author Tugay I., author's photo
White water lily, or water lily , or white nymphea (Nymphaea alba), has a flower of not probable beauty, truly worthy of worship. therefore white water lily bears the proud titles "queen of waters" and "northern".
In my homeland, in Belarus, the white water lily is found mainly in the floodplain of the Pripyat (sleeves, oxbows, downstream tributaries) in low-flowing water. This plant is included in the Red Data Book of the republic, although there are quite a few thickets of nymphea in habitual habitats.
The area is largely covered different kindsthat form large canes. The undergrowth is full of ferns and evocative water lilies, as well as an abundance of rare flowers, including rare yellow irises, giant irises and about fifty species of wild orchids. The fauna, however, is characterized by the presence of the octopus, the animal symbol of the Oasis; it is an extinct species that, however, survives with the largest and most populous population in the Delaware Basin.
In addition to otters, Persano's other characters are birds: a duckling, a duck, a chamois of water, a spider's web, a frog, and in the spring, a heron. In Oasis Persano, you leave a feeling of freshness, to the touch of slowly flowing water hiding in small mirrors of water, hiding among reeds and arousing the senses of those who notice wonderful and varied landscapes. The trails cross between walking sticks, paths, lookout huts and raised points from which you can admire glimpses of natural wonders.
Another type of water lily - the pure white water lily - is common throughout Belarus. It has a number of differences, including a smaller size of flowers and not so impeccable white color of the petals.
The rhizome of a water lily, extracted from a natural reservoir, is often an amateur flower grower to be able to admire its regal flowers throughout the garden season.
Despite the temptation of breeding, the white water lily does not lend itself well to cultivation - due to the need for an insignificant, but obligatory flow of water.
Campania offers visitors not only naturalistic trails, but also art, culture and folklore; Indeed, in the last decade, tourism flows have become increasingly important thanks to traditionally ingrained cultural activities and a sense of protection that has not failed even in the face of natural disasters such as the massive earthquake of the 1st monument.And the places to visit are different. Basilica of Santa Maria della Pace, which consists of three different places of worship: Chapel of the Virgin of Carmel, Relief and Basilica.
Flowering water lily
The water lily flower is the largest (up to 15 cm in diameter) among in our climate.
The petals of the white water lily are really dazzling white... During the day they open wide, showing the golden heart of the flower and exuding a faint scent.
Picking the beautiful flowers of a white water lily is not only a criminal activity, but also meaningless: a torn water lily fades immediately.
The entire museum trail focuses on Jewish time and runs along a permanent exhibition of photographic panels that cover the entire history with documents and images of the Shoah. It should be remembered that the City of Campania was awarded the Gold Medal for Civil Merit, for helping Jews settle in internment. The country is flooded with the Tensa River, whose banks are distracted by this case.
It is an event of ancient origin that brings to mind thousands of tourists and other events such as the "Chien Jazz Festival". Portraits of Giotttotti in August. Typical local dishes are presented and served in the most beautiful gates of the Old Town. Geographic location and boundaries.
Large rounded leaves are located around the buds and flowers of the nymph. They are glossy green, and the blades of their plates diverge to the sides. The leaf stalks go under water to the perennial rhizome, sometimes to a fairly considerable depth.
The nymphea flower is pollinated mainly by beetles. They often spend the night in water lilies, eating pollen and sprinkling with it.
The Black Sea is an intercontinental sea located between Europe and Asia. It stretches between the young folded structures of the Stara Planina mountains and the Caucasian mountain system, from the north on the Russian plate, and south to the Pontine mountains. Through the straits the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles they connect with the Marmara and Aegean Seas and through the Kerch Strait with the Azov Sea.
Geological construction and paleogeographic development. The development of the Black Sea Valley is associated with the development of neighboring lands. It is located within the boundaries of the Alto-Himalayan Orogen and was laid on the deeply sunken Pontic intermediate massif. During the Upper Miocene, the Black Sea still did not exist as a separate basin. It was part of a large sea basin stretching from Vienna to the modern Aral Sea. At the beginning of the Pliocene, due to the rise of young folded mountains, the sea basin begins to rupture and scatter into separate basins.
Breeding nymphea
The seeds of the water lily ripen under water, and the shape of its fruit to a certain extent resembles a water lily.
After ripening, the nymphaean seeds float to the surface. Their clusters are very similar to fish eggs, thanks to which the birds do not leave these seeds unattended, facilitating the dispersal of water lilies in water bodies.
The water lily also reproduces vegetatively,.
