Strawberries have red spots on the leaves. Description of strawberry diseases

A disease that occurs not because of, but as a result of fungal infection. It appears in the form of dark spots on flowers, petioles, tendrils and the berries themselves. But the most susceptible are still green sprouts and leaves. Having noticed the first signs of this, the gardener must intervene as soon as possible in order to be able to save the delicious sweet berry.

Brown spot: a brief description of the disease

The causative agent of this disease is the fungus Marssonina petontillae. Brown spot is considered one of the main diseases of strawberries and usually manifests itself during the fruiting period. It is then that a summer resident may notice brown strawberries in his garden.

From August to October, disease activity is at its peak. It capable of attacking 60% or more of the deciduous mass, with most of the foliage area dying off. As a result, the plant is deprived of the opportunity to feed on oxygen, and photosynthesis processes collapse.

High humidity activates the development of this fungal disease. Reproduction of brown spot can begin at any air temperature above zero. In severe frosts, the fungus does not die, but remains dormant. In this regard, next season the yield may decrease significantly.

First signs

The main symptom of the disease is the presence spots on the surface of strawberry leaves. The spots are dark purple in color, which may later change shade, becoming brown or red.

This can be difficult for beginning gardeners, since other, similar red berry diseases have the same symptoms. Therefore, you should pay attention to the presence of white dots in the center of dark spots. With brown spot there are no such points. If the spots begin to increase in size, the next stage will be drying of the foliage and subsequent death.

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Not only brown leaves, but also gradual spread of spotting to all organs and tissues of the bush: stalks, berries, stems, sepals. Slowing or stopping growth, drying of the stalks, small, dark-colored fruits - all these are clear symptoms of the progression of brown spot.

Difficulties may arise for those gardeners who, for some reason, did not have the opportunity to observe strawberries at the initial stage of the disease.

The fact is that at a later stage, the appearance of “recovery” of the bushes appears: old, diseased leaves begin to grow, and the fact that the size is not what it should be is perceived as a normal lack of nutrition.

And, most importantly, the fungal pads disappear. In such cases, you need to be prepared for the fact that after some time brown spotting may begin to progress with renewed vigor on young green shoots that have just appeared.

Causes

The reasons for the formation of fungus can be attributed to several factors. One of them - dampness. The fact is that fungal spores develop very well and grow in a humid environment, in water. The spores that live on the site can also transfer spores. Other reasons are thickening and plant debris.

How to protect strawberries from brown disease

As soon as the first signs of brown spot appear in strawberries, it is urgent to treat the plant.

Transfer

The first step is complete destruction of all diseased bushes. You should not feel sorry for them, because if at least one diseased plant remains, the fungus will again spread throughout the area to all healthy bushes. After this, you need to sanitize the beds and add fertilizers. in this case they should be avoided, since they can only increase the leaf mass. It is also necessary to try to eliminate dampness on.

Treatment with drugs

As for the treatment of strawberries with drugs, copper oxychloride and (1%) are recommended for use. The plant should be treated with these products at the stage of leaf growth, before the berries bloom and after the fruits are harvested.

If the defeat is not isolated, but massive, you can use, such as, or.

Disease prevention

As you know, it is easier to prevent a disease than to treat it. Therefore, in the cultivation of strawberries, disease prevention:

• To avoid the occurrence of brown spot, you need to regularly clean the beds of dry leaves and leaves, which are the main sources of this disease.
• You also need to remember about transplanting strawberries, because the fungus tends to remain in the soil for a long time and infect new plants that will be planted there.
• Planting material must be healthy and of high quality, regardless of whether it is grown independently or purchased in a store.
• Today there are ones on the market that are resistant to brown spot. It is recommended to choose them for planting.

Strawberries are a popular “resident” of cottages and garden plots. Many owners grow their first summer berries in the hope of a tasty and aromatic harvest. However, many difficulties await gardeners in this matter. Among them is the fungal disease brown spot. It develops in the fruiting phase, and the first signs are detected during flowering. The disease is treatable: both with drugs and traditional methods. The best remedy is prevention.

