If we assess the sexual literacy of Russians on a five-point scale, then we can safely put a two, - says sexologist Vladimir Fainzilberg. - We are talking about ignorance of anatomy - for example, boys do not know where the clitoris is, girls do not understand why a boy can be pleased. Also, people often do not have psychological preparation for an intimate life - girls are scared, boys are not confident in themselves. Now sexology in our country is in its infancy.And you need to develop it, because ignorance of basic things about sex can put partners in an awkward position, even marriages break down because of this.
The French are also thinking about gaps in sexual literacy. FROM the sociologist Odile Fillaude, as reported by the French scientific portal Makery,came to the conclusion that a normal image of the clitoris, for example, is not in any textbook on anatomy. On her initiative, not just an image was made, but a 3D model of this organ. This model was printedin the digital workshop Carrefour and now shown in educational institutions.
Fillod believes that all ideas about the "inferiority of women" (for example, in many countries menstruation is considered a woman's shame) arise from the fact that people are little familiar with female physiology. According to Fillod, it was very important for her to tell young people more about the female body. Better yet, show in such a clear modern waythat becomes the center of female pleasure.
"Tickle" and "lust"
Interestingly, translated from Latin clitorido means "tickle". Earlier in Russian there was also a name for this organ - "lover"... And scientifically speaking, this is an unpaired genital organ in female mammals, and this is one of the main erogenous zones. Yes, it was created only for pleasure and for nothing else.
The clitoris consists of three parts: the head (the upper outer part, it can be seen just behind the labia), the body and two cylindrical legs. There is one more important part - the foreskin of the clitoris ( a skin fold covering the outer part of the clitoris body and its head from external damage).TO the litor is shaped like an inverted V.
1 - the head of the clitoris
2 - clitoral hood
3 - erectile tissue (arousal zone)
4 - legs of the clitoris
Unbelievable, but true: the clitoris is similar in structure to the male penis. Just like the penis, it has a suspension ligament, a frenulum, its cavernous bodies are surrounded by a dense white membrane and consist of cells.
By the way, about the sizes: they are individual, but on average, the total length of the head of the clitoris is from 4 mm to 1 cm.In general, the length of the clitoris (including its inner part) is usually from 8 to 20 cm. The average size of the male penis, according statistical data, 9-16 cm. But women will not be able to measure themselves like men: as already mentioned, most of the clitoris is inside the body.
The head of the clitoris is covered with a skin fold (clitoral hood). In the normal state, the head may not be visible at all, or only a small part of it is visible. With sexual arousal, an erection of the clitoris occurs, the head protrudes forward.
The sensory nerves of the clitoris begin in the skin, pass into the dorsal nerve of the clitoris, and then go as part of the pudendal nerve to the spinal cord. As a result, when the clitoris is stimulated, information about the achievement of pleasure arrives in the female brain.
There may be too many nerve endings in the clitoris. In this case, the organ becomes too sensitive, and any touch to the head of the clitoris can give the woman not pleasure, but pain. Experts advise girls not to hesitate to confess to their partner if she has any discomfort.
Why does the clitoris need legs?
As sexologist Alexander Poleev said, people most often know only about the head of the clitoris and have no ideaabout the role of the legs. And this role is very important.
The legs are wrapped around the vaginal tube on both sides. Their function is to squeeze the vagina during intimacy so that there is good contact with the male genital organ, - said Alexander Poleev.
How exactly does it work? There are cavities in the leg, which, with sexual arousal, fill with blood - due to this, they compress the vagina.
According to the sexologist,it’s not surprising that most people have little idea of \u200b\u200bwhat the clitoris looks like. After all, even scientists until recently did not know exactly what he was.
The clitoris itself, according to the sexologist, was "discovered" in the early 17th century - one Italian scientist made out his legs. But until recently, the existence of the legs was questioned. Some doctors considered them to be part of the vagina.
