Electric water heating convector. Water heating convectors: an overview of all types and features of the device

Until recently, traditional radiator batteries were very popular, but they are gradually being forced out of the market by qualitatively new and improved devices - water heating convectors.

Design and principles of operation

The distribution of thermal energy in them is carried out through the circulation of air masses. The design of the water convector is a copper pipe equipped with a certain number of aluminum fins.

At the same time, water heaters are similar to conventional batteries - for example, water acts as a heat transfer fluid in both cases. But the difference is that the convector raises the temperature in the room with the help of warm air flows, and the radiator battery - by radiating heat from its body.

In water convectors, the liquid heats up the aluminum plates and the copper pipe, which in turn raises the temperature of the air inside the casing. Hot air enters the room through special holes in the top of the convector. Cold air is supplied through the lower openings, which ensures a continuous heating process.

Modern tuning

Some devices may be equipped with special fans that disperse warm air throughout the space. Modern water convectors with a fan are also equipped with additional devices for regulating the microclimate. These devices include thermostats or thermostats.

Heat exchanger design

The heat exchanger of the water convector has no holes between the plates and the pipe, which allows to significantly increase the heat exchange area. Otherwise, if there were even a small gap between these elements, the output of thermal energy would drop several times. To increase the power of heating equipment and the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room, several of these heat exchangers can be installed.

Housing and connection elements

The water body is made of stainless steel. The upper part of the unit is covered with a grate, which can be removable or non-removable. Many manufacturers complete it with a special air damper, which makes it possible to adjust the saturation level of convection air flows.

To connect to the heating pipeline in water radiators-convectors, side or end inlets with an internal thread are used. The most modern models are additionally equipped with a special tap-valve that allows you to lower the resulting "air cushion". Due to this, the device heats up more intensively.

When installing, there are some nuances. So, for a convector with a fan, you will need an electronic thermostat and a place for a transformer. The box for any type of water convector must be made of durable and anti-corrosion material in order to withstand heavy mechanical loads.

Options

Water convectors have the following main technical characteristics:

• working pressure - within 16 atmospheres, pressure testing - a maximum of 25 atmospheres;
• coolant temperature - maximum 130С, housing - maximum 60С;
• convectors can have from 4 to 6 rows in the heat exchanger;
• the volume of water ranges from 0.7 to 1.9 liters, while the flow occurs with a capacity of 90 to 170 l / h;
• the depth of the niche for embedding must be at least 30 mm;
• power - 100-200 kW, and the weight of the device varies from 14 to 21 kg.

simple math

The calculation of the required power of the convector for space heating is based on the ratio of 1 kW per 10 m2 plus 0.2 kW per 1 window with non-solid glazing. If there are two external walls and a window in the room, a 20% surcharge must be made - i.e. 1.2 kW per 10 m2.

Classification

According to the method of fastening, built-in, wall-mounted and floor-standing appliances are distinguished. Built-in convectors are popular - devices consisting of several key parts: a channel, a decorative grill and a finned heater. So, a water heating convector built into the floor is perfect for glazed rooms with a high level of humidity - for example, for swimming pools, drying the air well.

Built-in wall device.

However, built-in convectors are expensive, so consumers often choose other floor and wall models. Their technical characteristics are almost identical - the models differ only in the installation method, but at the same time they are much cheaper. Floor water convectors have found their application in apartment buildings with central heating.

The convector must withstand a pressure of 12 atmospheres, which must be taken into account when choosing. Wall and floor convectors can be connected end or side way.

Advantages

All types of devices have a number of advantages:

• you can install such a device anywhere in the apartment - in the basement of the building, on the parapet, in the floor or on the wall;
• attractive exterior and compact size, which does not spoil the design of the room;
• technical characteristics ensure fire safety;
• installation does not require special knowledge: a clear instruction is attached to the device;
• it is possible to order from the manufacturer a special non-standard model according to your preferences.

Water convectors are well suited for operation not only in residential premises, but also in winter gardens, greenhouses, swimming pools. They are made from durable stainless steel for corrosion resistance.

Peculiarities

Compared to traditional batteries, water convectors heat up faster due to the greater air heating efficiency. At the same time, heating does not require a high temperature of the heat-carrying water: it, as a rule, does not exceed 60°C. Accordingly, the cost of heating the liquid will be lower. Such devices are lightweight, so they can be used in apartments with plasterboard walls.