Brown spot: signs and consequences of the disease

This strawberry disease is one of the most common in strawberry beds. The reason for its appearance is the Marsonina mushroom. A characteristic feature of this pathogen is its two-season nature:

• in the first year it develops during fruiting and is stored for the winter;
• Secondary infection occurs a year later, in late spring, when the plant has flowered and is forming a fruit bud.

Infestation directly affects yield. Almost all of the infected green mass dies: the leaves wither, and without them the bush cannot feed normally, produce photosynthesis, receive oxygen and grow.

The reason for the appearance of brown spot is often a violation of the rules of agricultural technology

Brown spot develops from mid-spring to mid-summer. A clear sign of this disease is “burns” on the leaves. These are brown-brown, contourless spots. Shape: round or oval. At the initial stages of infection, they resemble small scorches along the edges of the leaf, and only then do these spots grow, and dark leathery pads - mycelium - appear on top in their place. The flower stalks and strawberry tendrils also develop brownish purple patches.

Causes and features of the development of the disease

The disease develops in strawberry beds due to the same factors as other fungal diseases:

• excessive planting density;
• dampness as a catalyst for spore growth;
• temporary cold snap;
• excessive watering;
• weeds and plant debris as a habitat for insects that carry fungal spores.

Another strawberry disease, septoria, is similar to brown spot. The spots in this case, although brown, are slightly lighter, with a clearly red tint. The external development of the fungal disease also occurs differently: the affected leaf becomes lighter, and only its edge remains red-brown.

Attention! At a late stage, the fungus creates the effect of “recovery” of the strawberry bush. The mycelium disappears, the old leaves, which previously slowed down their development, suddenly grow (and then, as expected, fall off). The owners may mistake the small size of the plant for lack of nutrition. But the insidiousness of the disease lies in the fact that as soon as strawberries put out young shoots at the end of summer, brown spot returns with renewed vigor.

Treatment with drugs and folk remedies

Since the causative agent of the disease is a fungus, then it must be combated using appropriate methods. The main task of the gardener is to prevent the disease, eliminate or minimize the influence on the plant of negative factors under which the fungus develops:

Manifestation of brown spot

1. Do not let the bushes grow too much, thin out the planting.
2. Regularly clear the area of ​​weeds and crops that clog the strawberry beds.
3. Keep the area clean. Remove dead plants and fallen leaves year-round.
4. Cut off and destroy bushes with signs of fungal diseases.
5. Excessive fertilization with nitrogen-containing mixtures also promotes the growth of greenery and reduces the crop's resistance to disease.
6. Plant nutrition must contain potassium, an element that promotes resistance to pathogens.
7. Water the plant strictly according to the recommendations that exist for specific varieties of strawberries.
8. Control the humidity in the plantation by avoiding dampness. For beds covered with film, additional treatment with rapidly disintegrating biofungicides and the application of potassium phosphate fertilizer will be required.

The preventive effect of the drugs consists of spring treatment of the beds with Fitosporin. It is safe for human health, so spraying can be carried out even when the berries on the bushes are already ripe. If signs of the disease are evident, treat the bushes with a 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture or copper oxychloride. This must be done on both sides of the sheet. In case of mass infection, drugs from the Ridomil series, as well as Horus, Oxychom and Skor, will help.

Attention! Remember that treatment with chemicals cannot be carried out from the moment the ovary forms until the fruiting phase.

Among folk remedies, the following recipe has positive recommendations: dilute 5 g of potassium permanganate in 10 liters of water. Add 2 tbsp to the mixture. l. soda, 1 bottle of iodine and 20 g of soap. This spraying product is suitable at any time during the growing season because it does not harm human health.

Fighting strawberry spot: video

Good day everyone!

Today is an article about strawberry diseases with photographs, detailed descriptions and methods of treating and helping the berries.

Currently, many varieties of strawberries have been bred in the world. Some ripen early, others contain a lot of sugar, and others can withstand long-term transportation. In the same way, they treat diseases differently. Some are resistant to gray mold and vulnerable to powdery mildew, while others are not damaged by blight but are vulnerable to fusarium wilt.

