How to make fuel from garbage at home. Pyrolysis plant for the production of gasoline from waste Small-scale oil refining equipment

Pyrolysis of solid waste should help earthlings cleanse the environment of debris and reduce the burden on the oil refining industry. This is a production that can provide significant income to the businessman who has established it, since the raw material is cheap garbage, of which 3.5 billion tons are generated in Russia alone per year.

Pyrolysis is the decomposition of heavy organic substances into lighter ones when heated and in the absence of oxygen. In Latin, “pir” means fire, and “lizios” means I decompose, the literal translation of the term is “I decompose with fire.” The meaning of solid waste pyrolysis (see diagram below) is that the compounds that form garbage, when heated, are broken down into substances with a lower molecular weight. As a result of pyrolysis, three main products are formed:

• pyrolysis gas (pyrolysis, pyrolytic gas or synthesis gas) is a mixture of gases capable of burning and non-flammable;
• pyrolysis (pyrolytic) oil and water. Pyrolysis oil has a different composition and can subsequently serve as heating oil or raw material for processing;
• picarbon (solid carbon-containing residue - coal).

During pyrolysis, four processes common to all types of pyrolysis occur: drying of waste (in a drying chamber), dry distillation (pyrolysis), combustion of solid residues, production of pyrolysis gas, pyrolytic oil and carbon residue.

The diagram shows that heating of some stages occurs due to the heat generated during pyrolysis.

Pyrolysis of solid waste can occur in different temperature conditions. At low temperatures, the gas output is less, and more pyrolytic oil and picarbon are formed. With increasing temperature, the equilibrium shifts towards the formation of synthesis gas.

Pyrolysis of solid waste has undeniable advantages over waste disposal by incineration. Firstly, there is no environmental pollution, and secondly, the raw material is waste, and it is noteworthy that pyrolysis processes waste that is difficult to dispose of, for example, old tires. Pyrolysis residues do not contain aggressive substances, so they can be stored underground, and such waste is generated in smaller quantities than after combustion. During pyrolysis, heavy metals are not reduced, but go into ash. The resulting products are easy to store and transport. The equipment is not massive, and it is relatively inexpensive.

Types of pyrolysis

Based on the effect of different temperatures on waste, pyrolysis is divided into low-temperature and high-temperature. The first occurs at temperatures up to 900 0 C, and the second - at temperatures above 900 0 C.

Low temperature pyrolysis. The technology for processing waste using this method consists in heating the raw materials in the mine to 350 - 450 0 C without air access, that is, in the absence of both oxygen and nitrogen. Stable temperature and the complete absence of oxygen ensure that the raw material will not burn, and there will also be no interference with the intensive occurrence of processes such as heating, melting, evaporation, and decomposition of carbon compounds. With this type of pyrolysis, it does not matter what the chemical composition of the waste being processed and what the proportion of organic substances are in it. Pyrolysis gas has almost the same composition:

• flammable component: carbon monoxide, methane, ethylene, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen;
• non-flammable component: carbon dioxide and nitrogen.

It is important that the combustible component significantly exceeds the non-flammable content, which means that pyrolysis gas can be used in the same way as extracted natural gas. The yield of the resulting flammable gas depends on the qualitative composition of the raw materials: for example, food waste forms a gas saturated with moisture, which cannot be said about plastics.

Schematic diagram of low-temperature pyrolysis

High temperature pyrolysis. Technological chain:

1. Sorting of waste with removal of large objects, non-ferrous and ferrous scrap metal.
2. Grinding and drying of selected waste.
3. Decomposition of dried raw materials to form pyrolytic gas, pyrolytic oil, slags and by-products such as Cl 2, F 2, N 2.
4. Eliminate pollutants and reduce the temperature of the resulting gas.
5. The use of pyrolytic gas to produce steam, electrical or thermal energy. Most often, this gas is used reversibly to initiate pyrolysis.
6. After storage, pyrolytic oil is sent as raw material to petrochemical plants for the production of fuels and lubricants, fuel oil substitutes and firewood.

Schematic diagram of high temperature pyrolysis

Pros and cons of solid waste pyrolysis

Positive aspects of low-temperature pyrolysis:

• there is no urgent need to sort hydrocarbon residues (even completely unsorted waste yields twice as much pyrolysis gas as compared to food waste alone);
• city ​​landfills act as a source of raw materials for production;
• absence of toxic sulfur and nitrogen oxides.

Disadvantages of low temperature pyrolysis:

• complex design of large furnaces;
• high cost of stoves;
• the need for a large number of workers;
• There is no complete breakdown of dioxins contained in raw materials;
• heavy metals do not melt, but precipitate along with the slag.

Advantages of high temperature pyrolysis:

• you can process raw materials with a small amount of flammable materials;
• the resulting gas rises from the bottom up and passes through a layer of debris, which is supplied from above. At the same time, the gas does not capture dust particles, which is the key to its purity;
• pyrolysis gas is similar to natural gas, and it is advisable to use it to generate thermal energy, and at small power plants to generate electricity;
• pyrolysis gas is easier to purify from unnecessary impurities (if any) due to the low temperature;
• since the process takes place in the absence of oxygen, the pyrolysis gas does not contain dangerous dioxins formed during the combustion of hydrocarbons;
• if during pyrolysis a liquid fraction is obtained (from old tires, for example, pyrolysis oil is formed, which is not quite accurately called synthetic oil), then it is used as a substitute for petroleum products;
• ash does not contain unoxidized carbon and has a low temperature, which allows it to be used, for example, in road construction.

What waste can be processed using pyrolysis

Note! MSW - municipal solid waste - different substances that cannot be reused in human household activities without treatment.

Solid waste is a mixture of substances of organic and inorganic origin that have different properties. In Russia, waste is not sorted. However, abroad, and in our country too, there is a tendency to reduce the share of food waste in garbage and increase the share of packaging materials: plastic, cardboard, paper. Studies have shown that approximately 30 percent by weight and 50 percent by volume of solid waste comes from packaging material. And 13 percent by weight and 30 percent by volume of packaging material falls on the share of plastic products, the vast majority of which are plastic tableware. The organic component of garbage is divided into:

• compostable (kitchen waste, sawdust, tree bark and branches, wood chips, old newspapers, cardboard);
• non-compostable (plastics, rubber, leather, discarded old tires, cables, viscous pasty waste such as motor oil, oil sludge, soil contaminated with fuels and lubricants).

Compostable and non-compostable components of waste are subjected to pyrolysis.

Pyrolysis equipment for waste processing

Modern equipment can operate using raw materials obtained from almost any type of organic waste using its own energy. A mandatory component of the pyrolysis apparatus system is the reactor.

Interesting! Initially, the first pyrolysis devices appeared in Russia in the nineteenth century. In those days, kerosene was pyrolyzed to make gas and gasoline, which were used for lighting.

Processing of raw materials is carried out in the reactor zones (diagram below):

• at the top the temperature is maintained at 100 - 200 0 C and here the raw materials dry out (stage No. 1);
• in the middle, at a temperature of 1000 - 1200 0 C, thermal decomposition of the organic mass and its coking occurs, while part of the carbon burns with the release of heat, maintaining the desired temperature (stage No. 2);
• at the bottom, the solid residue is cooled to a temperature of 100 0 C, the remaining carbon burns out and is converted into ash - picarbon, carbon (stage No. 3);
• removal of pyrolysis products for storage and reuse (stage No. 4).

