It is extremely difficult to find designs for one-story houses with a basement on the Internet; most often, you have to order them. The ground floor, or simply put, the basement, is a special room that no high-rise building can do without.

A cottage or a private house designed to accommodate one family is a different matter. Of course, extra square meters will not hurt anyone, especially since in the basement our man, out of habit, stores everything that Mother Nature gave him on his six hundred square meters. Potatoes, all kinds of pickles and preserves, and basically everything are dumped there.

Everything that doesn’t fit in the house is thrown there. Perhaps someday old holey galoshes will come in handy, from which you can make so many useful things, it is not yet clear what and how much, but it is clear that there is a lot. It is clear that no developer in his right mind and with a strong memory will spend time and money on a one-story house with a basement, expecting to use it in this way.

Usually, when setting the goal of building a house with a ground floor, a person thinks that on this very floor he will keep his car or, for example, create a workshop that he has always dreamed of and never got around to.

In general, in order to take on the task of creating a base, you need to have a clear idea of ​​why it is needed. Not every potential homeowner is capable of just taking the plunge and making a basement under the house. To decide on this you need, at a minimum, to have free money.

Just dig a pit

There are three types of basements: recessed, projecting and at foundation level. To build a recessed type basement, the ground on which it will be built must be dry. Work begins with digging a pit, the area of ​​which must be determined in advance.

The depth of the pit should in no case be below or at the groundwater level. In general, the depth of the recessed plinth should be approximately one meter above their level.

And it is different in each area, and is determined by the water level in the wells in the hot summer. At the same time of year, you need to start building the basement floor in a private house.

Arrangement of the drainage system

The most important element of a house in which this structure is present is the drainage system. The fate of not only the basement, but the entire house depends on how it functions. Since the floor is the basement and is located below ground level, water will be present there by definition.

The drainage system is quite simple to make. After the pit is dug, it is completely cleared of debris, its bottom is leveled and compacted. Somewhere in the corner of the pit a hole is being dug. A metal barrel is inserted into it, the edges of which should be level with the floor of the future basement.

In order to ensure that the bottom of the pit is as level as possible, it is covered with a layer of fine sand, its thickness should be at least 15 centimeters and no more than 20. After which the sand is leveled again and waterproofing material is laid on its surface.

Reinforcing mesh is laid over the waterproofing and poured with concrete. At the same time, there should be no gaps between the edges of the drainage barrel and the floor, so that water does not subsequently flow into them. A drainage pump is installed in the barrel. The drainage system can be considered ready.

Installation of plinth walls

Now, when water somehow gets into the basement, it will drain into the drainage tank and be pumped out with a pump. To prevent the walls of the pit from crumbling, they are reinforced with formwork.

Then the walls of the basement are erected. Typically, they are made from bricks or building blocks. A sand-cement mixture is used as a binding solution.

After the basement walls are laid out, all that remains is to make the top floor. One or more concrete slabs are used as such a floor. Their use for this purpose is preferable because they are highly durable.

Ventilation

In order for the cellar to be suitable for storing food, it must have reliable ventilation, otherwise the basement floor will become a habitat for mold, and storing food in it is out of the question. To prevent this from happening, ventilation in a deep basement should be arranged as follows.

On both sides of the cellar, opposite each other, two vertical pipes (supply and exhaust) are installed; they can be either metal or plastic. The purpose of the supply pipe is to draw air from outside into the basement, while the exhaust pipe is designed to draw air from the basement room.

The lower end of the supply pipe is located at a height of approximately twenty centimeters from the floor, while the exhaust pipe, the lower end of which is located at a distance of thirty centimeters from the ceiling, being on the opposite side, draws air from the room. A system consisting of these two pipes ensures constant air circulation in the base.

Generally speaking, if the main purpose of your basement is to be a large refrigerator, then your basement can be considered almost complete. All that remains is to make shelves so that all your jars of cucumbers and tomatoes, as well as buckets of sauerkraut, fit without problems.

Garage in the basement

Many house designs with a basement are created with the purpose of placing a garage there. They are considered much more complex structures than a basement adapted for storage. First of all, it must be located at a depth of at least two meters, width at least four, and length at least six meters.

