A large number of summer residents and owners of private houses today are in search of a cost-effective and simple option for bringing water to the site. One way is to drill a well. You can carry it out with the help of a mini drilling device, assembled by yourself.
Installation types
The drilling rig can be stationary, mobile and portable. The latter is also called small-sized. It is this mini installation that is used for domestic needs, for example, for drilling water wells within a personal area.
The small-sized drilling rig, in turn, has several more varieties. The experts have identified the following:
- The UKB installation, operating according to the shock-rope principle, consists of a frame with a triangular base and a cable with a chisel and a bailer fixed on it;
- A drilling rig that removes soil using an auger without flushing the well with water;
- Rotary installations based on the principle of hydrodrilling;
- Manual rotors using manual labor instead of electromotive.
The latter type of drilling rig for drilling water wells is used infrequently, since manual labor costs are very high. Percussion-rope drilling is based on the destruction of the soil by a load thrown into it. The cycle is repeated until the target depth of the well is reached. The rotating drill simultaneously facilitates and complicates the process.
Why? The reason is that rotation reduces physical effort, but the design is complicated, its dimensions are increased, that is, it takes more time and materials to install it. It is not always possible to make the latter with your own hands, so you have to buy in a store or even order. But the labor costs are worth it, because as a result you get enough professional equipment that you can use in the future and outside your site.
Advantages of MGBU
In addition to compactness, a small-sized drilling rig has several other undeniable advantages, among which it is worth noting:
- Ease of transportation;
- Lower cost than self-propelled units;
- Ease of installation work and speed of preparatory actions;
- Materials and equipment are in the public domain;
- Possibility of connection and operation of the drilling rig from the generator;
- No need for a large number of employees;
- Small size and weight;
- The ability to use when installing the foundation and other works of the zero cycle.
Shock rope type
In order to make such a mini drilling rig for drilling water wells with your own hands, according to the drawings, you need to assemble the following structures:
- Collapsible bed;
- Impact cartridge;
- Bailer for excavation.
Optionally, for more efficient loosening of the soil, jagged cutouts can be added at the bottom of the "glass". But this condition is not necessary, you can leave the surface smooth by sharpening it. From above, in any case, holes are needed, with the help of which a rope is attached to the cartridge. To be able to clean the face from loosened soil, you will need a bailer, which effectively manifests itself even on clay soils. The photo shows a home-made type of element that loosens and extracts soil masses. In addition, for the complete assembly of the device shown in the video, you will need:
- Strong rope on which the cartridge is suspended;
- Frame, which serves as the basis for fastening all other elements;
- Winch with motor for easy operation.
Automatic drilling device
The electric drive drilling rig provides economy of forces and time. The electrical network feeds the mechanism of the drilling device, which makes it more efficient, and the work is of high quality, since the soil is removed faster and more accurately. The elements of the electrical installation indicated in the drawings are as follows:
- bed or frame;
- control Panel;
- winch;
- swivel;
- gear motor;
- drilling hoses.
The electric drilling rig, as shown in the photo, has a base in the form of a hollow square-shaped profile. Do-it-yourself rack and supporting elements are made from it, the dimensions of which are taken from the finished drawings. Then the rack and support are connected by welding. The support platform is transitional. On a larger square profile, an electric motor and a platform are fixed, which can move along the rack together.
We increase power
The power of the automatic electric drilling rig does not exceed one horsepower. But this value can be increased. It is enough to install a gearbox, on the shaft of which a flange is mounted with another flange already fixed on it with bolts. A rubber washer of the required thickness is placed between the flanges and takes on part of the shock loads, smoothing them out.
This helps to avoid problems during drilling. An electric drilling rig cannot fully operate without water. It must be applied to a place where the soil is in contact with the elements of the device. You can feed using a special device that is placed just below the level of the gasket between the flanges.
The drilling device is really necessary in the country or in a country house. In addition, the presence of such a device is justified by its relatively easy assembly when studying all the technology, as well as the possibility of reusable use even outside the site, that is, for your business. The main thing is that the drilling mechanism does an excellent job of drilling wells, so your site is guaranteed to be provided with a constant and high-quality water supply.
Recently, many companies have appeared that sell small drilling rigs. This is due to the fact that the cost of the finished plant is low, and the demand for it is consistently high. In order for a do-it-yourself drilling rig to be of good quality, the master will have to learn how to use different tools, as well as repair them.
