Hornbeam (Сarpinus) - deciduous trees, rarely shrubs, with strong shoots and very hard wood. The leaves are alternate, dark green, pubescent below. Flowers dioecious, without perianth. The fruit is flattened, broadly ovoid, longitudinally ribbed nutlet. All types are decorative. They tolerate a haircut well. They are used in single and group plantings in parks and forest parks, when creating large hedges. Name: old Latin name of the genus.
The genus includes over 30 species growing in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere.
Common hornbeam- Carpinus betulus L. Grows in Western, Central and Southern Europe, the Baltic States, Belarus, Ukraine, the mountainous Crimea and the Caucasus, where it forms a second tier in mixed plantations. Protected in nature reserves. It grows in a mixture with beech and oak on the slopes of the mountains. It is widely distributed in culture in the collections of botanical gardens and in the landscaping of cities in southern Europe and the Caucasus.
A beautiful tree up to 25 m tall, with a compact crown and smooth, silvery-gray bark. The trunk is often ribbed-angular, smooth at the top and deeply cracked at the bottom. The branches form a low, spreading, wide-cylindrical crown. Young shoots with silky pubescence, later glabrous, shiny, brown, with white lenticels. The leaves are oval, pointed, corrugated from protruding veins, dark green above, in autumn their color changes from dark purple to lemon yellow. Blooms at the same time as the leaves open. Men's earrings are up to 6 cm long, women's are short and compact. By the time the fruits ripen, they lengthen to 15 cm and consist of numerous dry, three-lobed bracts, with which oval, brown-gray, shiny, small, ribbed nuts grow together. From the age of about 100 years, it begins to die off.
Exceptionally shade-tolerant, moderately demanding on soil fertility and moisture, winter-hardy. Begins to bear fruit at 15-20 years of age. Almost undamaged by pests and diseases. In culture, it is propagated by seeds, which are stratified in two stages: within 15-60 days at a temperature of 20°C and within 90-120 days at a temperature of 1-10°C. Seed germination 40%. 55% of cuttings root when treated with a 0.01% IMC solution for 16 hours.
Seeds should be sown in autumn immediately after harvest. During spring sowing, a two-stage stratification is necessary: I - at 20 ° C for 0.5 - 2 months, II - at 1-10 ° C (optimum 5 °) for 3-4 months. When the first seedlings appear, the seeds are transferred for germination at 20 ° C or sown. Seeds should be stored in tightly sealed vessels, plastic or paper bags in a refrigerator or in a dry, unheated room with a humidity of 9-19% at 3°C. At the same time, the seeds remain viable for 2-3 years. Laboratory germination 69.6%. Sowing depth 2-3 cm.
For decorative purposes, it is widely used in parks, squares, forest parks, in single and group plantings, it is especially good for creating dense hedges. It belongs to the breeds that most effectively reduce urban noise. Due to its slow growth, it retains its shape for a long time, which allows expanding its use. In culture since ancient times.
Cultivation outside the natural range is possible in the steppe and forest-steppe zone. There are landings in Penza, Noginsk, Oryol region. Possible on Wed. Asia, in the region of distribution of apple and walnut forests, and in the Far East, in the area of broad-leaved forests. In St. Petersburg and Moscow, it is not frost-resistant enough.
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It has a number of decorative forms: pyramidal (f. fastigiata) - upright, with a narrow pyramidal crown; columnar (f. columnaris) - with an even narrower crown; weeping (f. pendula) - with thin drooping branches; carved (f. incisa) - with narrower than typical, deeply sharp-lobed leaves; oaky (f. quercifolia) - with smaller leaves, deep-lobed and wide-toothed; purple (f. purpurea) - with young purple, later turning green leaves. |
(lat. Carpinus) - a genus of relatively small deciduous trees from the birch family. Some botanists place it in a separate hazel family (Corylaceae) along with hazel (Corylus) and hop hornbeam (Ostrya). About 30-40 species are found in the northern hemisphere, most species in Asia, especially in China. There are only two types in Europe.
The German name for the main tree species is Weissbuche, the English name is Hornbeam, and the Italian name is Carpino. There are other names that eloquently testify to the properties of its wood. For example, one of the English names is Ironwood, which literally means "iron tree".