The spongy tissue is very tightly fused with the body of the vagina, and there is a lot around the connective tissue, so it was difficult to understand where the vagina ends and where the spongy tissue begins, '' explained Alexander Poleev. - After all, research was previously carried out on corpses.
Modern medical equipment made it possible to see the clitoris in more detail - about 20 years ago.
These are installations of the type of magnetic resonance imaging, - said Alexander Poleev. - A woman masturbates with a vibrator in such an installation. We see that the vaginal tube does not change, but these two legs are filled with blood and stand out clearly.
But until now, the clitoris poses many questions for sexologists.
Have the clitoris is a rather complex physiology. There is a phenomenon that in adolescence the receptors of the clitoris are much more sensitive, - said Alexander Poleev. “Then, in a fifth or even a fourth of girls, by the age of 21-22, the sensitivity of the clitoris sharply decreases, the discharge disappears, instead of pleasure, they just get pleasant sensations. Although the number of receptors cannot change, it is constant - about 8 thousand.
In appearance, the receptors, according to the sexologist, also do not change.
But something changes there, since they don't function, ”he says. - So there is still a lot of research to be done in this regard. The clitoris is the beginning of a complex system of female sexual pleasure. There, in addition to the vaginal tube, the clitoris, there are nerve nodes in the surrounding tissues that conduct pathways ... This system in many women is quite severely disturbed. 34% of women experience no vaginal discharge. The scale of violations - imagine if 34% of people had one leg! Why this system is so often violated, we do not know very well. We still need to work and work on this.
Woman with "penis"
Clitoridectomy is an operation to partially or completely remove the clitoris. Why do they do it? The fact is that the head of the clitoris can be too large (sometimes reaches 3.5 cm) - this interferes, for example, when urinating. And sex life can come to a standstill if a woman is embarrassed that, in fact, she has her own penis.
Moreover, clitoral hypertrophy can be congenital and acquired. In any case, the main reason is g hormonal imbalance. Congenital hypertrophy can be due to the inability of the adrenal glands to produce the hormone cortisol (steroids accumulate in the body). Acquired hypertrophy can occur inwomen who are heavily addicted to anabolic steroids to build muscle (and this disrupted hormones).
Surgery to reduce the clitoris is also performed with anorgasmia (inability to experience orgasm) - in other words, when the clitoris does not fulfill its main function and does not help the woman to become sexually aroused. In such an operation, part of the clitoral mucous tissue is removed in order to increase its sensitivity.
A bit of history: in In the 19th century, clitoridectomy was practiced in some countries as a method of "treating" masturbation in women: all traditional religions consider masturbation ("masturbation") a grave sin.
Sharp objects are brought to the clitoris not only by surgeons. Nowadays, some of the fair sex, in search of thrills, piercing their clitoris. More precisely, its head. In their opinion, with such a "peppercorn" sex becomes more pleasant and interesting. This increases the risk of getting an infection during intercourse - after all, in fact, a puncture is a small wound. Moreover, taking into account the hypersensitivity of the clitoris, you can imagine how painful it can be if you accidentally touch or even tear off a spicy jewelry.
If it hurts
There are situations when a doctor's consultation is required not only to correct the size of the clitoris, but also to treat various diseases and even injuries.
Yes, he can be injured during sex. Such cases, of course, are rare, becausethe clitoris is located in such a way that during sexual intercourse it is practically not touched by the partner. But if the partner has a violent imagination and is not attentive enough, then anything can happen.
Sometimes the partner (by accident or on purpose) behaves rudely: presses too hard on the clitoris, touches it with dry fingers. The result is abrasions and even hemorrhage.As already mentioned, the clitoris is analogous to a man's penis, and large blood vessels also pass through it, so bleeding can be profuse and painful. The saddest trauma, perhaps, can be a partner's bite during cunnilingus (oral sex). In addition to the fact that for a woman it will be incredible pain, it will take a long time to heal such a wound: the location of this organ causes difficulties with the regular application of healing ointments.
