In order to live safely and comfortably in a private house, the owner must be puzzled by installing a good heating system. There are several ways to keep the heat in the house, but the most popular of them is gas heating.
Today we will consider this topic in more detail, we will analyze what disadvantages and advantages gas heating has, how to choose a gas boiler and find out what heating options exist in this way.
The advantages of heating a house with gas are:
- The price of the gas itself. It is the most adequate based on the labor costs for heating.
- Low losses. Gas heating guarantees that 80-90% of the heat it generates will go to heat your home, and will not be wasted.
- Despite the small size of the equipment, it is able to heat large rooms.
- The unit is silent and does not require special care. The system is autonomous and can maintain the required temperature by itself, so you don't have to constantly monitor it.
- There is no dirt from the gas boiler.
- Double-circuit gas boilers not only heat the house, but also supply hot water.
- Gas holders that contain gas are considered safe for humans.
As you can see, it is quite profitable to purchase such a heating system. But we must not forget about the shortcomings that any type of heating has.
Perhaps, when purchasing a boiler, you should not forget that:
- The autonomy of the system is often provided by electricity. Therefore, in the event of its interruptions or malfunctions, the operation of the boiler will stop, fail. Electricity creates the thrust required by closed-type sediments, is responsible for the circulation of water. If it is turned off, for example, in winter, then there is a high probability of stagnation.
- The autonomy of the system is acquired for a lot of money, which can reach several hundred thousand.
- The room must be ventilated, have a chimney. This is necessary for the removal of exhaust gases. Applies to more open type gas units
- When purchasing gas heating, you need to adhere to the climate of your area. Severe frosts will not survive the boilers of European brands, since they are not sharpened for sharp changes in Russian temperatures.
- The deterioration of the burner reduces the efficiency of the gas boiler. But this is more likely not a minus, but something that should be borne in mind.
Calculation of gas consumption for heating a house
And now let's calculate whether it is so profitable to install gas heating in a private house. To do this, we calculate how many liters are spent on heating.
To calculate the gas consumed, it is necessary to multiply the amount of kV needed for heating the house by one tenth of the volume of gas. Then it will turn out to find out how many cubic meters of gas are consumed in one hour.
For example, we have housing with an area of 250 square meters. Then a 25 kV boiler is needed to heat the house. Then:
25 kV * 0.1 m 3 \u003d 2.5 m 3 / h.
So, per day is spent:
2.5 m 3 / h * 24 h \u003d 60 m 3
For a month (we take 30 days):
60 m 3 * 30 d \u003d 1800 m 3
For a year, they consider this: they choose three cold months and add three more months to them, during which the boiler will work at half strength. For convenience, they take 100 days in the first case and 100 days in the second case. Then for the year it turns out:
(60 m 3 * 100 d) + (30 m 3 * 100 d) \u003d 9000 m 3
For houses with a smaller area, this figure is, of course, less. In addition, what comes out mathematically does not always correspond to practice. Usually the real figure is less than the declared one.
The calculation takes into account only heating.
To reduce the amount of heat loss, gas consumption, simple manipulations will help:
- It is necessary to pay attention to the thermal insulation of the house. This also applies to the roof.
- Change, if necessary, windows to plastic ones and replace doors.
- Install a heat accumulator, heating radiators, that is, equipment that allows you to save heat.
- Insulate floors.
Choice and types of gas boilers
You should know that. Each species has a right to exist in its own way and will provide good gas heating for a private house.
Single and double circuit boilers
Single-circuit boilers are intended solely for heating and do not perform any other functions. Purchased if you do not need to heat hot water directly from a gas boiler.
Such boilers work directly on the heating system. They can also be used to heat an indirect heating boiler, which in turn is used to provide the house with hot water.
Double-circuit gas boilers ideal for both space heating and water heating. It should be noted that double-circuit boilers are not always effective for heating water. Usually enough for only one active point. If, for example, you go to the shower and someone decides to wash the dishes, then you will already be taking a cold shower. You should take this into account when buying.
Wall and floor boilers
Wall-mounted boilers are safe and automated, but often work on only one type of gas - natural. (There are models in which you can change the burner and they will work on liquefied gas). They can be installed in kitchens, as it has a smaller size compared to the floor.
The power of wall-mounted boilers is often limited to 35-40 kW. Therefore, if you want to make gas heating in a large house, you will either have to install two wall-mounted boilers in a cascade mode of operation, or install a floor boiler.
Floor boilers are capable of heating large rooms, as they have a large capacity. They are universal in terms of fuel consumption: natural, liquefied, main gas is suitable. They are energized and independent. Often a cast iron heat exchanger is used. Due to their design, they have an efficiency lower than that of a wall-mounted one, but at the same time a longer service life.
Gas heating options
Reading the article, you probably noticed the mention of liquefied and trunk gases. A reasonable question arises: how do they differ? Is it more profitable to heat a private house with a pipeline or cylinders? Now let's figure it out.
Types of gas heating:
- Trunk. The most environmentally friendly. It consists mainly of methane, which is purified from various impurities, leaving a meager amount of an odorant that allows people to detect gas leaks. However, installing it can not do without a headache. You will need to coordinate documents with official bodies, you will need to worry about sufficient pressure in the pipes, and the wiring itself is a rather complicated undertaking.
- Liquefied. The same gas in cylinders of bright red color, in which the familiar propane-butane mixture is stored. But they will not interfere if you install an underground tank in which you can safely store cylinders. It needs to be replenished once or twice a year. Suitable for all boilers.