(Carpinus) is a genus of monoecious deciduous trees. Their height usually ranges from 5 to 25-30 m. The trunk is vertically ribbed, with smooth or slightly fissured gray bark. The crown is beautiful, dense, ovoid. The shoots are thin, slightly articulated, first pubescent, later glabrous, having a two-row arrangement of alternate leaves. Simple, oval, with regular pinnate venation, serrated or bi-toothed at the edges, dark green, slightly pubescent on the underside, the leaves are 5 to 15 cm long. The root system is superficial, highly branched, which provides the hornbeam with good wind resistance. The genus includes from 30 to 60 (according to different classifications) species distributed in Europe, East Asia and North America (1 species). The greatest diversity of species is observed in China and Japan. In Russia, there are mainly 3 species.
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In Southern and Eastern Europe, Asia Minor and Iran, in the Crimea and the Caucasus, it is common oriental hornbeam(Carpinus orientalis), hornbeam - a small tree, occasionally reaching a height of 8-10 m. The shoots are densely pubescent, the leaves are small (2-5 cm long). Included in mixed broad-leaved forests. It is the main component of deciduous thickets (shibliaks) formed at the site of clearings.
Caucasian hornbeam(Carpinus caucasica) grows in the north of Asia Minor and Iran, in the Crimea and the Caucasus. It is a small tree (usually up to 5 m high), but sometimes there are specimens up to 18 m high. It is widely distributed in mountain forests and is a constant companion of oak, beech and chestnut. It often forms pure plantations - grabnyaks.
Hornbeam seaside, or heart-leaved(Carpinusc ordata), got its name from the heart-shaped base of the leaves. It is a tree 10-20 m high. It is found in the South-East of Primorsky Krai, and outside of Russia - in Korea, China and Japan in the second tier of shady mixed forests, in the foothills at an altitude of up to 250-300 m. Beautiful and very peculiar deciduous tree.
Caroline hornbeam(Carpinus caroliniana) is common in eastern North America. It grows along the banks of rivers and the outskirts of swamps. In culture, it is found in the collections of botanical gardens in Europe and North America. Tree up to 5-6 (12) m tall. In GBS since 1958, 8 samples (20 copies) were grown from seeds obtained from botanical gardens in the USA and Europe. After freezing in the winter of 1978-79, they grow in bushes, reach a height of 6.5 m, the diameter of individual trunks is up to 15 cm.
There is a subspecies (var.Virginiana) - hornbeam virginian, which is a tree up to 12 m tall. Distributed in the southeast of North America within the range of the main species. In culture, it is represented in the collections of botanical gardens in Europe and North America. In GBS since 1967, one sample (4 copies) was grown from seeds obtained from Ottawa. After freezing in the winter of 1978-79, it grows in a bushy manner, height 3.9 m, crown diameter 400 cm.
hornbeam forests(hornbeam) - plantations with a predominance of hornbeam in the composition of tree species. They are common in Western, Central and Eastern Europe, Southeast Asia (China, Korea, Japan), as well as in North America. In Russia, hornbeam forests are found in the Kaliningrad region, the North Caucasus, the Far East, and occasionally in the southwestern regions of the European part of Russia. In Western, Central and Eastern Europe, they are formed by the common hornbeam, in the Caucasus and Transcaucasia - by the Caucasian hornbeam, in the Crimea - by the eastern hornbeam (hornbeam). In the mountainous conditions of the Carpathians, hornbeam forests rise up to 800 m, in the Caucasus - up to 1000 m.
Hornbeam forests of Ukraine, Belarus, the Baltic countries and the Caucasus reach an age of technical maturity of 50-65 years, depending on the types of forest conditions. In high-quality coppice hornbeam forests, which are the base for the hydrolysis industry, the felling age is set at 40 years, in others - from 51 years.
The average productivity of mature hornbeam forest stands is class II, the stock is 150 m "/ha. Under favorable forest conditions in hornbeam forests of seed origin, the wood stock reaches 200 m3/ha at the age of 60 years. The yield of commercial wood in seed plantations reaches 20-22% , in coppice it is much lower.
Hornbeam wood
The hornbeam belongs to scattered vascular non-nuclear sapwood. The wood is grayish white. Turns yellow over time in sunlight. On the transverse section, wavy annual layers are visible, which are often of various widths. Light, slightly curved false-wide core rays are clearly visible. Unlike real wide beams (as, for example, in oak or beech), false wide beams are a bundle of closely spaced narrow beams. The texture is soft and shows up well after finishing. The gloss of treated wood is weak.