Flaws

The disadvantages include the following nuances:

• due to the intensive movement of the conversion air in the room, dust circulation is high;
• there is a risk of uneven heating and drafts;
• the most powerful and efficient outdoor units have a large weight, which can reach up to 100 kg;
• not suitable for large rooms and dwellings with high ceilings - hot air flows will be concentrated at the top, and the lower layers of the atmosphere will remain cold.

It should be noted that the operation of such heating units is possible only if there is natural air ventilation. Otherwise, most of the heated air will be taken in: the effect of the water convector will be zero.

On this tab of the Internet project, we will try to help you determine the necessary installation nodes for your cottage. Heating installation includes boiler, connection system, radiators, manifolds, air vents, pressure increasing pumps, thermostatic pipes, fasteners, expansion tank. Installation of cottage heating has certain devices. The listed nodes of the system are too important. Therefore, the compliance of all parts of the structure is important to carry out technically correctly.

Heating convectors water technical specifications

Buildings and structures located in all climatic zones of our country need heating systems. Water heating convectors are one of the most common, inexpensive and efficient devices used to maintain the temperature and humidity conditions. In the Russian Federation, GOST 31311-2005 is in force. which defines the requirements for heating equipment.

Water heating convectors evenly heat the air in the room.

The property of a heated object to give off heat to the environment is widely used in heating systems. Water convectors transfer energy to the air and objects in the immediate vicinity. Heat transfer occurs in two ways: radiative and convective, the lion's share of over 95% falls on the second component of the flow. Taking into account the efficiency, a device of this type gives off up to 75% of the heat supplied to it to the environment.

Wall convectors in the circuits of heating systems, work as follows:

1. the air directly surrounding the heat exchanger tubes heats up, and their density decreases noticeably;
2. less dense gas rises, and colder gas takes its place;
3. the process is repeated until the temperature of the heat exchanger is equal.

Important! The constancy of the process is achieved due to the constant renewal of the heated water inside the battery.

Water-type convectors are connected to internal circuits in which liquid circulates. Water, in turn, is brought to a high temperature in autonomous heating devices - boilers or is supplied centrally. Convective-type heat engineering devices are widely used due to their high energy efficiency and safety in operation.

Wall-mounted water convectors, as well as equipment of this type of other layouts, has the following elements in its design:

• thin-walled tube made in the form of a coil to increase the area of ​​the outer surface;
• fins made of steel, aluminum, copper or bronze plates to increase heat transfer.

There are different types of convectors. They can be distributed according to the material of the heat exchanger, power, heated area, but the most common classification is made according to the type of installation.

Wall mounted water convector heating is the undoubted leader in this market. Its main advantage is its small size, thanks to which the device can be installed on walls, in small loggias under the windowsill. There are even ceiling mounted (suspended) convectors, which are a great solution for small apartments.

Floor convectors water heating systems are often used in industrial work environments. They differ from wall-mounted ones in greater productivity and weight (often the power reaches 60-80 kW). Their mass reaches 100 kilograms and more. They are considered more reliable and durable, but they cost an order of magnitude more, in addition, they have more serious requirements for safety, installation and operation. Basically, these heating units are vertical, but there are also large horizontal devices designed for rooms from 500 m 2. Floor heaters are rarely used for installation in multi-storey buildings due to difficult installation and permission problems.

Regardless of the type of installation, the technical characteristics and design of water heating convectors are the same:

1. Tank. The inner shell of a water heater, containing a metal protective liner (material steel or aluminum), which stores from 151 to 227 liters of hot water within certain pressure limits of the residential home water system. Outside, the tank is covered with a special composition - polyurethane foam, due to which the water cools down more slowly when the device is turned off from the outlet.
2. Immersion tube. Water enters the water heater through a dip tube at the top of the tank and travels to the bottom of the tank where it is then heated.
3. A shut-off valve is a shut-off valve that, if necessary, stops the flow of water to the water heater. This is a separate heater component located outside the device.
4. Heat pipes. Thanks to these communications, warm water leaves the expansion tank and flows throughout the system.
5. Thermostat. It is a thermometer, control system and temperature controller device. Some electric water heaters have a separate thermostat for each element. Models with a thermostat are much more expensive than without it, but we advise you to opt for built-in controllers, as this will significantly increase not only the safety of your family, but also savings.
6. TEN. Electric water heaters are equipped with special heating elements inside the water heating tank. Gas water heaters use burners and chimney systems instead.
7. The drain valve is located at the bottom of the housing. A drain valve makes it easy to empty the tank to replace elements, remove sediment or move the tank to another location.
8. Pressure relief valve. This safety device keeps the pressure inside the water heater within safe limits.
9. sacrificial anode. Made of magnesium or aluminum with a steel core, the part is suspended in the water heater to help avoid corrosion.

