Own source of drinking water on the site is a mandatory element. As a rule, the problem in the absence of a centralized sewage system is solved by drilling a well. And the most expensive part is the services of drillers, but a simple drilling rig will help reduce costs. It is not easy to make it with your own hands, but it is possible.
The rope-shock option is considered the most popular. The soil collapses by means of a load thrown down, then the loose masses are taken out and the cycle is repeated until the depth of the wells under the water reaches the desired size.
If a rotary rig is used, drilling becomes easier and more difficult. It’s easier because serious physical effort is not required, but more difficult because the installation drawing is more detailed, with a lot of additional nuances, and such a home-made drilling rig will require financial costs.
Important! It should be noted that it is impossible to make a rig for drilling water wells completely independently. You will have to buy something in special stores, and order something from a turner. However, such a drill will cost much less than ordering the services of a brigade, and it will come in handy more than once. Remember that homemade percussion rope and other structures are used not only for punching water wells. But also in the work on the arrangement of the pile foundation.
Professionals distinguish 4 main types of small-sized drilling rigs (MGBU):
- percussion drilling. The equipment is a frame fixed on a base in the form of a triangle and equipped with a working bailer or a chisel suspended on a cable. The simplest drawing, ease of operation and assembly are the obvious advantages of the system, and the video will show how it works.
- Screw structures imply excavation by means of an auger without washing the wells with water.
- Rotary MGBU have the function of hydraulic drilling systems. Manual small-sized design - the simplest option, where manual labor is used instead of an electric drive. Drawings and assembly will not cause any problems, but it will take many hours to break through the mine.
Attention! To make a rig for cable-impact, rotary drilling, or another design, you will need a welding machine, a grinder, a drill, and little skill in using these tools.
MGBU cable-percussion drilling
This is the simplest small-sized design that does not require complex drawings. You will need to assemble the frame, impact cartridge and bailer. But to facilitate the work, you need a gearbox, to which the entire system is connected. The weight of the cartridge is approximately 75-85 kg, the bailer will serve to clean the bottom from the soil, and the effectiveness of the MGBU has been proven both on sandy and clay soils.
The required "glass" is made from a piece of pipe with thick walls with a cross section of 80-120 mm, the heavier the cartridge, the better (if a drawing is made, it is better to immediately lay down the weight of the cartridge to determine the bearing force of the rod). “Teeth” are welded from the bottom of the glass to help loosen the soil, but you can make the bottom even or sharpen at one end. Be sure to make several holes on the top of the glass for attaching the cable, the size of the cartridge is up to 2 meters in length, no more is needed - it will be inconvenient for work.
A triangular base, a frame, a chuck and a cable - the whole mini installation does not take long to prepare, connect the gearbox and you can start working. It is recommended to first make a small hole where the cartridge will be aimed, the diameter of the hole should not be much larger than the section of the “glass”.
How to make auger-type MGBU?
The main working element is the drill. To make it, you need a pipe made of steel with a diameter of 100 mm. The upper end must be equipped with a screw thread so that the mini water well drilling rig is strong, but the lower end is equipped with a screw element with a cross section of up to 200 mm. Of course, the cable-percussion tool is easier to manufacture, but the auger tool has proven itself well on floating soils.
Attention! A couple of turns are enough for the auger, you should not make the element too long - with a large depth of the shaft it will be difficult to get it, the risk of breakage increases. If the ends of the auger element are equipped with a pair of knives, fixing them at an angle to the horizontal plane of the ground, the work will go much faster.
To facilitate the work of the auger, it is better to pick up another piece of pipe up to 1.5 meters long and build it up to the tee. So it will be more convenient to intercept the drill in the case of manual labor. Before the start of the action, the drill is deepened, rotated and removed to remove the soil. And so repeat the process until the desired depth of the wells for water is reached. As in the case of wireline percussion tools, a gearbox can be attached to the auger drilling structure.