The late and early wood of the annual layers of the hornbeam does not have a sharp difference in density; in other words, the hornbeam is characterized as a breed with high uniform density. The number of annual layers per 1 cm of the cross section depends on the species and place of growth.
Freshly cut hornbeam wood has a moisture content of about 60% with a maximum water absorption of 93%. The cell wall saturation limit for hornbeam is 24% (versus 38% for fir). Recall that the cell wall saturation limit is the moisture content of wood, which corresponds to the maximum amount of bound water in the cell walls (in the absence of free water).
The coefficients of swelling (shrinkage), which determine the increase in the size of the sample in the radial and tangential directions or its volume (in percent) with a change in the content of bound water in wood by 1% for different areas of growth, are shown in the table.
These characteristics give grounds to classify the hornbeam as a highly drying species. It should be noted here that the hornbeam is one of the most capricious domestic species and shows its “character” (more precisely, the tendency to crack and warp) during the drying process. In this regard, the mildest modes should be used for chamber drying. The dimensional stability of dried hornbeam products can be considered satisfactory to good. In other words, products made from hornbeam, like beech, require special processing (finishing) so that they do not warp and crack during operation. For the same reason, it is recommended to use the hornbeam only for elements that are located in rooms with a low or medium level of relative humidity.
The hornbeam has the highest density among domestic species (density 800 kg / m3, hardness 3.7), with the exception of white locust (robinia pseudoacacia), but it can be considered domestic only conditionally, since it was brought to us from North America. The most durable and hard wood is the common hornbeam, which grows in Transcaucasia (Armenia).
The wear resistance of hornbeam wood is estimated as very high, which determined its use for the manufacture of machine parts (for example, weaving shuttles). The ability to hold fasteners (nails and screws) of a hornbeam is 4 times higher than that of a pine tree. Nails and screws are recommended to be used after pre-drilling. The ability to bend is average (noticeably worse than that of beech, ash and oak).
Poorly machinable (with the exception of turning) due to the wavy structure of the fibers and high viscosity. Finishing requires great care, but acceptable results can be achieved by polishing. Well perceives potravy and beytsy. Due to its natural light color, hornbeam wood can be given a wide variety of colors. Well imitates exotic breeds, in particular - ebony.
The ability to form glued joints - from poor to satisfactory. Biopersistence low: coefficient that determines this property in relation to the biopersistence of basswood.
Scope of hornbeam wood
Hornbeam wood is preferably used where high hardness, toughness, impact resistance is required. It is often used for handles of hand tools and for some sports equipment (for example, billiard cues, golf clubs), for individual parts of machines and mechanisms, for cutting boards. Decorative turning products are obtained from this breed. It is used in the production of musical instruments: individual parts of grand pianos and pianos, fingerboards for guitars (with ebony finish).
Hornbeam is the best material for propellers for flying models of piston aircraft. Furniture made from hornbeam wood can be quite attractive and reliable, but requires a significant investment of time and labor. The hornbeam is also used for the manufacture of parquet, but under the condition of stable and low humidity in the room.
The hornbeam was used in artistic parquet to create friezes, background surfaces, and details of the pattern. So, in the central composition of the Kamer-Yungfer room of the Chinese Palace, consisting of ellipses intertwining the wind rose, the background is lined with a palm tree, semi-ellipses are made of birch, hornbeam, yew and mahogany. The hornbeam is found in the parquet floors of the Catherine (Great Tsarskoye Selo) Palace, designed by V. I. Neyelov (Amber Room, Picture Hall). Interior decorators believe that the hornbeam has the power to dispel illusions. This tree is perfect for people who get very tired at work or at home. Hornbeam wood contributes to the emergence of a real view of the world around you and your potential. The hornbeam will help a person to coordinate their actions, to understand the illusory nature of ideas about the future and some plans. Hornbeam wood gives strength in everyday life, helps to part with ridiculous prejudices and fantasies. The hornbeam has a beneficial effect on dreamers and romantics who lack the strength and desire to act.
In construction, the hornbeam is practically not used due to the fact that it is extremely rarely straight-barreled, due to low biostability. Non-commercial hornbeam wood is used in hydrolysis production (ethanol and other chemicals), in the production of charcoal and as firewood (it has a high calorific value and produces a minimum of soot).
The hornbeam is an important crop in landscaping and landscape gardening. It tolerates shearing and transplanting well, has a number of decorative forms, however, it is of limited importance for central Russia and more northern regions.
