Each homeowner wants to maximize the autonomy of their home so that they are less dependent on the imposed service and the assigned tariffs. It equips autonomous heating, which allows the use of various fuels and weather-dependent automation, and does not regulate the temperature in the room with a window or doors.
He drills a well, installs a pump and a water treatment system and is guaranteed water supply, regardless of the economy of the water utility or the state. Acquires gasoline power plants and uninterruptible power supplies to prevent emergency power outages and ensure the operation of a minimum set of household appliances, including the operation of boiler equipment and water supply.
The most critical element of autonomy in this chain is the sewerage and sanitation system.
The modern construction market offers a large number of models of septic tanks, but they are very expensive to afford to "bury" that kind of money in the ground. With the right approach to choosing a design and implementing a project, you can build it yourself, with your own hands, saving a significant amount of money.
Sanitary standards for septic tank placement
Correct planning, taking into account the observance of the sanitary standards for the location of the septic tank on the territory of the household, guarantees the availability of clean drinking water, dryness of the basement and the foundation of the house, free access of the sewer truck.
When arranging a treatment system and choosing a location, the following recommendations for its location should be taken into account:
- at least 15 m from a well or well;
- at least 5 m from windows, doors of the house;
- at least 2 m from the border of the land plot;
- no closer than 2 m from the road;
- distance from a stream, river at least 15m;
- distance to fruit trees at least 3 m;
- to a natural reservoir at least 30 m;
- the distance to the underground gas pipeline is at least 5 m.
Placing on a hill will prevent melt and rainwater from entering the reservoir and prevent flooding during seasonal floods. It is not always possible to comply with all sanitary standards due to the limited area of the site, but the use of biochemistry and timely cleaning will not give the neighbors a reason to complain about the proximity of the septic tank.
The composition of the septic tank and its volume
A septic tank is one or several reservoirs - settling tanks (chambers) for mechanical and biological wastewater treatment. The number of tanks depends on the daily water consumption: 1 tank for one cube of water, 3 tanks from ten cubes and above. 
Currently, the overflow septic tank scheme, consisting of concrete rings, is widely used, it is simple in design and allows the use of inexpensive available material. In addition, it minimizes the need to call a sewer truck.
Most of the solid waste settles in the first chamber and it is made the largest, and its bottom is concreted, ensuring tightness.
If the septic tank is two-chamber, the last chamber has a crushed stone cushion and absorbs the settled wastewater, which is safe for the environment.
With a three-chamber design, an intermediate chamber with a sealed bottom appears, similar to the first, for additional waste sludge and biological treatment at a high water flow rate.
When choosing a volume, they are guided by the number of people living, the frequency of visiting guests and the prospect of increasing the family, because in the future, it will be problematic to increase the volume of the septic tank. The volume of the septic tank should be equal to the total water consumption for three days or without measurements, multiply 600 liters by the number of residents. So much water is consumed in an average of three days.
Determination of the number of rings
Reinforced concrete rings are easy to install, have excellent strength and long-term operation, as can be judged by the communal wells on the streets of our cities. In addition, they are of standard size, sufficient for the arrangement of a septic tank.
The number of rings is determined based on its volume. The volume of a standard reinforced concrete ring KS 10.9 with a diameter of one meter and a height of 90 cm is 0.71 cubic meters. meters.
More voluminous rings are used less often:
- KS 15.9 - (diameter 1.50 m) has a volume of 1.59 cubic meters. m;
- KS 20.9 - (diameter 2.00 m) has a volume of 2.83 cubic meters. m
In addition, if the budget allows, you will need concrete slabs of overlapping rings (blind and with a hole for a hatch) and sewer hatches assembled.
Ring installation technique
Do not rush to import rings, you must first carry out earthworks and prepare wells. The depth of the wells is determined by the project, and the diameter for the rings should be 2.5-3 meters. This diameter is necessary for laying rings, routing pipes and performing waterproofing.
Attention should be paid:
It is especially necessary to dwell on the delivery and installation of rings and concrete floor slabs. The rapid growth of new construction sites has led to the emergence of trucks with a manipulator crane on the market of transport services. This technique has a threefold function: a truck, a crane and an excavator.
Ordering a manipulator will allow you to purchase and immediately load the rings onto the machine. She will transport them to the site and immediately use an arrow-manipulator to lower the rings into the wells. The use of ordered vehicles, both a truck and a vehicle, guarantees significant savings in money.
The crane will become irreplaceable when working under power lines and in a confined space of a courtyard or garden area. It has increased accuracy when performing cargo operations, which will ensure a high-quality installation of rings and keep the design solutions and garden sculptures of the site intact.
The need for ventilation of a septic tank
Properly designed and properly installed septic tank ventilation will provide:
- Elimination of the unpleasant odor of drains;
- Ensures safe living in a private home.
Septic tank effluents are purified by a large number of bacteria of two types - anaerobic, living in the thickness of the effluent, and aerobic, living on the surface of the water. The quality of processing organic matter and even oil products and washing powder depends on their quantity and "appetite".
Their waste products are silt, methane (an explosive gas without color and odor), foul-smelling and poisonous hydrogen sulfide plus clean water. If the ventilation is not working, these gases are directed through the sewer pipe into the house, the smell of hydrogen sulfide will appear, and a certain concentration of methane can cause an explosion.
As a rule, the arrangement of ventilation occurs at the last stage of the construction of a septic tank. Its correct operation is ensured by two risers, a low inlet and a high one that removes the waste products of bacteria. The entire process of flue gas removal is based on a pressure drop (natural draft). Umbrellas on risers will help improve traction.
This is a fairly long piece of plastic or cast iron pipe with a diameter of 110 mm, cut through a tee into the sewer system of the house. This method completely eliminates all odors in the house, in the septic tank area and dissipates them in the air above the roof.
Advantages of a septic tank made of concrete rings:
- Today in low-rise suburban construction such septic tanks are the most effective treatment facilities;
- Low cost of the material used during installation and the ability to do the installation of septic tank structures with your own hands;
- High mechanical strength reinforced concrete structures and a long service life, the septic tank will reliably serve more than one generation of residents;
- Doesn't require frequent maintenance but large capacity allows full-load day-to-day use;
- No seams and reliable sealing of joints completely eliminates the appearance of unpleasant odors;
- Again, the tightness makes it possible build similar septic tanks in areas with high groundwater levels.
- Fully autonomous work no additional electricity costs;
- If necessary, you can use rings of larger diameter and a slight increase in the cost of the project.
Disadvantages:
- The packing of the rings involves the use of lifting equipment with a limited area of \ u200b \ u200bthe construction site;
- Laying pipes between wells involves punching holes in the reinforced concrete structure of the rings;
- Availability of a certain standard size rings makes it difficult to ensure the volume of the septic tank and is limited only by the number of rings and the depth of their laying;
- Poor sealing of joints over time, it assumes the ingress of untreated wastewater into the ground.
Septic tank service
High-quality and durable operation of the septic tank is guaranteed by proper maintenance and repair, namely:
- Timely pumping out of the septic tank;
- A qualitatively new level of wastewater treatment will be provided by special active bioadditives;
- The flow of wastewater must be constant, because the frequency stops the processing process, which lowers the temperature of the septic tank and can be negatively reflected in the winter;
- To equip the unimpeded access of the sewage truck to the septic tank, which is very important in the cold season;
- Each pumping must be accompanied by a visual inspection of the inner walls of the well.