Even a novice driller can master the frame and carriage. These tools will definitely have to be used in the manufacturing process. Various stones and other hard rocks are found in the bowels of the earth, which is why the instrument often breaks. This cannot be avoided, so the driller must learn how to repair it.
A small-sized drilling rig does not differ in characteristics from those offered by factory manufacturers. Power will depend on the motor.
Advantages of a homemade installation
- The quality of a factory drilling rig is often lower than a home-made one, as sometimes there are shortcomings
- Savings due to low cost.
- The absolute identity of all the characteristics that the factory setting has.
Manufacturing technology
Owners of country houses often use two types of drilling: rotary and impact. Small rotary drills are quite complex and only work well in soft ground. Large ones are more practical, you can work at an angle, but they are difficult to implement and costly.
Hammer drilling is much easier. An impact bit is placed in the well, which destroys the rock.
Drilling cable-impact type
Such an installation is compact and mobile, and also has a good margin of safety. You can work on it alone, but it is better to invite a partner, it will be more reliable.
To make a drilling rig with your own hands, you need to have a grinder, a drill, a welding machine and a set of necessary tools. In order to save money, some parts of the drilling equipment, such as the swivel and tips, can be made on the machine or ordered from a specialist.
To facilitate the workflow, the unit can be connected to a gearbox. A cable is attached to it, on which a cartridge or bailer is attached. The main part of this type of installation is the cartridge. To make it, you need to have a piece of thick pipe with a diameter of about 100 mm. At the bottom, you can make pointed edges to better loosen the soil.
To secure the rope, several holes must be made. In length, the cartridge can be from 1 to 2 m. The bailer should be quite heavy.
In order for the drill to rotate, another piece of pipe, approximately 1.5 m long, must be attached to the female tee. The tee can be screwed onto a special rod with a length of 1.5 m. The drill must be deepened into the ground and rotated three times. After that, you can remove and clean from the soil. This process should be done until the hole is 1 meter deep.
A properly constructed water well is a reliable and autonomous source of water supply for a private house or cottage. The organization of private water supply is not always caused by the lack of a central water supply. The reason may also be interruptions in its supply, poor quality of water in the main, high cost, depreciation of the water supply network, shortage and other factors.
Almost all owners of country houses or summer cottages have an autonomous source of water. Another thing is that their choice may be different. Some prefer the well, some prefer the well. This article is dedicated to those who stopped at the well.
Types of wells and installation
Well on the sand
This type gained immense popularity due to the low cost of work and the ability to do all the work manually. In terms of design, a sand well is a single column with a filter at the bottom. The debit of this well can be 10-150 cubic meters. per day. As a rule, the drilling depth is limited to 15 meters (when drilling with a machine - 35 m). For pumping water, a pumping apparatus or a hand pump is installed. The operating time is usually 12-20 years.
Artesian well or limestone well
It doesn't happen very often. The reasons are: the need for permission for the drilling project in the local authorities (for example, Vodokanal) and the high cost of the work. The design feature of the well is more complex. She has two columns- working and casing. The latter is attached to the limestone, the first - directly in the limestone itself. The well for limestone has a higher debit of 12-45 cubic meters. per hour (depending on the diameter of the pipeline) and an operating time of about 50 years. Drilling is done with the help of special equipment and the depth can be up to 350 meters.
Since do-it-yourself drilling rigs are supposed, we will consider in more detail the arrangement of wells for sand, as the most affordable in terms of independent construction.
Well Depth Determination
A shallow well (up to three meters) is done when the aquifer is located close to the surface of the earth, and the water will be used only for irrigation or technical purposes. To drill this well, a hand pump, a casing pipe and a drill are sufficient.
A medium-deep well (up to seven meters) will allow you to have drinking water. To make a drilling rig with your own hands, in addition to the drill, you will need a shovel and time to equip the pit. Pit, dimensions 2x2x2 meters used to facilitate the drilling process to great depth. To facilitate the work, it can be fixed with boards or plywood. After completion of work, the pit falls asleep. Water is taken in by a pump.
A deep well (more than seven meters) will make it possible to fully cover the need for water for all residents of a cottage or private house. Moreover, there will be enough water not only for individual use, but also for technical purposes, irrigation, sanitary requirements, maintenance of a pond or pool.
In general, the choice of the type of water intake will be determined after a geological survey of the well construction site. We propose to study in more detail the last option - the construction of a deep well with your own hands, as the most difficult of those described.