Currently, the industry offers the following types of equipment for pyrolysis of solid waste:

If you simplify industrial pyrolysis mechanisms and use non-volume devices, you can create a small pyrolysis installation that can be used for personal purposes by ordinary people. In everyday life, using this installation, you can obtain thermal energy, and in industry, you can obtain popular chemical products.

Video about the operation of a pyrolysis plant located in Tatarstan, about the technology of the process, and about the advantages of this method of recycling solid household waste:

Pyrolysis plant

As an example of a pyrolysis plant, let us consider the technology for processing solid waste at the SHAH mini-plant “POTRAM - MSW”. The production technology at this plant is built using separate modules:

• for sorting, grinding and composting solid waste. The production site measures 50m long, 30m wide and 12m high;
• drying the compost;
• formation of synthetic pyrolysis oil;
• obtaining distillates from pyrolysis oil;
• purification of distillates to Euro-4 purity level.

The modular design of the plant makes it possible to adapt to completely different types of solid waste.

Before processing, waste at the plant undergoes radiation control; large pieces of waste are crushed (the size of the crushed particles should not exceed 250 mm in diameter) and composted. Compost contains up to 60 - 65% water, so it enters a low-temperature pyrolysis unit to remove moisture. Next, this material is sent to a high-speed pyrolysis installation, where it is mixed with solid waste ash, which is formed here and has a high temperature of about 800 - 850 0 C. The mixture enters the reactor, which rotates slowly. In this reactor, the mixture without oxygen is heated to a temperature of 460 - 490 0 C.

Thermal decomposition of heavy organic molecules occurs with the formation of light hydrocarbons, which then condense, and with the release of non-condensable gases (hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide and others), a solid carbonaceous residue and ash are also formed.

Under the conditions of this technology, very fast, almost instantaneous heating of compost devoid of moisture occurs, which is ensured by a highly efficient energy supply.

The advantage of the system is the reduction of thermal energy losses, since it is not dissipated into the surrounding space. In order to start the reactor, you need ordinary propane, and it takes only 4 hours to warm up.

The mixture of vapors and gases obtained in the reactor enters the next module, where hydrocarbon vapors undergo condensation, forming a liquid pyrolysis component. Inorganic substances evaporate or go to chemical plants for further modification. The gas that has not undergone condensation is sent back to the cycle, where it is burned, and the generated heat is reversibly used in the reactor.

The liquid component of pyrolysis is sent to a warehouse to be later sold as feedstock at petrochemical enterprises, as fuel for cars and locomotives, as a substitute for fuel oil and heating oil in thermal power plants and boiler houses.

The solid residue flows from the reactor into the aerial fountain furnace, where it is burned in the air flow. The resulting heat is used to warm up the ash - the coolant. Hot ash enters the reactor, helping to decompose organic matter.

Thus, recycling of solid waste by the pyrolysis method is an effective solution for recycling waste, since this method allows you to extract thermal energy and valuable products from waste, while practically not polluting the natural environment.

A pyrolysis plant is a device that allows you to completely solve the problem of disposal and processing of solid household waste. The advantage of the equipment is environmental friendliness and safety of use. As a result of continuous pyrolysis, unclaimed raw materials are converted into high-quality, in-demand materials.

Stationary pyrolysis plant

Pyrolysis-type equipment for processing solid waste is a block structure with a fairly voluminous chamber located in the center. The upper part of the device has loading holes through which the raw materials required for disposal enter.

The system includes pumps of various capacities. The installation is also equipped with:

• capacitors
• fans, above which throttle valves are fixed
• water compartments
• reactor
• boot block
• unloading modules
• Schwelch mines
• gas analyzers
• air heating devices
• smoke exhausters

The reactor of the device has a sealed loading door. It can be rectangular or round in shape. The latter option is considered more convenient to use. The diameter of the opening corresponds to the size of the reactor - from 2.2 to 2.8 meters. The number of nozzles in the device depends on the model of the pyrolysis unit.

Characteristic

Stationary pyrolysis units are equipment with high technical performance:

• productivity - more than 120 cubic meters. m per hour
• operating temperature – 230 degrees
• pump power – 4 watts
• pressure in the system – more than 40 Pa

Stationary equipment contains smoke exhausters of various diameters and a protective system of the PP20 series. The shutters in this design are installed only in the central section of the chamber. A single loading of raw materials in such units can range from 4 to 20 tons.

The working process

Using a pyrolysis plant, waste is quickly and completely recycled to produce various high-quality materials. The process of modifying unclaimed raw materials is performed in the following sequence:

1. Municipal solid waste is delivered through the loading door. After the required amount of raw material has arrived, the compartment is hermetically sealed.
2. Using a diesel or gas burner, the reactor is heated to a temperature of 300-400 degrees. The thermal process promotes the formation of oil fractions. Some models may use another type of fuel - wood or coal.
3. When oil gases enter the separator, the process of condensation of heavy particles of pyrolysis oil occurs. After this, molecular cleavage of the product occurs in the catalytic column, which leads to the formation of a large amount of light oily fractions.
4. The converted gases enter the shell-and-tube refrigeration compartment, where, after cooling and condensation, they are accumulated in the fuel chamber. All remaining flammable components contribute to the further pyrolysis process.

Upon completion of processing, the equipment cools down. The cooling time of the system depends on the size of the device and performance features, on average it is 2 - 4 hours.

Through an automatic unloading system, carbon enters special storage tanks. Then, through the working doorway, the metal cord is taken out, which is rolled into a roll during processing. This property makes the process of removing it much easier.

After extracting all pyrolysis products, you can load the second portion of raw materials for processing.

What materials can be recycled

In a pyrolysis installation, it is possible to completely recycle the following household waste:

• plastic – bags, bags, bags
• paper – waste paper, factory residues
• rubber waste – shoe soles, chewing gum
• cable – telephone, PVC, with rubber insulating coating
• tires – mopeds, trucks, bicycles, products with nylon cord

Bottles, plastic car parts, old carpets, metal-plastic parts, waste oils, and fuel oil can also be subjected to pyrolysis treatment.

Before recycling, waste is sorted. The selection of raw materials is carried out according to granular composition and type. To enhance the pyrolysis process, the material is dried and crushed.

As a result of processing the following products are obtained:

• carbon – 30 – 40%
• pyrolysis oil – the percentage depends on the weight of the loaded waste and averages 20 – 65%
• metal cord – formed as a result of modification of tires and tires
• mixture of pyrolysis flammable gases – 10%

The waste conversion process also releases small amounts of water and steam. All pyrolysis products find their application in many industrial fields.

Ground carbon is used in the manufacture of dyes and rubber. In this case, waste tires are used for recycling.

Pyrolysis oil is converted into gasoline or diesel fuel through distillation.

Homemade equipment

Making a waste recycling plant with your own hands is not easy. Assembling the structure requires certain knowledge and skills. Initially, a large camera is selected. A loading opening with a door is formed on top.

