Phrasal verbs have become very popular in modern English speech. If you want to understand modern English, then you cannot escape this topic. Native speakers use phrasal verbs very actively, and if you don’t know them, understanding English speech will be problematic.
Phrasal verbs. Introduction
Verb → preposition
So
Verbs of motion → preposition
Go out/go in/come back
Very often, a phrasal verb can look like a combination of a verb of motion and a preposition. In this case, the preposition will indicate the direction of movement. This combination is very easy to understand and remember.
Accordingly, we can say:
geton,lookout,runaway,takeoff etc. These are all phrasal verbs.
Let's look at these connections:
Get on– get into transport (one of the many options for transferring this link). I got on the bus. – I got on the bus.
Look out- look from somewhere ( look- to look, but it is not clear where, an excuse out indicates that we are looking from somewhere). For example, you look out the window - you look out of the window.
Run away - run away ( run- run, away- go away) run away with me - let's run away with me.
Take off – take something off, take off clothes ( take- take, off- leave space take off- remove yourself) take off the socks - take off your socks.
Looking at these examples, you can intuitively guess how the copula is translated. We see that we have verbs that denote direction, and prepositions associated with this direction.
Let's look at some more examples (in these examples we will also use the verb of motion + preposition):
get out - you walk → We get out of the car. – We got out of the car;
go in - for walk , V walk → Go in one ear and out the other. “It went in one ear and out the other.” The British say so too.
Come on→ Come on! He is waiting for you. - Quicker! He is waiting for you.
Grow up→ What do you want to do when you grow up? – What will you do when you grow up?
Come back→ He won't come back to her - He will return to her.
Turn round→ He turned round and looked at me – He turned and looked at me.
We see that with verbs of motion everything is much simpler. In this case, the English preposition plays the role of a Russian prefix. For example, in Russian we speak at go, and in English the role of the prefix “ y" will play pretext off, and as a result we get - drive off -at drive.
Here are some examples to get you started ( Please note that we do not translate the verb separately from the preposition).
Get on – we already know that one of the translation options for this very popular combination is to get into some type of transport. Now let's look at another situation.
How are you getting on? = How did you do? – How are you coping? In this sentence get on- cope with. This is not the last meaning of this link.
Look out- look out from somewhere. I look out of the room. - I look out of the room.
Here is another example where the same phrasal verb gives a completely different meaning.
Look out= be careful! Beware! Be careful!
Break down, break - break, down move down. What can you break down? Well, yes, it sounds strange. Let's see what it means in context. My skateboard broke down- My skateboard is broken.
Break up – breake down.
They broke up yesterday. - They broke up yesterday.
Any phrasal verb only makes sense when it is used in context.
Phrasal verb → preposition
Sometimes a phrasal verb can be followed by another preposition, and then we get something like this: “Why did she run away from you. “Why did she run away from you?” And then we panic: “how to translate all this?”, “What do you mean, two prepositions after the verb?” But everything here is not as complicated as it seems at first glance.
We just have to understand that, most likely, the first preposition refers to the verb, and the second to the object, that is, away → run, from → you.
Each phrasal verb often has a synonym.
For example:
You can give up
You can stop smoking – you can quit smoking.
The same combination can have different meanings and perform different functions, depending on the situation and context.
For example:
- Some phrasal verbs are meaningless to use without an object. For example, I put out– I put it out. What did I put out? It is completely unclear what we are talking about. And now, in order to get a complete sentence with meaning, we must add an object. I put out a fire. - I put out the fire. Well, now everything has fallen into place.
- Based on whether the object is present or absent in the sentence, phrasal verbs can be divided into:
- transitional ( phrasal verbs have an object );
- intransitive ( phrasal verbs Not require object and are independent).
Iturned off the computer.– I turned off the computer. If just I turned off– I included, then the phrase itself does not make sense, and, of course, in relation to the action, the question arises by itself.
This table gives examples of transitive and intransitive phrasal verbs.
Since a sentence with a phrasal verb can have an object (we already know that such verbs are called transitive), it is logical that this object should find its place in the sentence. Hence the question. Can the object break the connective and come between the verb and the preposition or can it only come after the phrasal verb. Yes, such a division is possible.
Therefore, phrasal verbs can be:
- separable, most phrasal verbs can be separable object → these include transitive verbs (phrasal verb + object);
- inseparable, cannot be separated object → these include all intransitive (phrasal verb without object) and some transitive verbs (phrasal verb + object).
Let's look at an example with a separable phrasal verb:
"You should give up this job.“You should give up this job.”
"You should give this job up».
In both cases, the connective is translated the same way, but here’s what’s interesting: since we perform an action on an object (the object is this job), then this object can come between the main verb and its preposition or not break at all. Even though the preposition came after the object, they still denote one indivisible concept; it continues to be a phrasal verb.
As a rule, there are two options for where the object will appear: after the phrasal verb or between the verb and the preposition. It depends on the speaker himself.
But if you replace an object pronoun (it/them/me/he, etc.), then you must place the pronoun between two parts (between the verb and the preposition).
Let's look at the same example.
Should I give up this job? → Yes, you should give itup.
Will we pick up t he children? → Yes, let's pickthemup.
The pronoun will always come between the verb and the preposition.
Examples with unseparable phrasal verbs:
I came across the book by chance. – I accidentally came across this book.(You can't say: I came the book across)
I stayed up all night. – I didn’t sleep all night.(You can’t say: I stayed all night up.)
- Sometimes the same phrasal verb can be both transitive and intransitive.
Here is an example with a transitive phrasal verb.
My mother gave up smoking.– My mother quit smoking.
But here is the same phrasal verb, but in this example, it plays the role of an intransitive one.
Don't give up!- Do not give up!
Why is it so important to learn phrasal verbs? Since native English speakers always use such verbs in their speech, learning a language without these verbs makes no sense. And, of course, this has its advantages; we don’t need to know a huge number of words to express our thoughts.
Finally, let's review some phrasal verbs that will help you take the next test.
| Verb | Translation |
|---|---|
| take off | take off |
| act out | to have a dialog) |
| wake up | wake up |
| be back | come back |
| carry on | continue |
| get up | get up |
| get off | get out of the car) |
| get on | get on transport |
| turn off | turn off |
| turn on | include |
| look out | look from somewhere |
| run away | run away |
| go in | come in |
| grow up | grow up |
| turn round | turn |
| break up | part |
| check in | check in (at a hotel) |
| check out | check out, check out (from the hotel) |
| go away | leave |
| put down | put |
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Task 1 of 10
1 .
