Trefoil leaves in Latin. Three-leaf watch

Vacht trifolia is a fairly commonly used plant in informal medicine. It has been used for the treatment of various pathologies since ancient times. Watch lists are widely used in medical practice. The infusion helps stimulate appetite, normalize digestion, and also enhance the production of gastric juice. Remedies from the leaves are used to treat gastrointestinal pathologies, in particular gastritis, as well as ailments of the liver and biliary tract. The laxative, choleretic, diuretic and sedative effects of drugs from this plant are known.

The shift is also used in dermatological practice. Medicines from it are used to treat skin ailments, in particular dermatomycosis, scleroderma, psoriasis, baldness, acne, and vitiligo.

The plant is used by companies that produce alcoholic beverages, particularly beer and liqueurs. The leaves, crushed to a powdery consistency, are used as spices.

The shift is also valued by veterinarians. Products made from it have an antiseptic effect and promote the treatment of wounds and ulcers. The plant in question is also used in the textile industry. The watch gives the fabrics a greenish tint. In addition, the three-leaf plant is an excellent honey plant.

Botanical description

Vakhta trifolia is a small herbaceous perennial belonging to the genus Vakhta and the family Vakhtovaya, reaching a height of twenty centimeters. The plant is called water trefoil. It is endowed with long creeping, segmented rhizomes rising at the top, long-petiolate trifoliate whole notched leaves, leafless flowering stems, white or pale pink two-centimeter long, collected in racemose inflorescences, flowers located on the tops of the stems.

The fruits of the plant are round or ovoid, single-locular capsules pointed at the top, opening with two doors. One capsule contains approximately eight ovoid yellowish or brownish smooth shiny seeds. The watch begins to bloom in late spring, and the fruits ripen by mid-summer.

Russia, the Caucasus, the Far East, Western Siberia - the growing area. Wetlands, low-lying and transitional swamps, marshy banks, overgrown lakes, swampy forests, ditches and ditches are places of growth.

Several recommendations regarding the collection and preparation of plant materials

The foliage of this plant is mainly used to make preparations. It is recommended to collect leaves after the watch has finished blooming. Next, the raw materials are sorted and spread in a thin layer on a tarpaulin and dried outside under a canopy or in a special dryer at a temperature not exceeding 50 degrees.

The harvested grass is poured into paper bags and stored in a well-ventilated area. The duration of use and storage of blanks is two years, no more.

What substances and healing properties is the watch rich in?

It is not for nothing that the plant is widely used in medical and dermatological practice. People have known about the healing power of the watch since ancient times; recipes for centuries-tested medicines are passed down from generation to generation. People value the plant and use it not only for medicinal but also for preventive purposes.

The watch has a rich composition. It contains a considerable amount of useful and healing substances:

• iridoid glycosides;
• loganina;
• foliamentina;
• meniaina;
• flavonoids;
• routine;
• trifolina;
• hyperoside;
• alkaloids;
• tannins;
• triterpenoids;
• betulin;
• betulinic acid;
• ascorbic acid;
• pectin substances;
• choline;
• saponins;
• micro- and macroelements;
• inulin;
• bitter substances;
• steroids;
• coumarins.

The plant is endowed with a lot of amazing, unique and, importantly, healing properties. Products based on the three-leaf plant have choleretic, laxative, diuretic, wound healing, antiallergic, antipyretic, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulating and hemostatic effects.

The preparations of the plant in question contribute to:

• strengthening the immune system;
• stopping bleeding;
• minimizing inflammatory processes;
• accelerating wound healing;
• normalization of metabolism;
• increased appetite;
• improving digestion;
• normalization of the functioning of the central nervous system;
• increased secretion of gastric juice;
• eliminating skin rashes;
• therapy: tuberculosis, helminthiasis, migraine, acne, scurvy, pathologies of the oral cavity, cholangitis, toxicosis, gastritis, cholelithiasis, constipation, anorexia, hypertension, insomnia.

Recipes for effective, centuries-tested preparations from the three-leaf plant

There are a considerable number of prescription drugs that help cure various pathologies. They are certainly effective and efficient. However, drugs can only be used with the permission of the attending physician. Do not self-medicate, as this may cause the condition to worsen.

Moreover, be vigilant and careful when preparing products. Stick to the dosages indicated in the recipes and do not abuse drugs from the three-leaf watch.

➡ Preparation of a drug that helps strengthen the immune system. Steam twenty grams of crushed dried leaves of the plant in boiling water - two hundred milliliters. Leave the mixture in a warm place, preferably in a thermos, for an hour. Use the product twice a day - one hundred milliliters in the morning and before going to bed.