To set the required temperature regime, throttle valves are used. A condenser, a fan, and then a pump are installed, and below it is a welding shaft. Water tanks are mounted at the bottom of the device.

Homemade installation of a pyrolysis installation requires accuracy and compliance with all technological requirements. Not only the quality of waste processing, but also the safety of using the equipment depends on the correct assembly of the structure.

Pyrolysis plants are fully automated devices that ensure complete recycling of solid waste. The technology of thermal processing of unclaimed raw materials makes it possible to obtain high-quality products that are successfully used in various industrial sectors.

There are many interesting things in this world that we pass by without even noticing. Familiar objects can sparkle with different colors if you look at them from a different angle. Take gasoline, for example. According to the majority, it can only be made from oil. Knowledgeable people can add coal, synthesis gas to this, and it is even possible to obtain gasoline from garbage. Each of these options is attractive in its own way and deserves consideration. But attention will be paid only to the last of them.

Introductory information

First of all, the question arises about the source materials. The most suitable for this matter are plastic bottles and plastic. Although almost anything that oxidizes can be used as garbage. Cigarette butts, paper, household waste - all carbon-containing raw materials can be used to produce fuel. Since we are interested in how to create gasoline from garbage at home, we will not delve too deeply into the topic and will consider the simplest option.

How is this possible?

In general, not only gasoline can be created from carbon-containing raw materials. Heat, gas, synthetic fuel - there are many options. But to master the topic, it is better to concentrate on the “plastic-gasoline” connection. Why is this possible? As all educated people know, plastic is made from recycled petroleum. In other words, if you have a plastic bottle in your hands, then it is simply a solid, necessary raw material. But few people think about this. How are they dealt with after use? Usually bottles are simply thrown away anywhere. By the way, they are made of high quality plastic (after all, they are intended for use in the food industry), which, as already mentioned, is made from petroleum. That is, the material necessary to obtain a decent result changes its shape. But if you look at the chemical indicators, it is still suitable for making fuel.

Basic chemical processes

What is the purpose of the above information? How will it help you get gasoline from garbage? So, we already know that plastic is solid oil. Gasoline can be obtained from it through distillation. Scientifically speaking, it is necessary to carry out a chemical pyrolysis reaction. Drawing parallels, this is the same as in the case of distilling mash into moonshine. It will be difficult to obtain high-quality gasoline from garbage at home with a high octane number. But the fuel can be used for combustion, refueling a chainsaw, lawn mower, motorcycle, or car.

How does pyrolysis proceed?

First of all, you should always take care of safety precautions. Remember - its rules are written in the blood of those who ignored them. You also need to be concerned about the environment. Pyrolysis is a distillation process that occurs with plastic without oxygen and under the influence of temperature. What needs to be done for this? The plastic is placed in a container, which is then heated. During this process, gas is released. Further along the tube it rises to the refrigerator. Condensation occurs. The gas turns into liquid, namely fuel. This is exactly how a plant for producing gasoline from garbage works. Just like in industrial plants, several fractions can be obtained in this way. diesel fuel, sorbent and something similar to fuel oil.

Fuel Application

So we looked at the simplest option on how to make gasoline from garbage. But no matter what negative consequences arise in the future, a number of features should be mentioned. So, it is necessary to ensure that a pure substance is obtained. It is very good if you have some knowledge of chemistry. This applies to the process itself, preparation of equipment and many other points. After all, it may happen that the final product will negatively affect the performance of the engine and force you to more often turn to the services of repairmen. Fortunately, it is not difficult to obtain A-92 in this way. Although, it should be noted that such a limitation does not always exist. So, if you want to refuel a new motorcycle, then you need to monitor the quality of the fuel. For a walk-behind mower, you can lower the requirements. And when it comes to obtaining thermal or electrical energy, then the main thing here is that the resulting substance burns - everything else is secondary.

Industrial equipment

Basically, we looked at how to do everything with our own hands. Gasoline from waste is of interest not only to individual enthusiasts and scientists, but also to industrialists. And although this direction is not big now, it is gradually developing. A special feature of industrial installations is the large volume of processing, as well as the fact that they are aimed at environmentally friendly activities. That is, carbon-containing waste is not thrown into the external environment, but is used to obtain material values. In addition, industrial installations can be used for the purification of reservoirs, wastewater, and land reclamation. The output is synthetic motor fuel, heat, electricity, technical and distilled water.

Other approaches to achieve your goal

Finding enough plastic, let alone plastic bottles, can be challenging. Therefore, it is relevant to use other available options with the source material. But no matter what you choose, you will always have to work with synthesis gas. What else can be used as a starting material to produce fuel? These include: garbage, firewood, leaves, pallets, peat, nut shells, chaff, straw, corn cobs, sunflower stalks, weeds, reeds, reeds, old tires, medical waste, dry bird and animal manure and much more. True, if there is a desire to make a universal installation, then it needs to be modified.

Improved unit

Converting waste into gasoline from almost any feedstock requires the creation of two separate processing reactors, and this does not include the place where the synthesis gas will be released. As a rule, it is designated as a gas generator. The resulting product is then transferred to the first reactor. It must contain a copper-zinc-aluminum catalyst. Thanks to it, the gas turns into dimethyl ether. The liquid is then transferred to a second reactor. Its feature is the presence of a zeolite catalyst. And the output is A-92. If all technical requirements are met, it will be even cleaner than at a gas station. From ten kilograms of garbage you can get a liter of 92 gasoline.

Environmental aspect

If the technology is violated (for example, there is no tightness), then the production of gasoline from garbage will not go according to plan. So, at the very first stage it will be difficult to release the gas. In subsequent stages there is a risk of poisoning from fumes. If the technology and safety precautions are followed, then the installation will generate only neutral ash as waste, which will not contain poisons. However, it does not generate smoke. It all turns into synthesis gas. After passing through catalysts, it turns into dimethyl ether and gasoline. Separately, it is worth mentioning the high-temperature decomposition of garbage, which is expressed in the so-called two-second rule. What is it about? The most dangerous poisons (furans and dioxins) will not be destroyed unless they are heated to 1250 degrees Celsius and held in this position for a period of two seconds. By the way, recyclers cannot always overcome the barrier even at 900 degrees. Whereas the use of a gas generator allows you to reach a level of 1600. Thanks to this, the smoke turns into flammable gas. And the environmental friendliness of the installation increases compared to conventional methods.

Starting the mining process

If you want to try to create gasoline using a stream, then you can wish it luck. It should be noted that this is not as unsuccessful as it might seem at first glance. But let's talk about everything in order. Initially, it is necessary to select the source material and develop the technology for it. What to choose? You can use plastic bottles. But upon careful analysis, it becomes clear that collecting them is problematic. In addition, you will have to pay for raw materials.

What could be a worthy alternative? For example, car tires. They are much easier to find. In addition, they have a negative value. In other words, owners pay extra to have used tires disposed of. And what do we have as a result? It is easier to collect a ton of tires than the same amount of plastic bottles. In addition, they pay extra for them. But the benefits don't end there. Thus, tire pyrolysis can be carried out without a catalyst. Whereas with plastic this will not work. In this case, the presence of a catalyst is mandatory. True, in the case of tires, pyrolysis oil is obtained, which must be converted to high-quality fuel.