Only some forms do not freeze over in severe winters. Widely used to create hedges: some species form almost impenetrable thickets.
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- Description
- Wood characteristic
- black hornbeam
Before using any type of fastener, pre-drilling of the material is required. It holds screws and nails very well, which is well suited for securing furniture joints and intricate details.
When using fresh wood in everyday life, it is recommended to cut and grind the products until the material is dry - in this form it is easier to process it.
Despite the natural high density and wear resistance, the hornbeam is considered a rather complex and unpractical breed, as it quickly soaks, is prone to fungus and other biological pathogens. Without additional etching and finishing, it is not used, and is not suitable for external work. The crimped structure of the fibers and the low gluing ability do not allow the use of the hornbeam as a structural building material: plywood or glued beams. It is not used for outdoor work. Indoors, the surface of the hornbeam should be covered with protective impregnations and thick layers of varnish. Do not use the material in rooms with high humidity.
Areas and features of application
This wood finds its purpose where resistance to shock loads is needed: in the manufacture of decorative elements, parts of mechanisms, sports items. It is produced from:
- golf clubs, billiard cues;
- weaving shuttles;
- agricultural tools;
- cases and elements of necks of violins, guitars, details of grand pianos, other musical instruments;
- cutting boards, knife handles;
- caskets, toys, souvenirs, frames for paintings, panels and photographs;
- furniture, parquet, interior design details.
Due to its noble light pearl color and strength, hornbeam wood has a high artistic value and is used in creating mosaic patterns, friezes and decorative elements.
Hornbeam is used to produce parts for propellers in aircraft construction.
On average, the price per 1 m³ of wood, depending on the manufacturer, is 40,000–46,000 rubles.
It is believed that furniture or decoration made from this type of wood relieves fatigue, gives physical strength, helps to coordinate thoughts and actions, and get rid of a bad mood.
black hornbeam
The light structure of wood with a slight natural pattern makes it attractive for the manufacture of various imitations. By etching the material, a black hornbeam is obtained, which is similar in properties and appearance to ebony. For high-quality staining, nigrosines are used - special mixtures based on aniline, nitrobenzene and hydrochloric acid, dissolved in water or alcohols. They give the material a pure bright color that is not afraid of exposure to direct sunlight. Professional etching involves painting through the entire thickness of the material, and not surface application of paint. It is not recommended to pickle wood on your own, since when using self-made chemical dyes, it can lose strength, become loose or unevenly stained. Masterfully made, ebony-imitated black hornbeam has a very dark purple hue that does not fade and does not shed over time, does not get dirty when mechanically applied to the surface. Black hornbeam is sold in small quantities in the form of small bars.
The so-called non-commercial low-grade hornbeam wood is used as a raw material in the hydrolysis production of the chemical industry, for the manufacture of charcoal, as a fuel material in everyday life.
If used correctly, the hornbeam can become an element of a beautiful landscape, serve as a high-quality and refined material for the manufacture of interior items or decorations.
Hornbeam (CARPINUS) is a deciduous tree or, less commonly, a shrub belonging to the Birch family. In the Northern Hemisphere, over 30 species grow in the temperate zone, all of which are ornamental.
Hornbeam is a beautiful plant
The hornbeam has very hard wood and strong shoots. Dark green leaves are arranged alternately, pubescent below. The flowers are divided by sex, do not have a perianth. Fruits are ovoid, flattened, oblong-ribbed.
The hornbeam tolerates shearing well. It is used in education, for decorating parks and gardens. It looks beautiful, thanks to the dark green foliage, mosaically located with large light green seedlings.
The hornbeam grows slowly. Faster growth occurs on rich, sufficiently moist soils, with the presence of lime. Does not like acidic soils, swamps. Rarely gives root suckers, and the stump shoots are usually rich. In the temperate zone, it does not suffer from frost, it is practically not damaged by pests.
The hornbeam is propagated, according to the site, by layering, cuttings, seeds. If the seeds are sown in the spring, then.
Common types of hornbeam
common hornbeam
Common hornbeam (Сarpinus betulus L) can be found in Europe, Belarus, the Baltic states, Ukraine, the Caucasus, in the mountainous Crimea. Distributed on the slopes of the mountains in mixed forests with oak and beech.