Each disease exists in certain climate and soil conditions, which means that when a gardener decides to plant one or another variety, one must take into account the susceptibility of this variety to diseases and the likelihood of their occurrence in specific conditions. Preventive measures and recognition of symptoms in the early stages allows you to cope with plant ailments more successfully. And now more about

Strawberry diseases with photos and descriptions

The most common strawberry diseases:

• white rot
• gray rot
• black rot
• root rot
• powdery mildew
• fusarium wilt
• white spot
• brown spot
• anthracnose or black spot
• late blight rot of strawberries

White rot

If there is a lack of heat and excess rain in summer, then strawberry bushes can be affected by a disease such as white rot. Its appearance is indicated by the lightening of leaves, which subsequently rot. A white coating appears on the leaves and the berries rot.

The spread of the disease is facilitated by dense plantings and weeds in the area.

The spread of this infection can be curbed if you use healthy seedlings for planting, observe the recommended distances when planting, and remove weeds.

Treatment

Drugs that inhibit the spread of rot - Horus or Sweetich - help fight an outbreak of white rot.

Most often, strawberry plantings are affected by gray rot. Its appearance is favored by warm and humid weather. In dense plantings with poor ventilation, where berries are grown for a long time, up to 60% of the crop is damaged.

A strawberry plantation is affected by gray rot if:

• brown spots with a gray coating are noticeable on the berries;
• over time, diseased berries dry out;
• Gray or brown spots appear on the leaves.

There are several sources of infection - weeds, unharvested leaves and infected berries.

Prevention:

1. Keep the soil free of weeds
2. Sprinkle the soil with ash or lime
3. Shortly before flowering, it is useful to treat the plantings with Bordeaux mixture or the Barrier preparation.
4. After harvesting, all leaves must be removed from the plantings, but this must be done in such a way that the bushes have time to grow healthy leaves before the onset of frost.
5. It is advisable to alternate rows of strawberry bushes with rows of onions or garlic.
6. Change the place where the crop is grown at least once every three years.
7. Use pine litter or straw as mulch.
8. Remove diseased berries promptly and completely.
9. Harvest the ripe crop quickly and completely.

Varieties with peduncles located above the leaves are less affected by rot.

Varieties resistant to gray rot:

• Leningradskaya Pozdnaya;
• Aliso;
• Marvelous;
• Ruby Pendant;
• Redgauntlit;
• Early Dense;
• Talka;
• VIR Beam;
• Olympus;
• Festival Chamomile;
• Ducat;
• Bravo;
• Fireworks;
• Bohemia.

Highly susceptible to gray rot There are varieties such as:

• Hope;
• Beauty of Zagorje;
• Generous;
• Krasnoselskaya;
• Cinderella;
• Zenga Zengana;
• Relay race

Black root rot

The disease begins with small black spots appearing on young roots, then all young roots turn black. Then the entire plant from the roots to the rosette becomes brown. Constrictions appear on the rhizome and it becomes fragile. Productivity decreases, bushes do not develop. Root rot infection is active throughout the plant's growing season.

Prevention

1. When laying beds and fertilizing plantings, use only well-rotted compost. In unripe compost prepared with the addition of weeds, the infection persists.
2. After the snow melts, the plantings are treated with the drug "Trichodermin"
3. Before leaving the plantation for the winter, it must be sprayed with “Phytodoctor”.
4. Strawberries should not be preceded by potatoes.
5. The place for planting beds should be sunny with well-warmed soil.

Treatment

Root rot disease has no cure. Infected plants are dug up and destroyed. The vacated space is disinfected.

Hot and humid summers provoke the appearance of a strawberry disease called black rot. This disease only affects berries. Affected berries become watery, lose their color, and turn brown. The fruits lack their characteristic strawberry taste and aroma. A coating appears on the berries - first colorless and then black.

Prevention

1. Strawberries grown in high beds are less likely to be affected by black rot.
2. Choose a place for future planting that is well-lit and ventilated.
3. By feeding strawberries with potassium permanganate (2g per bucket of water), we improve the quality of the berries and destroy the infection.
4. Use nitrogen fertilizers, including organic ones, in limited quantities. .

Treatment

There is no treatment as such. The spread of the disease can be prevented by collecting and destroying all infected berries.

The causative agent of powdery mildew, a fungus, damages the leaves, fruits and heart of the bush.