➡ Gastritis, anorexia: use of decoction. Pour a tablespoon of dry herb into a saucepan, add 300 ml of water. Wait for the mixture to boil, and then simmer for fifteen minutes over low heat. After filtering, drink ½ glass of the drink three times a day.

➡ Toxicosis: use of powder. Grind the dried herb of the plant to a powdery consistency. Take a gram of the drug twice a day.

➡ Gastritis, gallbladder pathologies: tincture therapy. Fill fifty grams of dry herb with high-quality vodka - 200 ml. Close the container tightly and put it in a cool place for a week. It is recommended to take fifteen drops of the medicine before each sitting at the table.

➡ A remedy for normalizing the functioning of the central nervous system. This same remedy will help normalize sleep. Mix trefoil watch in equal proportions with valerian officinalis, peppermint, chamomile. Steam the raw material in the amount of two tablespoons in three hundred milliliters of just boiled water. Leave the container in a warm place for an hour. Take 100 ml of filtered medicine twice a day.

➡ Infusion for the treatment of biliary dyskinesia. Connect the watch in equal proportions with celandine, chamomile. All components must be pre-crushed and dried. Brew the raw material - 30 grams in just boiled water - 500 ml. Let the composition brew. Filter and drink half a glass of strained liquid twice a day.

Or trifol, water trefoil, (lat. Menyanthes trifoliata), family Rotary. Common names: female toadgrass, beangrass, fever grass, river lapushnik, consumptive grass, three-legged grass, watch-grass, diarrhea grass, scrofulous grass; Belor. babok trochlisty, babounik, trifol, trylion; Ukrainian trefoil bean, trefoil.

The Latin name given to the plant by Linnaeus comes from the Greek. ményein "to open" and anthos "flower" and apparently indicate the successive opening of flowers in an inflorescence. According to another version, menyanthes is derived from the root mén - “month”, since the plant was used to regulate the menstrual cycle. The name trifoliata refers to the plant's trifoliate leaves and means "three-leaved." Another name for the plant - trifol - is a Russified version of the Latin word trifolium - trefoil.

Large light trifoli inflorescences are noticeable even in the dark. Their presence, as it were, warns the traveler about the proximity of a body of water or swamp, keeping a constant watch. From here folk etymology derives the Russian name of the plant - watch.

As for the history of the use of water trefoil for medicinal purposes, the ancient Greeks and Romans did not grow clover as a forage plant, so Pliny's trifolium is most likely a trifolium. He attributed this plant to the genus Clover, since it also has trifoliate leaves. Pliny considered the healing properties of the watch to be dubious, but he considered it a good antidote - to protect the human body from any poison, in his opinion, it was enough to take 25 seeds from the box. Other herbalists of the time generally considered the plant to be poisonous, apparently due to its extremely bitter taste. Therefore, reliable information about the use of watch for medicinal purposes appears only in the Middle Ages. In folk medicine, the watch became widely used around the 17th century.

Description

Wahta is a perennial marsh herbaceous plant 15–35 cm tall with a long, creeping, thick, knotty, internally spongy rhizome, penetrated by air-bearing cavities. Rare adventitious roots extend from the rhizome on the lower side, its upper part is slightly raised. The stem is segmented, creeping, branching. The leaves are compound, alternate, basal, trifoliate, large (17–30 cm long), on long stem-encompassing petioles, with sessile, obovate, entire, glabrous leaflets 3-5 cm wide and 5-8 cm long.

The flowers are bisexual, star-shaped, regular, white or pale pink, emerging from the axils of small bracts, collected in an oblong, thick, apical, erect raceme 3–7 cm long on a long leafless flower stalk. The calyx remaining with the fruit is 2-3 mm long, with 5 obtuse fused lobes. The corolla is half connate, five-lobed, elongated (12–14 mm), funnel-shaped, densely pubescent inside. 5 stamens with large anthers. Pistil with bilobed stigma, ovary superior. The fruit is a single-locular, round-ovoid multi-seeded capsule, pointed at the top, 7–8 mm. long, opens with two doors. The seeds are smooth, elliptical, yellowish or brownish, shiny, small. Vakhta blooms in May–June, its fruits ripen in July–August. Vakhta propagates vegetatively, by seeds and rhizomes.

It grows in the temperate climate of the Northern Hemisphere in Asia, Europe and America, including in the forests of the European part of Russia, as well as the Far East and Siberia, in the swampy forest areas of Belarus and Ukraine. It is found in damp places, peat bogs and mineral soils, swamps, along the banks of lakes, ponds, rivers, in forests and forest-steppe areas, in swampy meadows, and in standing water. Prefers acidic soils. It can form large thickets, growing in a community with horsetails, sedges, whitefly, and cinquefoil.