Obtained from industrial waste

The production of gasoline from waste does not need to be considered solely in a household manner. For example, on an industrial scale, this can be done from coal, as well as dumps that are obtained from their extraction in mines. The first option involves gasification and has been known for quite some time. The most cited use case is the behavior of Nazi Germany during World War II. Then there was a significant need for fuel with a modest amount of oil. To satisfy such requests, it was decided to actively use coal gasification technology. After the end of the war, the emphasis shifted to oil as an easier solution to process and use. But as the price of black gold increased, research in this area intensified. Moreover, the calculation is not always based on using exclusively basic raw materials.

Second life of industrial waste

What is this for? When the same coal mines are mined, there is always a certain amount of unused raw material that ends up in dumps. And this situation has been observed for decades. Very often local residents take advantage of this, additionally sorting out the dumps. For example, in the Donbass, a common situation is when waste from coal mines is sorted for valuable raw materials to heat a room. But not only individuals can do this in terms of satisfying their own needs. Quite popular is the industrial sorting of dumps with the separation of the raw materials contained in them. It should be noted that this is not such an unattractive matter as it might seem at first glance. So, when there is a conversation about a well-organized search of dumps, we are usually talking about making millions in profits. From this point of view, places near coal mines are a real treasure trove. Raw materials from dumps can be used both as fuel and as material for further transformation.

Conclusion

That's all the general information you need to know about how gasoline is produced from waste. If you want to try your hand at this field on your own, then the data provided should be enough to decide in which direction to move and what to work with. Of course, the most desirable raw material is one that contains a significant portion of the carbon component. Although certain problems may arise at the implementation stage. For example, the purchase of tires for their subsequent distillation into gasoline is limited by the amount of used material that the population has on hand. If the scope is expanded, greater knowledge and skills will be required. And don’t forget about safety precautions. It is one thing to obtain a liter or two of fuel, and quite another to operate on an industrial scale, measuring the final product in tons.

The higher the level of civilization, the more waste. Our ancestors would be very surprised at the amount of varied packaging that surrounds us. Unfortunately, all this very quickly becomes waste, polluting the environment.

However, a truly highly developed civilization is characterized not only by the level of production and consumption, but also by environmentally friendly thinking. After all, household waste, if properly processed, can become as high in calories as traditional fuel. In countries where waste recycling technologies are well developed, waste recycling accounts for up to a third of all heating energy sources. with its cool climate.

Using waste to generate thermal energy is a fairly understandable process. More interestingly, solid, liquid and gaseous fuels can be obtained from waste.

Solid fuel

Solid fuel obtained from waste is characterized by low cost and high calorie content. The combustion of such fuel causes much less damage to the environment compared to the combustion of traditional coolants, and there is practically no waste left. In addition, processing waste into solid fuel helps preserve natural resources - brown and hard coal, petroleum products, wood.

Therefore, advanced recycling enterprises are increasingly replacing the combustion of solid waste with the production of solid fuel from it. It is more economically profitable.

The easiest material to recycle and the most suitable material to use is paper. Even if you don't subscribe to newspapers, you probably receive a lot of junk mail, outdated documents, bills and other waste paper. If you save up all this paper, you can turn it into a useful product with little effort. Cardboard from unnecessary boxes will also come in handy.

1. Grind the starting material well. An office shredder is best suited for these purposes - you don’t have to tear the paper with your hands or cut it with scissors.
2. Place the trimmings in a bowl and fill with warm water.
3. Use your hands to crush the paper to make a paste. An industrial or even a regular kitchen blender will cope with this task even better.
4. Wait 10-12 hours, then strain the paper through a sieve or squeeze it by hand.
5. Pour the mixture into the mold and press well to remove any remaining water and form a briquette.
6. Place the mold in a warm place to dry for a few days before removing the briquette.

The resulting briquettes can be used for a fire at a picnic, for a fireplace or a home stove. They are lightweight, burn much longer than regular paper, and provide a lot of heat.

Synthetic diesel fuel suitable for internal combustion engines can be produced from ordinary waste. Using fuel from recycled materials does not harm the environment, since its combustion only releases carbon dioxide. And the flammability of such fuel is no worse than that of conventional fuel.

Almost the majority of objects around us are products of oil refining:

• plastic products;
• polyethylene;
• synthetic fabrics;
• various cosmetics;
• and many other household items.

This means that all these things, having served their useful life, can again become petroleum products.

The most suitable raw material for liquid fuel is plastic. It can be subjected to distillation or, in scientific terms, pyrolysis, that is, subjected to heating without access to oxygen. One kilogram of bottle plastic produces about one liter of fuel.

How to make liquid fuel from garbage with your own hands

First of all, you need to take care of safety: there should be no flammable materials around the experimental field.

1. We take a used tire and cut it into small pieces.
2. Having prepared a fireproof container with a lid, attach a heat-resistant tube to it.
3. We load the pre-prepared raw materials into the container.
4. We take the end of the tube into the second vessel. The second vessel must have two tubes:
   — for receiving liquid fuel;
   - for the removal of gases.
5. The third vessel is a condenser. Fill it with water. Its lid should also have two tubes. The end of the first tube should be located two centimeters above the bottom.
6. We connect the gas exhaust tube to the condenser tube lowered under water.
7. We bring the second condenser tube under the first vessel and connect it to the gas burner.
8. Another main burner will heat the first vessel.
9. The pipe coming from the first vessel needs to be cooled. This problem can be solved by placing it in a larger diameter pipe through which water will flow.
10. We start the installation for processing waste into fuel: light the main burner, start supplying water to the cooling circuit. As the rubber heats up, it turns into steam. Passing through the pipe, it cools, condenses and flows into the second vessel.
11. During the reaction, together with oil, we obtain associated gas. It flows through the outlet tube to the bottom of the condenser. From here it goes to our second burner. Let's set it on fire.
12. After the rubber in the first vessel runs out, turn off the burners and water supply.

We won’t be able to produce high-quality gasoline, but such fuel can easily be used to fuel a chainsaw or be used for heating.

Liquid fuel can be obtained not only from rubber tires; the following are suitable for this:

• old wood and sawdust;
• leaves, straw, weeds;
• nut shells and corn cobs;
• dry manure;
• peat, gas.

The installation for processing all types of waste into real gasoline is more complex, but its production at home is quite possible. We will need two reactors and a gas generator. The first reactor must have a zinc-copper-aluminum catalyst. Thanks to this, the gas obtained as a result of heating the garbage will be converted into dimethyl ether. The second reactor must contain a zeolite catalyst (aqueous aluminosilicate of sodium, calcium and other metals). This way you can get pure gasoline of excellent quality, which can be used to fuel any car.

Obtaining fuel from garbage at home is a task that is entirely within the capabilities of a thrifty owner with technical skills. Instead of disposal costs and environmental pollution, we get a useful product made by ourselves. Besides the obvious economic benefits, this process can be very exciting.

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How it works?

The waste passes through the gas generator and turns into synthesis gas. Then the gas passes into the first reactor with a copper-zinc-aluminum catalyst and turns into dimethyl ether, and then into the second reactor with a modified ZSM-5 catalyst and the output is 92nd gasoline, cleaner in quality than at a gas station (10 kg of garbage = 1 liter 92 th gasoline).