Itching of the clitoris can occur with bacterial vaginosis (violation of the microflora of the vagina) and vaginitis (inflammation of the vaginal mucosa). Pathogenic microorganisms infect the thin tissues of the organ, causing discomfort.
With sexually transmitted diseases such as chlamydia (a sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacteria chlamydia) and gonorrhea (purulent inflammation of the urinary tract), itching is also accompanied by purulent discharge. If the clitoris is itchy and covered with small ulcers, then this is very similar to syphilis. The ulcer in this case is a hard chancre (the initial sign of syphilis).
Itching can also be a sign of an allergic reaction to synthetic underwear, intimate hygiene soap and poor-quality sanitary napkins.
Even pimples may appear on the clitoris. It could be an ingrown hair due to improper depilation. In addition, a pimple on the clitoris can cause infection on the mucous membrane. Among the reasons for the appearance of acne on the clitoris may be the same hormonal imbalance, hypothermia and wearing tight underwear.Squeezing such acne, of course, is strictly prohibited.
And it is imperative to see a doctor in all these cases! Even superficial abrasions on the genitals can lead to inflammation, infection, like any other wound on the body. You should not start treatment yourself. The only thing that can be done before the visit to the doctor is to treat the wound with a disinfectant and take a bath with a decoction of chamomile.
Female circumcision
The practice of "female circumcision" is associated with the clitoris. In this ritual, either the hood of the clitoris or the head of the clitoris is most often removed. The rite of female circumcision exists among some peoples in Asia and Africa (in Russia - in Dagestan). The goal is to reduce the sexual sensitivity of women so that they lead a chaste lifestyle.Those who practice this rite associate it with Islamic traditions, although most Islamic preachers say that this has nothing to do with religion.
Among the side effects of such an operation are urinary disorders, bleeding. Previously Life Obstetrician-gynecologist Yulianna Abaeva then confirmed that circumcision is indeed harmful to health.
- This procedure is harmful, - she said. - Cut off a part of the body. First, it can lead to profuse blood loss during the "operation". When the cuts heal, scars form on the genitals. This means that each sexual intercourse will be accompanied by the formation of cracks, bleeding, pain. I'm not talking about the psychological aspect: a woman will cease to feel like a woman.
This money cannot be touched. But everyone wants to have them. The bitcoin rate is now growing at a rate that even the dollar did not dream about against the ruble in the darkest days of the Russian economy. Many people probably know about cryptocurrency. But not everyone still understands how it functions. If you hear more and more about bitcoins, mining, blockchain, tokens, etc., but hesitate to ask what it is so as not to be considered a person behind the times, then this publication is for you.
1. How does cryptocurrency work?
Today there are more and more people for whom mining is not just a game, but almost the main source of income. Mining is the process of earning cryptocurrency. For example, we are already talking about the electrician Andrei Turetsky, who, without leaving his home, earns more than a thousand dollars a month.
“I took out a loan of 100 thousand rubles to buy a so-called farm - a computer and 5 video cards for 8 gigs each,” says 31-year-old Andrey. - Now you can buy a ready-made farm, but I collected mine myself. The equipment cost me 127 thousand.
To understand how mining takes place, you need to understand how cryptocurrency works. The very concept of cryptocurrency appeared in 2008. The creator of Bitcoin, Satoshi Nakatomo (by the way, this is a pseudonym, nobody knows the real name of this person) conceived the cryptocurrency as a counterbalance to the banking system, which proved its instability and unreliability during the global financial crisis. At the heart of cryptocurrency is blockchain technology.
To put it simply, this is the principle due to which all bitcoin holders are connected to each other by a virtual network that allows transferring cryptocurrencies to each other directly, without intermediaries in the form of banks. This kind of money has advantages: it cannot be stolen, you can pay with it anonymously, and transfers are made in a matter of seconds.
2. How to earn bitcoins?
In some ways, cryptocurrency resembles a torrent. In fact, this is also a program that is not located on a separate computer or server, but on millions of computers of users who have connected to the system. Those who have downloaded pirated films know that the film is stored on the machines of hundreds of users, which transmit information to each other directly and without control.