Blank

For medicinal purposes, only sufficiently developed watch leaves are prepared during and after flowering (May–August), cutting them off near the plate with a remaining petiole no longer than 3 cm. You can’t pick off watch leaves, because they are too easy to pull out by the roots from wet soil , which leads to the death of the plant, and often to the destruction of the thicket. Repeated harvesting in the same place is carried out no earlier than after 2-3 years. The apical and young leaves are not harvested, as they turn black during drying.

The raw materials are sorted, removing impurities, slightly dried in the fresh air, and then dried, laid out in a thin layer, in a well-ventilated room, in the air in the shade or with artificial heat at 45-50 ° C. When drying with artificial heat, the raw materials do not need to be turned over. The end of drying is determined by the fragility of the petioles and main veins of the leaves. Dried leaves should be green, odorless, and taste bitter. Blackened leaves are removed after drying. Store trefoil in a dry, dark place for up to 2 years. The harvesting of plant leaves should be carried out, keeping in mind the danger of its habitat to life and health!

Useful properties of the three-leaf watch

Flavonoids (hyperoside), bitter glycosides (loganin, sveroside, meniantin, foliamentin, meliatin), vitamin C, rutin, tannins, the alkaloid gentianine, fatty oil, essential oil, carotene, iodine and other substances were found in the leaves of the plant. In the underground parts - saponins, pectin and tannins, resins, traces of alkaloids, inulin, betulinic acid, etc. In the grass - choline, resin acids, iodine.

Application

In medicine:
Watch leaves are widely used in folk and official medicine as a bitterness to improve appetite, stimulate the production of gastric juice, improve the functioning of the digestive organs and appetite. It has a choleretic, laxative, anti-inflammatory, anti-sclerotic, anthelmintic, anti-scorbutic, antiseptic, diuretic, anticonvulsant, tonic, analgesic, wound-healing, antipyretic and sedative effect. In addition, the shift has a beneficial effect on the entire body.

Used for achylia, gastritis with reduced acidity of gastric juice, intestinal colic, heart rhythm disturbances due to thyrotoxicosis and menopausal disorders, diseases of the liver and gallbladder (chronic cholecystitis, cholangitis, cholelithiasis, jaundice), pulmonary tuberculosis, malaria, anemia, cough, cold, anorexia caused by functional disorders, flatulence, headaches and rheumatism.

In addition, the shift improves metabolism well, which promotes weight loss if you are overweight. Vakhta is used as an antiemetic and digestion-improving agent for early toxicosis of pregnancy.

Externally used for trophic ulcers, for rinsing the mouth and throat - for catarrhal tonsillitis, periodontal disease, gingivitis, stomatitis. A decoction of the leaves is used to wash poorly healing wounds and acne. Baths from the decoction are prescribed for scrofula, lichen and other skin diseases.

In other areas:
Watch leaves are used in the production of liqueurs and beer. Trifoli leaves are used to make green fabric dye. Trifol is a honey plant.

In veterinary medicine, the plant is used as an antiseptic for washing wounds and ulcers; internally – as an anthelmintic.