Fuel types

Not only garbage can be used as a raw material, but also the following waste: firewood, pellets, leaves, seed husks, nut shells, peat, firewood, chaff, straw, corn cobs, sunflower stalks, reeds, reeds, weeds, old sleepers, coal hard coal, brown coal, charcoal, plastic, old tires, dry animal and bird manure, waste from city sedimentation tanks, dirty mouse and transformer oils, plastic bottles, medical waste, etc.

Environmental friendliness

After installation, only neutral ash remains, devoid of any poisons. During operation of the installation there is no smoke - all the smoke turns into synthesis gas, which, after passing through the catalysts, turns into dimethyl ether and then into gasoline. The main difference between the installation and waste incineration plants and enterprises is the high-temperature decomposition of waste. The so-called 2 second rule. The most dangerous poisons - dioxins and furans - are not destroyed unless they are heated to a temperature of 1250 degrees and held for 2 seconds. Not all incinerators and disposal facilities can exceed 900 degrees Celsius. As a result, enormous expenses are incurred on the exhaust gas purification system. The gas generator heats the garbage to high temperatures up to 1600 degrees, as a result of which all the smoke in the gas generator turns into an inflammable gas - seen in the photo on the right. It is precisely thanks to the property of burning even the smoke that comes out of the chimney in ordinary installations that makes the gas generator 30% more efficient than similar waste heaters.

My history

It all started in 2013 when I first saw on the Internet the Discovery film from the eco-inventors series - “Cars on Wood.” At that moment I decided, no matter what, to make a car that runs on wood. At that time, I did not understand anything about the technology of gasification of solid fuels - three years later I wrote my own book on gas generators and filmed 4 educational video courses and teach training for industrial enterprises. But then everything was in a fog. For a long time and in vain I searched on the Internet for a person who could make a car using wood; there were no specialists. Today, many of my students, having purchased video courses and received consultations, are converting old Lada cars into firewood. In 2013, there was no one to ask. I spent months visiting scientific institutes and calling different cities, trying in vain to find specialists. There was nothing on the Internet, neither a person nor a ready-made prototype. The only person I was able to contact was Grigorich, who did not have much experience in creating industrial gas generators. I experienced the expression “science in the country has collapsed” firsthand.
I paid for the creation of the first prototype at my own expense.

THE MOST PROFITABLE BUSINESS: PRODUCING FUEL FROM GARBAGE.

I gave away my car to experiment with it. Here's a video of my first ride in this car. At this time, almost all the central television channels came to me and many people wanted to repeat my experience, so Andrey, who lived in the same city as me and had already made a car using charcoal, contacted me and offered to meet. I took a video camera with me - here is a video of our first meeting and my test drive of a third model Lada on wood. I have long had the idea of ​​making a gas generator hidden in the trunk. And we agreed with Andrey that I would finance the creation of another prototype on his car but hidden in the trunk.
The most amazing thing is that almost a month later the prototype was made and tested, while I created my first prototype for a whole year. The rapid creation of a prototype was made possible by the already accumulated experience of both and the burning desire to do everything quickly. Put all your affairs aside and deal with only one issue. Here are two videos with the prototype hidden in the trunk: first and second. The process of creating prototypes was not like Hollywood films, when the main character assembles a motorcycle or a car to the music in five minutes. Puzzles had to be solved every day. Daily difficulties led me to thoroughly study all the existing literature, and not only domestic literature, on the topic of gasification and I have accumulated a solid library. It’s funny to say - I even managed to find typos, errors and inaccuracies in serious books published by scientific institutes. I re-read the books so often and recalculated the formulas again and again.
Now, to design a gas generator, you need to use 150 formulas with hundreds of indicators, and this is not the limit. I began to know by name the scientists and companies involved in gasification, and today I am friends with many of them and we help each other. The accumulated experience resulted in a book I wrote. I decided to write it for the reason that all the existing literature was written by respectable scientists who were not worried about whether ordinary people would understand what was written there and whether a simple guy, if he wanted to assemble a gas generator, would not understand anything. The book was a success and received good reviews. Then I decided to combine modern technologies with a gas generator in order to improve the device many times over, so the fourth version of the gas generator was born, I bought a Volga car specifically to conduct experiments.
The creation of the prototype was delayed due to the outbreak of war in southeastern Ukraine. Just at this time I was asked to help create an industrial gas generator and I went abroad, where in 5 days I assembled an oka using wood. The car went into operation 10 seconds after ignition and accelerated perfectly, I really liked how it all turned out. Here is a video of her testing. When I uploaded this video, 50,000 people watched it in one day, and today I have one and a half million views on my YouTube channel. At the same time, while I was making a Volga on wood, testing modern electronic developments both on a gas generator and on a car, it was decided to make a gas generator for the home. Which would provide gas at a time when the gas is turned off or it is incredibly expensive. In addition, the gas generator could work with a 5 kW gas generator during a power outage. Current, heat and electricity from wood. In this prototype, I tried to implement all the knowledge I have accumulated and make it as cheap as possible,
simple and convenient for mass production by an industrial enterprise. Thin, cheap and light metal 1.5mm thick from which the entire structure is assembled. Thanks to this, the weight of the device is not very large, about 50 kg, even despite its impressive dimensions. One load of fuel is enough for approximately 10 hours of operation. The total production cost is $100-200. It was decided to create this device for another reason. At the time when I was making cars using wood and all the country’s TV channels from central to regional were actively coming to me, my phone was ringing off the hook and many of the requests that I heard came from enterprises that wanted to produce my gas generator themselves. The video courses I made were intended for wood-burning machines and used the most available parts. Cylinders, fire extinguishers, etc.
I did this on purpose so that those making a gas generator for their car would not have difficulty finding materials. So that all materials are very cheap and accessible. This option was not suitable for enterprises, because... The bunker for my models was a 50-liter used propane cylinder. Filters - used fire extinguishers. Who can find hundreds of cylinders and fire extinguishers a day? It's complicated. Enterprises needed clear drawings that were easy to manufacture and weld. In addition, when creating a gas generator, there are hundreds of nuances that you need to know about. This is how a training for enterprises was born in which I teach how to mass produce gas generators. Here is a video about this device.
Now about the most important thing. All the time I was creating gas generators, I was haunted by the Fischer-Tropsch technology. The ability to make gasoline from synthesis gas. In fact, this is the same gas with the same composition that I have and the scientists of Hitler’s Reich. All I have to do is learn how to make synthesis reactors and select the correct composition of catalysts. In general, you need to become a specialist in catalysis and petrochemistry. For all three years, this thought was spinning in my head, I did not let it go, and one day I managed to reach a group of scientists from the Academy of Sciences who explained to me that the Fisher-Tropsch technology was yesterday, today there is a more promising technology that is 70% more effective. This means the gasoline yield will be higher and everything will be easier to do. This is how I became acquainted with the technology of producing gasoline from synthesis gas not through methanol, but through dimethyl ether. I saw with my own eyes the finished small reactors from which the scientists I named were already obtaining gasoline at the institute. This is simpler, possible and more affordable to make than thirty-meter pipes in the case of Fischer Tropsch technology. By the way, here in the photo on the right are ready-made domestic prototypes that produced gasoline - from 26 liters per hour. Do you know what's the funniest thing? When I decided to delve into the solution to the problem and began to study the literature, it turned out that the entire reaction consists of three chemical formulas. When I opened this I was in a good mood all day. Why you may ask. Because it took me years to overcome gasification, because... the creation of one device involves calculations using more than 150 formulas, but in this case everything is ten times simpler. I told myself - you are on the path to success. And I decided to start making a prototype, but ran into a financial issue. Again I need money and this time tens of times more than what I spent on creating gas generators. Then I invested thousands of dollars, now I need to invest tens of thousands of dollars. That's why I need your help. In order to go all this way, check, simplify, make cheaper, improve, you will again need time and money, and the more money you have, the faster everything will work out. I ask for your financial help so that I can make a compact reactor, no larger in area than a Lada car, from which gasoline would flow from several liters to several tens of liters per hour. Gasoline is much cleaner than what is sold at gas stations, because... there is no sulfur in it. High-quality 92nd gasoline. You can read about this technology on the Internet, it’s called gas to liquid or GTL for short. Maybe among you there are wealthy business owners who would be interested in working with me and making large, commercial factories for the production of hundreds of liters of gasoline per hour from garbage or wood waste, etc. raw materials - I'm open to suggestions, my drawer [email protected] Maybe you would like to produce such mini-factories and want me to teach you how to do this, I think that for those of you who donate more than $2000, I am ready to hand over the drawings and conduct training on how to create such a device yourself or make devices at your enterprise. But only after I can create and test it.