Symptoms of its appearance :

• First, individual spots of light white dust appear on the underside of the sheet;
• Over time, the spots increase in size and merge into one;
• The leaves become wrinkled and thicken;
• The ovaries stop growing, turn brown and dry out.
• A white coating appears on the formed fruits, the berries turn gray and rot.
• Brown spots appear on the whiskers, which also die off.

The spread of the disease is facilitated by high temperature and humidity.

Prevention

1. Plant seedlings maintaining the recommended distances.
2. Avoid excessive soil moisture.
3. The roots of acquired seedlings must be disinfected with copper sulfate immediately before planting.
4. Before flowering and after harvesting, the plantings are treated with Topaz.
5. Strengthen the immunity of plants by fertilizing the leaves with complete mineral fertilizer (a tablespoon per bucket of water).

Treatment

Powdery mildew is a serious and very common disease. It is difficult to fight him, but it is possible. In early spring, immediately after the snow melts, it is necessary to collect and burn old leaves. Bushes that were affected by this fungus in the previous year are treated with a solution of soda ash (50 g dissolved in 10 liters of water) throughout the growing season.

This solution is used before strawberries bloom and after harvesting. During the filling and ripening of berries, unpasteurized whey, which is diluted ten times with water, will help destroy the fungus. To increase effectiveness, add an iodine solution (1 mg per 10 liters of liquid). Spraying is carried out until symptoms disappear every three days in dry weather.

Fusarium wilt

When strawberry plantings are affected by fusarium wilt, the green part of the bush changes its color to brown-brown. There is no ovary on such bushes. The bushes stop developing and die. The spread of infection is facilitated by high air temperatures. The infection reserve remains on weeds.

Prevention

1. You only need to plant healthy seedlings, without the slightest signs of disease.
2. Strawberries should be returned to their original place no earlier than after 4 years. The predecessor of the plantation should not be potatoes.
3. Prevent the growth of weeds.

Treatment

Fusarium wilt can only be treated if it is detected in the early stages of the disease. In this case, “Phytodoctor”, “Trichodermin”, “Chorus” or “Fundazol” can help.

A common disease on strawberry plantings. Small, red-brown dots appear on young leaves. On older leaves there are rounded brown spots bordered by a wide darker stripe. As the disease progresses, the spots join together and spread to the entire leaf. The lighter center discolors and the sheet becomes holey.

The causative agent of this disease is a fungus that develops throughout the warm season. The result of the activity of this fungus is the loss of up to 50% of leaves, which ultimately leads to a decrease in yield and deterioration in the quality of berries. The abundance of moisture in the air and soil accelerates the development of the disease.

You can find out about the appearance of white spotting if:

• Newly appeared spots are almost invisible - up to 3 mm in size. at the very beginning of the development of the disease, these spots are small in size - up to 3 mm and colored brown; over time they become lighter;
• The leaves become covered with spots, light in the middle and dark along the rim
• The spots are concentrated along the central vein of the leaf and along the edge.
• The dried centers of the stains crumble, leaving small holes.
• As the disease develops, the holes unite into a large one and spread to the entire leaf, which dies along with the petiole.

Prevention

1. Maintain the recommended distances between strawberry bushes. Immediately remove excess mustache and weeds, maintaining the necessary air exchange.
2. As early as possible in the spring, remove and destroy not only old leaves, but also old mulch, in which overwintering pests and pathogens are concentrated.
3. Three times a season before flowering, immediately after harvesting and before sheltering for the winter, treat the plantings with a 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture.
4. Do not plant strawberries in areas where the last crop grown was potatoes, tomatoes, eggplants, corn or cucumbers.

Treatment

Bushes with spotted leaves are removed from the site and destroyed. After harvesting, the plantings are fed with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, which increase the immunity of the plants. Nitrogen fertilizers and organic matter must be applied in limited quantities. Healthy bushes are sprayed with systemic fungicides and copper-containing preparations.

Strawberry varieties resistant to white spot:

• Redgauntlit;
• Zenga Zengana;
• Talka;
• Ruby Pendant;
• Maria;
• Marvelous;
• Generous;
• VIR Beam;
• Early Macherauha;
• Early Dense;
• Olympus;
• Anniversary;
• Bravo;
• Bohemia.