Also, water mounted convectors are equipped with additional fasteners (brackets, hangers), and floor or panel convectors - with metal stands on the floor, there are models with a fan, forced ventilation or chimney heating systems.

In a water heater, the temperature of the water inside the tank is controlled by a thermostat. Typically, you can set this to somewhere between 49 to 82 degrees Celsius. The water temperature recommended by most manufacturers is between 49 and 60 degrees Celsius. It's hot enough to be effective for home use, but not so hot as to pose a burn hazard.

An immersion tube of cold water from the communication lines pumps liquid to the bottom of the tank, where it begins to heat up. The heating mechanism, burner or element operates until the water reaches the temperature that the thermostat is set to. At the same time, the heated water, due to the laws of physics, rises to the top, and cold water falls down to heat. The heat pipes are located at the top of the tank. The water leaving the water heater is always the hottest in the tank, so be careful when turning the tap on "full".

Photo - Heating system Buderus

For large industrial premises and apartments, the rate of water heating is very important. The rate at which the tank heats water is called its recovery rate. This figure indicates the amount of water in liters that can be heated up to 50 degrees Celsius for 1 hour. Accordingly, if you release water quickly, it will heat up more slowly.

The choice of a water heater that has the required capacity and recovery rate depends on how much water is needed for domestic use and at what rate you use it. As a rule, low recovery heaters have a large tank capacity. Although it takes longer to heat the water, there is more of it for occasional use.

Steel convectors are considered the most productive, they keep the temperature better and have greater conductivity, while copper convectors are more durable due to their high anti-corrosion properties. Of course, in many respects the water consumption and cooling rate depend on the type of pipes, their number and what radiators are installed in the apartment.

Photo - Copper heating radiator

You can buy water heating convectors at any heating equipment store throughout Russia, their price depends on the brand and power (naturally, domestic KSK 20 or KNN will be more affordable than the same imported Kermi). Sale is carried out both in dealerships and immediately at the factories where the production of equipment takes place.

Rating: 607

The main thing in providing year-round comfortable heat in the house is the search for equipment that combines energy savings and maximum heat transfer. The successful solution of these two components of the search is represented by the developers of the water. Consider the characteristics and how water heating convectors work.

Characteristics

The main technical characteristics of water convector equipment are:

• creating comfort and coziness in the house, due to adjustable heat;
• blocking cold air seeping through small cracks;
• optimal distribution of warm air currents in all rooms of the house;
• destruction of condensate on windows and other glass interior elements.

A complex name can mislead some consumers, and makes them think that convectors have nothing to do with heating. For a closer acquaintance with them, we propose to reveal the meaning of the word "convector".

The principle of operation of the water convector

The convection process is a concept that reflects the circulation of heat together with air, which is produced by a heat source. Heated air weighs less, so unheated air moves down, where it is also heated, due to this circulation, the result of uniform distribution of heat is achieved. This helps to avoid sudden temperature changes in the room between the floor and the level of the head of an adult.

The advantage of heating convectors:

• many variations of the style of execution of models, guarantees a successful combination with the most whimsical design solutions for houses and offices;
• ease of maintenance attracts more and more consumers;
• ergonomics of the model range is also an important point in choosing this type of heating;
• the optimal temperature regime in the building (room) is achieved in a matter of minutes, since a small amount of water is used. The use of a limited amount of heated water contributes to significant energy savings;
• a room heated by a convector method has a temperature difference between the top and bottom of only 1-2 degrees. On the contrary, the difference in temperature indicators in the heating of a room heated in the traditional way can reach 7 degrees;
• an acceptable temperature is set by adjusting the built-in thermostat, which keeps one selected temperature throughout the entire time the heater is running;

Temperature control by thermostat

• has a temperature limit of 90 degrees, unlike conventional ones, in which this value fluctuates within 30 ° -50 °. This indicator is most important for families with preschool children.
• the creation of one network of such heaters allows you to remotely control the temperature throughout the house;
• this type of device has the property of fire safety;
• the price performance of the equipment can ensure the satisfaction of the transaction of any buyer.

Types and types

Water convectors for heating are divided into types, types according to various characteristics: equipment sizes, envisaged placement, control methods, potential power indicators and others:

wall type

The advantage of wall-mounted water heating convectors is that the heating device can be hung directly on the wall, and the material from which the attachment point is made does not matter, it can even be drywall. The ergonomic design of the convector equipment allows you to use the space under the window or any other place. The compactness of the wall convector does not mean the loss of heat transfer characteristics, and is also the best solution to replace an outdated and large battery.