For donations

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About me: Sergey Lagunov, since 2013, I have been converting cars for firewood, both my own and for others, writing books and filming video courses on gas generators. I own the most complete library on gasification. I know the names of all Russian and Ukrainian speaking scientists who, like me, are involved in the theory and practice of gasification. If you have a rare modern or Western book on gas generators, I am ready to exchange with you for a rare book from my library.

Press about me, as well as my publications and videos:

Worn tires are almost not subject to natural decomposition, which means that sooner or later they should be disposed of. Tires cannot simply be burned - such “disposal” of even one ton of products is fraught with “enrichment” of the atmosphere with centners of soot and toxic gases. In addition, this is simply a pointless waste of resources, because thanks to modern technologies, waste tires can be profitably processed, for example, into fuel. Let's consider a case of opening a company specializing in the processing of tires into fuel oil.

Tire recycling as a business is a unique type of activity, since virtually no costs for raw materials are required. Moreover, in many cities, municipal authorities even pay for the recycling of tires. As for the resulting fuel oil, this is a product that is constantly in demand.

Fuel oil (pyrolysis oil): scope, consumers.

As a result of the tire recycling process, a dark oily liquid is released (30-40% of the total mass of raw materials). This is the so called pyrolysis oil, its chemical properties are similar to those of fuel oil and heating oil. It can be used in industrial furnaces, heat generators, boilers. In addition, the pyrolysis liquid is processed to produce higher quality fuel oil, diesel fuel or gasoline.

Potential Buyers

• boiler rooms;
• industrial enterprises;
• owners of private houses.

Equipment

To open this business you will need the following tire processing equipment (basic):

Almost all pyrolysis plants present on the domestic market are of Russian or “post-Soviet” origin.

How people in St. Petersburg learned to make diesel fuel from tires

Their cost varies from one million to ten million rubles.

For example, a mini-plant for processing tires "Potram-Avtotiny-Classic", which not only cuts and processes car tires into pyrolysis oil, but also turns it into diesel and gasoline distillates, will cost from 7,500,000 rubles. This plant is capable of processing 15-20 tons of raw materials per day.

From the same manufacturer you can also purchase a conventional installation for producing pyrolysis fuel SHAH (from 2,000,000 rubles), with a capacity of 5 tons of raw materials per day.

The cost of hydraulic shears NS-400, capable of cutting both passenger and truck tires, is 300,000 rubles.

A fuel storage tank with a capacity of 10,000 liters will cost 220,000 rubles.

Example of production organization

Let's consider an enterprise that processes tires into fuel (fuel oil) using a SHAH pyrolysis plant with a capacity of 5 tons. According to its technical characteristics, up to 400 kg of pyrolysis liquid should be obtained from one ton of raw materials.

To start a business you will need an investment of 4.6 million rubles:

• Purchase of a pyrolysis unit “SHAH” - 3,000 thousand rubles.
• Hydraulic scissors - 300 thousand rubles.
• A tank with a capacity of 10 thousand liters - 220 thousand rubles.
• Tools, consumables - 280 thousand rubles.
• Delivery, installation, commissioning - 300 thousand rubles.
• Other expenses (coordination, connection to electrical networks) - 500 thousand rubles.

With an operating mode of 30 shifts per month and 100% equipment utilization, the installation produces 60 tons of products.

The properties of the resulting pyrolysis oil correspond to heating oil. The average wholesale cost of this fuel is 9,500 rubles per ton (current price as of 02/12/2013).

With this option, monthly revenue will be 570,000 rubles, the net profitability of the activity is 50%. The return on investment at 100% line load will be 16 months, and at 50% load 32 months.

Victor Stepanov, 2013-02-22

Recycling waste (MSW) into fuel

The road of civilization is paved with mountains of garbage. This is not surprising, because the consumption of the benefits of civilization is constantly growing, and with it the amount of waste is growing. Colorful packaging, disposable products and much more that is made for mass consumption invariably turns into waste.

And, as life experience shows, no matter how much you manage to compact a garbage can, you will still have to take out the garbage. This means that there is an urgent need to invent new ways of recycling waste.

You will be surprised, but in essence, household waste, which is a mixture of organic substances of various origins, is nothing more than a high-calorie fuel, not inferior in energy to traditional brown coal. To confirm these words, one can turn to the experience of Western European countries, where in recent years the problem of solid waste disposal has been solved most successfully. For example, in Copenhagen (the capital of Denmark), about 30% of the heat for district heating systems is obtained through thermal waste recycling!

Considering household waste as a renewable energy source, we primarily take into account the economic interest of the population. Given the constant increase in energy tariffs, household waste as a type of alternative fuel is becoming more relevant than ever.

By obtaining energy from garbage, we simultaneously solve the problem of recycling solid waste and obtain cheap, one might say, practically free thermal energy, which can be used to provide municipal heat resources. Well, the use of modern waste disposal technologies in the process of solving the problem of waste disposal will reduce the negative impact that landfills (MSW) have on the environment.

What types of fuel can be obtained from ordinary solid waste.

If everything is quite clear and predictable with the thermal energy generated during the thermal processing of waste, then we move on. You will be surprised, but not only energy, but also fuel can be obtained from waste. Fuel obtained from ordinary waste can be:

• Gaseous (biogas containing methane)
• Solid
• Liquid

So, let's look at the methods by which these types of fuel are obtained from solid waste in more detail.

Gaseous fuel can be obtained primarily from organic waste. In developed countries, where biogas technologies are quite well developed, entire residential neighborhoods are heated using gas obtained from food and plant waste.