Important! As soon as the depth of the pit reaches a meter, the rod must be extended with a coupling and a steel pipe of the desired size. And for the arrangement of a well for water with a depth of 8 meters, the MGBU will need to be fixed on a tripod tower. It is better to lighten the increased weight of the rod with a winch, but the tower is made of both metal and wood. The correct drawing will help to assemble the entire structure, and the video will tell you how it looks in practice.
Reliability of the design is the key to ease of use
In order for the water well drilling rig to be solid and stable, you will have to buy some factory-made elements. This:
- Swivel - it serves as a transmission element from the motor to the drill and for supplying drilling fluid. The design is not complicated, but it is better and stronger, made in industrial conditions.
- The drill rod (factory ones hold tighter) is selected from the type of drilling wells under water. The system is round and 6-sided section. We must not forget that the rod is lowered into the pit and needs to be built up in the process of deepening. The extension elements are fixed with special locks in the form of a cone or a coupling with a fixer.
- reducer;
- motor pump with a sleeve;
- hoses for supplying the solution (flushing the pit is an indispensable element of the whole process).
But the frame for the entire system can be made independently, as well as the drawings. For an MGBU of a cable-impact type, a drawing is not required, but for an auger drilling rig it is better to calculate and note in advance the weight, size of the length of the segments and other elements. How to make a drilling rig for water is already known, but which one: a rope-impact, auger or other - only the owner can choose. It all depends on the severity of the soil, the depth of the aquifer, the risk of meeting with quicksand and other features.
Important! On solid soil masses, it is necessary to use drilling in several approaches. First, a trial is made, on a drill of 80 mm, then drills of a slightly larger diameter are taken and they finish going through the well with a drill of the desired section. Element diameter up to 350 mm is allowed.
Most of the problems with the water supply of the private sector are solved precisely through autonomous water supply. You can achieve such a communication option with your own hands, while not committing large expenditures of the budget. To make the installation of the well affordable, you will need a drilling rig with your own hands. We suggest you study the instructions for the manufacture of the structure.
At first glance, it is easy to assemble the installation, but you need to decide on the possible equipment options. Before you should explore the possibilities of each type of design, it is advisable to use video tips on the net. To date, it is possible to manufacture the following devices for drilling:
You can learn about the advantages and disadvantages of each of the equipment options from the video on the Internet.
A small-sized design for drilling autonomous wells with your own hands requires thorough preparation. Initially, you need to study the theoretical video, and then proceed to practice. Before creating the device, be sure to take care of the availability of inventory. A grinder, a drill and drills, a welding machine and a set of screwdrivers will serve as indispensable. Get strong metal, pipes and fittings. You will most likely need one. The same material is useful for building a cable-impact device.
After the manual drilling rig is assembled, we connect the water pressure.
Note! There should not be any interruptions in the water supply during the creation of the well, as this can disrupt the workflow and make the creation of an autonomous source very difficult. It is ideal to make such a drill, the mechanism of which will include a swivel (there must be a drawing to create it).
We bring to your attention a video about the assembly of the design of the drilling apparatus on the water.
Features of drilling with a cable-percussion rig
With the help of a rope-impact type of equipment, the creation of an autonomous water supply can be performed both for technical and domestic purposes. The main thing is that the correct drawing is selected. Nowadays, this method is also used in conditions where the use of professional drilling is impossible. Therefore, the optimal solution was to use a swivel that performs well even in difficult ground conditions. Using this technology, it is possible to make water wells with a depth of 70 to 250 meters. Look online for features of working with a similar mechanism in the video.
A small installation of a cable-impact type for the construction of wells necessarily contains a swivel, it can be built using a drawing. The positive qualities of constructing a well in this way are:
- durability of the water supply source;
- it is possible to perform a well of any diameter, due to the presence of a swivel;
- tightness of any connections of the structure is guaranteed;
Among the shortcomings are:
- long installation;
- on loose soils, it is not possible to create a deep well.