The common hornbeam is a very beautiful tree 25 m high, its crown is compact, low, cylindrical, the bark is smooth, silver-gray. The trunks are often angular, ribbed, smooth at the top, with deep cracks at the bottom.
Young shoots have a silky edge, in an adult tree the branches are bare, shiny, with brown bark and white lenticels. The leaflets are oval, pointed, the veins protruding, corrugated from the veins.
The foliage is dark green above, turning lemon yellow to deep purple in autumn.
Flowers appear at the same time as the leaves open. Male flowers are earrings up to 6 cm long. Female earrings are compact and short. When the fruits ripen, the earrings become longer - up to 15 cm, they consist of many dry bracts of three-lobed wrappers, fused with nuts - ribbed, brown-gray, shiny, small in size. The hornbeam lives for about 100 years.
The hornbeam is a shade-tolerant plant, it is not too demanding on the composition of the soil and its moisture, it is quite winter-hardy.
It is usually propagated by seeds, which are stratified before sowing in 2 stages:
- at a temperature of 200C 15-60 days;
- at temperatures up to 100C 90-12 days.
You can also plant cuttings, their rooting rate is about 55%. Seeds remain viable for up to 3 years. They are stored in tightly sealed vessels, paper bags in a dry room without heating or in a refrigerator.
This type of hornbeam is a great plant for decoration. It is widely used in forest parks, parks, gardens. Hornbeam hedges look beautiful. The tree is decorative in single and group plantings. The hornbeam is one of the tree species that is very effective in reducing the noise of the city. In addition, its popularity in decoration is facilitated by its slow growth and long-term preservation of the shape of the crown, which was given during pruning.
The common hornbeam has several decorative forms:
- pyramidal (upright growing tree with a narrow pyramidal crown);
- columnar (the crown is narrower than that of a pyramidal hornbeam);
- weeping (the branches of the tree are thin, drooping);
- carved (the leaves of this form of hornbeam are narrow, deeply sharp-lobed);
- oaky (leaves are small, wide-toothed, deep-lobed);
- purple (leaves are purple at first, then turn green).
Photo gallery
Hornbeam Carolina
Carolina hornbeam (Сarpinus caroliniana Walter) can be seen in the east of North America, along the banks of rivers, the outskirts of swamps. The tree is usually 5-6 m tall, sometimes grows up to 12 m. After freezing, it grows in a bushy manner. Blossoms in May, fruits ripen by the end of September. The seeds have a rather low germination rate. Cuttings also root poorly - only about 10%.
Caucasian hornbeam
The Caucasian hornbeam (Сarpinus caucasica Grossh) grows in the Crimea, Asia, and the Caucasus. Usually found in mountains up to 1000 m above sea level. It rarely forms pure hornbeam forests, often growing in mixed deciduous. It grows up to 35 m. After freezing, it grows in a bushy manner. This species does not bloom, is not resistant to frost.
Hornbeam hearty
The heart-leaved hornbeam is found in the wild in mixed shady coniferous-deciduous forests of China, Primorsky Krai, Japan, and Korea. Distributed in the foothills up to 300 m. It tolerates shading well.
This view is very beautiful and unique. Its transparent in the sun, delicate foliage is decorative, the fruits are original. Looks great in combination with conifers. The crown is very dense, spreading, lowered low. The bark of the trees is silver-gray, with deep cracks. Young shoots are initially covered with hairs, adult branches are bare, many lentils are located on them. The leaves are pointed, narrowly heart-shaped at the base, doubly serrated along the edge. The foliage is light green at first, turning rusty or pale reddish in autumn. Male earrings 8 cm long grow on legs densely covered with hairs. Women's earrings are like hop cones, the same green, thick, grow up to 25 cm in length. The nut fruit is dark brown, the hornbeam begins to bear fruit at the age of 20.
This species is unpretentious to the soil. Very wind resistant due to the root system, which is superficial and highly branched. It lives up to 200 years, but at the age of 50 the top begins to dry. The hearty hornbeam grows slowly, it tolerates haircuts and transplants well.
Easily propagated by seeds, root shoots, layering. Can develop an impenetrable hedge.
Oriental hornbeam
The eastern hornbeam is also called the hornbeam (Carpinus orientalis Mill). It can be found in the Crimea, Asia Minor, Iran, the Caucasus, the Balkans, where it grows on dry and rocky mountain slopes, in the undergrowth of coniferous forests. The eastern hornbeam grows up to 5 m, rarely up to 18. It does not bloom, it has a very low winter hardiness.