Water wall convectors

floor type

The appearance and arrangement of the floor-type convector, by the presence of a non-separable structure, resembles a wall-mounted one. It has a low level of heating, so any materials and household items can be placed in the immediate vicinity of it without creating a fire hazard. The heating index, despite the small size of the radiator, is in no way reduced. In a house where such a heating source works, residents will not feel dry. In buildings with an abundance of glass structures, floor convectors are applicable as an auxiliary heater.

built-in type

The built-in type of heating convector is one of the advanced technologies in this direction. The name itself makes it possible to judge the qualitatively best technological solution. The convector can be hidden behind a baseboard or in special recesses in the floor. Size and placement are also not critical to the performance of a product.

The main device responsible for heating in the design of a water convector is a pipe made of a copper alloy, aluminum plates are attached to it.

Photo of the design scheme of the water convector

The heat generation rate is higher, the larger the space between the fins.

This design is wrapped in a protective material. On top of the entire structure is a metal grill.

The temperature of the water convector is regulated by a thermostat connected to a special valve. To ensure efficient operation of the radiator, it is necessary to remove the air accumulated during downtime using a special lever. It is possible to place from 2 to 3 described heaters in one structure.

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On the modern market there are many models of devices that are designed to maintain a certain temperature and a given level of humidity in the room.

The equipment that creates the microclimate of the room includes ventilation systems, air conditioners, as well as heating equipment.

Water convector is a pipe with a certain number of plates that are heated by a liquid and increase the temperature in the room. This is due to natural convection, the air is constantly heated and enters the space through the holes in the top of the equipment.

First of all, it is worth noting that they can be built-in, floor and wall. The principle of their operation is almost identical, only the way the devices are installed differs.

Built-in not only heat the room, but also reduce the level of humidity. Such heating units are quite expensive.

Floor-standing and wall-mounted are characterized by a stylish design, in addition, they can be installed in any free space, while these devices do not take up much extra space.

Advantages

The use of these devices has undeniable advantages over other heating systems. So, they can be easily used to heat not only a dwelling, such as an apartment or a cottage, but also to create a comfortable temperature in a greenhouse or a small winter garden. At the same time, reliable stainless steel is used for their production, which ensures long-term operation of the unit and resistance to corrosion.

Modern convectors are equipped with protection against overheating, so they have good fire protection characteristics. No professional assistance or special permits are required to install this equipment.

The undeniable advantages also include:

• high work efficiency;
• operational heating of even a large area of ​​​​the room;
• compactness and relatively small weight of the device;
• the possibility of heating the room even at a low temperature of the coolant;
• ease of installation and further operation of the device;
• pleasant appearance;
• the low weight of the unit, thanks to which it can be mounted even on plasterboard walls;
• noiseless operation.

Flaws

However, these heaters also have significant disadvantages, which include:

• possible dustiness of the heated room, which is associated with the circulation of air masses;
• convectors of this type cannot be used for rooms with high ceilings, since most of the warm air will be concentrated under the ceiling, and the temperature in the floor area will be insufficient for a comfortable microclimate;
• due to uneven heating of the room, the equipment can lead to the formation of drafts;
• the impossibility of using it in conjunction with an artificial air ventilation system - since most of the heated air will go into the ventilation system, the efficiency of the convector will approach zero.

The constant development of heating systems has led to the emergence of new, more functional devices that have learned the name converters. They ousted from the premises in which:

• Constant high humidity
• Two or more walls border the street
• Big square
• It is not possible to carry out high-quality thermal insulation of surfaces

The most widely used water heating convector, characterized by simplicity, efficiency and reliability.

The classic convector is a pipe, which is equipped with numerous ribs of small thickness. It is noteworthy that the main components of such a device are made of various materials:

1. Fins - aluminum
2. Main pipe - steel

There is a lot in common between a water convector and a classic heating radiator. Both devices are intended for space heating using a circulating heat transfer fluid, usually water. The main difference lies in the principle of operation of the devices:

1. Heating radiator radiates heat
2. The convector heats and sends warm streams into the room

Principle of operation based on natural convection. Cold air, falling down and enters the device, takes heat from the aluminum plates heated by the liquid and the copper pipe. At the same time, it pushes out warmer and lighter air masses, which, on the contrary, rush upwards. Thus, continuous air exchange is ensured.