The bitcoin program also works, which has united millions of users. Only they do not exchange files, but provide transactions. It is clear that no one will store an incomprehensible program on their computer so that someone can transfer money wherever they want. Therefore, for being in the system, participants are given virtual points - bitcoins. The larger amounts of information your computer (farm) can transfer, the more cryptocurrency units you can mine.
The power of the farm is provided by video cards. Due to the fashion for mining, video cards have now become a large deficit in computer hardware stores, and their cost has grown by half over the year.
"- One video card costing 20-25 thousand rubles brings from 3 thousand rubles a month," says Pavel Perelygin, an IT specialist from Voronezh. - True, now there is no point in mining bitcoins for video cards. Since for mining bitcoins, they have already invented special equipment - "ASIC" (from the English ASIC - "Yo!"). Other types of cryptocurrencies can be mined for video cards.
Pavel Perelygin mines, perhaps, the second most popular cryptocurrency after bitcoin - ethereum. Ethereum price is about $ 750.
3. What cryptocurrencies, besides bitcoins, still exist?
Today there are several thousand types of cryptocurrencies. And this number is constantly growing. Each cryptocurrency has its own course. You can track it on a special website coinmarketcap.com.
In fact, everyone can create their own cryptocurrency. Recently, a group of enterprising Voronezh residents created a new cryptocurrency - Milkcoins. To do this, they came up with a business plan for the construction of a dairy complex for 2,400 dairy cows and put this project on the public Internet ICO platform.
ICO technology (Initial coin offering, from English - "initial coin offering, initial coin offering") allows you to attract investments in cryptocurrency for a specific project. It is necessary to establish the amount that is required and the period for which it needs to be collected. When the required amount is collected on time, those who invested in the project will receive tokens (a kind of shares), and in fact will be co-investors of the enterprise. To issue milcoins, it was required to collect 3.3 thousand ethereums (at the current exchange rate - more than 140 million rubles). True, they managed to collect no more than 2% of the required amount (66 ethers).
4. Why is the bitcoin rate growing?
The bitcoin rate even before the New Year broke the record mark of 20 thousand dollars (though later it fell to 14 thousand). Although at the beginning of 2017, they were given 1.3 thousand dollars for it. The reason for the jump is that the demand for the fancy currency is much higher than the supply. The program is designed to issue a specific amount of bitcoins - 21 million. And the more users, the less everyone earns. Then new types of cryptocurrencies began to appear, as we wrote about above. They are cheaper because they are not as trendy and hyped.
5. Can I buy something with bitcoins?
Bitcoins have already been recognized as a currency of account in Germany and Japan. In Russia, the turnover of cryptocurrency is not officially regulated in any way. That is, it is officially impossible to buy anything for bitcoins in our country. However, this does not prevent the transfer of bitcoins into rubles or dollars.
"- To turn cryptocurrency into real money, you need to register on a special Internet exchange," says Pavel Perelygin. - There you sell bitcoins, ethereums or other cryptocurrencies at the existing rate, and you withdraw the money to your card.
The Russian authorities are increasingly recognizing that cryptocurrency is a phenomenon in the global economy that must be reckoned with. Back in the summer, German Klimenko, Advisor to the President of the Russian Federation on Internet Issues, compared cryptocurrency with shells used to pay for the Mumba-Yumba tribe.
“- You came there, rested, took the shells, brought them to Moscow - you can exchange them at the same owners of shells, but no more,” Klimenko explained.
However, already in October, Vladimir Putin ordered the creation of a Russian law on cryptocurrencies. And recently, Elina Sidorenko, the head of the Duma interdepartmental group for assessing the risks of cryptocurrency turnover, publicly confirmed that direct transactions for the exchange and sale of cryptocurrencies in Russia are not prohibited. At the same time, the official added that negotiations are currently underway with the Federal Tax Service on the taxation of such transactions.