Traditional medicine recipes with three-leaf watch

• An infusion of the leaves of the watchwort trifolium to improve appetite, for colds, coughs, shortness of breath, bronchial asthma: 1 tables. lie crushed dry watch leaves pour 1 cup. boiling water Leave for 1 hour, strain. Take 1/3 tbsp. 3–4 r. in a day.
• Infusion of watch leaves for pulmonary tuberculosis and other pulmonary diseases. To 1 tbsp. lie crushed watch leaves pour 1/2 tbsp. boiling water, leave for 1 hour, use 1 tbsp. lie three times a day.
• Infusion of leaves of the watch trifoliate (external). Steam 1 glass. boiling water 2 tables. l. watch leaves (crushed), leave for 40 minutes, strain. Use for catarrhal sore throat, stomatitis, gingivitis for rinsing the mouth and throat; for trophic ulcers, long-term non-healing wounds, skin diseases - for lotions and washing the affected areas of the skin. For chronic constipation, this infusion is used at night for enemas of 60 ml, diluted with boiled water in 2 r.
• An infusion of the leaves of the trifoliate leaves for decreased appetite, sluggish digestion, diseases of the gallbladder, liver, low acidity of gastric juice, pulmonary tuberculosis, hypovitaminosis, chronic constipation. 1 tsp. (5 g.) Infuse crushed watch leaves in 1 tbsp. boiling water for 30 minutes, drain. Take 4 r. per day 1/4 tbsp. before meals.
• Infusion of leaves of watchwort trifolium (cold method): Infuse 1.5 teaspoons of watch leaves into 2 glasses. boiled cold water for 8 hours, drain. Take min. 30 before meals, 1/2 tbsp. 2–4 r. per day as a gastric and choleretic agent.
• A decoction of the leaves of the three-leaf plant. Brew 200 ml. boiling water 1 table. l. leaves (10 g), heat in a steam bath for 15 minutes, leave for 45 minutes, filter, squeeze, bring to 200 ml. boiled water. Drink 3 r. per day 1/2–1/3 tbsp. min. 30 before meals as a bitterness to improve appetite, digestion, and with low acidity of gastric juice. Can be used as an external antiseptic for washing wounds and old ulcers and for baths for skin diseases, scrofula.
• Trifoli leaf tincture(Vachta trifolia) to stimulate appetite, enhance the functions of the digestive glands, for gastritis with low acidity, as a choleretic agent: 40 g. pour 200 ml of chopped leaves. vodka or 40º alcohol. Leave for 20 days, strain. Take 3 times with water. per day 10–15 drops.
• Tincture of watch trifoliate leaves for malaria. 100 gr. 1 liter of fresh leaves is poured. vodka (1:10), infuse for 14 days. Filtered. Take 100 ml. tinctures during an attack of fever due to malaria and are well covered in bed. Traditional healers believe that after 3 doses of the medicine, attacks go away.
• Tincture of watch leaves with vodka for rheumatism and joint pain. Recipe: 2 tbsp. spoons of dried watch leaves for 2 glasses of vodka. Leave for two weeks, be sure to strain and pour into a clean container. Take 5 drops four times a day. in a day. This tincture can also be used for rubbing for pain in the back, knees, and chest.
• Collection with three-leaf watch for nervous excitement, irritability. Take a leaf of three-leaf watch - 40 g; root – 30 g; peppermint leaf – 30 gr. For 2 tables. lie collection is poured into 200 ml. boiling water, leave for 1 hour. Filter. Take 1/2 tbsp. 2–3 r. in a day.
• Collection with three-leaf watch for gastritis with low acidity. Take 2 tablespoons of trifoliate leaf, mint leaf, herb, centaury herb and fennel fruit. Grind and mix well. For 2 tables. lie collection is poured into 300 ml. water, boil for min. 30 in a steam bath, cool for 1 hour, strain. Take 1/2 tbsp half an hour before meals. 3 r. in a day.
• Collection with trefoil watch for cholecystitis. Take 2 tbsp. l. three-leaved watch leaf, herbs, roots, chamomile flowers. Grind and mix. For 2 tables. lie collection is poured into 500 ml. boiling water, boil for 15 minutes. over low heat, leave for 2 hours and drink 1/2 cup. 3 r. per day min. 20–30 before meals.
• Collection with three-leaf watch to improve appetite and digestion (alcohol tincture). Three-leaf watch, sheet – 6 tsp; centaury, grass – 6 tsp; , root – 3 tsp; wormwood, grass – 3 tsp; tangerine, finely chopped peel - 1.5 teaspoons. l. 1 tables. lie collection pour 300 ml. 40% alcohol. Leave for 14 days. Take 2-3 r. per day 20 drops.
• Collection with trefoil watch for coronary heart disease (alcohol tincture). Take 50 grams. three-leaved watch leaf and grass. Grind thoroughly and mix, pour in 1 liter. vodka, infuse for 3 weeks. in a dark place, shaking from time to time, filter, squeeze out the residue. Take 10 drops with water, 3 r. per day min. 20 before meals.
• Watch leaf powder to improve digestion. Take 1 g of powder with water, twice a day for min. 30 before meals.

Contraindications

The watch is contraindicated for patients with hypersensitivity to iodine, with individual hypersensitivity, and for patients with high acidity of gastric juice.

Vacht drugs do not cause side effects in therapeutic doses. However, before using them, as before using other medications, you should consult a doctor. The use of medicines from the three-leaf plant during pregnancy is possible only on the recommendation and under the supervision of a doctor.

Three-leaf trefoil (Menyanthes trifoliata) is a herb from the Watch family, other names are water trefoil or trifolium.

Among the people, the plant also has the following names: female toadgrass, beangrass, fever grass, river lapushnik, consumptive grass, three-legged grass.

Vahta trifolia is a perennial marsh herbaceous plant 15–35 cm tall with a long, creeping, thick, knotty, internally spongy rhizome, penetrated by air-bearing cavities. Rare adventitious roots extend from the rhizome on the lower side, its upper part is slightly raised.

The stem is segmented, creeping, branching. The leaves are compound, alternate, basal, trifoliate, large (17–30 cm long), on long stem-encompassing petioles, with sessile, obovate, entire, glabrous leaflets 3-5 cm wide and 5-8 cm long.

The flowers are bisexual, star-shaped, regular, white or pale pink, emerging from the axils of small bracts, collected in an oblong, thick, apical, erect raceme 3–7 cm long on a long leafless flower stalk. The calyx remaining with the fruit is 2-3 mm long, with 5 obtuse fused lobes.