" Trees
Gardens and dachas of the new wave are stylish cottages, with a comfortable area for citizens to relax, surrounded by beautiful landscape. A traditional dacha, the main function of which is to harvest, also necessarily includes a recreation area., lovingly decorated by the owners. It is for the spectacular design of the backyard territory, a beautiful lawn, a playground for children, that ornamental plants and trees are needed, which are worth talking about in detail.
In addition to the natural aesthetic function - to give a person enjoyment of the beauty of nature, ornamental trees and shrubs are used by gardeners and designers to solve purely practical problems. Visual expansion of too narrow, or very small area. Decorating outbuildings, strengthening slopes and screes. Zoning of the site, the creation of dividing screens between the garden and the backyard area. Protection of the individual space of a small cottage from prying eyes, without erecting a fence.
Popular ornamental trees in the garden and in the country
The current trend in gardening is a beautiful, fruit-bearing garden that does not require huge physical costs to care for and maintain decorativeness. The priority is the beauty and unpretentiousness of trees; the practical benefits of plantings fade into the background. This explains the popularity of new forms of fruit and forest trees, represented by modern breeding.:
- compact standard trees with a spherical crown;
- dwarf forms fruit and forest trees;
- weeping forms;
- columnar hybrids familiar trees.
An interesting novelty is the use of forest trees to decorate a summer cottage. For example, hornbeam seedlings are sold by nurseries at bargain prices. Hornbeam is great for creating hedges, decorative backdrops and walls.
To create spectacular compositions, edging lawns, trees of different heights are used.:
- tall (up to 6 m);
- medium tall (up to 3 m);
- stunted and dwarf trees (up to 1.5 m).
A backdrop is formed from tall trees(wall, or focal point), which is complemented by trees and shrubs below. The foreground of the composition is formed from undersized ones. Trees can be decorated with gravel, located on an open lawn, solo, or combined into relief, multi-tiered groups.
The highest ones land in the background, then the middle ones. Low-growing trees and shrubs are located in front.
Recognized leader - coniferous trees
Mature plants require virtually no care. Coniferous plants are decorative all year round, including winter. At the beginning of spring, many species bloom with bright lilac candles, reminiscent of Christmas decorations.. Then comes the time of active growth, the young shoots are much brighter than last year's branches. During this period, all coniferous trees look especially elegant.
Spruce grows well on swampy soils, this is especially true for the Moscow region. Pine is drought-resistant, tolerates pruning well, which allows you to vary the height and decorative shape. For low hedges, walls, yew can be recommended. The yew keeps its shape perfectly, it does not require significant pruning.
Tui
An unpretentious thuja can be safely chosen as the main decorative element of the garden, which will unite the plantings with a single design. Thuja of different varieties will fit perfectly into the composition with undersized shrubs, variegated and flowering trees.
In the nursery, you can pick up varieties of pyramidal, elliptical, or spherical shape. The garden wall of thuja planted in a smooth line looks very interesting. This allows you to unusually beat even a standard suburban area.
For the middle lane, varieties and hybrids of Western thuja are recommended. The unpretentious variety Brabant is suitable for forming a wall, backstage. A single thuja will grow wide, a close planting of a thuja (after 0.5 m) will form a too low wall. The optimal distance between seedlings of the Brabant variety is 1 m. An interesting variety is Wagner's thuja, which has a rounded shape, shorter in stature. Thuja is very fond of showering, spraying, sprinkling.
decorative maples
most popular maple Canadian, Sycamore, Holly maple with burgundy foliage. They perfectly solo on an open lawn, are good in compositions and against the backdrop of hedges.
Maple Holly or Sycamore Burgundy
Like most plants with brightly colored leaves, ornamental colored maples prefer a sunny location. In the shade, the natural color will be faded.. Maple prefers fertile soil, with neutral acidity. Young seedlings should be covered for the winter. An adult plant of a frost-resistant variety will no longer require this.
Exotic for lovers
Magnolia
It can be formed as a bush, but a full-fledged tree with a picturesque crown can grow. Blooming magnolia is an exotic sight, most varieties have a delicate, vanilla-citrus aroma.. Magnolia is strewn with large flowers (bud length up to 12-15 cm). The color scheme and the shape of the opened flower in different varieties of magnolia differ very dramatically.