Sex is the basis of gender relations. For some, this is an axiom, someone will begin to argue ardently, stubbornly repeating that the salt is not in this, but precisely in mutual understanding, trust and spiritual harmony between partners. One way or another, sex is definitely the basis without which any normal relationship is hardly possible. That is why sex was, is and will be one of the most discussed and controversial phenomena.
Namely, ambiguous. Because, firstly, there is no limit to perfection, and secondly, it is still sometimes so important to turn off the impulses for a short time in time, turn on your head and ask a simple question: "Am I doing everything right?" Sound familiar? Sure! Otherwise, you would hardly have met this material on the world wide web. Therefore, especially for you, the answers to 10 most intimate questions about the most interesting :)
If sex isn't rough enough, how do you start?
During the "foreplay" forcefully pull his hands up and behind his head with your hands, hold them there for a while while you kiss him. If a this is does not take place in a horizontal position, use the wall as a fulcrum.
Why do many people prefer sex in the light?
As you know, men love with their eyes, so it is especially important for them not only to surrender to the sensations in sex, but at the same time to admire their partner. You should not be shy and embarrassed, because at the moment of intimacy the emotions and perception of you by a man differ from everyday ones, and the vector of assessment always gravitates towards the “+” sign.
How long does it take for a man between rounds?
The average is from five minutes to half an hour. However, everything here is also individual and depends both on physiology and on the partner's attraction to you. Therefore, it is not at all necessary in case of his too long "recovery" after sex to blame exclusively the man for everything. Maybe we should just change tactics?
What clothes will excite a man?
According to the data of the conducted polls, black linen, without any cleverly wise fasteners, excites the strong half of humanity the most. White, cream or red plain openwork underwear is a little less interesting. And, of course, the interest of men in stiletto heels, which, by the way, can be left on during sex, has become almost classic.
Will he like the caress of the nipples and buttocks?
If any caresses of the penis and everything connected with it, often driving it to a frenzy, then with other parts of the body, be it men's buttocks, nipples or something else, everything is individual. If you don't try, you won't know.
What foods are best for sex games?
The use of certain products before or immediately during intercourse is associated, as a rule, with the desire to diversify your sex life, in the literal sense to add spicy or sweet notes to it. And for a woman, it is also a way to make the man's language appear in the right place at the right time. What to choose for this? The cream is held firmly in the spray can. Or fruit.
Can there be an excess of sex?
If you have order with natural lubricant (or, as it is also called, lubricant), sex, of course, cannot bring any harm. If this problem still occurs, there is a risk of developing a urogenital infection, which is a consequence of damage to the hypersensitive tissues of the genital organs. The way out is the use of various lubricants, of which there are a great many in our time.
What is the best position to use for the bath or shower?
Don't want your first bathroom experience to end with a visit to a trauma specialist? Choose stable poses! It is important to find points of support for the arms and legs and bend well in the back. The man should be in the back. This position will not only provide deeper penetration and give new sensations, but also allow you to experience a sense of unpredictability, because you never know what will happen behind your back in a moment.
What will give a man more pleasure during oral sex?
Avoid feelings of banality and satiety in your partner. Remember: connecting different parts of your body (hands, lips, teeth, tongue) to the task of "giving him maximum pleasure", as well as frequent changes in the style of movements will give an amazing effect and give you both the most vivid impressions. Enthusiasm, enthusiasm and only him! You can also imagine eating delicious ice cream.
How to enhance his sensations?
About a couple of minutes before his orgasm, massage the area behind the scrotum in a circular motion - and in a minute you will see an amazing result. In addition, most men love it when a woman squeezes the muscles of the vagina. Not all of us can achieve this. However, through regular training of intimate muscles through Kegel exercises, you will quickly come to the desired effect and give you both unforgettable moments!
Procrastination has earned itself a bad reputation - and for good reason. In time management, it is considered the biggest and worst mistake associated with laziness, weakness, disorganization and lack of self-discipline.
So why are we all doing this? Well, it turns out you can actually get some benefit from postponing the inevitable. In some cases, procrastination can do more good than bad.