Therefore, it is not surprising that waste processing plants are currently being created in various countries, equipped with special storage facilities for the proper disposal of solid household waste in order to obtain biogas from it. However, it is worth noting that gaseous fuel is difficult to transport, and therefore it is usually used directly at the site of its extraction to produce thermal and electrical energy.

Solid fuel from MSW (or RDF) is a high-calorie fraction consisting of household waste. This type of fuel has found wide application as a cheap substitute for combustible minerals.

Russian innovations from Tomsk: Aist-200: gasoline for 4 kopecks a liter. Fuel from garbage

It can replace resources such as:

• brown coal
• coal
• petroleum products
• wood

The replacement of fossil fuels with similar solid fuels from household waste has been one of the most striking indicators of the modern technical level for many years. This trend is most clearly evident in the cement industry.

Today, many cement plants use solid fuel from waste in the technological process, so they are the main buyer of this raw material. However, in addition to such enterprises, RDF can use heat and power plants. Recycling waste (MSW) into solid fuel is very promising, since the negative impact on the environment arising from the combustion of such fuel is relatively low compared to the combustion of traditional coolants.

The undeniable advantages of solid fuel from solid waste include its constant (not changing) calorific value and standard form. All this significantly simplifies the management and control of combustion processes, since the use of this fuel ensures the highest quality combustion, which is also practically waste-free. It is not surprising that recycling waste by producing solid fuel from it and then burning it (instead of the traditional combustion of solid waste itself) is today one of the most effective ways of recycling waste.

They learned how to produce liquid fuel from solid waste relatively recently, but the result exceeded all the expectations of scientists, because the output was synthetic diesel fuel, which can be used in internal combustion engines. Moreover, it compares favorably with diesel fuel obtained from oil refining, since it does not contain sulfur, which clogs engines, which negatively affects their durability.

The use of fuel from solid waste not only significantly extends the service life of the engine, but also has a positive effect on the environment, since the waste product from the combustion of such fuel is carbon dioxide, which is converted into oxygen during photosynthesis. Well, the fact that the flammability of this fuel is no worse than that of a traditional diesel engine, it is not surprising that such technologies are beginning to become more widespread.

what is Kievan Rus

Pyrolysis plant for tire recycling. Pyrolysis is a waste-free technology for waste disposal.

Pyrolysis of tires, tires, plastics and other waste allows the disposal and processing of toxic waste into fuel, carbon and steel cord. The pyrolysis plant is simple and effective. Investments in pyrolysis equipment pay off in less than a year; when purchasing equipment on lease, the payback period is reduced to several months. The pyrolysis plant does not require numerous personnel. To service a horizontal pyrolysis installation, 3-4 people are required at the time of loading (3 - 5 hours depending on the volume) and a person on duty during operation. The service life of a pyrolysis reactor made of heat-resistant steel with a thickness of 16 -18 mm is about 7-8 years. The reactor can be supplied from heat-resistant stainless steel. After 7-8 years of operation, the reactor is replaced with a new one. The remaining installation components do not require replacement. The installation uses automation Siemens.

It is possible to lease equipment for 2 - 5 years, down payment 10 -15%, increase in price 5 -12% per year, currency - rubles.

Pyrolysis of waste. Depending on the temperatures and materials, low-temperature pyrolysis and high-temperature waste pyrolysis plants are used.

Low-temperature pyrolysis is a process of waste decomposition without air access at temperatures of 300-600 ° C. This method is characterized by the maximum yield of liquid products. During the pyrolysis process we obtain fuel and other valuable waste. Our installations use a catalytic pyrolysis process to increase the efficiency and speed of the process. In the installations at the output we receive heavy and light fuel fractions, non-condensable fractions - gas is used to heat the pyrolysis furnace, therefore only initial heating is necessary for the pyrolysis furnace to operate. After the pyrolysis process begins, the released gas is used for heating. If you purchase 2 units and they work together, the excess gas in one pyrolysis unit is used to start the pyrolysis process in the second unit. There is no need for any additional type of fuel at all. The pyrolysis plant is equipped with a 4-stage gas purification system. Price list for pyrolysis plants.

High-temperature pyrolysis occurs at temperatures of about 1000-1400 degrees and is characterized by maximum gas yield. High-temperature pyrolysis is one of the best ways to process municipal solid waste, MSW, both in terms of environmental safety and the production of synthesis gas, slag, metals and other materials that can be widely used in the national economy. High-temperature gasification makes it possible to technically simply process municipal solid waste without its preliminary preparation, sorting, drying, etc.

Waste equipment - advantages of pyrolysis:

• Pyrolysis equipment is the optimal solution for waste processing. Pyrolysis is little sensitive to the type of raw material and is capable of processing unsorted municipal solid waste, sewage sludge, oil residues, paper pulp, mixed plastics and shredded car residues, rubber and tires, wood waste, hospital waste, etc. The plant's automation adapts to changes in the composition of the waste .
• There is no combustion waste, the pyrolysis plant has excellent emissions of harmful substances such as dioxins, the level of which is lower than those established by the relevant legislation.
• The installation does not produce wastewater.
• No highly qualified personnel are required, the installation operates automatically.
• There is a large reduction in the volume of waste for disposal.
• Harmless production residues can be used in the future, in the production of tires, road construction, etc.
• The pyrolysis plant is easy to operate and maintain, and also the fact that the pyrolysis plant provides itself with the energy necessary for operation (required only for start-up), while the excess generated steam and/or electricity is supplied to an external consumer.

Pyrolysis machines are available in 2 versions: vertical and horizontal. From us you can purchase horizontal pyrolysis machines for processing waste tires, etc. and vertical machines for processing waste oil and petroleum products.

Advantages of horizontal pyrolysis plants:

• The material is mixed in the reactor, which accelerates the pyrolysis process.
• No crane beams are needed to unload retorts.
• The workshop may have a smaller height.
• Large dimensions of the installation's loading doors.
• Possibility of automating loading; the loading device can have a diameter equal to the machine door.
• Fully automatic carbon unloading, a device for unloading steel cord, a small number of maintenance personnel (3-4 people), especially high savings are obtained with high installation productivity or the purchase of 2 or more units.

Pyrolysis of rubber and tires.

Pyrolysis of rubber and recycling of car tires is the most popular area where horizontal pyrolysis plants are widely used. Large reactor volume from 12 m3 to 50 m3, large loading doors from 2.2 to 2.8 meters in diameter, automatic unloading of the installation, and a small number of maintenance personnel make horizontal installations the most profitable to use for these purposes.

Pyrolysis of plastic.

• Plastic pyrolysis is another popular area for using pyrolysis machines. What is especially important is that plastic decomposes in a pyrolysis machine without the formation of dioxins. In this case, the yield of pyrolysis fuel is about 65% of the weight of the plastic. When supplied with a dechlorination unit, it is possible to process plastics with PVC impurities.

• Pyrolysis of waste

• In pyrolysis plants it is also possible to process cable residues, leather (pre-treatment equipment is supplied),

• Pyrolysis of waste oil and petroleum products

• It is possible to process waste oil in horizontal pyrolysis units 10 -15% of the unit load volume, in distillation units or in oil regeneration units.
• We offer 2 types of oil processing plants.