The capriciousness of magnolia is greatly exaggerated; for successful cultivation, it is enough to follow a few rules. When planting magnolia, special attention should be paid to the root system and the choice of planting site. It is necessary to buy magnolia with a root ball (in a plastic container), preferably in a nursery or garden center. When planting, try not to injure the roots of the seedling. Magnolia loves the bright sun very much, does not tolerate drafts and winds. The optimal landing site is under the southern wall of the house, any outbuilding. Does not like calcareous soils, so such lands must be acidified with peat. Care for an adult plant is not required, only minimal sanitary pruning. For cultivation in gardens of the middle lane, deciduous forms of magnolia are recommended, and the corresponding hybrids.
Young seedlings, even frost-resistant varieties, should be covered for the winter (mulch the roots and cover the crown with agrofiber).
Sakura
A Japanese relative of the familiar cherry, famous throughout the world for its magical flowering. The conditions for growing sakura and magnolia are identical. Sunny place without drafts; neutral or slightly acidic soil. Like ordinary cherries, sakura will need seasonal spraying from pests, abundant watering, and significant pruning.
It is not necessary to buy sakura, it reproduces well by cuttings. This is much cheaper than buying a seedling. In August, the stalk is grafted onto a traditional cherry (or cherry) using the budding method (eye, kidney).
Decorative forms of fruit trees
The apple tree familiar to everyone has many decorative subspecies that bloom more abundantly than simple apple trees. Blooming with scarlet flowers, Ola's apple tree is simply flooded with flowers so that branches are not visible..
Ola apple blossom
Ornamental varieties are grown in the usual agricultural practices, familiar to gardeners for the care of apple trees of traditional varieties. Fruits - small (paradise) apples adorn the garden until late autumn. Yellow, red, purple - look great on the branches. They attract birds to the garden and are a modern take on a natural solution to pest problems. Paradise apples make original jam. Particularly interesting are the weeping forms, with a variegated and colored leaf.
Decorative shrubs in landscape design
Shrubs in the garden technically perform the natural function of the undergrowth. From an aesthetic point of view, shrubs harmoniously complement garden trees and flower beds. acting as a middle manager. This is an extensive class of diverse plants, let's focus on especially popular species.
Junipers: type and variety of bushes
Emphasized decorative, a wide variety of forms and varieties, the name of the most common is given below. By releasing phytoncides, junipers significantly purify the air. In sunny weather, a healing aroma hovers near such a plant.. A common plus of junipers is frost resistance. Bath lovers will need young juniper twigs, which are added to bath brooms for aroma.
Variegata
Recognized varieties include juniper Variegata. Flat, with scaly azure needles, and contrasting sand tassels at the end. The shrub is shade-tolerant, but in a sunny place, the decorative tassels of Variegata will be brighter. An adult plant in a sufficient area will look like a lush flower bed.
Cossack
An unpretentious plant of smoky color, prefers light soils, looks great in composition with variegated hostas, ordinary and tree peony. Loves loosening and sprinkling branches. When transplanting, the pit should be 2 times larger than the root ball. Junipers do not resist pruning, although they do not need mandatory pruning.
Between the bushes of the Cossack juniper should be at least 1 - 1.5 meters. In adulthood, it is a spreading, lush bush.
Rock Sky Rocket
Tall Blue Juniper - Rocky Sky Rocket. In diameter up to 1 meter, in height up to 7 meters. It looks like a slender tree, vaguely reminiscent of cypress.
glauka
Low juniper Glauka (up to 30 cm), can grow up to 3 meters wide. The powerful root system of this plant allows you to strengthen the slopes if necessary. This is a suitable plant for the foreground of a garden composition.
Mint Juliet
The fastest growing medium juniper - Mint Julit, reaches 3.5 m in width, up to 1.5 m in height. Blue Carpet is an active aggressor, it occupies a vast area. Reacts to pruning with increased growth. This must be taken into account when landing, but you can use it for your own purposes.
Barberry - add bright accents
An interesting shape of the bush, delicate branches, bright foliage inherent in various varieties, allows the barberry to lead among the colored shrubs. Blooms actively in spring. The crown is purple, red, lilac, lettuce in summer, incredibly transformed in autumn. This is a real carnival of colors, from lemon to wine-colored foliage, scarlet clusters of fruits. Barberry berries are an excellent seasoning for pilaf and meat dishes.
