
Many gardeners are faced with the phenomenon of yellowing and reddening of the leaves of irgi. Some believe that this is due to some specific disease or pest, but this is not the case.
The main reason why the leaves on the irga turn yellow and red is the lack of minerals.
Let's figure it out. Irgi leaves under normal conditions turn yellow, turn red and fall off in the fall, at the end of the plant's life cycle. If this happens earlier, then there are some reasons that have accelerated the aging process. As a rule, such reasons are the lack of minerals.
For example, a lack of potassium causes yellowing of the leaves at the edges, and further yellowing and redness. In case of a lack of nitrogen, the yellowness will be evenly distributed over the leaf surface. Due to a lack of phosphorus, the leaves of the irgi turn white.
In general, irge requires a whole range of microelements for a normal existence. And the lack of one of them will be significantly reflected in the color of the leaves.
How to solve this problem? It's simple - you need to buy the simplest set of trace elements in the nearest gardening store, for example, for indoor flowers. The seller will help you choose the best product. Also, a fairly effective method is to add organic matter - to do this, gently fluff the soil near the trunk and add this fertilizer there.
Why do irgi berries dry?
Sometimes it is not possible to collect fresh fruits of irgi, because the berries dry right on the plant. In the vast majority of such cases, the reason for the drying of irgi berries is a banal lack of moisture. The sun and wind dry up the leaves and fruits of the shadberry, which the plant is forced to save and compensate from all possible sources - including its own fruits.
To solve this problem, it is necessary to water the irgu during the dry period. Do this at least 1-2 times a week.
Why did the irga shred and grow poorly?
Quite often, the irga does not develop fully in cases where the plant is in too bad conditions - a lot of darkness, lack of water and mineral fertilizers. Often, everything described is the result of too dense plantings of irgi, when individual plants begin to compete with each other for vital resources, as a result of which they do not have the strength to develop and bear fruit normally.
To learn how to avoid these problems, read the articles "Pruning the shadberry" and "Caring for the shadberry".
Why doesn't the irga bear fruit?
Irga may not bear fruit for several reasons. The first, most common, is too young a plant. This species begins to bear fruit from about the third year of life. Read more about this in the article “When does the irga ripen?”.
Another reason why the irga does not bloom and does not bear fruit is that the minimum necessary conditions for growth are missing. A little higher this issue is considered in more detail.
What are the pests of irgi?
moths
Deciduous moth, or moth-peeled (lat. Erannis (Hibernia) defoliaria) is an active pest that damages many plants. The caterpillar of this insect especially loves the young leaves of the shadberry, in which, after such “communication”, holes and holes of various sizes and shapes appear.
This type of moth causes harm mainly in early spring, when eggs laid in autumn turn into caterpillars that are actively gaining weight. And all this in order to pupate at the end of spring and turn into a butterfly in autumn.
The young caterpillar has a bright green color. As it matures, it becomes a brownish-yellowish hue. Also, this type of moth has yellow side stripes and darkish spots. You can find a caterpillar on the leaves of shadberry and other fruit trees. 
Winter moth also poses a danger to young shadberry plants. Her lifestyle is similar to the deciduous moth. However, this species is characterized by a later pupation period (early summer).
How to deal with moths?
Caterpillars can be dealt with both chemically and mechanically. Chemical "treatment" consists in treating the tree in early spring with insecticides, such as Decis, Bitoxibacillin, Lepidocid, Fufanon-Nova.
The mechanical method is more laborious, but also safer for health. One of these methods is the installation of special "trapping belts" on the tree trunk, which will not allow insects to lay their eggs on the tree. Such a belt can be, for example, car rubber wrapped around the trunk, or sticky tape against flies. Recall that the moth lays its eggs in the fall, so all work must be carried out in advance.
leaf rollers
Leaf rollers come in various types and colors, many of which feed on the leaves of the shadberry with pleasure. Among such gourmets, the rose leaflet (lat. Acleris bergmanniana) will stand out in particular.
This type of leaf roller damages the leaf mass and shoot growth points, slowing down their growth and development. These caterpillars roll their leaves into a tube, which is why they got the corresponding name.
How to deal with leafworms?
One of the few methods that can destroy the leafworm population is the chemical or bacteriological treatment of shadberry. Almost any modern insecticide is suitable for this. You can also do without "chemistry", collecting caterpillars by hand.
apple aphid
How to deal with apple aphids?
To protect the shadberry from this pest, it is necessary to treat the plants with insecticides in March-early April (before the leaves appear). For example, Ragor or Actellik showed good results in the destruction of apple aphid eggs. A soapy solution is also used to kill aphids.
However, it should be noted that all these activities must be carried out before the growth of foliage, since it is almost impossible to destroy aphids in summer.
Apple moth and parsley moth
When the leaves of the shadberry begin to bloom, treat them with DNOC and ANTIO. This will destroy the larvae at an early stage of their development. In the period before flowering, spraying with chlorophos will be effective, and immediately after flowering - with fosalone and entobacterin.
Irgi fruit pests
hawthorn caterpillar
The hawthorn caterpillar poses a significant threat to the shadberry, especially in spring. This pest eats the buds, depriving the plant of leaves. In addition, this type of caterpillar eats leaves and fruits with pleasure.
How to destroy this pest?
In the fight against hawthorn, the removal of fruits that have fallen to the ground, which may contain pest eggs, as well as the destruction of hawthorn nests in spring and autumn, helps well. Chemical treatment with insecticides such as ANTIO, fosalone, rovicurt can also help.
Birds
Irgi diseases
Fungal diseases
Although the irga has considerable resistance to fungal diseases, sometimes it does get sick with them. In rainy seasons, leaves and shoots of shadberry are often affected by powdery mildew. This disease is the scourge of many cultures. Determining the presence of powdery mildew on the irga is quite simple - a white coating on the leaves, due to which they dry out over time, is unique to this disease.
If you saw dark brown spots on the leaves of the shadberry, similar in appearance to rust, then this is phyllosticta.
How to deal with fungal diseases?
To clean the shadberry from powdery mildew, the leaves are pollinated with colloidal sulfur, decoctions and infusions of onion peel, calendula. Also, people often use an infusion of wood ash. Spraying with foundation helps from phyllostict.