A series of distillation plants that allow you to process 5 to 50 tons of oil per day into standard summer diesel fuel and AI 92 gasoline.

Installations for regeneration of oil properties with a capacity from 62 to 2000 liters per hour. These installations make it possible to obtain oil with properties close to the original oil.

• As a result of pyrolysis, the following products are obtained:

The working process:

Raw materials are loaded into the loading inlet, and depending on the volumes and material, a loading conveyor can be supplied. Then, the reactor of the pyrolysis machine is heated with a gas or diesel burner, at the customer’s choice. When the temperature reaches up to 350 ° C to 400 ° C, the pyrolysis reaction begins in the reactor. Light and heavy components will be separated from the resulting oil gas. The light component is cooled in the condenser and accumulated in the fuel tank; flammable gases also remain in the system, which cannot be liquefied; they are returned to the heating system for combustion. The pyrolysis machine is equipped with a gas purification system in the heat supply system of the machine. We can offer you the following size range of Pyrolysis machines with different capacities:

We can offer you the following size range of Pyrolysis machines with different capacities:

№	Name	Power kW.	Volume reactor m3/hour	Volume downloads tons	Volume per day tons	Quantity downloads in a day
1	LL-2200-6000	11	22	5 — 6	9 — 10	3 in 2 days	82000	92000	88000	98000	108000
2	LL-2200-6600	11	25	7	10 -11	3 in 2 days	84000	94000	91000	101000	111000
3	LL-2600-6000	16	32	8	8 -10	1 per day	110000	124000	118000	121000	131000
4	LL-2600-6600	16	35	10	10 — 12	1 per day	120000	134000	128000	142000	154000
5	LL-2800-6000	17	37	10	10 — 12	1 per day	125000	139000	135000	149000	164000
6	LL-2800-6600	17	40	12	12	1 per day	135000	149000	145000	159000	175000
7	LL-2800-7500	22	46	16	15 -16	1 per day	150000	165000	162000	177000	195000

* — price of a pyrolysis unit without adaptation to cold climates. Heating of the installation with coal, wood.

** - price of a pyrolysis unit without adaptation to cold climates. Heating of the installation with multi-fuel burners operating on diesel fuel, pyrolysis oil, and fuel oil.

*** price of a pyrolysis plant with a cooling system adapted to cold climates, without an outdoor pool.

Heating of the installation with multi-fuel burners operating on diesel fuel, pyrolysis oil, and fuel oil.

**** — price of a pyrolysis unit with a cooling system adapted to cold climates, without an outdoor pool and a cooling system that allows the use of heat generated by the unit for heating the workshop. Supply ventilation system. Heating of the installation with multi-fuel burners operating on diesel fuel, pyrolysis oil, and fuel oil.

Standard operating cycle of a pyrolysis machine.

№	Machine operation hour.	Cooling down hour	Unloading hour.	Duty cycle hour.
1	LN-2200-5100	1,5-2	6-7	2	1,5-2	12
2	LN-2200-5100	1,5-2	6-7	2	1,5-2	12
3	LN-2200-5100	1,5-2	6-7	2	1,5-2	12
4	LN-2200-5100	1,5-2	6-7	2	1,5-2	12
5	LN-2200-6000	2	7	2	2	13
6	LN-2200-6600	2	8	2	2	14
7	LN-2600-6000	2-3	10	2 — 3	2-3	19
8	LN-2800-6000	3	12	4	3	22
9	LN-2800-6600	3	12	4	3	22
10	LN-2800-7500	4	12	4	4	24

We provide a 1-year warranty on the machine, and a 14 mm thick stainless steel reactor. 3 years, other parts of the machine do not need to be changed throughout its entire operating period, with the exception of wearable components and parts.

The composition of the pyrolysis machine includes

1. Reactor heating system
2. Thermally insulated pyrolysis machine body
3. The pyrolysis reactor is made of stainless steel 14 mm thick.
4. Machine control panel.
5. Catalytic column
6. Container for the heavy fraction of pyrolysis oil
7. Pyrolysis gas cooling system
8. Container for the light fraction of pyrolysis oil
9. Water seal
10. Water cooling system. It is possible to use the heat generated during the pyrolysis process to heat the air in the workshop in winter
11. Built-in fan and valve system.
12. Chimney
13. Smoke exhaust fan
14. Exhaust gas purification system
15. Gas burner
16. Speed ​​reducer
17. Automatic soot removal conveyor
18. Service platforms
19. Roller for unloading steel (cord)

Once upon a time, diesel fuel, or in common parlance - diesel fuel, was one of the cheapest and most accessible types of fuel among petroleum products. Nowadays, the situation on the petroleum products market has changed, and diesel fuel is no longer so accessible and cheap. What to do if you need a relatively small amount of diesel fuel, but the price for it is not satisfactory? The solution is simple - prepare the fuel yourself at home. For this, school knowledge from a chemistry course and some ingredients and equipment will be enough.

Diesel fuel at home - devices and components:
To make diesel fuel at home you will need:

• power unit running on diesel fuel;
• methanol;
• used vegetable oil;
• alkali;
• distilled water;
• tap water;
• alcohol;
• pipette.

Diesel fuel at home - preparation instructions:

First of all, you will need to filter the used vegetable oil. You can use an oil filter for this procedure, or you can simply remove burnt food debris from the oil with a fork.
The second step in preparing diesel fuel is its purification. In order to clean the oil, it must be heated to no less than a temperature of +450 0C. As soon as water begins to rise to the surface of the oil, it must be removed immediately.

The next stage of diesel fuel preparation is a procedure called tetrification. It is necessary to determine the amount of alkali that is needed to produce fuel. To perform this procedure, it is enough to dissolve one gram of alkali in one liter of distilled water. After this, in a separate container you need to mix 10 ml of alcohol and 1 ml of oil. When the alkali is completely dissolved, the solutions are mixed. At the same time, the pH level is constantly monitored. His ideal level is 8-9. You can make sure that there is enough alkali by looking at the pink color of the litmus paper.
Most experts in preparing diesel fuel at home believe that the normal amount of alkali is 6-7 grams per liter of oil.

Therefore, you need to work in glasses and special protective clothing.
After these manipulations, you need to add one liter of vegetable oil to the resulting mixture. In this case, it is imperative to take into account previous calculations related to the required amount of alkali. Mixing should not take longer than 15-20 minutes. If you did not remove all the water from the oil when cleaning, a so-called “soap layer” will appear on the surface of the mixture, which will be very difficult to remove.

The next step is to prepare sodium methoxide by mixing alkali with methanol. Vegetable oil is heated to a temperature of 1500C and mixed with the previously obtained sodium methoxide. The resulting substance is mixed for at least 30 minutes and then settled for 8 hours.
And now the diesel fuel is almost ready. All that remains is to wash it from soap residue. The easiest way to do this is to wash the surface of the fuel with ordinary tap water. Water dilutes the glycerin particles and dissolves with them in the fuel. Now - another 12 hours of settling to dry out excess water on the surface, and that’s it - diesel fuel at home is ready!

If you do not find the information you need, use the search on our website, the entrance to which is located in the top control panel.

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Section: Do it yourself Tags: Diesel fuel at home