The implementation of such equipment is quite laborious, but the sequence of work will help to achieve the construction of the right type.
The principle of operation of the wireline drilling rig
We will immediately make a reservation about the important qualities that must be observed during the implementation of the project, using the drawing of the cable-drilling rig, not forgetting the dimensions that the swivel should have.
The principle of operation of the impact tool is to place a pointed heavy chisel, which actively destroys the ground rock. The impact mechanism is fixed with a strong cable, which will be lifted by a motor with sufficient power consumption. Also on the Internet you can find video instructions for drilling wells using a homemade drill.
A wireline percussion well drilling rig is quite complex equipment, but some of its elements are performed independently.
Attention! To make a swivel and locks for a drill rod, you need to turn to highly qualified specialists who are engaged in the production of parts on machine tools.
When making an amateur drilling rig for home use, try not to neglect the manufacturing technology, as the device may soon fail due to negligence.
A properly constructed water well is a reliable and autonomous source of water supply for a private house or cottage. The organization of private water supply is not always caused by the lack of a central water supply. The reason may also be interruptions in its supply, poor quality of water in the main, high cost, depreciation of the water supply network, shortage and other factors.
Almost all owners of country houses or summer cottages have an autonomous source of water. Another thing is that their choice may be different. Some prefer the well, some prefer the well. This article is dedicated to those who stopped at the well.
Types of wells and installation
Well on the sand
This type gained immense popularity due to the low cost of work and the ability to do all the work manually. In terms of design, a sand well is a single column with a filter at the bottom. The debit of this well can be 10-150 cubic meters. per day. As a rule, the drilling depth is limited to 15 meters (when drilling with a machine - 35 m). For pumping water, a pumping apparatus or a hand pump is installed. The operating time is usually 12-20 years.
Artesian well or limestone well
It doesn't happen very often. The reasons are: the need for permission for the drilling project in the local authorities (for example, Vodokanal) and the high cost of the work. The design feature of the well is more complex. She has two columns- working and casing. The latter is attached to the limestone, the first - directly in the limestone itself. The well for limestone has a higher debit of 12-45 cubic meters. per hour (depending on the diameter of the pipeline) and an operating time of about 50 years. Drilling is done with the help of special equipment and the depth can be up to 350 meters.
Since do-it-yourself drilling rigs are supposed, we will consider in more detail the arrangement of wells for sand, as the most affordable in terms of independent construction.
Well Depth Determination
A shallow well (up to three meters) is done when the aquifer is located close to the surface of the earth, and the water will be used only for irrigation or technical purposes. To drill this well, a hand pump, a casing pipe and a drill are sufficient.
A medium-deep well (up to seven meters) will allow you to have drinking water. To make a drilling rig with your own hands, in addition to the drill, you will need a shovel and time to equip the pit. Pit, dimensions 2x2x2 meters used to facilitate the drilling process to great depth. To facilitate the work, it can be fixed with boards or plywood. After completion of work, the pit falls asleep. Water is taken in by a pump.
A deep well (more than seven meters) will make it possible to fully cover the need for water for all residents of a cottage or private house. Moreover, there will be enough water not only for individual use, but also for technical purposes, irrigation, sanitary requirements, maintenance of a pond or pool.
In general, the choice of the type of water intake will be determined after a geological survey of the well construction site. We propose to study in more detail the last option - the construction of a deep well with your own hands, as the most difficult of those described.
Well drilling options
The above types of wells (this does not apply to “lime” or artesian wells) can be drilled using the following technologies:
Drilling project
In the case when the depth of the aquifer is accurately determined can be drilled directly with casing bit length. If not, you must first find out how deep the water layer is.
That is, each borehole is an individual project and it is influenced by the following characteristics:
- selected drilling option;
- depth of the aquifer. This does not mean the first layer to which the drill has reached, but the one that meets the conditions of use in terms of ensuring the debit of the amount of water;
- geological structure of the soil;
- the requirement to maintain the required distance to the locations (setting the "sanitary zone");
- requirements for water quality and quantity.