Any water heating convector is placed in a rectangular case, which is made of stainless steel. Above is a grill, which can be removable or solid. Manufacturers equip modern models with dampers that make it possible to regulate flows.

It is necessary to make sure that the plates heated by the copper pipe fit snugly against it. Gaps, even small ones, will significantly affect the power of the device.

Video on interior design and installation

Positive and negative sides

In addition to water convectors, the market is rich in gas and electric models. The first ones are not widely used, as they need additional arrangement of the chimney. When installing the latter, electricity costs increase significantly.

Water convectors are simpler and more reliable. They are easy to install, simple to operate and have a number of significant advantages:

1. High level of safety of use
2. Service life - more than 2 decades
3. No need for additional specialized equipment
4. Ability to automate the operation of heating devices
5. High speed heating of a large space
6. Maximum efficiency at low coolant temperature
7. Warm streams do not allow condensation to form on glazed surfaces

There are few negatives. Among them it is worth noting the following:

1. Do not install water convectors in rooms where forced ventilation is provided
2. The constant movement of air currents causes dust formation.
3. Air currents can cause drafts

Classification of water convectors

The market offers a wide variety of water heating convectors, which makes it possible for each owner to choose a device that meets his requirements. It is customary to divide convectors according to two criteria:

• Convention type
• Installation method

Introductory video review

Convention type

According to the type of convection, devices are divided into two categories:

• Forced
• natural

Forced convectors - installations in which air circulation occurs under the action of mechanical force. A low-power low-voltage (usually 12 V) fan is mounted inside. It does not consume much electricity, but you need to take care of the availability of a power source nearby.

Natural convectors are not equipped with additional blowers and the movement of air flows occurs naturally. The cold masses, sinking down and having more density, push out the warm masses, which rise, cool down, fall and again replace the newly heated ones.

Convectors with forced air circulation can be used as the main heating devices. Natural circulation has a small capacity, therefore, devices operating according to this principle are usually used as additional heating elements or to form a warm air curtain in front of windows or doors.

According to the installation method, a water heating convector can belong to 1 of 3 types:

• floor standing
• wall
• Embedded

The most widespread are wall and floor (external) devices that do not hide in certain surfaces. They can have an end or side connection, which everyone chooses individually. Modern models differ in excellent design, are perfectly combined with any interior.

Among the advantages of external models, it is worth noting:

• You can order devices, giving them an individual design
• The equipment can be installed in any of the rooms without requiring a lot of free space.
• They are mobile, can be installed in a convenient place.

Gaining widespread demand among owners of small apartments or in rooms with high levels of humidity. Their main components are:

• Channel
• Finned heater
• Decorative protective grille

They take cold air near the floor surface, warm it up and send it out. Simultaneously drying the masses, they reduce the level of humidity.

Built-in convectors offer numerous advantages. The only downside is the cost. You have to pay for comfort.

Equipment selection criteria

When choosing a water heating convector, several important criteria must be considered. The usability of the device, reliability, safety, etc. will depend on them.

Pay attention to the control method:

1. Manual
2. remote

In the first case, to start the converter, each time you have to go directly to the device to turn it on or off. In the second it can be done from a distance.

An important characteristic is the power of the device. The higher this value, the faster the air flow will heat up, and the room will warm up. Many potential buyers believe that a powerful device will cause some trouble in the form of noise. Not the cheapest high-quality models of this drawback are devoid of and absolutely silent.

Not all devices are equipped with such a useful additional element as a thermostat. However, it is very useful and practical. By controlling the current temperature, he himself can determine when to turn off the device and when to turn it on. Its main purpose is to prevent overheating.

Along with power, the heating element is equally important. It is a tube in which the coolant circulates. Its main characteristic is the area in contact with the environment. The larger it is, the higher the performance of the selected model will be.

You should pay attention to the body, since the purchased device should not only heat the room, but also fit into the interior as harmoniously as possible, be durable. received the most distribution.

Another issue under consideration is accommodation. Everyone should choose a floor, wall or built-in device on their own. The most important thing is that the convector does not clutter up the space and does not interfere.

Video review of the mounted system

In custody

Everyone can freely choose a water heating convector for their home that meets their requirements. The variety of models is great, and all of them have many advantages compared to classic heating radiators. However, it must be remembered that the cost of such devices is more expensive.

If water models are not suitable for certain reasons, you can choose from a variety of gas and electric convectors. However, despite all their practicality, installation and maintenance will cause more trouble and increase the cost of funds.