Well drilling options
The above types of wells (this does not apply to “lime” or artesian wells) can be drilled using the following technologies:
Drilling project
In the case when the depth of the aquifer is accurately determined can be drilled directly with casing bit length. If not, you must first find out how deep the water layer is.
That is, each borehole is an individual project and it is influenced by the following characteristics:
- selected drilling option;
- depth of the aquifer. This does not mean the first layer to which the drill has reached, but the one that meets the conditions of use in terms of ensuring the debit of the amount of water;
- geological structure of the soil;
- the requirement to maintain the required distance to the locations (setting the "sanitary zone");
- requirements for water quality and quantity.
Necessary tools for a drilling rig
Since we are talking about the percussion-rope method of manual drilling, it is necessary to highlight its main advantages:
- low requirements for the qualification of the driller and ease of installation of equipment;
- no restrictions on the place of drilling. You can manually drill almost anywhere in the area;
- maintaining most of the usable land area in its original state. That is, heavy special equipment will not damage the plantings in your territory.
For work you will need:
- container with water;
- drill with reinforced edge. Recommendation: you can strengthen the drill by welding the drill bits onto the screw, their role can be played by elements of a metal shank or a file. In addition, the incisors can be sharpened using a grinder;
- shovel;
- a pump with a hose like a "baby";
- land cart.
For the drilling rig will also come in handy:
- metal wire for the filter;
- gravel or gravel for a pillow;
- wire for the filter device at the bottom;
- pipes.
Pit arrangement and site selection
With the help of specialists or folk methods (barometric method, dowsing, using silica gel, exploratory drilling, by the amount of dew, etc.), we determine the area where the aquifer is located closest to the ground.
Then we dig a hole. This is a working of the earth of a certain depth, the purpose of which is to simplify the drilling process. Pit construction is an important stage for several reasons;
- The possibility of collapse of the earth around the well is not allowed.
- The drilling depth is reduced directly by the drill.
The dimensions of the pit are chosen by the driller, but, as a rule, they are 1.5x1.8 and 1.8-3 m deep. In order to prevent the earth from crumbling, the pit is reinforced with metal, boards or plywood.
Drilling Options
Tripod
A tripod is a cable-impact mechanism for drilling. The support structure is needed to simplify the drilling procedure through the use of a drill glass.
The tripod can be made of wood (knots are not allowed) or a profile pipe. The length of the pipe or beam should be about 4.5-5.5 m.
Then a mechanical winch with a cable is fixed to the tripod, where the drill glass is attached.
This drilling rig is quite small and has a sufficient margin of safety. The principle of operation of the mechanism is quite simple: the glass, sinking into the ground, absorbs the soil. Taking into account the composition of the soil in one blow, you can get 0.30-1.2 m of land. You can simplify the work by pouring water into the drilling site. Periodically drill glass needs to be cleaned from the stuffed earth.
The cable where the drill is fixed must be longer than the size of the well. Otherwise, it will break, and the drill will fall to the bottom.
The casing pipe can be installed simultaneously with the passage to the depth or after all the work done.
Drill and casing
During drilling, the casing can be installed at the same time. In this case its diameter must be greater than the size of the drill so that it can move freely in the pipe.
When doing work, it is necessary to constantly monitor the moisture content of the earth being removed so as not to miss the aquifer (otherwise it can simply be closed with a pipe).
Then, when an aquifer is discovered, it is necessary pump out dirty water to determine if there is enough water in that layer. What is a manual or submersible pump used for? If, after pumping out several buckets of dirty water, clean still has not gone, then it is necessary to drill further to a more capacious core.
The pump is not designed for these operating conditions, therefore, after water treatment, it may break. It is best to use a quality pump.
Well casing
For casing plastic or steel pipes can be used(working time up to 50 years). But the installation of galvanized pipes is undesirable, because of the risk of water pollution with zinc impurities.
The main task of the casing installation is as follows:
Installation of the casing pipe is done immediately after completion of work or right during drilling.
Flushing the well and installing a bottom filter
The installation of the casing pipe does not end the matter. Then you need to flush the well. Why is a pipe inserted into it, through which water is supplied under pressure. Due to the pressure of water, a layer of sand and clay will come out of the well, which must be pumped out. When clean water appears, it must be handed over for research. Quality requirements are regulated by SNiP 2141074-01. With normal water quality, you can drill a well with your own hands further.
The main purpose of the bottom filter is to protect the pipe from silting. How to make a filter?