The fruit is a single-locular, round-ovoid multi-seeded capsule, pointed at the top, 7–8 mm. long, opens with two doors. The seeds are smooth, elliptical, yellowish or brownish, shiny, small. Vakhta blooms in May–June, its fruits ripen in July–August. Vakhta propagates vegetatively, by seeds and rhizomes.

It grows in the temperate climate of the Northern Hemisphere in Asia, Europe and America, including in the forests of the European part of Russia, as well as the Far East and Siberia, in the swampy forest areas of Belarus and Ukraine.

It is found in damp places, peat bogs and mineral soils, swamps, along the banks of lakes, ponds, rivers, in forests and forest-steppe areas, in swampy meadows, and in standing water. Prefers acidic soils. It can form large thickets, growing in a community with horsetails, sedges, whitefly, cinquefoil.

Collection and preparation of medicinal raw materials during the shift

Medicinal use is mainly found in the leaves of the trifoliate plant. Harvesting should be done after the flowering plant has finished blooming, usually in July-August. Only fully developed leaves should be harvested, cutting them off with the remainder of the petiole up to 3 cm long. The apical and young leaves are not harvested, since they turn black when dried.

You cannot pull out the plant along with its rhizome, as this can lead to the destruction of its thickets. Repeated procurement of raw materials in the same place is carried out no more often than once every 2-3 years.

Leaves should only be dried in the shade, otherwise they may turn black. Well-ventilated rooms or special dryers (with temperatures up to 50C) are also suitable for drying. During drying, the raw material should be turned over periodically, especially while it is still completely raw. A sign of complete dryness is slight fragility of the petioles when bent. If they just bend, then drying needs to be continued.

The shelf life of raw materials is up to 2 years.

On an industrial scale, three-leaf watch is prepared in Belarus, Ukraine, and Western Siberia.

Biochemical composition of the three-leaf watch

The main biologically active compounds of the plant are bitters, which belong to the group of so-called purely bitter substances.

By irritating the taste buds of the mucous membranes of the mouth and tongue, they reflexively cause increased secretion of gastric juice, increased appetite, and improved digestion.

The leaves of the plant contain many useful substances, among which the following should be highlighted:

• glycosides meniantin and meliatin, as well as flavone glycosides (hyperoside, rutin);
• alkaloid gentianine;
• tannins;
• choline;
• fatty oil containing oleanolic, palmitic, lenolic and other fatty acids;
• iodine and other trace elements.

The alkaloids and bitterness contained in the plant not only stimulate the secretion of bile, enhance the secretion of the glands of the gastrointestinal tract, but also have a laxative and anti-inflammatory effect.

Medicinal properties and use of three-leaf watch

Watch leaves are widely used in folk and official medicine as a bitterness to improve appetite, stimulate the production of gastric juice, improve the functioning of the digestive organs and appetite.

Water trefoil has a choleretic, laxative, anti-inflammatory, antisclerotic, anthelmintic, antiscorbutic, antiseptic, diuretic, anticonvulsant, tonic, analgesic, wound-healing, antipyretic and sedative effect.

In addition, the shift has a beneficial effect on the entire body.

Wachta trifolia is included in appetizing, laxative, choleretic, diuretic and sedative preparations, as well as Bittner's balm.

The leaves of the watch, due to their significant iodine content, are used for menopausal and thyrotoxicosis disorders, as an anti-sclerotic agent, against the background of atherosclerosis and heart rhythm disturbances.

The beneficial properties of the watch are used for malaria, hemorrhoidal bleeding, pulmonary tuberculosis, and cough.

In dermatology, a decoction of watch is used to wash difficult-to-heal wounds, ulcers, fistulas and for baths for rashes and skin diseases.

Vakhta is also used in the food industry and is a good honey plant.

Methods of application and recipes of traditional medicine

In folk practice, the three-leaf plant is used mainly in the form of infusions, tinctures, decoctions, in the form of dry powder from crushed leaves, and in collections with other medicinal plants.

Infusion: prescribed for decreased appetite, low acidity of gastric juice, sluggish digestion, liver and gall bladder diseases, pulmonary tuberculosis, hypovitaminosis, worms, chronic constipation, and externally for washing non-healing wounds, ulcers, skin diseases, inflammation of the mucous membranes and many other diseases .

1. Infuse 5 g of watch leaves in 1 glass of boiling water, strain. Take 1/2 cup before meals 4 times a day.
2. Infuse 1/2 teaspoon of leaves for 8 hours in 2 glasses of cold water. Take 1/2 cup 30 minutes before meals 2-4 times a day.
3. 1 tablespoon of dry crushed leaves per glass of boiling water. Leave for 1 hour, strain. Take 1/3 cup 3-4 times a day to stimulate appetite, for colds, coughs, shortness of breath, and bronchial asthma.