Necessary tools for a drilling rig
Since we are talking about the percussion-rope method of manual drilling, it is necessary to highlight its main advantages:
- low requirements for the qualification of the driller and ease of installation of equipment;
- no restrictions on the place of drilling. You can manually drill almost anywhere in the area;
- maintaining most of the usable land area in its original state. That is, heavy special equipment will not damage the plantings in your territory.
For work you will need:
- container with water;
- drill with reinforced edge. Recommendation: you can strengthen the drill by welding the drill bits onto the screw, their role can be played by elements of a metal shank or a file. In addition, the incisors can be sharpened using a grinder;
- shovel;
- a pump with a hose like a "baby";
- land cart.
For the drilling rig will also come in handy:
- metal wire for the filter;
- gravel or gravel for a pillow;
- wire for the filter device at the bottom;
- pipes.
Pit arrangement and site selection
With the help of specialists or folk methods (barometric method, dowsing, using silica gel, exploratory drilling, by the amount of dew, etc.), we determine the area where the aquifer is located closest to the ground.
Then we dig a hole. This is a working of the earth of a certain depth, the purpose of which is to simplify the drilling process. Pit construction is an important stage for several reasons;
- The possibility of collapse of the earth around the well is not allowed.
- The drilling depth is reduced directly by the drill.
The dimensions of the pit are chosen by the driller, but, as a rule, they are 1.5x1.8 and 1.8-3 m deep. In order to prevent the earth from crumbling, the pit is reinforced with metal, boards or plywood.
Drilling Options
Tripod
A tripod is a cable-impact mechanism for drilling. The support structure is needed to simplify the drilling procedure through the use of a drill glass.
The tripod can be made of wood (knots are not allowed) or a profile pipe. The length of the pipe or beam should be about 4.5-5.5 m.
Then a mechanical winch with a cable is fixed to the tripod, where the drill glass is attached.
This drilling rig is quite small and has a sufficient margin of safety. The principle of operation of the mechanism is quite simple: the glass, sinking into the ground, absorbs the soil. Taking into account the composition of the soil in one blow, you can get 0.30-1.2 m of land. You can simplify the work by pouring water into the drilling site. Periodically drill glass needs to be cleaned from the stuffed earth.
The cable where the drill is fixed must be longer than the size of the well. Otherwise, it will break, and the drill will fall to the bottom.
The casing pipe can be installed simultaneously with the passage to the depth or after all the work done.
Drill and casing
During drilling, the casing can be installed at the same time. In this case its diameter must be greater than the size of the drill so that it can move freely in the pipe.
When doing work, it is necessary to constantly monitor the moisture content of the earth being removed so as not to miss the aquifer (otherwise it can simply be closed with a pipe).
Then, when an aquifer is discovered, it is necessary pump out dirty water to determine if there is enough water in that layer. What is a manual or submersible pump used for? If, after pumping out several buckets of dirty water, clean still has not gone, then it is necessary to drill further to a more capacious core.
The pump is not designed for these operating conditions, therefore, after water treatment, it may break. It is best to use a quality pump.
Well casing
For casing plastic or steel pipes can be used(working time up to 50 years). But the installation of galvanized pipes is undesirable, because of the risk of water pollution with zinc impurities.
The main task of the casing installation is as follows:
Installation of the casing pipe is done immediately after completion of work or right during drilling.
Flushing the well and installing a bottom filter
The installation of the casing pipe does not end the matter. Then you need to flush the well. Why is a pipe inserted into it, through which water is supplied under pressure. Due to the pressure of water, a layer of sand and clay will come out of the well, which must be pumped out. When clean water appears, it must be handed over for research. Quality requirements are regulated by SNiP 2141074-01. With normal water quality, you can drill a well with your own hands further.
The main purpose of the bottom filter is to protect the pipe from silting. How to make a filter?