Number of points: 1Mike […] his T-shirt. – Mike took off his shirt.
Task 2 of 10
2 .
Number of points: 1We should […] the train. - We must get on the train.
Task 3 of 10
3 .
Number of points: 1When I finished working on the computer, I […]. – When I finished working on the computer, I turned it off.
Task 4 of 10
4 .
Number of points: 1[…] and don’t come back. - Go away and don't come back.
English is the language of eccentrics and mystery lovers. Here, there are the well-known English verbs get, look, take and give. And, it seems, everything is fine with them. But the British didn’t think so, and they decided to diversify the vocabulary with additional elements. Thus, they turned the meaning of the words upside down: get off (to go), look about (to make inquiries), take apart (to scold), and give up (to give up). And they called them phrasal verbs. In fact, everything is not so confusing. Let's figure it out.
Under the phrasal verb ( phrasal verb) refers to an idiomatic phrase consisting of the usual English verb , but with one exception, which is used with an additional element: with the particle ( particle) = stand to(stick to) or adverb ( adverb) = live down(to atone for guilt by one’s behavior); or with both = stick up to(resist). Why do English phrasal verbs cause so much difficulty? The answer lies in the fact that at first glance it is extremely problematic to determine the total meaning of the parts of the verb.
Types of phrasal verbs
In the dry language of grammar, the phrasal verb can be divided into 4 main categories.
- Transitional ( transitive): a verb that requires an object after itself. For example, there is a verb bump into(to come across by chance), after him there should be a face that you just didn’t expect to see. You can't just say: Last Friday I bumped into. Because There is a clear understatement in the sentence. Instead, it is worth formulating the thought as:
Last Friday I bumped into Bennett. - Last Friday I accidentally ran into Bennett.
Subject + verb + particle + object
- Intransitive ( intransitive): a verb that stands independently in a sentence and does not require additional explanation in the form of an object after itself. For example, verb grow up(to grow up):
Her children are growing up quickly.- Her children are growing up quickly. Formula:
Subject + verb + particle
NOTA BENE: Some verbs, depending on the conveyed meaning, can be transitional:Tom wakes up Heather. - Tom will be Heather. AND intransitive:Tom wakes up. - Tom wakes up.
- Detachable ( separable): the main verb can stand apart from the semantic element: Tom wakes up Heather. = Tom wakes Heather up. However, some verbs prefer constant solitude, so they always keep a safe distance from particles:
Keep smth around(keep with you), but not “keep around smth”.
Subject + verb + particle + object = subject + verb + object + particle
NOTA BENE: If used as an object personal pronoun, then the sentence formula will always look like this:
Subject + verb + personal pronoun + particle
- Inseparable ( inseparable): like lovers, the verb never, under any circumstances, parts with its other half. Eg, look up to smb(to admire someone), but not look up smb to / look smb up to:
William has never looked up to his uncle.- William never admired his uncle.
Subject + verb + particle + object
NOTA BENE: To determine whether a verb is transitive or not, look in an English dictionary: Macmillan, Merriam Webster or Collins. Studying the context and examples will allow you to find out whether the English phrasal verb will be separable or inseparable.
| BRING | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ON [ɔn] | stimulate call |
detachable | transition |
| UP [ʌp] | raise the issue | detachable | transition |
| CHEER | |||
| ON [ɔn] | inspire | detachable | transition |
| UP [ʌp] | support | detachable | transition |
| COME | |||
| UP [ʌp] | appear (on screen) | inseparable | intransitive |
| IN [ɪn] | enter | inseparable | intransitive |
| ACROSS [ə"krɔs] | come across by chance | inseparable | transition |
| GET | |||
| THROUGH [θru:] | withstand | inseparable | transition |
| UP [ʌp] | to get up from bed | inseparable | intransitive |
| HAND | |||
| IN [ɪn] | hand in (written work) | detachable | transition |
| HANG | |||
| UP [ʌp] | hang up the phone | detachable | transition |
| KEEP | |||
| DOWN | control | detachable | transition |
| UP WITH [ʌp wɪð] | keep up with | inseparable | transition |
| KICK | |||
| OUT | kick out | detachable | transition |
| LOOK | |||
| UP [ʌp] | look in the dictionary | detachable | transition |
| OUT | be careful | detachable | transition |
| MAKE | |||
| UP [ʌp] | create/invent | detachable | transition |
| PASS | |||
| AWAY [ə"weɪ] | die | inseparable | intransitive |
| PICK | |||
| UP [ʌp] | lift up | detachable | transition |
| PUT | |||
| UP WITH [ʌp wɪð] | come to terms with | inseparable | transition |
| SWITCH | |||
| OFF [ɔf] | turn off | detachable | transition |
| ON [ɔn] | include | detachable | transition |
| RUN | |||
| OUT OF | run out | inseparable | transition |
| TAKE | |||
| AFTER ["ɑ:ftə] | be like | inseparable | transition |
| OVER ["əuvə] | accept (position) | detachable | transition |
| RUN | |||
| OUT OF | run out | inseparable | transition |
| THROW [θrəu] | |||
| OUT OF | Lose the chance throw away |
detachable | transition |
| TURN | |||
| DOWN | turn down the volume | detachable | transition |
| UP [ʌp] | turn up the volume | detachable | transition |
| WORK | |||
| OUT | train | inseparable | intransitive |
| THROUGH [θru:] | pave one's way the road across |
inseparable | transition |
How to learn English phrasal verbs
Finding lists on the Internet or a dictionary of English phrasal verbs in grammar books is not difficult. However, this is not the best way to study them. Let's talk about tricks for effectively memorizing phrasal verbs.
- Firstly, context- the head of everything. A great way is to start with a list of phrasal verbs and a blank sheet of paper. Imagine watching the Formula 1 world car racing championship, and there will likely be a variety of idiomatic expressions used, including the traffic-related verb, pull up, etc. Now use your imagination. Imagine that you are at the airport of phrasal verbs, and there are no less of them there than there are regular suitcases. Choose one topic and write it in the center of the page. Now look through the list of phrasal verbs until you come across something that you might hear in this situation. Don’t forget to immediately jot down a couple of examples to understand the type of phrasal verb. It is much easier to assimilate the material when all the nuances of use are taken into account.
- Secondly, once you have worked out the connection diagram of a specific situation, it is worth creating easy-to-remember short stories, where phrasal verbs would be used. After all, everyone loves funny stories. Whether you consider yourself a verbal fencer or not, there are several reasons why. No one will read pen sketches unless you want to. It is not necessary to write them in a notebook; speak them out loud or record the speech on a voice recorder.