DIY you can make a slotted filter. Why is it necessary to make notches at the end of the pipe with a grinder.
For notches it is necessary to choose a thin circle (0.7 mm). Pay attention - a large number of notches will make the pipe weaker.
As one option, you can make holes in the pipe. Then the place of drilling / notches must be wrapped with mesh or wire. Lay the filter obtained in this way on a pillow of crushed stone, the filling of which will not allow the filter to clog.
The size of the filter pipe must be smaller than the size of the main pipes, so that it can be lowered into the well without problems. The easiest way is to buy a ready-made filter.
Without a filter, the well will not work for long. Its absence is possible only in deep-sea wells (more than 50 meters).
Debit and buildup of the well
In order to get a complete understanding of the capacity of the well, you must wait a day, and then find out the level of incoming water. When the incoming water is sufficient for the needs of use, you can fill up the space between the casing and the soil. The hole also needs to be covered.
The buildup of the well is also an important stage. To make a buildup or just the final cleaning of the well it is necessary to install a powerful centrifugal pump and from time to time pump out water for 14 days.
It is necessary to first determine where to redirect the pumped water.
Pump installation
Please note that surface pumps are not suitable for installation in a well due to a specific depth limit of 9 meters. For this suitable for submersible pump- vibrating or centrifugal. Each of the types has its own advantages, and you can finally choose if you analyze the influence of such factors:
- water level;
- well depth;
- debit;
- casing size;
- downhole pump price;
- water pressure.
Putting the well into operation
When the well was drilled not by one's own hands, but with the help of a third-party company, the following documents must be requested before accepting work:
- well passport;
- hydrogeological conclusion on the implementation of the project;
- act of work done;
- permission of the sanitary and epidemiological station.
When all the work will be done by hand, then in this case the main thing is not to rush, but carefully watch the instructional video, observe all the main points of the drilling process and withstand the technology. And remember that only the choice of high-quality materials (including the pump and pipes) will be the key to long-term operation of the well.
Almost every owner of a country house has to deal with such an issue as water supply. A very relevant option today is a do-it-yourself drilling rig. This solution allows you to save a significant amount of money, since in this case you will not need expensive professional services.
You can assemble a water drilling rig with your own hands if you strictly follow the instructions.
How to make a drilling rig yourself?
Making a drilling rig with your own hands is quite difficult, but quite possible. The main thing at the same time is to strictly follow the rules and basic recommendations. You can get an idea about the types, features and principles of operation of a drilling rig by reading the instructions on how to make a drilling rig with your own hands. There is a certain sense in this, since the cost of professional equipment is quite high.
In order to make parts of the drilling rig yourself, you will need:
- Welding machine.
- Bulgarian.
- Drill.
- Standard set of hand tools.
Among other things, be prepared for the fact that when making drilling rigs with your own hands, you need a lot of patience and perseverance. Drilling rigs may differ in the way they are made. As for the operation of a do-it-yourself device, it is not intended for large-scale construction work. Here, as you understand, one cannot do without specially designed large-sized and expensive equipment.
Before deciding to make a drilling rig yourself, you need to consider some working conditions. We are talking about the manufacture of such important elements of a drilling rig as a rod and a swivel; here you cannot do without the help of specially designed machines with a CNC system.
The main advantages of using a borehole
- Access to underground water supply.
- The simplest, and for those who will face such a task for the first time, it will not be difficult to find a special guide with which the well will be completed as efficiently and quickly as possible.
- Despite the expensive elements required for the device, the systems pay for themselves, as a rule, quite quickly. A self-made drilling rig is undoubtedly a profitable solution to the issue related to the water supply of a country house.
Independent production of a drilling rig
Types of drills: 1 - spoon drill, 2 - coil drill, 3 - coil, 4 - drill bit.
The drilling tool can be made in several ways. Each of them has certain characteristics. In addition, when making a choice, one should take into account some features of the manufacture of the constituent elements. What type of drilling rig is the most optimal and profitable option for you, it's up to you. The main thing at the same time is not to overestimate your capabilities, and also take into account the main characteristics of the soil, the drilling of which you have to. So, drilling rigs can be of several types:
- Spoon drill device. The use of such a drill is most appropriate when drilling soil, the basis of which is clay and sand. For the manufacture of such a drilling device with your own hands, there are two options. Each of them requires a bucket cutter. The lower right part of the spoon should be made in the form of a transverse ledge. The left side is a cutter. The spoon is made of a durable steel pipe with a suitable diameter.