The decrease in the coverage of individual pools is accompanied by immersion and deepening of the depth. The sinking of the Black Sea Valley occurred in a system of diverging faults. The manifestation of these opposite movements of the earth's crust continues today. This is confirmed by the well-defined abrasive levels and expressiveness of the Black Sea relief. The development of the Black Sea through the Pleistocene helped two treats and two salinize its waters. Cooling is associated with stages of elevation and salting with relative stages of rest.
At that time, his relationship with the oceans was restored. Seabed relief and morphohydrographic partition. The underwater relief is distinguished by a shelf, continental slope and bottom. It occupies the largest area in the northwestern part of the Black Sea valley. The largest is its area in the northwestern and southeastern parts of the Black Sea valley. Unlike the shelf, it is more inclined and more fragmented.
Water lily in legends and traditions
In the Middle Ages, the snow-white "queen of waters" was a recognized symbol of purity. And the seeds of the white nymph were considered a means of tempering passions, and in this capacity they were offered to the inhabitants of monasteries.
For a water lily - I will not say (who knows what is forgotten here, what is confused, and what requires more careful study), but the preparations of her close relative - - have a contraceptive effect, this is a scientific fact.
The shelf contains the following forms: underwater terraces and underwater mines. The lower and middle terrestrial terraces form a single complex, and their formation occurs under conditions of the predominance of abrasive processes. The upper Pleistocene terraces form a separate complex, widespread along the entire coast. They occupy the noses along the coasts of Burgas-Strandzha and Stara Planina. On the banks of Dobrudzha and Varna, terraces are cut into old landslides. Holocene terraces form a narrow strip along beaches with an adjacent base of slopes, as well as limestone and lagoon lowlands.
White nymphea named " swan flower”Was the subject of adoration among the Germanic tribes, and stylized images of water lilies were present on their standards and emblems.
It is impossible not to mention the magical properties attributed to the water lily. "Overcome the herb" ... (in other Slavic languages, Valerian was called so for its wonderful healing and magical qualities). And on the East Slavic soil, this name was transferred to the white water lily. Yes, and on a pure white water lily, since the folk idea of \u200b\u200ba particular plant species is usually broader than a strictly botanical one: "a water lily - it is a water lily."
On the Bulgarian shelf there is a system of underwater sea terraces, underwater mines and intervals are located in different ways. On its surface, there are many sandy shafts with an unclear origin. In the region of Varna and Stara Planina, underwater mines are well developed over a long distance. They are located parallel to the coast, up to four rows. They are right next to the edge of the shelf. This complex with terraces is covered by two powerful storage shafts. The northern one starts from Cape Kaliakra and ends southeast of Cape Emine.
The second, more powerful mine begins south of Cape Emine and expands to the Bourgas Bay. The Black Sea occupies a significant drainage area of \u200b\u200b2.5 million. In the Black Sea, one of the largest and deepest rivers in Europe, the Danube, Dnieper, Dniester, Bug and others, flows into the Black Sea. Through the Kerch Strait, water flows from the Azov to the Black Sea, and through the descending stream flows through the Bosphorus, into the Sea of \u200b\u200bMarmara. There is precipitation in the Black Sea. As a result, the water flow of the Black Sea is 790 km. 3.
According to ancient beliefs, a water lily drives away evil spirits and diseases.
The nymphaea decoction was considered a love drink, and also helped with poisoning and toothache (only the hypotensive effect of the alkaloids of the plant rhizome is recognized as official medicine).
It was believed that the overpower-grass helped on the journey, so the dried parts of the plant were hidden on the chest when setting off.
"Defeat the grass! Defeat the evil people: they would not think badly about us, they would not think badly. Drive away the sorcerer, the snitch. Defeat the grass! Defeat me high mountains, low valleys, blue lakes, steep banks, dark forests, hemp and decks ... I'll hide you, overpower-grass, at a zealous heart, all the way and all along the path "(from a conspiracy on a long journey, which does not quote only the lazy in relation to the water lily).
From this tributary, 400 km 3 fall on the river flow. Evaporation from the sea surface is significant - 420 km 3. Therefore, the Black Sea is characterized by a positive water balance, but because of the surface runoff through the drainage basin of the Bosphorus of the Black Sea waters into the Sea of \u200b\u200bMarmara. The structure of the Black Sea waters.
The average salinity of surface waters in the central part of the Black Sea is about 18%. Near the coast, due to the influence of fresh river waters, salinity decreases, and seasonal fluctuations are significant. The average salinity of coastal waters is 16% and 17%. Salinity usually decreases in May or June. The increase in salinity increases with depth.
Water lily flowers open at about 7 a.m. and close in the evening by 6 p.m. This exact time of awakening and falling asleep of flowers allowed Linnaeus to include the nymphaea in the list of "plant-flower clock".