- Third, learn phrasal verbs By English songs, because they help to quickly and easily remember new words used in live conversation. Type the name of the phrasal verb in the search bar, enter the word lyrics, listen to catchy music and learn English.
- And finally, fourthly, check the modern meaning of phrasal verbs by reading news. Once you've had your fill, head back to Google, but this time instead of searching for lyrics and video clips, look through the news tab or go to the sites: The Guardian, Flipboard, CNN, BBC, USA Today etc. Try to find phrasal verbs there. The news will allow you to analyze authentic examples of English phrasal verbs.
Conclusion
Phrasal verbs are everywhere and are an important part of the English-speaking world. Language, being a variable structure and subject to metamorphosis, is replenished with new idiomatic expressions and colorful words over time. But, no need to worry. Start with a couple of English phrasal verbs with translations in the table above, take time and work on the specifics of their use in speech. Rest assured that you will become an outstanding expert in no time.
Stay focused and believe in yourself!
Big and friendly EnglishDom family
A few thoughts about phrasal verbs in English.
Hi all! In this article I would like to talk about phrasal verbs. Do you like them? I'm betting yes! 🙂 But how many of them do you know? And in general, how many phrasal verbs are there in English?
And the answer will be - A LOT! In fact, phrasal verbs are one of the most difficult topics to learn. I've been learning English for more than a year and a half, but I can't say that I know many phrasal verbs and use them often in my speech. I always try to learn them, but the point is that the best way to remember them is through frequent practice. And for me it’s quite difficult to speak English every day for a long time, I just don’t have anyone with me. Of course, I practice English with my tutor and with friends, but this is not enough to master phrasal verbs well. I would really like to go to some English speaking country and live there for a while. I think this would be the best way to remember the most popular of these expressions!
But one way or another, it is very important to learn phrasal verbs and try to use them in conversation. This is a characteristic feature of the English language that makes you speak better.
What is a phrasal verb?
This is a set expression, usually consisting of two words that are combined with each other. One of them is a verb, the other, as a rule, a preposition. If you try to translate them separately, you will not understand the meaning of the phrase, because it is the complete phrase that has an exact translation and the best way to remember it is to memorize it and use it as often as possible.
|
Phrasal verb |
|
| act to | play a trick |
| add on | add |
| add up | fold |
| answer back | snap |
| answer to | correspond |
| ask after | inquire about |
| attend to | service |
| back out | give up |
| back up | insure |
| bank on | rely on |
| bear out | support |
| bear up | hold on |
| beat down | lash, shoot |
| belt out | bawl |
| belt up | shut up |
| blast off | take off, take off |
| blot out | obscure |
| blow out | go out |
| blow over | pass |
| boil down to | boil down to |
| book in | register |
| bottle up | keep to yourself |
| box off | surround |
| break down | fence off |
| break in | break in, interfere |
| break off | interrupt, dissolve |
| break open | hack |
| break out | burst out |
| break through | break through |
| bring about | cause, generate |
| bring back | revive |
| bring down | reduce |
| bring forward | put forward |
| bring in | enter |
| bring off | conclude |
| bring out | identify |
| bring round | bring to life |
| brush aside | sweep aside |
| brush past | rush past |
| brush up | refresh |
| build on | use |
| build up | ramp up |
| bump along | shake on |
| bump into | bump into |
| bundle off | send |
| bundle out | leave quickly |
| burst into | break in |
| burst open | swing open |
| burst out | break out |
| buy in | purchase |
| buy into | share |
| buy off | bribe |
| buy out | redeem |
| buy up | buy up |
| buzz off | fuck off |
| call at | stay at |
| call back | come in again, call back |
| call for | call for |
| call off | cancel |
| call on | come to |
| call out | scream |
| carry on | continue |
| carry out | scream |
| cast aside | reject |
| catch on | take root |
| catch up | catch up |
| catch up with | catch up with someone |
| chance on | accidentally stumble upon |
| chase up | remind |
| chat up | flirt |
| check in | register |
| check off | note |
| check out | check out |
| check up | make inquiries |
| cheer up | encourage |
| chill out | get high |
| chip in | interfere |
| clear off | clean up |
| climb down | give in |
| close in | go down |
| close off | fence off |
| come across | bump into |
| come along | advance |
| come apart | fall apart |
| come by | get |
| come forward | be called upon |
| come in for | be subjected to |
| come off | have a blast |
| come on | advance |
| come round | come to life |
| come through | been through |
| come up against | bump into |
| come up with | invent |
| cool down | cool down |
| count on | count on |
| count up | count |
| cover up | cover up, cover someone up |
| crack down on | deal with |
| crack up | burst out laughing |
| cross out | cross off |
| cry off | refuse |
| cut off | turn off |
| cut out | disable |
| deal in | trade |
| die away | freeze |
| die down | fade away |
| dig into | dig |
| do away with | end with |
| do up | tie, fasten |
| do without | do without |
| double back | turn around and go back |
| double up | bend in half |
| draw back | pull back |
| draw in | drive up |
| draw on | use |
| draw out | stretch |
| draw up | move |
| dream up | dream up |
| dress up | dress up |
| drink in | revel |
| drive off | discard |
| drive out | displace |
| drop in | look at someone |
| drum up | call upon |
| dwell on | linger on |
| ease off | become quieter, slow down |
| eat away | fret |
| eat out | eat in the restaurant |
| enter upon | start off |
| explain away | find an excuse |
| fade in | gradually increase, strengthen |
| fade out | gradually reduce, weaken |
| fall apart | fall apart piece by piece |
| fall back on | resort to |
| fall behind | fall behind |
| fall for | fall in love with |
| fall in with | agree with |
| fast on | focus on |
| feel about | search by touch |
| fetch up | turn out to be |
| fiddle with | twirl in one's hands |
| fight back | defend, hold back the onslaught |
| fight down | suppress |
| figure out | calculate, understand |
| fill in | fill a tooth |
| filter in | leak out |
| find out | find out, expose |
| finish up | finish eating, finish drinking |
| fish out | fish out |
| fit in | to fit in |
| fix up | arrange |
| flick through | browse |
| float around | float in the air |
| flush out | scare away |
| follow out | execute |