Another common and very insidious disease. In humid, warm weather, up to 60% of the leaf blade can be affected. The appearance of brown spot can be seen on bushes from the end of April to the end of July. The outbreak of the disease is facilitated by the presence of weeds, increased air and soil humidity, and the activity of insect pests.

You can find out that strawberry plantings are infected with brown spot by the appearance of brown spots. At the very beginning of the disease, the darkening is located along the edge of the leaf, later the spots merge into one. Soon, black pads with spores appear on the outer surface of the leaf blade. Blurry purple spots appear on the peduncles and tendrils.

The insidiousness of the disease manifests itself at later stages of development. At this time, when the leaves resume their growth, it is difficult to understand the reason for the lag in the growth of the bushes. The cause is found to be a lack of nutrition, there are no signs of the disease on the leaves and it seems that the disease is over. But it only seems so. In August, the disease returns with renewed vigor and affects previously healthy parts of the plant.

Prevention

1. Removing old and diseased leaves early in the spring and, if necessary, after harvest.
2. Keep the soil on the plantation moderately moist; it is permissible to use dry mulching materials, such as peat, sawdust or straw, to isolate the bushes from the wet soil.
3. Timely destroy pests and carriers of infection.

Treatment

Treatment of a plantation should begin with the removal and destruction of all bushes with signs of disease. The remaining bushes are treated with quickly disintegrating fungicides. Phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are applied to increase disease resistance. If necessary, reduce watering and improve lighting if possible. Reduce the use of nitrogen fertilizers, which increase leaf mass and moisture content in leaves. After harvesting, the entire plantation must be treated with Fitosporin.

Strawberry varieties resistant to brown spot:

• Lun VIRA,
• Early Dense,
• Olympus,
• Bravo,
• Maria,
• Ruby Pendant,
• Fireworks,
• Fairfax,
• Cardinal,
• Premier,
• Redcoat,
• Epic,
• Marieva Maheraukh,
• Anniversary Govorova

Anthracnose or black spot

Reason Strawberry black spot is an ascomycete fungus. It affects the entire plant from roots to berries.

The fungus begins its dirty work in rainy but warm weather in spring and early summer. A distinctive feature of this fungus is its great variability and adaptability to chemical means of protection.

The fungus enters the site on infected seedlings, with irrigation water, or is carried by untreated tools or on the wheels of equipment.

Description

The appearance of the disease is indicated by the appearance of reddish-brown spots, which subsequently crack and tear. The diseased leaf remains on the bush and spreads the infection further. The shoots are covered with deep dark ulcers with a light center. Subsequently, the stem dies. On the roots, anthracnose provokes the appearance of root rot. The strawberry bush is drying up. Unripe berries have dark depressed spots. The berry dries out. The fungus overwinters on such mummies. On ripe berries, the spots are small and watery at first and then darken. Such berries are not used for food.

Prevention

From the beginning of the season until the berries form, they are treated twice with a 3% Bordeaux mixture, to which sulfur has been added, or with ready-made preparations such as Tiovit-jet. Plant strawberry seedlings at the recommended distances between neighboring bushes. Apply phosphorus-potassium fertilizers and limited nitrogen fertilizers in a timely manner. Early in the spring, remove and burn last year's dead leaves and fruits.

Treatment of anthracnose

If the disease spreads on the plantings for no more than a week, fungicides such as Ridomil-gold, Metaxil or Quadris can help. At later stages of the disease, use 1% Bordeaux mixture

Late blight rot of strawberries

The most harmful rot. Losses from its activities can reach complete loss of crops.

The whole plant suffers from the disease, but the berries suffer the most. Dark leathery spots first appear on the ovaries. The pulp begins to taste bitter and becomes elastic. Dark purple spots appear on the berries, and the fruits dry out.

The infected stem and leaves dry out.

The development of the disease is provoked by increased soil and air humidity. The infection spreads especially actively during rainy weather or when drip irrigation is used incorrectly.

The infection remains in the soil and on the strawberry bushes. For preventive purposes, generally accepted protective measures - agrotechnical and chemical - are effective.