It was Karl Linnaeus who gave the water lilies a generic name in honor of the mythological nymphs. And in the Slavic environment, the water lily flower also stably associated with local nymphs - mermaids. After all, a water lily, like a mermaid, is as attractive as it is destructive. At those depths where the nymphaean grows, there will be enough water under the hunter for a beautiful flower to drown, entangled in its slippery strong stems ...
The average annual sea water temperature is related to the geographic location of observation points and dominant currents. The minimum sea water temperature occurs in February and sometimes reaches freezing point on the western coast of the Black Sea. Summer is characterized by a sharp drop in surface water temperature due to the wind effect. Depending on temperature and salinity, the density of water in the Black Sea decreases in spring and summer. The average density in the central regions is 1.
The chemical characteristics of the Black Sea waters are mainly based on the extremely low mobility of the depth layers and the large amount of flowing river water. The main component of seawater is sodium chloride, followed by magnesium sulfate, calcium carbonate, and the like. Of the gases dissolved in water, the largest amount is free nitrogen. Beneath this depth are completely anoxic waters containing the poisonous hydrogen sulfide gas. Carbon dioxide is in a free and bound state.
Actually, about a beautiful white water lily, if I could, - I spoke only in poetry!
Irina Tugai (Republic of Belarus)
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All chemical elements are contained in seawater. Most of them are found in very small quantities. Surface currents in the Black Sea occur at river mouths and in the Kerch Strait. The main river water flows to the northwest of the sea, where a powerful coastal stream begins. It moves south along the Romanian and Bulgarian coasts. The Crimean stream flows to the east of the city of Varna, forming a southern stream going to the Bosphorus. After the Bosphorus, the main water table goes to Anatolia. From Cape Kerempe, the flow deviates northward in the direction of Crimea, while the other part continues to move in the east.
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Water lily
There are about 50 species of water lilies, which are distributed almost all over the globe, in tropical and temperate zones. Flowers with a diameter of 3 to 30 cm, different colors: white, pink, blue, lilac, etc. In many species, the transition of stamens to petals is clearly expressed. There are 3 types in Russia. , or snow-white, is common in the European part.
The curling of the surface current is noticeable around the south-west of the sea under the influence of the southeastern Mediterranean winds, as well as in the regions of the Azov and Ciscaucasian languages. On the coast of the Caucasus, the stream is in the northwest and merges with the Azov Stream in front of the Kerch Strait. From the southeastern coast of Crimea, it is divided into two streams. One branch moves to the south, where it merges with the Anatolian current and closes the circle of the Eastern Black Sea Circular Current. The southwestern stream is called the Crimean stream, and when it merges with the river current created by the waters of the Dnieper, Dniester and Danube, the circle of the Western Black Sea cycle is closed.
The Latin name for the water lily is Nymphaea, literally translated as "little nymph". The lower female deities were called nymphs in ancient mythology.
The beautiful flowers of a white water lily float to the surface of the reservoir in the early morning and bloom in the form of a lush rose, exuding a delicate aroma. In the evening, the flower closes and plunges back into the water. You should not pluck wonderful flowers, since the plant suffers greatly from this. As a rule, the water lily dies due to damage to the stem.
The strength of the waves, the height of the wave and its speed depend on the strength of the wind, its duration and wavelength. The excitement is seasonal in nature, and its maximum development occurs in autumn and winter, minimum in May and June. The average annual height of waves in the Bulgarian water area is 31 cm, their constant appearance determines the influence of the surf, which destroys and forms the seashore.
Black Sea flora and fauna. The flora of the Black Sea is represented by about 600 species, of which 221 species include macrophytic algae. The fauna of the Black Sea is concentrated in the upper layer at a depth of up to 200 m, where there are significant food reserves. The fauna of the Black Sea consists mainly of the Caspian and Mediterranean species, which is associated with its origin and paleogeographic development. Of these, only 789 species are characteristic of the Bulgarian coast, not counting the primaries. Coastal waters are also home to a number of underground organisms.
In order for the leaf to float and for better movement of air and water vapor, its entire inner tissue is permeated with channels and resembles a sponge, it is called spongy.
Large white flowers with numerous petals and yellow stamens float on the surface of the water. Leaves only grow at the end of a thick, branched rhizome that lies at the bottom. Its entire surface is covered with darker traces of dead leaves, which look like brown diamonds on a light yellow background, which make the rhizome look like a large spotted snake. Thick light roots are formed only on the underside of the rhizome and look like numerous legs.
In coexistence there are crustaceans, sea snails, mussels, jellyfish, about 150 species of fish. The main representatives are mackerel, mackerel, bonito, sardines and others. The Black Sea is also home to marine dolphins and marine mammals that are protected. The Black Sea waters have their own hydrophysical characteristics, distinguishing them from the waters of other seas. The color of sea water depends on the content of inorganic and organic substances, the color of the sky, depth, proximity to the coast, etc. the Black Sea, also called "dark" in ancient times, is characterized by darker waters than the light green waters of the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov.