| follow up | investigate |
| fool about | fool around |
| force back | repel the onslaught |
| forge ahead | get ahead |
| fork out | lay out |
| frown on | look askance at |
| fuss over | shake over |
| gasp out | blurt out |
| get about | spread |
| get across | explain |
| get along | cope with |
| get at | carp |
| get away | leave |
| get away with | avoid punishment |
| get by | pass |
| get off | get off transport |
| get on | get into transport |
| get on to | go to |
| get out of | get rid of |
| get over | overcome |
| get round to | get ready to do something |
| get through | call, break through |
| get up | get up, get out of bed |
| get up to | study |
| give in | submit |
| give off | smoke |
| give up | give up, give up |
| go about | stroll |
| go ahead | advance |
| go back on | don't hold back |
| go for | achieve |
| go in for | participate |
| go on | continue |
| go on at | pester |
| go through with | realize |
| go with | correspond |
| go without | be left without |
| grow apart | move away from each other |
| grow up | grow up |
| hang about | loiter |
| hang on | wait |
| hang up | hang up |
| happen on | bump into |
| head for | head towards |
| head off | withdraw |
| hit on | look for |
| hit out at | pounce |
| hold back | hold |
| hold on | hold on, wait |
| hold on to | to hold on |
| hold out | stretch out |
| hold over | save |
| hold up | lift, support |
| hurry up | rush |
| hush up | keep silent |
| inquire into | investigate |
| iron out | settle |
| jog along | move slowly |
| jump about | fuss |
| jump at | grab hold of |
| keep away from | stay away from |
| keep down | hold back |
| keep in | keep at home |
| keep off | bypass, avoid |
| keep out | don't let in |
| keep up | support |
| knock about | hang around |
| knock off | wrap up |
| knock out | deafen |
| ladle out | distribute left and right |
| land up | find yourself |
| launch into | indulge in |
| lay in | stock up |
| lay into | pounce on |
| lay off | dismiss |
| lay on | arrange |
| lay out | lay out |
| lead off | move away from |
| lead on | lead by the nose |
| leave behind | forget something |
| leave off | do not turn on |
| leave on | don't take off |
| leave out | skip, ignore |
| let on | let it slip |
| let out | release |
| let up | stop |
| lie about | lie around |
| lie back | recline |
| lie up | hide |
| live down | make amends |
| live up to | justify, rise to some level |
| lock away | take into custody |
| log in | login |
| log into | enter |
| log off | log out |
| look after | take care of |
| look around | look around |
| look down on | look down on |
| look for | search |
| look forward to | look forward to something |
| look into | investigate |
| look on | observe |
| look out for | beware |
| look through | browse |
| look up | find information |
| look up to | read |
| make for | head towards |
| make off | hide |
| make out | distinguish |
| make up | make up, do makeup |
| make up for | replenish |
| mark down | reduce, discount |
| mark off | note |
| mark out | mark, highlight |
| mark up | increase, add value |
| measure up | justify |
| mix up | confuse |
| mount up | accumulate |
| muddle along | cope somehow |
| muddle through | crawl out |
| nod off | take a nap |
| pack off | send |
| pass away | on |
| pass by | pass, pass by |
| pass out | lose consciousness |
| pass up | miss |
| patch up | settle |
| pick at | pick |
| pick off | methodically shoot down |
| pick on | find fault with |
| pick out | discern |
| play down | don't focus on |
| play up | act up |
| plug in | plug in |
| polish off | end with |
| pop in | drop in on someone |
| pop out | leap out |
| pop up | get out |
| pour into | rush into |
| press ahead | get down to business |
| press on | continue |
| pull about | chatter |
| pull up | pull up |
| push in | fit in |
| push off | clean up |
| push on | move forward |
| push over | overturn |
| push up | raise |
| put across | explain |
| put by | save |
| put forth | announce |
| put forward | push forward, bring forward |
| put in for | apply for |
| put on | put on |
| put out | extinguish, turn off |
| put through | connect, connect |
| put up with | endure, put up with |
| reach out | stretch out |
| reflect on | cast a shadow on |
| root about | rummage |
| root for | cheer for |
| root out | dig up |
| round off | complete |
| round up | round up |
| rule out | exclude |
| run across | bump into |
| run down | cut down, cut down |
| run into | to deal with |
| run off | run away, run away |
| run out | expire, end |
| run over | crush |
| rush through | do in a hurry |
| score out | cross off |
| scrape together | scrape |
| screw up | crumple, spoil |
| see about | study |
| see off | see off |
| see through | bring to a conclusion |
| see to | take care of |
| seize up | stall |
| send for | order |
| send in | apply for |
| send up | launch |
| serve out | lay out |
| set about | start |
| set back | detain |
| set off | go |
| set up | establish |
| shoot down | shoot down |
| shoot in | run headlong |
| shoot out | run out headlong |
| shoot up | jump |
| shop around | ask the price |
| shout down | drown out with screams |
| show in | lead inside |
| show off | brush off |
| show out | escort to the exit |
| show up | appear |
| shrug off | brush off |
| shut off | turn off |
| shut out | do not miss |
| shut up | shut up |
| sign away | transmit |
| sign in | register |
| sign off | end |
| sign out | check out |
| sign up | hire, subscribe |
| skate around | bypass |
| skate over | ignore |
| sleep around | sleep around |
| sleep in | wake up, go to sleep |
| slip up | make a mistake |
| smooth over | settle matters |
| sound off | speak out about |
| square up | get even with someone |
| stamp out | trample |
| stand by | be ready |
| stand down | give way |
| stand for | designate, represent |
| stand in for | replace |
| stand up for | defend |
| stand up to | withstand |
| stems from | come from |
| stick up for | stand up for |
| stir up | call |
| stop by | come in |
| stop up | close up |
| strike out | cross off |
| take after | go to someone |
| take down | demolish |
| take in | include |
| take off | take off |
| take on | fight with |
| take over | take direction |
| take to | become addicted to |
| take up | take up, pick up |
| tear along | rush |
| tell off | tell someone off |
| tell on | complain about |
| think up | invent |
| throw up | vomit |
| touch on | affect |
| touch up | tint |
| try on | measure, try on |
| tuck away | hide |
| tuck in | tuck in, stuff in |
| tuck up | cover |
| turn down | reject |
| turn in | roll up |
| turn off | turn off |
| turn on | include |
| turn up | be announced |
| wait on | service |
| walk out on | throw |
| wash up | wash the dishes |
| wear off | gradually pass |
| wear on | stretch |
| work out | succeed, work out |
| write off | write off, cancel |
| write up | put in order |
Phrasal verbs in English
What is a phrasal verb?