Effective plant protection

• After harvesting, remove diseased plants, excess tendrils and foliage.
• Feed the plantings in a timely manner and in the right proportions.
• Before covering the plantings for the winter, they are treated with Topaz, Switch, and Euparen.
• Use varieties that are genetically resistant to diseases for planting.
• Different varieties of strawberries are separated by a distance of 2 m.
• The period of growing strawberries in one place is no more than 3 years;
• When planting, it is necessary to maintain the required distances: at least 30 cm between rows and at least 25 cm between plants in a row. This planting will provide the necessary ventilation and lighting.

Video about the treatment and prevention of strawberries from diseases

I am sure that now you can easily recognize strawberry diseases from photos and descriptions and will be able to cure them.

Wishing you beautiful and healthy berries.

Sincerely, Sofya Guseva.

Other useful articles.

Rust on strawberries is expressed in the appearance of orange, brown, yellow-brown spots, which over time grow and merge, covering most of the surface of the leaf. The spots on the leaves are swollen and contain fungal spores. Leaves affected by rust may dry out and fall off.

Rust weakens strawberries: the production of chlorophyll in the leaves and the process of formation of growth buds are disrupted. Bushes affected by rust often freeze out.

Why does rust appear on strawberries?

When strawberries are grown in one place for more than 5 years, the strawberry's yield decreases and the plant becomes susceptible to fungal infections, including rust.

Rust is a frequent guest in neglected and overgrown gardens. Strawberries growing in shady areas become vulnerable to this disease.

On fertile, nitrogen-rich soils, strawberries are often affected by fungal infections, including rust.

Ways to combat rust on strawberry leaves

Like many other strawberry diseases, rust must be treated using agrotechnical methods. Anti-rust chemicals are ineffective.

1. Remove leaves affected by rust. Pruning should be done over a film or cloth to prevent fungal spores from spreading to healthy plants. Infected leaves must be burned.
2. Do not plant plants next to fruit trees. If other plants (apple trees, pears, plums, currants) are affected by rust, it is necessary to carry out complex treatment of the entire garden with fungicides. In order to prevent rust, at the end of April you can treat strawberries with Bordeaux mixture.
3. Avoid excessive growth of strawberries; be sure to remove tendrils and pull out weeds. Rust affects older plants, so do not let your strawberries grow old, constantly renew your plantings. Do not grow strawberries for more than 3-4 years in one place. If infected with rust, be sure to replace all planting material with new one. Never use the tendrils of an infected plant.
4. Rust appears on strawberry leaves during periods of prolonged rain, with high air humidity. To curb the spread of rust, ensure the plant is properly watered. Avoid splashing water as this will spread fungal spores.
5. To avoid rust on the leaves, be careful when applying nitrogen fertilizers. Do not apply fresh manure or bird droppings under the strawberries. It is better to apply rotted manure under the strawberries.

To prevent strawberries from becoming infected with rust, use healthy planting material, choose sunny places for strawberries, and do not allow the plantings to become thick and overgrown with weeds. Regularly rejuvenate strawberry beds, as rust rarely affects young and strong plants.

Towards the end of spring, gardeners are expecting the first strawberry harvest of the new season. But if the bushes are sick or attacked by harmful insects, you won’t be able to enjoy the juicy berries. After all, treating strawberries for various ailments and pests is an important part of care, which should not be forgotten if you want to harvest large harvests. Strawberry diseases and pests, as well as methods for combating them, will be described below in the article.

Description of strawberry diseases

There are many strawberry diseases. Each type of disease has its own symptoms, so it is not difficult to recognize them.

Gray rot and brown spot

• Gray rot It is found very often, especially where the bushes grow densely and the humidity is high. It manifests itself from the moment of flowering and throughout fruiting. Berries with this disease of strawberries are covered with gray spots, they can also be present on the leaves during flowering. There is also a fluffy coating. The disease quickly spreads throughout the area, the affected berries become watery and rot right on the branches.
• Brown spot most often appears on old leaves. Its main symptom is red-brown spots from small to large in size, which grow and darken. Black fungal spores then appear on them. Over time, all affected leaves dry out and die.

Powdery mildew and verticillium wilt

• Powdery mildew appears during periods of high humidity. The bushes are covered with a grayish coating, the leaves curl into a kind of tube. One side of the leaf takes on a pinkish tint. The berries are painful, as if covered with powder or ash.
• Verticillium wilt manifests itself in the form of dark spots on the leaves, which lead to interveinal necrosis. The lower leaves of the bush dry out first, then the upper ones. If the disease spreads underground - to the roots, then dry rot forms there.