Barberry looks great in single and group plantings. A front garden, an alpine hill, a clearing edging - all these compositions will successfully complement the barberry of the variety and color you like. Barberries of different heights (from 30 cm to 1.5 m) can be interestingly beaten in a prefabricated mixborder. Barberry Thunberg is good in combination with conifers. Undersized pillow-shaped barberry Green Carpet is used for rocky compositions in the Japanese style.
It develops well in an open, sunny place, not picky about soils. Does not tolerate stagnant soil input, when planting a barberry, a high-quality drainage cushion should be provided.
Low growing shrub (up to 80 cm) in looks very exotic, blooms profusely with orange-red flowers. In summer and autumn, it is decorated with fruits resembling heavenly apples. Used for flower beds and rose gardens.
Japanese quince grows well on light sandy soils, loves lighted places. An excellent jam is made from the fruits of the hostess.
Red viburnum
A habitual shrub that never ceases to delight with its beauty and useful berries. Viburnum is very good in color, in autumn it turns crimson - yellow, red clusters of berries glow in the sun.
Kalina loves shady places, the bush can grow quite extensively. This property of viburnum can be successfully used for decorating outbuildings, blank walls of sheds. He likes good watering, the land for planting is mixed with humus (1 × 1). The ground under the viburnum bush should be mulched with tree bark, this will help the moisture-loving plant to develop.
It grows wild in central and southern Europe, in North Africa, in the European part of Russia, mainly in its middle part and in Asia Minor. Rarely found in the west and north of Russia. Kalina can be found in Central and Western Siberia, as well as in the eastern and northern regions of Kazakhstan. Viburnum vulgaris does not grow in Central Asia and the Far East.
Familiar in indoor forms, the large-leaved garden hydrangea is a godsend for lovers of bright, actively flowering plants. Large inflorescences (12-15 cm) bloom in July, remain on the branches until autumn. An adult wisteria bush is not high (up to 1 m), it can reach two meters in diameter, this must be taken into account when planting. Large inflorescences are white, greenish, crimson, pink and even blue.
Hydrangea loves well-lit places, but direct sunlight is harmful to her. You will need moist, slightly acidic soil, abundant watering, top dressing. When planting, peat, sand, coniferous forest soil are added to the earthen mixture. Feeding the hydrangea with iron preparations, amateurs achieve a bright blue color of the inflorescences from the hydrangea.. It is advisable to mulch the near-trunk circle with needles, use slightly acidified water for irrigation. For the winter, the hydrangea should be covered.
Interesting novelty: columnar fruit trees
Compact, productive trees, studded with fruits of the usual size, have fascinated many gardeners. The columns bear fruit already in the second year, take up little space, it is convenient to care for them.. The life span of such a tree is up to 15 years, in contrast to the usual longevity of ordinary fruit and stone fruit trees.
What are columnar trees
Columnar apple tree - undersized, dwarf (relative to the standard) standard tree. Proven, high-quality varieties - Arbat (red apple of medium ripening), Bolero (winter), Jin (summer variety).
On sale there are seedlings of columnar trees of the latest selection: plums, cherry plums, pears, peaches. The main problem is variety instability. Dying off of the lower branches, changes in the shape of the crown (formation of a "broom"), freezing of growth buds, degeneration of the variety. There is a blatant fraud of sellers. If you decide to grow columns, buy adapted seedlings from trusted regional nurseries.
At the moment, only the columnar apple tree boasts a large number of varieties of sustainable breeding. The rest of the columnar novelties can be purchased only at your own peril and risk.
Features of planting and caring for fruit trees
Columns are very comfortable for processing and care, organization of drip or spot irrigation. The growth of an adult fruit tree is about 1.5 m, it is grown in the usual agricultural technology, like ordinary fruit and stone fruit trees. Depending on the variety, seedlings are planted at a distance of 0.4 - 0.7 m from each other. The distance between the rows is 2 - 2.5 m. It will take seasonal pruning, pest control, top dressing, loosening the root circle.
After planting a one-year-old seedling, the plant will show its variety in the first year. To do this, 2-3 flower ovaries are left on the tree, it is better to remove the rest of the flowers in the first year.. The seedling needs strength to adapt to a new place, to form a healthy root system.
Selection does not stand still, popular varieties are constantly being improved. Whether to experiment with original novelties, or choose a decorative variety that has been proven over the years, is a constant temptation for a gardener. Based on your taste preferences, you can choose an original decoration for your favorite garden.