A phrasal verb in English is a combination of two or three words: a verb and an adverb, a verb and a preposition, or a verb, an adverb and a preposition.
Most of them are formed from a small set of verbs (such as get, go, come, put, set) and a small number of adverbs and prepositions (such as away, out, off, up, in).
Sometimes the meaning of a phrasal verb can be easily guessed (for example, sit down - sit down, look for - search). But in most cases its meaning is very different from the meaning of the verb with which it is formed. For example, the verb hold up can mean “to hold up” or “to try to rob someone,” but obviously has nothing to do with actually “holding” something.
What is the difference between phrasal verbs?
In a sense, we can say that phrasal verbs are the same as ordinary words, and they need to be treated as such. However, while learning English using them, some problems related to grammar may arise.
There are five types of phrasal verbs.
1. Intransitive. Without add-on:
You're driving too fast - you ought to slow down.
2. Transitive verb, whose complement can be in two positions - after the verb or after the particle:
I think I'll put my jacket on.
I think I'll put on my jacket. However, if the object is a pronoun, it must come between the verb and the particle: I think I’ll put it on.
WRONG: I think I'll put on it.
3. Transitive verb, whose object must appear between the verb and the particle:
Its high-quality designs sets the company apart from its rivals.
4. Transitive verb, whose object must come after the particle:
The baby takes after his mother.
Why do you put up with the way he treats you?
5. A verb with two objects - one after the verb, the second after the particle:
They put their success down to good planning.
Degree of formality
Phrasal verbs are less formal and are found in informal texts and spoken English.
Using informal phrasal verbs in situations that require formality (such as a business letter) may sound inappropriate and incorrect.
How not to learn phrasal verbs
Often students talk about the need to study phrasal verbs while sighing and shaking their heads. They often find this area of the English language extremely difficult and tedious. Why? Perhaps because teaching phrasal verbs has always been difficult and tedious for the teacher, and therefore tedious for the student.
In any case, you should try to avoid the following ways of learning phrasal verbs:
Through long lists (in general, a simple list of words does not engage the imagination and is a poor method for learning any vocabulary item);
By focusing solely on the verb (for example, “phrasal verbs with GET”). This usually results in a list of verbs that don't belong in any group and are just confusing.
Phrasal nouns
The idea of phrasal verbs has been expanded into the concept of phrasal nouns, where the combination of a verb and a particle means not an action, but an object. The particle can appear either before or after the verb.
input: You helped us a lot - we value your input.
standby: The projector is on standby - presentation starts in a minute.
onset: The flight was delayed due to the onset of storm.
back-up: I regularly make a backup of my computer hard drive.
If the particle comes first, then the phrasal noun is never written with a hyphen. If it’s on the second, then sometimes a hyphen is placed between two parts of a phrasal noun.
Many phrasal verbs are ambiguous: pick up chicks - 1) pick up chickens from the floor, 2) “pick up” girls.
Phrasal verbs in English (phrasal verbs) is a problematic topic, like or, and problematic not only for beginners. One of the difficulties associated with them is which phrasal verbs to learn first.
What are phrasal verbs?
A phrasal verb is a combination of a verb and 1) an adverb, 2) a preposition, 3) an adverb and a preposition. This is an integral semantic unit that should be perceived as one word, and not a combination of words. Often the meaning of a phrasal verb is far from the meaning of each word included in it individually.
1. Verb + adverb:
I asked around but no one has seen Johnny. - I asked people, but no one saw Johnny.
2. Verb + preposition:
The movie is coming out this summer. - Movie comes out this summer.
3. Verb + adverb + preposition:
We are looking forward to your reply. - We look forward to your answer.
It is also sometimes said that a phrasal verb consists of a verb and one or two particles, meaning by particles a preposition and an adverb.
Features of phrasal verbs
It is important to understand that a phrasal verb is a word, and not a combination of two or three words, that is, its meaning is not equal to the sum of the meanings of the words included in it.
Let's take a phrasal verb go out. Individually the words mean the following: go- go, out- out, out. It can be assumed, that go out- this is “coming out from somewhere.” In fact go out- this is going somewhere for a walk, having fun.
Sheila is going to go out with her college friends tonight. – Sheila is going out tonight go somewhere with friends from college.
Moreover, go out with in a certain context it is dating someone, being in a romantic relationship.
Sheila is still going out with Daniel. – Sheila is still meets with Daniel.
Another difficulty with phrasal verbs is that they are often ambiguous (just like ordinary words). At the verb go out There is another meaning, which, however, is less common in colloquial speech:
The lights go out at eleven. - Light turns off at eleven o'clock.
Combinations “verb + preposition” are not always a phrasal verb; there are also prepositional verbs (), such as depend on – depend on, be afraid of – be afraid of something. Their meaning can usually be guessed from the verb. I talked more about prepositions and the constructions in which they are used in this video:
Why you need to know phrasal verbs
Phrasal verbs are very common in spoken language. Without understanding them, at least the basic ones, you will not understand native speakers well. By the way, non-native English speakers often avoid phrasal verbs, replacing them with one-word synonyms (“contuniue” instead of “go on”), so it is easier to communicate with them.
In general, to speak and express thoughts, many phrasal verbs are optional. Yes, they make speech livelier, more conversational, shorter, but often they can be replaced with synonyms or circumvented by expressing it in some other way. Phrasal verbs need to be known first of all in order to understand live speech.
How to learn phrasal verbs
Phrasal verbs, like any words, can be taught in different ways: etc. - this is more a matter of personal preference rather than the effectiveness of a particular technique. The most important thing is that phrasal verbs need to be memorized, taking into account their context.
There are words, say, the names of household items, that are perfectly remembered without context. Microwave in any context microwave. This trick will not work with phrasal verbs; their meaning is clear only in context, and they are remembered much better when there is an example before your eyes. That is why I have prepared a list of phrasal verbs with examples - examples will help you understand and remember them better.
Another tip for memorizing phrasal verbs: don't be afraid of them. Yes, there are many of them, but they are often found in speech (in speech more often than in texts), so if you watch, listen to programs, talk, you will quickly learn the main verbs due to their frequency.
List: phrasal verbs with examples and translation + cards
The list I offer is based on common sense and personal experience - these are the phrasal verbs that I think are most useful to know. Below you will also find a short summary of this list of just 30 words. Abbreviations smb And smt stand for somebody(someone) and something(something). I have written more detailed articles about some verbs with phrasal verbs, idioms, useful expressions, you will find links below.