You cannot plant young strawberry bushes where strawberries affected by verticillium wilt grew, since the fungus can live, and even develop, in the ground for several years.

• Ramulariasis or white spotting affects peduncles, petioles and leaves of strawberries. On the plant it appears as round spots with a diameter of approximately 2 mm. Initially they are brown, but over time they become white with a red edge.
• Late blight may have a chronic or transient form. In the case of chronic late blight, the plant lags behind in development, the leaves become small, grayish, and quickly dry out. Peduncles become smaller, and tendrils may not appear at all. There are no berries. The bush dies in about 2-3 years. In the transient form, at the beginning of spring, first the flower stalks die, then the leaves fall off, the roots of the plant are exposed and it dies. In the section, the roots of the diseased culture are reddish.

Leaf rust and wrinkling

• Rust appears more often in May, but it is often observed in the fall, when strawberries go “to bed.” On the leaves it appears in the form of yellow-brown spots, slightly convex (can be felt with your hand). All leaves quickly die off, and if the disease is not treated, the entire bush will be at risk.
• Leaf wrinkling is a dangerous but not very common disease of strawberries. Mostly carried by aphids or other pests. The affected leaves become small, a yellow border appears along the edge, the leaf wrinkles between the veins, the veins become lighter and also wrinkle.

Treatment of strawberries with drugs

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Treatment of strawberries with drugs is effective, however, you need to understand that it is not always possible to use specialized substances. So, before processing strawberries in the spring, it’s worth checking to see if any flowers have appeared yet. If blooming strawberries are sprayed with chemicals, the bees that pollinate them may die. Below is a table with fungicides, their purpose and method of use against a particular strawberry disease.

A drug	Type	Strawberry diseases	Dosage	Frequency of treatments
Alirin B	Biofungicide	Gray rot, White and brown spot, Powdery mildew, Leaf rust	2 tablets/liter of water	3-5 times with a break a week
Fitosporin M	Biofungicide	Gray rot, Brown and White spotting	5 g/10 l water	Once after flowering
Maksim	Chemical fungicide class 3	Verticillium wilt	2 ml/liter of water	2-3 times per season
Baktofit	Biofungicide	Verticillium wilt, powdery mildew, late blight	3 g/liter water	3 times with a break a week.
Farmayod	Antiseptic	Leaf wrinkling	3-6 ml/10 l water	2-3 times with a break of 14 days
Glyocladin	Biological product	Late blight, verticillium wilt	50 g/0.5 l water	Once per season
Trichocin	Biofungicide	Late blight	20 g/10 l water	Once per season
Trichodermin	Biological product	Late blight, Gray rot, Powdery mildew	20 g/5 l water	Once during the growing season
Planriz	Biological product	Late blight, powdery mildew	50 mg/10 l water	Every 10-20 days

Traditional methods of treating strawberry diseases

Garlic and mustard powder

Traditional medicines are less dangerous for strawberries, so they are chosen if strawberry diseases are at an early stage.

• Any fungal diseases, and pests too, are afraid of garlic infusion. For 500 g of garlic, take 10 liters of water. Garlic is ground, mixed with water and infused for 3 days. Then it is filtered and, diluted one to one with water, used for spraying.
• Spraying with mustard infusion will help against gray rot. For 100 g of powder, take 10 liters of boiling water. The mixture is infused for 2 days, then diluted in a 1:1 ratio with water and sprayed on the bushes.
• An infusion of rotted hay will help against powdery mildew. Take 3 liters of water per kilogram of hay. The mixture is infused for 5 hours, then filtered and used in the evening 3-5 times per season at weekly intervals.
• Viral and fungal diseases of strawberries will go away if you spray the bushes with an iodine solution - 10 ml/10 l of water once every 10 days starting in May.

Pests are dangerous not only because they can eat the above-ground and underground parts of strawberries, but also because they carry dangerous diseases. It is necessary to fight them at the first signs of their appearance!