The benefits of procrastination
1. Energy
This is the most valuable plus of procrastination, allowing you to do what you didn't want to do. You obviously did not dream about this task, otherwise you would not have postponed its completion for so long. If you wait for fear of repercussions to push you to work, the adrenaline rush will make you jump right in. And everyone knows that starting a project that you don't want to do is the hardest part. If you need a sense of fear to propel you into action, then you get it through procrastination. And - bam! You started a business, which means that you are already on the way to its completion.
2. Focus
This is the second valuable benefit of procrastination, and as such, some people do well under stress. Fear gives additional strength, a clear view and concentration on the current task. The adrenaline kicks in as you approach the deadline. Unexpectedly, you don't allow breaks or get distracted by other things - phone, email, or coworkers - until you're done. Fear can wake you up and give you the clarity you get after a good sleep or a dose of caffeine.
3. Speed
If the task takes at least an hour and you have exactly that hour before the deadline, there is no chance that you will spend more time. You do not allow yourself to indulge in such indulgences as rest, do not let your thoughts wander, and do not devote more time to this activity than necessary. In an hour, you can definitely cross it off your to-do list.
4. Less effort
You don't need discipline to get started and stay focused on a task; the deadline and fear of the consequences will do it for you. It would take you a lot of self-discipline to finish this four-hour report if you started it a few days ago, or to wake up and start packing from that attic, but now discipline is not needed: instead, there is fear as motivation. And this is really a big deal, because discipline is not at all interesting, and even so difficult! :-)
Conclusion
You probably ask yourself every time: "Why am I doing this with me?" Now there is a clear answer: to get energy and do what you don't feel like doing. Your energy level is higher, it is more difficult to distract you. Your speed increases; you gain momentum to be on time. And it takes less effort; it's just easier!
These are the benefits of procrastination. This is why many say, "I am best at doing things at the last minute."
Fear is an effective motivator.
Waiting for the last minute creates an atmosphere of urgency that can be confused with productivity. You redo a bunch of work in a short amount of time, and is that a bad thing? But you don't really take quality into account: you measure quantity. In this sense, at least some of the work has actually been done. But do you perform better when you're in a hurry? Do you create work of the same quality when you work at the last minute and when you give yourself ample time?
The harm of procrastination
1. Stress
You are under a lot of pressure when you procrastinate. While short bursts of energy are helpful for survival, they are not meant to last for long periods of time. Making procrastination a lifestyle is not very helpful. Stress originally emerged as a way to survive, but if you stay in this mode for too long, you will inevitably have to face the consequences in the form of burnout.
How do you feel after being in the procrastination cycle for a while and constantly trying to complete the next task? If exhausted, nervous, tired, depressed, then this is not the best way to work and manage life.
2. Poor quality
Pressure and quality have a tense relationship. They don't get along. As the pressure increases, the quality often drops. Have you ever seen someone break down under pressure - like athletes losing a big game; employees responsible for documents in which the simplest errors are found; candidates starting to stutter in job interviews? What about rushed products only to be returned immediately for revision?
Fear of deadlines gets in the way of creative thinking and narrows your horizons.
When you wait until the last, you usually do not perform well, as if you have given enough time to work. It just means choosing in advance what level of quality you want - and not letting the deadline decide for you.
3. Less control and comfort
Procrastination makes the deadline central to your life. Even though you have a choice of when to start an assignment, once you reach the deadline, there is no choice. At this moment, every minute is valuable. There is no way for you to pay attention to anything else. Doing everything at the last minute is usually uncomfortable. We ranked speed as a plus for procrastination, because the energy and adrenaline generated during this time can make you rush and work faster.
But what if you can't control the speed? The task may take longer than you originally anticipated.
Imagine that at the last minute you are almost finishing a work project and suddenly find that you desperately need information from a person who is on vacation right now. Now there is no way to hide the fact that you have been putting off work until the last moment and that you have absolutely no respect for the project if you have not bothered to devote enough time, attention and intelligence to it.