In addition, I recommend you video lessons and exercises on Puzzle English. There is a series of lessons on phrasal verbs, and in the exercises you need to assemble sentences by choosing the right words.
Exercises on phrasal verbs in Puzzle English
Ask
- ask smb out- invite you on a date
John asked Nancy out to (for) dinner. – John invited Nancy for lunch.
Did that nice young man ask you out?- This nice young man asked you out on a date?
- ask around– ask people, ask a question to several people
I asked around but nobody knew how to find that hotel. - I asked people, but no one knows how to find this hotel.
What? Sorry, I haven’t seen your cat. Ask around. - What? Sorry, I didn't see your cat. Ask people.
Be
- be after- try to get something, find something
What are you after in that room? There's nothing in there. - What you trying to find in this room? There's nothing here.
I don't know what he is after. - I do not know what he needs.
- be away (to somewhere)– to be absent, to be in another place
The Johnson's were away all last week to Mexico. – The Johnson family all last week was away in Mexico.
- be on\off– be on, off (about the device)
Is the robot still on?– The robot is still included?
The lights are off in the building. – Light in the building switched off.
Blow
- blow up- explode
Cars don't blow up like they do in movies. - Cars are not explode like in the movies.
Break
- break up– to separate (about lovers)
Jack and Helen broke up finally. – Jack and Helen finally broke up.
- break down– to break down (for example, about a car)
Can you give me a ride? My car broke down. -Can you give me a ride? My car broke.
- break in- break in
The police broke in and arrested everyone. – Police broke in and everyone was arrested.
- break out- escape, escape
The movie is about a guy who broke out of jail. - A film about a guy, escaped from prison.
Bring
- bring along- bring someone with you
He brought along his son to the football match. - He brought with him son to a football match.
- bring over- bring something to someone, take something with you
Jack brought over a new videogame and we played it together. – Jack brought with me a new video game and we played it together.
- bring up– 1) mention something in a conversation, raise a topic, 2) educate, raise children
I didn't want to bring up business at lunch. - I did not want mention about business at lunch.
His grandmother brought him up.- His raised grandmother.
Call
- call (smb) back– call back
I’ve been to ten job interviews, you know what they all said? We'll call you back. – I went to ten interviews, do you know what they all told me? We will help you We'll call you back.
- call by- come in for a while, visit
I wanted to call by on my way home. - I wanted come in to you on the way home.
Calm
- calm (smb) down- calm down, calm someone down
Calm down, everything is going to be just fine. – Calm down everything will be just fine.
The nurse came up to the little girl and calmed her down. – The nurse approached the little girl and calmed her down.
Chip
- chip in- chip in money
I'm gonna order a pizza, let's chip in. - I'll order pizza, let's go Let's chip in.
They each chipped in ten dollars to buy a present. - They all chipped in$10 each to buy a gift.
Count
- count on (rely on)- rely on someone
You can count on my friend, he always keeps his word. - You can rely on to my friend, he always keeps his word.
Check
- check in\out- check in, check out of a hotel
We checked in on Saturday, and we check out on Tuesday. - We let's settle down(at the hotel) on Saturday, and let's move out on Tuesday.
- check with= agree with someone, get approval
He doesn't need to check with his wife to make sure they don’t have other plans. - He needs consult (agree) with his wife to make sure they have no other plans.
Come
- come across (run across)- to stumble upon something, someone, to meet by chance
I came across my ex-wife in the grocery store. - I accidentally I stumbled at his ex-wife at the grocery store.
- come back- come back
He's gone. But he promised to come back. - He left. But he promised return.
- come up to smb\smt- approach someone or something
She came up to me and asked if I was lost. - She came up to me and asked if I was lost.
- come up with smt- come up with a solution, find an idea
And then all of a sudden Mary came up with her brilliant plan. “And then all of a sudden Mary came up with it your brilliant plan.
Just come up with something. - Just come up with anything (solution).
- come from- to be from somewhere
Where do you come from? – Where You?
She comes from Spain. - She from Spain.
- come off- fall off
Old paint has come off the wall. – Old paint fell off from the wall.
- come out– 1) come out (about a film, book) 2) open up (about a secret)
When is your new book coming out? - When comes out your new book?
It came out that the picture was fake. – It revealed, that the picture was fake.
- come over– come to someone (usually home)
My parents are gone for a business trip, come over. - My parents went on a business trip, come to me.
- Come on!– an expression with meanings: 1) come on! (encouraging) 2) let's go! hurry up! 3) stop it already! (well that's enough for you, come on)
Come on, guys, you can do it! – Let's, guys, you can do it!
Come on, we need to hurry. – Went, we need to hurry.
Oh, come on, dad, I know there is no Santa. - Dad, well that's enough for you, I know there is no Santa.
- come around– 1) visit, stop by, 2) come to your senses after losing consciousness
I live just across the street, come around some time. - I live across the street come in somehow.
He was unconscious but the doctor made him come around. - He was unconscious, but the doctor brought him to his senses.
Cut
- cut down on smt– 1) cut back, reduce the consumption of something
We'll have to cut down on water if we want to last until help arrives. - We will have to reduce consumption water if we want to hold out until help arrives.
The gevernment is going to cut down on defense spending. – The government is meeting cut costs on defense.
- cut smt off– 1) cut something off, 2) isolate
Why did you cut the sleeves off?- Why do you cut off sleeves?
On this island, we are cut off from the rest of the world. - On this island we cut off from the rest of the world.
- cut smt out- cut something out
She cut out his picture from the magazine. - She cut out his photo from a magazine.
- cut in (front of smb)– cut off with a car, suddenly wedge in front of another car
The green Ford cut in front of us as if he owned the road! – Green Ford cut us off as if it were his road!
Deal
- deal with smt/smb- make business
I prefer to deal with the same representative each time. – I prefer every time make business with the same representative.
Dress
- dress up (as smb/smt)- to dress up, to dress beautifully or formally, to change into someone or something
You don't have to dress up to go to the mall, jeans and a T-shirt a fine. – You don’t need dress up for a shopping center, jeans and a T-shirt will do.
Ellie dressed up as a witch for Halloween. – Ellie dressed up as a witch on Halloween.
End
- end up- to end up in some place or situation
That's how I ended up in small this town. - That's how I am in the end it turned out in this city.
After such a brilliant career, he ended up selling second hand cars. – After such a brilliant career, he eventually became used car dealer.
Fall
- fall down- fall
My cat fell down from the balcony, but it’s ok. - My cat fell from the balcony, but he's fine.
- fall for smb- fall in love
Mike fell for Jane. – Mike fell in love in Jane.