DIY you can make a slotted filter. Why is it necessary to make notches at the end of the pipe with a grinder.
For notches it is necessary to choose a thin circle (0.7 mm). Pay attention - a large number of notches will make the pipe weaker.
As one option, you can make holes in the pipe. Then the place of drilling / notches must be wrapped with mesh or wire. Lay the filter obtained in this way on a pillow of crushed stone, the filling of which will not allow the filter to clog.
The size of the filter pipe must be smaller than the size of the main pipes, so that it can be lowered into the well without problems. The easiest way is to buy a ready-made filter.
Without a filter, the well will not work for long. Its absence is possible only in deep-sea wells (more than 50 meters).
Debit and buildup of the well
In order to get a complete understanding of the capacity of the well, you must wait a day, and then find out the level of incoming water. When the incoming water is sufficient for the needs of use, you can fill up the space between the casing and the soil. The hole also needs to be covered.
The buildup of the well is also an important stage. To make a buildup or just the final cleaning of the well it is necessary to install a powerful centrifugal pump and from time to time pump out water for 14 days.
It is necessary to first determine where to redirect the pumped water.
Pump installation
Please note that surface pumps are not suitable for installation in a well due to a specific depth limit of 9 meters. For this suitable for submersible pump- vibrating or centrifugal. Each of the types has its own advantages, and you can finally choose if you analyze the influence of such factors:
- water level;
- well depth;
- debit;
- casing size;
- downhole pump price;
- water pressure.
Putting the well into operation
When the well was drilled not by one's own hands, but with the help of a third-party company, the following documents must be requested before accepting work:
- well passport;
- hydrogeological conclusion on the implementation of the project;
- act of work done;
- permission of the sanitary and epidemiological station.
When all the work will be done by hand, then in this case the main thing is not to rush, but carefully watch the instructional video, observe all the main points of the drilling process and withstand the technology. And remember that only the choice of high-quality materials (including the pump and pipes) will be the key to long-term operation of the well.
), to create a field for collecting heat from the ground when installing a ground-to-air heat pump, when installing a columnar foundation and many other construction works. A small-sized drilling rig will facilitate and significantly speed up the processes. With some welding skill, you can do it yourself.
Types of homemade drilling rigs
For self-drilling of wells (for water and not only), at least a small drilling rig is required. The depth of wells is rarely less than 20 meters, and it is very difficult to do without the use of even the simplest mechanisms. If we talk about drilling techniques and types of quarry rigs, then you can make the following drilling rigs with your own hands:
The choice of the type of drilling rig for making it yourself depends on the geology of the area where they will be drilling, and the depth of the aquifers also affects. The most universal method is the shock-rope method. Different soils pass well with the help of rotary equipment using water (this method is also called hydrodrilling). For different types of soils, different shapes of chisels are used, and the crushed soil is washed out to the surface with water.
The most “capricious” auger drill in terms of soils, but it copes well with viscous soils - clays, loams, but it gets stuck with boulders and rocky soil.
Types of home-made cable-percussion drilling rigs
In the manufacture of a drilling rig for cable-percussion drilling, there are two important elements: a frame and a glass (cartridge, bailer). For the simplest option, you can make a bed of three or four pipes that connect over the place where the drilling will take place. A block is fixed there, a flexible steel cable is thrown through it. A drilling projectile is tied to the end of the cable. That's the whole structure. This "installation" is put into action by muscular force - the cable is pulled, then sharply lowered. The projectile is gradually deepening.
To reduce physical stress, a winch is installed, for even greater automation, a motor with a gearbox that rotates the winch shaft. At the same time, it is important to come up with a system that will allow you to release the winch shaft and reset the bailer.
The tripod frame is not always convenient - it requires a large area. Moreover, for stability, the “legs” should be at an equal distance from the center. Jumpers between all supports will also not interfere. In this case, the drilling rig will stand securely. There is another version of the frame - in the form of the letter "H" with telescopic rods (pictured below).