Of course, all these dimensions are taken with a large margin, but if you consider that in the garage, besides the car, a lot of other things are stored, then this margin will not be so large.

Unlike a basement for food storage, a garage must be a heated room. Moreover, the temperature in it should not differ much from the temperature inside the house, since if such a large room as a garage is not heated properly, then, being located directly under the living rooms, it will inevitably cool down the housing. In this case, heating costs will inevitably increase.

If to illuminate a food warehouse you only need one light bulb without a shade or lampshade, then the garage will need full lighting.

If in order to get into the basement with the food stored in it it will be enough to use an extension ladder, then to leave the garage you will need a strong ramp.

Other premises

Even more serious costs will be required to adapt the basement floor into a full-fledged living space or, for example, to equip it with a bowling alley or gym.

Looking at the photo of a house with a ground floor, it is easy to notice that the illumination of the premises is quite intense, at least to the extent that it fully complies with sanitary standards.

The air temperature in it should not be lower than the temperature in the house. Since the base is located practically in the ground, maintaining a comfortable microclimate in it will cost a pretty penny. In general, the ground floor can be used for the needs of the family, both as a utility room and as a main one.

One of the most inexpensive ways to enlarge your home without taking up a lot of space on the site and without violating the number of storeys in suburban buildings is to arrange the space under the house and create a basement floor. This approach makes it possible during construction to remove all auxiliary premises and separate them from living rooms. Since it is not beneficial for human health to be at levels below zero (that is, buried underground) for more than four hours a day, you should not place a dining room, living room, or, especially, bedrooms in the basement.

Design Features

• It is necessary to think about sufficient ventilation to prevent air from stagnating and humidity from rising, otherwise there is a risk of fungus appearing on the walls.
• Since sunlight does not penetrate underground, enhanced artificial lighting will be required, which must be taken into account when calculating the load on the networks at the drawing stage.
• When installing a sauna, showers and toilets, you will need to install a special sewage pump, since natural drainage underground is impossible.
• The height of basements must be at least 2.2 m, which is the norm for both the physical and psychological comfort of residents.
• In areas with wet soils, the cost of waterproofing will be significantly higher than in sandy or rocky soils.

WITH It should be taken into account that when constructing rooms in the basement where people will stay, it is necessary to maintain a temperature of 16 to 22 0 C. In pantries or dressing rooms, heating up to 8 0 C is sufficient.

Use Cases

Installing a garage in the basement is a great opportunity to create convenience for all family members at the same time. This means comfortable parking, saving space on the lot, and the safety of other family members. There are quite a lot of projects with this solution in the catalog:

• original log building on a high stone plinth;
• three-story with a garage for two cars, giving the opportunity to build on a small plot;
• compact modern cottage
• unique, unparalleled

Home gyms and mini-gyms can be located in the basement:

• where the “gym” is adjacent to the sauna and laundry room, and the technical room separates them from the cold storage room;
• a cottage with a corner terrace where the size of the basement allows you to plan a spacious billiard room next to the sports area;
• aristocratic where a staircase hall separates the gym from a large recreation room with a home theater.

A fairly reasonable solution is to equip a sauna or steam room with a relaxation room in the basement, where you can take various wellness treatments at any time of the year. These are projects such as:

• a cottage with a small attic, where on both sides of the shower room there is a steam room and a dry sauna;
• a representative three-story building, whose underground level accommodates a sports area, a games area, and a corner where you can listen to music or watch a movie while relaxing after a Finnish sauna;
• quite economical and compact” with a large shower and Jacuzzi combined with a steam room into one volume.

In addition, the space underground can be completely economic or designated as a workshop. You can fill it with pantries for various purposes, both heated and cold for food storage and home preservation. When choosing a project, focus on the needs of your family, and we will be happy to help you with this.

Ready-made project for a one-story brick house with a basement.