- fall for smt- buy into a trick, believe in a deception
That's a stupid story, my wife will never fall for it.- This is a stupid story, my wife. never do this buy it.
- fall apart- fall apart
If we are talking about a person, then fall apart - it’s hard to experience something
How are you going to sell your house? It's falling apart. – How are you going to sell your house? He's the same falling apart.
After losing my job, I was falling apart. - After I lost my job, I was not himself(I was having a hard time).
- fall behind– to lag behind
To fall behind both physically, while moving, and figuratively, for example, behind schedule.
One of the tourists fell behind and got lost. - One of the tourists lagged behind and got lost.
We have to hurry, we are falling behind the schedule. - We need to hurry, we we're falling behind from the schedule.
Fill
- fill in/out- fill in the form)
There will be a lot of paperwork, you’ll have to read, fill in, sign hundreds of documents. - There will be a lot of paperwork, you will have to read, fill in, sign hundreds of documents.
- find out / figure out- find out, find out
I don’t’ know how it works but let’s figure it out. – I don’t know how it works, but let’s do it let's find out(we'll figure it out).
How did you find out where to find me? - How are you found out where can you find me?
Get
- get along with- to get along with someone, to be on good terms
In school, I didn't get along with my classmates. - I'm at school didn't get along with classmates.
- get through- call by phone
I called you twice but couldn’t get through. - I called you twice, but I couldn’t get through.
- get in- get into the car.
Hey, we gotta hurry! Get in! - Hey, we need to hurry! Get in the car!
He didn’t see the truck coming when we was getting in his car. “He didn’t see the truck coming when sat down in the car.
- get on– board a train, plane, ship, bus
I am afraid, we got on the wrong train. - I'm afraid that we sat down on the wrong train.
- get off– 1) get off transport (car, train, bus, etc.), 2) get off, take off something
I'm getting off here, see you later! - I'm here I'm going out see you!
Get your feet off my table! – Take it away your feet off my table!
- get up\down– rise, stand up\fall, bend down
The boxer got up and continued to fight. – Boxer got up and continued the fight.
When something exploded got down, but it was just a firework. - When something exploded, I crouched down but it was just fireworks.
- get away (with smt)- to avoid punishment for something
How to get away with murder. - How avoid punishment for murder.
- get over– 1) get over an obstacle, 2) cope with a problem, illness
The cat is so fat that it can’t get over a fence. - This cat is so fat that you can’t climb over over the fence.
If you have a problem, you have to get over it. – If you have a problem, you have to deal with it cope with.
Give
- give up– 1) give up, 2) stop doing something
Fight and never give up. - Fight and never give up.
I gave up smoking. - I quit(stop) smoking.
- give smt away– 1) to give away a secret, 2) to give away, to give away (for free)
Someone gave your little secret away.- Somebody told about your little secret.
The are giving away some unsold stuff. - They hand out some unsold items.
- give back- to return
You took my phone! Give it back!– You took my phone! Give it back his!
- give out– distribute, usually free of charge and to a large number of people
You can't just give out the candies, they are one dollar each. -You can't just do that distribute candies, they cost a dollar apiece.
Go
- go on (with smt)- continue doing something
Go on, please, I’m listening. – Carry on please, I'm listening.
After a short pause, Jane went on with her story. – After a short pause Jane continued your story.
- go out- go somewhere to have fun, take a walk
I go out with my friends every Friday night. - I I'm going somewhere with friends every Friday evening.
- go out with smb– dating someone, being in a romantic relationship
Are you still going out with Bob? -Are you still dating with Bob?
- go with– approach, combine, go towards something (about clothes, food)
These shoes don't go well with your pants. - These shoes are bad combine with your trousers.
What wine goes with fish? – What kind of wine? fits to the fish?
- go back to- return to some activity
We went back to work after a short break. - We are back back to work after a short break.
- go down\up– shrink/increase
Are you expecting the prices to go down? Normally, they only go up.– Do you expect prices will they fall? Usually they only grow.
- go without smt- get by, cope without something
This time you'll have to go without my help. - This time you'll have to get by without my help.
Hand
- hand out- distribute to a group of people
Hand out the invitations to everyone. – Give it away invitations to everyone.
- hand in– hand in (e.g. homework)
You have to hand in your essay by Monday. - You must pass essay by Monday.
Grow
- grow up- grow up, become an adult
When I grow up, I want to be a doctor. – I want to become a doctor when I'll grow up.
- grow back- grow back, grow back
Don’t worry about your haircut, it’ll grow back. - Don't worry about your haircut, hair will grow back.
- grow out of smt- to grow out of something, to become too big or too old for it
My kids grew out of the clothes I had bought just a few months ago. - My children grew out of clothes, which I bought just a few months ago.
I grew out of cartoons. - I have already too old for cartoons.
Hang
- hang in- hold on, don’t lose heart
Hang in there! We're coming to rescue you. – Hold on! We are coming to help.
- hang out- hang out with someone, spend time
I'm gonna hang out with my friends today. - I'm going today hang out with friends.
- hang up- hang up, end the phone conversation
Wait! Don't hang up!- Wait! Don't hang up!
Note: pick up – pick up the phone.
Hold
- hold on– 1) please wait, 2) do not give up, hold on
Hold on, I forgot my phone. – Wait, I forgot my phone.
Hold on, guys, help is coming. – Hold on guys, help is on the way.
- hold it against smb- hold a grudge against someone
He lied to me but I don’t hold it against him.- He lied to me, but I I don't hold it against him for that.
- hold back- restrain physically
A seven nation army couldn’t hold me back. – The army of seven nations (countries) could not contain.
Hurry
- hurry up- hurry
You have to hurry up,we are almost late. - You need hurry, we're almost late.
Keep
- keep (on) doing smt- continue doing something
Instead of “doing” you can take another verb.
Keep on stirring until it boils. – Keep stirring until it boils.
Keep going, keep going. – Go-go(let's go, let's go).
- keep smt from smb- keep something secret from someone
You can't keep your death from your family. - You can not hide your illness from families.
- keep smt/smb out– don’t let anyone get close, don’t enter, don’t let in
You should keep your dog out of my lawn. - You feel better hold your dog further away from my lawn.
Keep your hands out of me! – Hold your hands from me further away!
Let's
- let smb down- let down
Don’t worry, you can rely on me, I won’t let you down.- Don't worry, you can rely on me. I don't want you I'll let you down.
- let smb in- let in, let in
Guy, let me in, it's cold out there! - Guys, let me in me, it's cold there!