Decoction: It is used for the same indications and in the same proportions as the infusion. As an external antiseptic, a decoction of the leaves of the watch is used for washing old ulcers and wounds and for baths for various skin lesions and scrofula.

Watch leaf powder to improve digestion: take 1 g with water, twice a day for min. 30 before meals. If desired, the powder is used in food as a spice, similar to pepper, sprinkled on food for medicinal purposes (up to 2 g/day).

Fresh or dry soaked leaves of the plant have wound-healing properties. Baths with a decoction of the leaves are taken for various skin diseases.

Alcohol tincture of watch

Fees for various diseases

1. Collection with three-leaf watch for nervous excitement, irritability. Take a leaf of three-leaf watch - 40 g; valerian root – 30 gr.; peppermint leaf – 30 gr. For 2 tables. lie collection is poured into 200 ml. boiling water, leave for 1 hour. Filter. Take 1/2 tbsp. 2–3 r. in a day.
2. Collection with three-leaf watch for gastritis with low acidity. Take 2 tablespoons of trifoliate leaf, mint leaf, yarrow herb, centaury herb and fennel fruit. Grind and mix well. For 2 tables. lie collection is poured into 300 ml. water, boil for min. 30 in a steam bath, cool for 1 hour, strain. Take 1/2 tbsp half an hour before meals. 3 r. in a day.
3. Collection with trefoil watch for cholecystitis. Take 2 tbsp. l. three-leaf watch leaf, St. John's wort herb, dandelion roots, chamomile flowers. Grind and mix. For 2 tables. lie collection is poured into 500 ml. boiling water, boil for 15 minutes. over low heat, leave for 2 hours and drink 1/2 cup. 3 r. per day min. 20–30 before meals.
4. Collection with three-leaf watch to improve appetite and digestion (alcohol tincture). Three-leaf watch, sheet – 6 tsp; centaury, grass – 6 tsp; calamus, root - 3 tsp; wormwood, grass – 3 tsp; tangerine, finely chopped peel - 1.5 teaspoons. l. 1 tables. lie collection pour 300 ml. 40% alcohol. Leave for 14 days. Take 2-3 r. per day 20 drops.
5. Collection with trefoil watch for coronary heart disease (alcohol tincture). Take 50 grams. watch leaf and adonis grass. Grind thoroughly and mix, pour in 1 liter. vodka, infuse for 3 weeks. in a dark place, shaking from time to time, filter, squeeze out the residue. Take 10 drops with water, 3 r. per day min. 20 before meals.

Contraindications to the use of watches

No special contraindications have been identified for the plant, however, it is worth considering that the bitterness contained in the watchwort contributes to increased secretion of gastric juice, so preparations from the watchwort trefoil should not be used in case of hyperacid gastritis, lactation, hypersensitivity to iodine, or individual intolerance. Before starting treatment with watch, consult your doctor.

Folium menyanthidis. Synonyms: three-leaf watch leaf, trifoli leaf. Trifol (Menyanthes trifoliata L.) is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Gentian family. Properties. The leaves contain the bitter glycoside meniantin, tannins, essential oil... Domestic veterinary drugs

LEAVES OF WATCH TRIFOLIATE- (Folia Menyanthidis trifoliata). Synonyms: Water trefoil leaf, Trifoli leaf (Folium Trifolii fibrini). Collected after flowering and dried leaves of a wild perennial herbaceous plant, Menuanthes trifoliata ...

Folia Menyanthidis trifoliata- LEAVES OF THE THREE-LEAFED WATCH (Folia Menyanthidis trifoliata). Synonyms: Water trefoil leaf, Trifoli leaf (Folium Trifolii fibrini). Collected after flowering and dried leaves of the wild perennial herbaceous plant watch... ... Dictionary of medicines

Medicinal plants- I Medicinal plants are a source of medicinal raw materials. Dried, less often freshly collected parts (leaves, grass, flowers, fruits, seeds, bark, rhizomes, roots) of medicinal plants are used as medicinal raw materials.… … Medical encyclopedia

Medicinal plants- Swamp calamus. Swamp calamus. Medicinal plants are a source of medicinal raw materials. Dried, less often freshly collected parts (leaves, grass, flowers, fruits, seeds, bark, rhizomes, roots) are used as medicinal raw materials... First aid - popular encyclopedia

RHIZOMES WITH VALERIAN ROOTS- (Rhizomata cum radicibus Valerianaе). Valerian root. Collected in autumn or early spring, peeled, washed and dried rhizomes and roots of the cultivated and wild perennial herbaceous plant Valerian officinalis... ... Dictionary of medicines