If you wait until the last minute, you are depriving yourself of the opportunity to choose the most convenient and fastest time period that the task can take. You deny yourself control over the situation and, in fact, completely rely on luck and coincidence.
Conclusion
Now that we have weighed the pros and cons of procrastination, it's time for a final opinion.
When quality doesn't matter, procrastination is okay.
The quality of many solutions to problems, such as checking voicemail, unfolding documents, shopping for groceries, doing laundry, taking out the trash, will not be affected by the fact that you do it at the last minute. They don't require thought, analysis, research, feedback, brainstorming, deduction, or deep immersion in work. So harness this burst of energy and focus from procrastination to end all third urgency problem solutions and assignments.
Nobody judges how well you threw out the trash; it matters that you do it. And as long as the bills are paid on time, you are safe.
The kilt, the traditional clothing of the Scottish Highlanders, is the country's national pride. In ancient times, this woolen wardrobe item, reminiscent of a skirt, performed an important function: by the color of the ornament, a person's belonging to one of the most ancient clans was determined. Now, of course, there are much more colors - the so-called tartans. There is also a special Russian tartan among them. Only if we follow the tradition, we can wear it.
The Scottish kilt is made of a special fabric - tartan, woven from natural wool. In our usual sense, a kilt outwardly almost does not differ from a pleated skirt, but in the Middle Ages its length could reach seven meters. If necessary, they could wrap the whole body to protect themselves from the cold.
The word "tartan" itself is of Celtic origin and is translated as "color of the area." Initially, tartans (ornaments, not fabric) belonged to eleven Scottish clans inhabiting various regions of the country, and were created in strict accordance with the laws of heraldry. Therefore, by the color of the pattern, it was easy to determine where the person came from.
Earliest depiction of Scottish soldiers in kilts, woodcut 1631.
Until the 19th century, only natural dyes were used to dye tartan threads. They got a black tint from alder, yellow from birch, heather gave the threads an orange color, blueberries - purple, blackberries - blue. Red tartan was considered a sign of prosperity, since it is quite problematic to obtain red with the help of natural dyes.
In the middle of the 18th century, when the British suppressed the Jacobite uprising, they forbade the Scots to wear kilts. Some obeyed the order, but the Scots, who lived high in the mountains, did not take off their kilt, even on pain of death.
Painting "Battle of Culloden". As a result of this battle, the uprising raised by the Scots to return the Stuart family to the British throne was finally suppressed.
The only ones allowed to wear kilts were the soldiers of the special royal regiments who patrolled the mountains of Scotland. They wore the Black Watch tartan, one of the most recognizable designs and the first military tartan.
After the ban was lifted, it turned out that many traditional tartan colors were forgotten. Then a large-scale campaign to revive the national heritage began. Tartans were restored from paintings and ancient books of tailors.
In 1822, King George IV came to Edinburgh and declared: "Let everyone wear their own tartan." On this, the variety of tartans began to grow exponentially. Today, there are more than four thousand varieties. The most popular ones are:
1. Caledonia is a versatile tartan that can be worn by every Scotsman.
3. Dress Campbell is a dress tartan of the Campbell clan.
4. Burberry - a tartan worn by generals of the British army during the Boer War.
5. Dress Gordon - an elegant version of the Gordon clan tartan.
6. Royal Stewart - the most famous tartan in the world, belonging to the royal dynasty of Stuarts.
In addition to the clan colors, there are many, so to speak, highly specialized tartans. Many public organizations and government agencies have their signature designs on fabrics, including the Royal Bank of Scotland. There are mourning tartans, hunting tartans, holiday tartans ...
Created in 1963, the Scottish Tartans Society assigns a unique code to all registered designs, based on the number of threads of each color.
There is also a "Russian" tartan. It is composed of the Barclay and Lermontov tartans, named respectively in honor of the Scottish-born military leader Mikhail Barclay de Tolly and the poet Mikhail Lermontov.