The vertical stand is also telescopic. It allows you to change the height from which the projectile is dropped. The rest of the equipment is the same.
How a percussion-rope drilling rig, made by hand from improvised materials, works, see the video. It is not difficult to repeat such a design exactly.
More details on how to break through and equip a water well are described.
How to make a rotary drilling rig
The hydraulic drilling rig must have a frame that allows you to move up / down the motor, to which the drill is connected through a swivel. Water is also supplied through the swivel into the column.
When making a drilling rig with your own hands, the following procedure is recommended:
The frame of the mini drilling rig consists of three parts:
- horizontal platform;
- vertical frame;
- movable frame (carriage) on which the motor is fixed.
The base is cooked from a thick-walled pipe - wall thickness 4 mm, minimum - 3.5 mm. Better - from a profiled section of 40 * 40 mm, 50 * 50 mm or so, but a round one is also suitable. In the manufacture of the frame of a small drilling rig, accuracy is not important. It is important to observe the geometry: verticality and horizontality, the same angles of inclination, if necessary. And the dimensions are "customized" in fact. First, the lower frame is cooked, measured. Under the available dimensions, a vertical frame is made, and according to its dimensions - a carriage.
You can make a simple drill fort yourself - they are made from ordinary steel (drawing in the photo below). If you take high-alloy steel, it is difficult to weld it to the rods. For complex and rocky soils, it is better to buy a drill in a specialized campaign - they have a complex shape, there are many different types.
To make it easier to work, connect two remote controls with the possibility of reverse running. One is put on the motor, the second on the winch. That, in fact, is all.
In the design of a drilling rig for rotary or auger drilling, the main thing is a swivel, but it is unrealistic to manufacture it without experience. For those who want to make it themselves, we will post a photo and its drawing.
The simplest auger drilling rig
If the aquifers are shallow, the soils are soft, you can get by with a mechanical drilling rig with an auger. This is the same tripod or any other frame with a block through which the cable is thrown. Only instead of a bailer or a drill glass, an auger is attached to the cable. In its upper part there is a crossbar with which it is turned.
To facilitate the process, it is desirable to have a winch or at least a gate (like a well). But you can make a rotary drill similar to the one described above. Only the structure of the swivel will change - it is needed without a drain for the water supply. The work of one of the drilling rigs, assembled by a craftsman with his own hands, from improvised materials - in the next video. You can also consider the design features.
And the last moment - a video on how to make an auger for a drilling rig with your own hands.
Almost every owner of a country house has to deal with such an issue as water supply. A very relevant option today is a do-it-yourself drilling rig. This solution allows you to save a significant amount of money, since in this case you will not need expensive professional services.
You can assemble a water drilling rig with your own hands if you strictly follow the instructions.
How to make a drilling rig yourself?
Making a drilling rig with your own hands is quite difficult, but quite possible. The main thing at the same time is to strictly follow the rules and basic recommendations. You can get an idea about the types, features and principles of operation of a drilling rig by reading the instructions on how to make a drilling rig with your own hands. There is a certain sense in this, since the cost of professional equipment is quite high.
In order to make parts of the drilling rig yourself, you will need:
- Welding machine.
- Bulgarian.
- Drill.
- Standard set of hand tools.
Among other things, be prepared for the fact that when making drilling rigs with your own hands, you need a lot of patience and perseverance. Drilling rigs may differ in the way they are made. As for the operation of a do-it-yourself device, it is not intended for large-scale construction work. Here, as you understand, one cannot do without specially designed large-sized and expensive equipment.
Before deciding to make a drilling rig yourself, you need to consider some working conditions. We are talking about the manufacture of such important elements of a drilling rig as a rod and a swivel; here you cannot do without the help of specially designed machines with a CNC system.
The main advantages of using a borehole
- Access to underground water supply.