Rhizomata cum radicibus Valerianae- RHIZOMES WITH VALERIAN ROOTS (Rhizomata cum radicibus Valerianaе). Valerian root. Collected in autumn or early spring, peeled, washed and dried rhizomes and roots of cultivated and wild perennial herbaceous plants... ... Dictionary of medicines

Rhizomes with valerian roots- (Rhizomata cum radicibus Valerianae) sedative. Contents 1 General information 2 Valerian extract 3 Soothing collection ... Wikipedia

Air- (calamus root) – Acorus calamus L. Araceae family. A perennial herbaceous plant with a thick rhizome, up to 3 cm in diameter, creeping, branched, somewhat flattened, with numerous thin, cord-like roots. The outside of the rhizome is brown... Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants

← + Ctrl + →

Water trefoil leaf - folium menyanthfds

Raw materials are included in the collections; herbal preparations are prepared in factories.

Medicinal raw materials (Fig. 39). The leaves are compound, trifoliate, glabrous, thin, fragile after drying, with remnants of petioles up to 3 cm long: Leaf lobes are elliptical, obtuse, entire,

slightly wavy along the edge. The length of individual lobes is 5-8 cm, width 3-5 cm. On the underside of the leaf blade, the midrib is clearly visible, which widens towards the base of the leaf. The color is green, there is no smell, the taste is very bitter.

Broken, partially crushed and separated leaves from the common petiole are often found in raw materials. But the leaves of the water trefoil are easily recognized by the remainder of the petiole, which is divided at the top into 3 short branches.

Weight loss during drying is no more than 14%. Browned, yellowed and blackened leaves no more than 3%,

Chemical composition. Bitter and tannins, flavonoid glycosides, traces of alkaloids, iodine. Medicines. Thick extract, natural raw materials, aqueous infusion, complex bitters; fees: appetizing, choleretic, sedative.

Application. Like bitterness, which stimulates appetite and improves digestion; for diseases of the liver and biliary tract.

Storage. In a dry place. In pharmacies - in boxes, in warehouses - in bales, bags. The shelf life of raw materials is 2 years.

The accumulation of glycosides depends on environmental factors (light, soil, climatic conditions, geographical factors, etc.). During the development of the plant, their content and composition change greatly. When preparing raw materials, rational collection times are observed and the phase of plant development is taken into account.

Living plants contain unstable primary (native) glycosides. The collected raw materials are dried immediately to avoid the action of enzymes that decompose glycosides.

Classification. Based on the structure of the lactone ring, glycosides with cardiotonic action are divided into two groups: 1) glycosides with a five-membered ring and one double bond, called cardenolides—glycosides of digitalis, lily of the valley, and strophanthus; 2) glycosides with a six-membered ring and two double bonds, called bufadienolides - hellebore glycosides.

"Cardiac glycosides" differ from each other by functional groups in the steroid cycle. All aglycones have hydroxyl groups at positions C3 and C14, and a methyl group at position C13. Sugars are added through the C3 hydroxyl group. At position C10, different glycosides have different groups, most often methyl (digitalis type) or aldehyde (strophanthus type).

The sugar component is different for different glycosides. In addition to glucose and rhamnose, there are specific sugars depleted in oxygen (the so-called deoxysugars), for example, cymarose, digitoxose, etc. In some glycosides, the sugar component consists of one sugar, such glycosides are called monosides; glycosides that have a sugar component with two sugars are called biosides, etc. Typically, “cardiac glycosides” contain several sugars, which are separated gradually (stepwise) when the glycoside is broken down. Deoxysugars are attached directly to the steroid cycle. Plants with cardiotonic effects differ from each other in their chemical composition and pharmacological action, due to the difference in individual functional groups and sugars.

Qualitative reactions. The presence of glycosides in plants is determined by the Ballier reaction. This reaction with sodium picrate is given by all cardiac glycosides containing a five-membered unsaturated lactone ring (a six-membered lactone ring and a saturated five-membered ring do not give a reaction). In the field, they use picrate paper, in which they wrap a fresh plant and then press it with pliers: the appearance of a red color on the paper indicates the presence of glycosides with cardiotonic action.

Due to the fact that glycosides easily decompose, the quality of medicinal raw materials is determined by the method of biological standardization.

Standardization. The activity of “cardiac glycosides” is assessed by comparing the test raw material or preparation containing glycosides with a standard preparation and is expressed in units of action (AU) per 1 g of raw material. Tests are often carried out on frogs, less often on rabbits, white mice, cats, and pigeons. Set the lowest doses of the test sample and the standard drug. The unit of action is the smallest dose of the drug that causes cardiac arrest in the frog during systole for an hour. Male grass, pond and lake frogs weighing 25-40 g are suitable for the experiment. If there are no male frogs, then females are used if they do not have eggs.