- Self-made coil drill. Its design can be compared with a wood drill. In most cases, such drilling devices are used when drilling soils consisting of clay, as well as for dense loams. Drilling with a serpentine drill occurs on the principle of a corkscrew. When it rotates, the soil is gradually extracted. In order to provide the blade with maximum strength, it must be hardened. The incisor should resemble a swallow's tail. It is worth noting that ice fishing drills are excellent for drilling land.
- Making a drill bit with your own hands. This type of drilling rig is most often used in order to drill hard rocks of the soil. In this case, an angle of 110-130º should be observed. In the event that the soil belongs to soft rocks, the angle should be from 30 to 70º. The shape of the bit can be any, in most cases it depends on the type of soil on which the borehole is to be drilled.
For self-made drilling rigs, special die forging is required.
To do this, you need one-piece blanks.
During the manufacture of bits, the use of specially designed closed furnaces is required, which are equipped with a reducing atmosphere, heavy forging equipment, technological equipment, etc. Production does not allow the use of welding, since such a chisel cannot be strong.
The main elements of a do-it-yourself drilling device include:
- A rod designed for drilling soil.
- Blade drill.
- Swivel.
The bar and its device
The bar performs the function of rotation (manually or mechanically). Due to this, the rotation is transferred to the drill itself. Drilling fluid is supplied through a hose running along the rod.
The standard rod length is 1-1.7 m. If desired, the length of the drilling rigs can be increased. To carry out the build-up of the drill, special locks with a rectangular thread are required.
Bladed drill and the principle of its device
Drilling rigs designed for rock drilling are in most cases equipped with a pair of blades.
There are several types of drills:
- Boers-bailers. As a rule, they are used to drill a borehole in loose, clastic rocks. In addition, they are the best option for drilling wet soils. Very often bailers are used for cleaning wells, for which a chisel was used.
- Drilling rig device. It is presented in the form of a tripod, its most optimal height reaches 4.5-55 m. The center is a place for installing a rope block. When percussion drilling is carried out, a special balancer is used, which facilitates the work process. Thus, the tool is raised to a certain height together with the rods, after which it is abruptly thrown into the place of impact drilling. The balancer is high-strength wood beams or boards (sixties).
How is the swivel arranged?
The swivel is one of the most important elements that make up a drilling rig. It performs the function of supplying drilling fluid to a special hose that runs along the rod. If you unquestioningly follow the recommendations of experts, it is better to purchase a swivel in a specialized store. The fact is that the manufacture of this element requires the most accurate processing, for which home conditions are not enough.
In order for a self-made drilling rig to meet all the requirements, it is very important to follow all the recommendations. The service life can be quite long if it is used strictly for its intended purpose (i.e. for working with acceptable rocks). Among other things, a do-it-yourself drill requires proper development.
Creating your own water intakes in your summer cottage has become not just a trend of the times, but an absolute necessity. Due to the high demand for such objects, their prices are also rising. You can rent a drill and do the necessary work in a few days, but you need to remember that the technical condition of the unit cannot be determined by a non-specialist in appearance. As a result, the situation is very likely that you will have to pay for the broken mechanism and the work will not be done. The simplest MGBU installation can be bought for about 60,000 rubles, but the drilling depth (auger method) does not exceed 15 meters, which may not be enough. In such a situation, the best way out is a homemade drilling rig for drilling water wells.
The simplest water intake device is the well of the Abyssinian well. To arrange it, you do not need sophisticated equipment or fixtures at all. It is enough to get a "woman", and this is a load of 20 - 25 kilograms and make a bollard - in fact, a clamp that securely covers the clogged pipe.
An elementary device for punching Abyssinian wells is shown in Fig. 1, where:
1. Clamp for fastening blocks.
5. podbabok.
6. Driving pipe.
7. Water intake pipe with a filtering device. At the front end, it is equipped with a spear-shaped tip, the diameter of which is larger than all other components. Raising and sharply lowering the woman, two people reach the water carrier at a depth of up to 10 meters in one light day.
Drawing fig.1 does not include a tripod. Without denying the effectiveness of this method, we draw your attention to the fact that it is easier to control the direction of immersion with a tripod, because the pit must be strictly vertical. A tripod is easy to make with your own hands from improvised materials.
Drilling of classic wells for water can be carried out by shock-rope method, the equipment for the implementation of this technology is so simple that it “asks” to be made by hand.