Log
- log in\out– log in/log out of your account (on the Internet), log in/log out
How can I log in if I forgot my password? - How do I log in what if I forgot my password?
Log out first, then log in again and check if the game works. – Come out from the account, come in again and check if the game works.
Look
- look for- search
I am looking for a post office. - I looking for Postal office.
- look forward to- look forward to something
We are looking forward to your next visit. - We and We're looking forward to it your next visit.
We are looking forward to visiting you. - We look forward to when we visit you.
- look after- to keep an eye on, to keep an eye on
Can you look after my stuff, please? I'll be right back. - Could you look after my things please? I'll be right back.
- look up– find information (usually in a book)
I don't know this word look it up in the dictionary. - I don’t know this word look in dictionary.
- look out- to be afraid of something
Typically used as an exclamation “Look out!” - “Beware!”
Look out! Someone's coming! – Beware! Someone's coming!
Make
- make smt up- to invent, to lie about something
I had to make up a story about why I was late. - I had to compose the story of why I was late.
I told you she made it up!- I told you that she is all this I made it up!
- make out- kiss passionately and for a long time
Jack cought his girlfriend making out with his friend. – Jack found his girlfriend, kissing with his friend.
Move
- move in (to)– settle into a new home, move in
We moved in yesterday and know no one here. - We moved came here yesterday and we don’t know anyone here.
I'm going to move in to my friend's place. - I'm going to move to to a friend.
- move away (to)- leave somewhere, move out of housing
The Patterson's have moved away, but I can give your their new address. – The Pattersons moved out(moved), but I can give you their new address.
I was born in Germany but we moved away to England, when I was a kid. – I was born in Germany, but we moved to England when I was a child.
- move on- move from one thing to another, move on
I think we've talked enough about it, let's move on. - I think we've talked about this enough, let's further(let's move on to another topic).
I want to change my job, I need to move on. – I want to change my job, I need move on.
Pass
- pass away- go to another world, die
Pass away is the formal, most polite and cautious synonym for the word die (to die).
My grandfather passed away when I was ten. - My grandfather left us when I was ten.
- pass by- pass, pass by and not stop
We were passing by the City Hall, when Ann saw Harry in the street. - We passed by City Hall when Anne saw Harry on the street.
- pass out- lose consciousness
It was hot in the church and an old lady passed out. – It was hot in the church, and the elderly woman fainted.
Note: come round - come to your senses.
Pay
- pay smb back- repay a debt, repay
Morgan bought me a ticket, but I haven’t paid him back yet. Morgan bought me a ticket, but I haven’t yet. returned give him money.
- pay off– pay off
Your effort will pay off. – Your works will pay off.
Pick
- pick up– 1) pick up from the floor, 2) pick up the phone, 3) “pick up”, “pick up” (about getting to know each other)
Have you just dropped a cigarette on the ground? Pick it up!“Did you just throw a cigarette on the ground?” Lift it up!
It’s my boss calling, don’t’ pick it up. - This is my boss calling. don't pick up the phone.
“He came home with a girl he had picked up in a bar.” – “You mean she had picked him up?”- “He came home with a girl whom picked up in the bar." - “You mean which one is his did you catch it?
Play
- play along (with smb)- play along
Jim played along with Ron, when he said he was a movie producer. – Jim played along Ron when he said he was a film producer.
Don't worry, just play along ok? - Don't worry, just play along Fine?
- play around (fool around)- fool around
Aren't you too big boys for playing around? - Aren't you guys too big to fool?
The teacher was angry because we were fooling around. – The teacher was angry because we were fooling around.
Pull
- pull over- stop the car by the road, on the side of the road
We pulled over to check our tires. - We stopped by the road to check the wheels.
- pull oneself together- pull yourself together, pull yourself together
Come on pull yourself together, we have to work. - Come on already, get yourself together we need to work.
Put
- put on– put on
Put your hat on. – Put it on hat.
Put on your seat belts. – Buckle up(put on) your seat belts.
Run
- run away- run away
Tell me that funny story how you early away from a dog. – Tell them this funny story about how you ran away from the dog.
- run for- to catch up, to run after something
I lost my wallet when was running for a bus. - I lost my wallet when ran for by bus.
- run across \ run into smb (come across)- accidentally bump into someone
Ron ran across his teacher, miss Smith, in the park when he was supposed to be at school. – Ron I came across it by accident at his teacher, Miss Smith, in the park when he was supposed to be at school.
- run around- be very busy, do a lot of things
After running around all day, James is too tired to play with his kids. - After he minded business all day, James is too tired to play with the children.
- run on smt– to work on something (about a source of energy)
Does this bus run on gas or electricity? – This bus works for gasoline or electricity?
- run over smt\smb- move by car
The deer was ran over by a car. – Deer moved car.
Set
- set smt up– 1) arrange, organize, 2) substitute
Can you set up a meeting with him? - You can arrange will I meet him?
The police have set him up. They put some drugs in his pocket. - Police him framed They planted drugs in his pocket.
Note: the word “police” in the meaning of “police officers” is plural, not singular, so it is “police have”, not “police has”.
Show
- show off- to brag, to show off
He bought the most expensive guitar to show off to his friends. - He bought the most expensive guitar so that grab in front of friends.
- show up- appear, come
Show up is usually to come unexpectedly or late, like “show up” in Russian. Often used when someone was expected, but he never came.
We’ve been waiting for him for an hour but he didn't show up. “We waited for him for an hour, but he did not come.
He showed up in the middle of the night. - He showed up in the middle of the night.
Sleep
- sleep over- spend the night at someone's house
It’s too late to go back home, why don’t you sleep over? - It's too late to go home, why don't you stay overnight?
Can I sleep over at my friend's house? - May I spend the night at a friend's house?
Slow
- slow down– reduce speed
The car slowed down passing us by. - Car slowed down, passing by us.
Shut
- shut (smt/smb) up- shut up, shut up
Hey, shut up, I can't hear anything. - Hey, shut up I hear nothing.
Somebody shut this alarm up.- Anyone shut up already this alarm.
Sign
You are not supposed to write the best essay ever, but it has to stand out. – You don't have to write the best essay of all time, but it should do something differ.
The tourist guide was wearing an orange jacket so that he stood out in a crowd. – The guide was wearing an orange vest to stand out in crowd.
Stick
- stick to smt- stick to something
You can’t lose weight if you don’t stick to the diet. – You won’t be able to lose weight if you don’t stick to diets.