An excellent, spacious house with an elegant appearance, which is achieved through the use of high-quality finishing materials with high aesthetic properties. Red clinker brick with white seam is gaining particular popularity among new private developers. Undoubtedly, this type of finishing of a one-story house with a basement is not economical compared to cladding with sand-lime brick, plaster or siding, but it has excellent aesthetic properties. The facade will not require ongoing repairs in the further operation of the house and, for sure, will become the calling card of your private estate.

The arrangement of the ground (basement) floor is determined by the difference in elevations across the land plot, and is also a special architectural and planning solution included in the project. In the basement of the house there is a utility block: a large gym, comfortable storage rooms and a sanitary unit. Window openings are provided in the basement to allow natural light to penetrate.

If desired, additional changes can be made to the project of a house with a basement in terms of the size of the basement premises, the planning structure and color scheme.

The total area of ​​the house is 290 sq.m.

The cost of the finished house project is 7500 rubles.

According to conventional wisdom, house designs that include a basement are considered impractical and will be of little use in the future. However, today this room can bring tangible benefits, since the basement can be equipped with a workshop, basement, boiler room or garage.

Project of a three-story house with a garage in the basement

In practice, it turns out that maintaining such an addition to your own home does require some investment, but a garage saves time, keeps the car intact, protects it from bad weather, and also allows you to use it as a warehouse for non-combustible materials. Gradually, people are realizing all the benefits of having a basement garage in their home, which is why today the demand for such projects has increased.

Modern house designs, which include the presence of a “zero” floor, which is commonly called the basement, allow owners to significantly expand the space they have. Today, a garage is not just an extension to the house or, in the case of a basement, part of it, but an opportunity to save money, since a person is freed from the need to pay rent.

Option for a house project with a basement garage

He also does not have to look for a suitable parking place; in addition, if the car is located in a suburban area, it is completely protected from environmental influences. It is easier to use than it might seem, since it does not violate the overall harmony that the external appearance of the house gives, the furnishings and interior do not suffer from such proximity, and comfort, on the contrary, is significantly improved.

The basement floor with a garage included in the house design makes the floors in the ground floor rooms much warmer, since cold currents do not penetrate the house.

The premises located on the ground floor become dry and are not affected by mold or dampness, which can often be found in country houses.

Designing houses is not an easy and lengthy process, but designs for one-story buildings with a basement are developed with even higher time and labor costs, since the housing itself is structurally complex and expensive to repair and operate. This occurs due to the adoption of a number of additional measures to provide the basement premises with all kinds of communication networks and pipelines, insulation and waterproofing of all surfaces, arrangement of reinforced ceilings and floors, etc. Photo project of a one-story house with a semi-basement

Development of housing projects with basement areas

Any housing, including low-rise buildings with or without an attic and basement, must comply not only with SNiP and GOST, but also with weather conditions in the region of development. Thus, a light wooden house with a flat, uninsulated roof is unlikely to last long in Yakutia or Transbaikalia. When drawing up a project, factors such as the properties and type of soil, the characteristics of groundwater and soil freezing points, average annual precipitation and temperature are important. Therefore, the customer can make changes to any standard projects of one-story houses, making the housing individual and adapted to his requirements.

Why did houses with a basement and one floor begin to be in demand among all segments of the population instead of the much advertised and until recently popular two-story country cottages with a garage? After all, for both those and these projects, a reinforced buried foundation is developed (most often monolithic and strip type, and this is not the cheapest option), and for a house with a high base, up to 20% of the cost of constructing the base itself, which in a building with two no floors. The fact is that with all the existing expenses, such projects will always be low-cost, and we will consider why below.

The basement floor is not a basement, and its main difference and advantage is the presence of natural light entering the semi-basement through windows, which, by the way, cannot be in the basement. The windows here, although not high, can be made larger than in an ordinary room, thereby increasing the flow of daylight. With the standard SNiP requirements for a base height of 2.5 m, the windows will be located no lower than 1.5 m, which is quite convenient for use. But compliance with GOST requirements does not mean that the basement cannot be made deeper or higher - you can raise the ceiling or lower the floor, and use the additional height of the area at your discretion.

Advantages of a basement project

Builders claim that with a properly designed layout, a house with a basement will cost less than a low-rise building. How can this be justified?