- The simplest, and for those who will face such a task for the first time, it will not be difficult to find a special guide with which the well will be completed as efficiently and quickly as possible.
- Despite the expensive elements required for the device, the systems pay for themselves, as a rule, quite quickly. A self-made drilling rig is undoubtedly a profitable solution to the issue related to the water supply of a country house.
Independent production of a drilling rig
Types of drills: 1 - spoon drill, 2 - coil drill, 3 - coil, 4 - drill bit.
The drilling tool can be made in several ways. Each of them has certain characteristics. In addition, when making a choice, one should take into account some features of the manufacture of the constituent elements. What type of drilling rig is the most optimal and profitable option for you, it's up to you. The main thing at the same time is not to overestimate your capabilities, and also take into account the main characteristics of the soil, the drilling of which you have to. So, drilling rigs can be of several types:
- Spoon drill device. The use of such a drill is most appropriate when drilling soil, the basis of which is clay and sand. For the manufacture of such a drilling device with your own hands, there are two options. Each of them requires a bucket cutter. The lower right part of the spoon should be made in the form of a transverse ledge. The left side is a cutter. The spoon is made of a durable steel pipe with a suitable diameter.
- Self-made coil drill. Its design can be compared with a wood drill. In most cases, such drilling devices are used when drilling soils consisting of clay, as well as for dense loams. Drilling with a serpentine drill occurs on the principle of a corkscrew. When it rotates, the soil is gradually extracted. In order to provide the blade with maximum strength, it must be hardened. The incisor should resemble a swallow's tail. It is worth noting that ice fishing drills are excellent for drilling land.
- Making a drill bit with your own hands. This type of drilling rig is most often used in order to drill hard rocks of the soil. In this case, an angle of 110-130º should be observed. In the event that the soil belongs to soft rocks, the angle should be from 30 to 70º. The shape of the bit can be any, in most cases it depends on the type of soil on which the borehole is to be drilled.
For self-made drilling rigs, special die forging is required.
To do this, you need one-piece blanks.
During the manufacture of bits, the use of specially designed closed furnaces is required, which are equipped with a reducing atmosphere, heavy forging equipment, technological equipment, etc. Production does not allow the use of welding, since such a chisel cannot be strong.
The main elements of a do-it-yourself drilling device include:
- A rod designed for drilling soil.
- Blade drill.
- Swivel.
The bar and its device
The bar performs the function of rotation (manually or mechanically). Due to this, the rotation is transferred to the drill itself. Drilling fluid is supplied through a hose running along the rod.
The standard rod length is 1-1.7 m. If desired, the length of the drilling rigs can be increased. To carry out the build-up of the drill, special locks with a rectangular thread are required.
Bladed drill and the principle of its device
Drilling rigs designed for rock drilling are in most cases equipped with a pair of blades.
There are several types of drills:
- Boers-bailers. As a rule, they are used to drill a borehole in loose, clastic rocks. In addition, they are the best option for drilling wet soils. Very often bailers are used for cleaning wells, for which a chisel was used.
- Drilling rig device. It is presented in the form of a tripod, its most optimal height reaches 4.5-55 m. The center is a place for installing a rope block. When percussion drilling is carried out, a special balancer is used, which facilitates the work process. Thus, the tool is raised to a certain height together with the rods, after which it is abruptly thrown into the place of impact drilling. The balancer is high-strength wood beams or boards (sixties).
How is the swivel arranged?
The swivel is one of the most important elements that make up a drilling rig. It performs the function of supplying drilling fluid to a special hose that runs along the rod. If you unquestioningly follow the recommendations of experts, it is better to purchase a swivel in a specialized store. The fact is that the manufacture of this element requires the most accurate processing, for which home conditions are not enough.
In order for a self-made drilling rig to meet all the requirements, it is very important to follow all the recommendations. The service life can be quite long if it is used strictly for its intended purpose (i.e. for working with acceptable rocks). Among other things, a do-it-yourself drill requires proper development.