Amazing water lily flowers are covered with wax. In ancient Greece, their petals were showered on the marriage bed of the young and decorated with the clothes of the gods. The Egyptians worshiped the beauty of water lilies, depicting these plants on gravestones. A red water lily, brought to Egypt from India, served as a symbol of the divine origin of royal power. From the plant wreaths were woven, placed on the head of the new pharaoh, who came to power.
A huge number of legends and superstitions are associated with the water lily. The very Latin name of the flower - nymphea, goes back to the Greek legend about a nymph who turned into a snow-white flower from unhappy love for Hercules, every morning she floats to the surface of the water, the flower opens, and the nymph looks into the distance in search of her lover, and at night she hiding in the water again. Since water lily flowers appear on the surface at about seven o'clock in the morning and go under the water at seven o'clock in the evening, the picture depicted on the famous painting by Kramskoy, where mermaids walk among water lilies in the moonlight, is simply impossible. The attitude towards the water lily in Western Europe is probably a distant echo of this legend. In ancient Germanic and some West Slavic tales, it is called Nenyufar or a dead lily and it is believed that mermaids and vampires turn into its flowers during the day. In Russian mythology, this plant is called overpower-grass. She had to protect from all misfortunes and troubles, including witchcraft and evil spirits. Going on the night of Ivan Kupala to look for a blooming fern, you had to take with you a grass-beating. According to Slavic legends, mermaids drove men crazy who wanted to pick water lilies, luring the unfortunate into the underwater kingdom. Very interesting are the stories of North American Indians who claim that water lilies were formed from sparks that arose as a result of a collision of stars.
This living decoration of ponds is one of the first herbaceous plants on our planet, on lakes, it appeared shortly before the extinction of the dinosaurs and retained many archaic features in its structure. For example, a flower is extremely primitive. Initially, the flowers of the angiosperms did not have petals. The petals, designed to attract pollinating insects, appeared much later, in the process of gradual formation from stamens. By the flowers of the water lily, you can trace all the stages of the transformation of the stamens into petals.
The water lily is pollinated by insects, and after flowering, its berry-like fruit goes under the water. There, it rots after ripening, and the seeds, surrounded by a shell filled with air, float to the surface of the water.
Water lilies often form thickets that serve as spawning grounds for fish. The rhizomes and seeds of the plant serve as food for waterfowl, muskrats, beavers, desman and other aquatic animals, thanks to which they are carried over lakes, ponds and rivers. Many types of water lilies are grown as decorative ones.
Snow-white water lily, or pure white (Nymphaea Candida J. Presl)
Description of the appearance:
Flowers: Fragrant flowers with a diameter of 10-12 (up to 20) cm float on the surface of the water. The flower consists of 3-5 oblong sepals, numerous white petals. The base of the calyx is rectangular, protruding; sepals with 5-7 indistinct veins. The outer petals are large, and the closer to the center of the flower, the smaller they are, the innermost ones are very similar to stamens. Numerous stamens. The pistil is large, with a yellow flat stigma. Flowers close in the evening and are immersed in water; in the morning they emerge and unfold again, but in rainy weather they do not open during the day... After flowering, the pedicel curls, the development of the fetus takes place in water.
Leaves: Long-stemmed leaves float on the surface of the water with a heart-oval or round plate 10-30 cm in diameter, dark green above and with a reddish-purple tint below (younger leaves are more red).
Root: With a thick dark brown rhizome, which is located horizontally at the bottom of the reservoir, only slightly covered with silt. The rhizome is clothed with the remnants of the petioles of fallen leaves; leaves and pedicels extend from it.
Flowering and fruiting times: Blooms from June to September. The fruits ripen in August-October.
Life Expectancy: Perennial.
Habitat: A pure white water lily grows in stagnant and slowly flowing waters at depths of up to 2 m. It often forms extensive thickets.
Prevalence: Predominantly European species found in the Caucasus and Central Asia. In Russia, it is distributed in the European part and in the south of Siberia. Common in many regions of Central Russia.
Addition: The flowers are very beautiful, which is why the water lily is often called the white water lily. Unfortunately, the plant began to disappear from reservoirs near densely populated areas, as its flowers are constantly being cut off. The pollution of reservoirs is also important - the water lily prefers clean water. In some southern regions, European White water lily (Nymphaea alba L.), which has a rounded calyx base and flowers usually sticking out of the water. In the northern regions, there is a rare Small water lily, or tetrahedral (Nymphaea tetragona Georgi), with small, up to 5 cm in diameter, flowers.
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