1. If there is a basement floor, the total area more than doubles, and in a house with an attic – by another 50-70%.
2. The basement means warmer floors on the first floor, which means savings on insulation, energy, repairs and the health of residents, because the air in the house will always have optimal humidity due to heating and natural ventilation from below.
3. The additional floor can be converted for various purposes, including living. Often the basement is combined with a boiler room, garage or auto repair shop, saving on the construction of additional premises or separate extensions.

The plan above shows that the thrifty owner used the available space as efficiently as possible. The house has a swimming pool, a boiler room, a sauna and even a gym, and all this is in addition to the standard set of bedrooms, kitchen, hall, etc. Such a powerful increase in premises became possible precisely thanks to the base. Projects of houses on one floor with a basement - this is the most diverse layout. See the most interesting and original ideas below. Base:

1. This is the optimal room for a warm garage, storage room, furnace or auto repair shop, swimming pool, billiard room or bathhouse.
2. It provides a lot of space for a spacious dressing room or a huge hallway, and access to the first floor is carried out through a vestibule with a spiral staircase or (if space allows) a flight of stairs.
3. It can be converted into a dining room to separate the kitchen, where food is prepared, from the area for relaxation and eating.
4. These are separate bathrooms and bathrooms (in the plural), a personal office or a home laboratory. And if you add a bay window to the base, you can safely equip a small observatory. The bay window will protrude by 1.5-2 m, and this area will be enough for organizing or a winter garden, an all-season greenhouse or just a relaxation pavilion with a bench and a small table.

Important! In the design of one-story private houses with a basement, a staircase is always provided - without it, the semi-basement becomes meaningless. A comfortable staircase is a mechanism ≥ 90 cm wide with a tread pitch ≥ 30 cm and a riser height ≥ 16 cm. These parameters should be taken into account when designing.

Construction Features

The base is erected in the same way as a strip base, only with improved insulation and waterproofing. All its protection must be carried out in any case, even if the house is located on a hill and the groundwater is located quite deep. These measures will not allow condensation to accumulate, which will eventually affect the integrity of the structure.

The most common foundation design that extends into the basement is monolithic concrete or slabs. But regulatory requirements for building materials do not prohibit making a foundation from highly specialized grades of brick.

Photo of a brick plinth for a concrete foundation

When building on solid soil, the base of the foundation can be built not with concrete, but with sand and crushed stone. On loose and highly moist soils, a concrete slab is laid under the foundation, on which the walls of the houses are built.

Important! The presence of ventilation ducts and the arrangement of supply and exhaust ventilation in the basement rooms is mandatory! Therefore, in the project, do not forget to indicate the holes for ventilation pipes, which should enter the basement floor 20-25 cm above ground level.

Briefly about construction:

1. Digging a pit.
2. Equipping the bottom of the pit with a sand-crushed stone or concrete pad with a layer of ≥ 20 cm.
3. Pouring a slab that will act as a subfloor.
4. Construction of foundation walls.
5. Laying a layer of waterproofing on the surface of the walls, bringing the base to the zero level.
6. Laying the next layer to protect against moisture and arranging the ceiling. The remaining elements of the house box are mounted on the ceiling.
7. Complete thermal and waterproofing in the basement, outside and inside.

Photo of the ground floor of a one-story house

1. From surveyors: on an area with a flat surface, construction will not be as expensive as on a slope or on an area with difficult terrain.
2. From the architects: the height of the semi-basement floor is an ambitious look for the entire house, because a low base will look like it has grown into the ground, unlike a building with a high one.
3. From the builders: it’s better to start from the corners - these areas determine the geometry and aesthetics of the building.
4. A sunken base (recessed into the foundation wall) is more reliable than a protruding one: it protects the foundation from any unwanted influences, natural and mechanical.
5. Protruding (beyond the surface of the foundation) is the optimal design for a house made of lumber. And to protect the foundation, a “belt” of decorative materials is placed over the base.
6. A basement in the same plane as the foundation of the house is an option out of hopelessness: moisture damages the waterproofing, and protecting such a structure from frost and wind is more difficult and expensive.