Standard preparations for testing raw materials and preparations of foxglove and lily of the valley are specially prepared extracts from the named plants, purified from ballast substances and containing the amount of glycosides; When testing other medicinal plants, individual crystalline glycosides are used. For example, crystalline cymarin (standard) is taken when testing Adonis vernal preparations; crystalline celanide (standard) - when testing preparations of foxglove woolly.

Standards are produced and issued by specialized research organizations. In accordance with GPC, a certain concentration of action units is required in each medicinal raw material and cardiotonic drug. For example, when tested on frogs, 1 g of foxglove leaves should contain at least 50-66 ICE, lily of the valley herb should contain 120 ICE, and lily of the valley flowers should contain 200 ICE. When testing cardiotonic drugs on cats or pigeons, activity is expressed in cat and pigeon action units: KED and GED. Glycosides act on the heart 5-6 times stronger than their aglycones. To stop the hydrolysis of the glycoside, the raw material must be dried quickly at a temperature of 55-60°C.

Application. Cardiotonic glycosides have a selective effect on the heart muscle. In medicine, various galenic and new galenic preparations from raw materials and pure glycosides are used.

Storage. Raw materials are stored in a dry, well-ventilated area, according to list B, except for strophanthus (list A).

Raw material base. Medicinal plants of this group grow both in the wild (spring adonis, May lily of the valley) and are cultivated on Soyuzlekarsprom state farms (foxgloves, spreading jaundice). The need for raw materials of Adonis spring grass is large, but the raw material base is insignificant. It is harvested in old explored areas. Since the cultivation of this plant has not yet been successful, a search is underway for other species of Adonis in new areas. The most promising species: Adonis Turkestan, forming large thickets in the mountain meadows of Central Asia (approved for use); golden adonis, found in the meadows of the Tien Shan (recommended as a raw material for the production of K-strophanthin); Adonis Amur and Adonis Siberian, widespread in Western and Eastern Siberia and the western Urals. In addition, the state farms of Soyuz-Lekarsprom cultivate annual Adonis, which grows wild in the south of Ukraine, in the grass of which strophanthin glycosides have been found.

Medicinal raw materials. Foxglove purple (Fig. 40). Leaves are oblong-ovate or broadly lanceolate, 10 to 30 cm long and up to 11 cm wide; the basal leaves have a winged petiole, the leaf margin is crenate, and the venation is reticulate. The leaves are brittle, wrinkled, dark green above, grayish below due to the abundance of hairs. The smell is peculiar, unpleasant, and appears when hot water is poured over the plant. The quality of raw materials is regulated by the content of biologically active substances. 1 g of sheet should contain 50-66 ICE or 10.3-12.6 KED. Weight loss during drying is no more than 12%.

Foxglove leaves differ from each other in shape, edges and veining. In the absence of foxglove purpurea, the leaves of foxglove grandiflora are used.

Digitalis grandiflora (Fig. 42, A). The leaves are lanceolate, pointed towards the apex and tapering into a short winged petiole, the edge of the leaf is unevenly serrated. Second-order veins extend from the main vein at an acute angle. The venation is clearly visible from the underside. Young leaves are slightly pubescent on both sides; in older leaves, hairs are found only along the edge of the leaf and along large veins. The length of the leaves is 10-30 cm, width 2-6 cm. The color of the leaf is green, the smell is weak, intensifying when soaked.

Chemical composition. The leaves of foxglove purple and grandiflora contain primary glycosides - lurpureaglycoside A and B. But during the drying and storage of raw materials, under the influence of enzymes, they split off a glucose molecule and turn into secondary glycosides, which are the active ingredients of digitalis preparations. Purpureaglycoside A is converted into the secondary glycoside digitoxin, and purpureaglycoside B is converted into the secondary glycoside gitoxin. In addition to them, the leaves also contain other less active glycosides, saponins with a steroid structure, the main one of which is digitonin, which promotes the activity of cardiotonic glycosides.

Medicines. Cordigit (dry preparation in tablets of 0.0008 g), suppositories (suppositories), pure glycosides: a) digitoxin (tablets of 0.0001 g); b) gitoxin (in tablets of 0.0002).

Application. Cardiotonic drug. It is used for chronic heart failure. Raw materials and preparations of digitalis have a cumulative effect (the ability to accumulate in the body and be slowly eliminated), so they are re-dispensed from pharmacies only with a prescription signed by a doctor.

Storage. Isolated glycosides are stored according to list A, other drugs and raw materials - according to list B. In the warehouse, whole raw materials are stored in a dry room, protected from light. Dense packaging promotes better preservation of active ingredients. The shelf life of raw materials is one year. Leaf activity is monitored annually.

← + Ctrl + →
Dandelion root - radix taraxaciRusty foxglove leaf - folium digitalis ferriiglneae