Strawberry whitefly and hairy bronzefly

• Strawberry whitefly - something like a micro-butterfly up to 1.5 mm long. Settles on strawberries in families. They live on the back side of the leaf, feeding on its juices, and lay eggs there.
• Bronzovka shaggy attacks the generative organs of the plant. They feed on flowers and young leaves from May to the end of June. The pest is black, matte in color with pronounced down in the head area. Length 12 mm.
• Green peach aphids attack flower stalks and petioles, which begin to weaken and die.

Interesting!

Aphids on strawberries are eaten by the gall midge Aphidimisa. You can buy it in a store and simply move it onto the site. 3 pieces are enough per square area.

• Strawberry leaf beetle – strawberry pests, up to 4 mm long, brown in color. Eating strawberry leaves. The female lays eggs on the lower part of the leaf or on the petioles. The larvae hatch after 14 days and eat as much as the adults. They have a yellow body with spots on the back and a brown head, up to 5 mm long.
• Strawberry nematode is a roundworm up to a millimeter long. Reduces harvest by up to 50%. Settles in leaf axils and buds. Leads to deformation of ovaries, buds, flowers. Reduces bush growth. Can live in the ground for a long time.
• Nettle leaf weevil eats leaves. This is a beetle up to 12 mm in length that overwinters in the ground. Color can range from blue-green to bronze-brown. The females lay their eggs in the soil. Thick, legless, wrinkled larvae emerge from them and eat small roots.

Strawberry, spider mite and slug

• Strawberry mite – transparent, small size up to 0.2 mm. Affected bushes decrease in size and bear little fruit. The leaves turn yellow, curl and die.
• Spider mite - a common problem among gardeners. It can envelop the entire bush with a thin cobweb, which after a while simply dries up. The mites are small, up to 0.5 mm, light-colored.
• Slugs - common pests of strawberries, they live in any regions where strawberries can be grown. They cause significant damage to the fruits, although other parts of the plant also suffer from them.

Pesticide treatment

Depending on the type of pest, methods of controlling it may vary.

• Treating strawberry whiteflies with pesticides before flowering and after the berries are picked will help.
• "Calypso" is an effective insecticide for hairy bronze. Used at any time of the year, the first effect can be observed 3 hours after use.
• The strawberry leaf beetle can only be controlled using agrotechnical methods, since it lives and winters in the ground. Among chemical preparations, “Shar Pei”, “Zolon”, “Karate” are suitable.

Interesting!

To prevent nematodes from settling in strawberries, marigolds should be planted between the rows, the smell of which repels the pest.

• Compliance with agrotechnical standards when growing strawberries helps prevent strawberry nematodes. If the bushes are damaged, it is worth removing the diseased plants and treating the soil with a 5% solution of iron sulfate.
• The nettle leaf weevil is combated by spraying with a 50% Karbofos solution. You can also use "Decis" or "Confidor".
• Strawberry mites are destroyed using the drug "Keltan" or "Karbofos".
• Spider mites are afraid of acaricides like Omite, Actellik, Ortus, and Sunmite.
• A bright pink solution of potassium permanganate also helps against ticks. First, the ticks are collected, and then the bushes are watered with a hot solution (up to +70 degrees).
• Among the chemical preparations against slugs, Slimax can help. Up to 7 kg of substance is used per hectare.

Strawberry

Preventive measures allow you to completely avoid the appearance of pests and diseases of strawberries.

1. Plantings should not be thickened. Yes, there are gardeners who do not plant strawberries in rows and yet their crops do not get sick. But all unnecessary bushes are usually removed; the plants always grow separately, so that they do not interfere with each other. If strawberries grow “on top of each other,” then diseases simply cannot bypass them!
2. To prevent spring diseases, strawberries are simply sprinkled with crushed wood ash. Up to 70 g of ash is taken per square area.
3. To make pests and diseases less likely to appear in strawberries, it is worth planting garlic or onions between the rows.
4. By growing disease-resistant varieties and hybrids, you can forget about problems with diseases.
5. It is advisable to grow strawberries on agrofibre, as it allows you to make even rows, save the bushes from weeds, and stop the spread of pests.

If prevention is observed, diseases and pests will not cause harm to strawberries, but if they do appear in the beds, they must be dealt with immediately so that the problem does not worsen. After all, only healthy bushes will bear beautiful, large and tasty berries.