As you can see, liquefied gas is more profitable than main gas, but it is important to remember that about 50 liters of gas are placed in one cylinder. One such cylinder is changed every two to three days. While the main pipes enter your apartments. And gas holders, in which gas is stored in cylinders, are filled with a special machine. This fact is taken into account in winter. The storage facility must be cleared of snow.
Alternative ways to heat a private house
Gas is not the only source of heat that can heat your home. There is also indoors. But are they so beneficial compared to a gas system?
Ways of alternative heating of a private house:
- Electricity. The most common and affordable source of energy, however, it is almost the most expensive. It may simply not be enough to heat a private house, since not every power grid will be able to transfer the amount of energy necessary for heating. Malfunctions in the winter are not ruled out. Not the most economical and practical option.
- Diesel. Diesel fuel has a high price. It tolerates a very unpleasant aroma, from which you can’t get rid of anything either at home or on the street. And if you take diesel fuel of insufficient quality, then the heating system may break down. Not the best option.
- solid fuels. Coal and wood. They need to be supplied to the heating system two to four times a day. Every day it is necessary to remove ashes from the heating system. Naturally, a considerable amount of fuel of this kind is required to heat a house per year. This requires large sums of money. For them, you should have a separate warehouse, in addition, they are dangerous, as they can emit carbon monoxide. In this regard, gas installations are more cost-effective and safer.
- Pellets. These are special granules that are made from peat and wood waste. Its disadvantages are similar to the disadvantages of coal and firewood: you need a room to store a large amount of pellets, they do not smell very good and they often need to be loaded into the heating system. The difference is that they are cheaper than all the fuels listed above, except for gas. Yes, and you need to load them less often than firewood or coal: no more than once a week. Not a bad option.
Obviously, gas heating wins in many ways: efficiency, ease of operation, minimal heat loss, low cost of the fuel itself. Therefore, if you decide to install a good heating system, then opt for a system with gas heating of the coolant.
Useful related videos
Which boiler is better: single-circuit or double-circuit?
Which boiler to choose: wall or floor?
Today, it is gas equipment for home heating that is very popular, since natural gas is the most profitable option. The gas heating system, in addition to the heating device itself, includes gas pipelines that provide fuel supply, pipes, radiators and other auxiliary equipment.
Gas heating equipment has many advantages:
- rapid heating of the system;
- high efficiency = 80-98%;
- there is no need for the constant availability of fuel reserves;
- independence from electricity;
- the heating process is maximally automated;
- emits a minimum of harmful substances;
- low cost of fuel.
domestic hot water supply
Distinguish 3 types of gas equipment for heating a private house:
- gas boilers;
- convectors;
- infrared gas emitters.
The latter type is mainly used for heating large areas. And the first two are suitable for heating a house or apartment.
Infrared equipment is placed under the ceiling. The emitters are a casing with a reflector directed to the floor with a ceramic nozzle in the form of flat plates with holes. Between the nozzle and the casing there is a space into which the fuel mixture is supplied, which heats the tiles to a high temperature. Then the combustion process is carried out already on the ceramic element, due to which heat from it enters the room. A significant advantage of an infrared gas emitter is the small amount of combustion products that quickly enter the ventilation system.
gas boilers
The most optimal equipment for heating a house is a gas boiler. It is chosen in terms of power in accordance with the area of \u200b\u200bhousing, as well as the level of its insulation. For heating a private house, a unit with a capacity of up to 60 kW is usually enough. You can also choose a device that will not only heat the room, but also produce hot water for domestic needs.
There are gas boilers on the market for wall or floor placement. But you need to pay attention that the floor options are more powerful than the wall ones. The choice of gas units is huge, they differ in the type of combustion chamber, the material of the heat exchanger, the type of gas burner, the presence of various modern functions, etc. Most gas boilers are capable of operating on both main and liquefied fuels.
Convectors
The advantages of a gas convector are compact dimensions and ease of installation. But its adjustment should be done by specialists. Modern convectors fit well into any interior and are safe. Their service life depends on the material from which they are made and varies from 17 to 45 years.
Convectors work both from natural, and from bottled gas.
Gas heating installation diagrams
The installation of gas equipment for home heating may differ depending on the type of coolant circulation selected in the system:
- natural;
- forced (using a circulation pump).
Natural circulation of the coolant
In order for water to move freely through the pipeline system at a certain speed, pipes with a larger diameter and a slight slope should be installed. This option provides a larger volume of water in the pipeline than a forced circulation system. If the coolant moves slowly, the heating efficiency will decrease, and the last radiators in the system will remain cold. Therefore, for houses of a large area, the gravity system is not suitable.
The advantages of natural circulation of the coolant include independence from electricity.
Forced movement of the coolant
A system with forced movement of the coolant is more efficient - water of sufficient temperature quickly enters even remote radiators. If necessary, the speed of movement of the liquid in the pipes can be adjusted by means of a pump. The forced system is more convenient to operate, but it depends on the power supply. Therefore, for regions where electricity is often turned off, it is better to install a heating system with natural circulation of the coolant. But if you still want pump-controlled heating, you will have to purchase a generator to ensure its smooth operation, which will lead to additional costs.
Wiring methods
There are three types of piping:
- single-pipe;
- two-pipe;
- radiation.
Single pipe wiring
A single pipe system is a series connection of all elements to one pipe. This wiring option is the most economical, as less material is spent. However, it cannot reproduce the same heat dissipation of radiators. The coolant, having reached the last battery, loses its original temperature. You can compensate for heat losses by adding additional radiators to the last sections.
Note! It is possible to balance a single-pipe heating system if thermostats are installed on each radiator, which allow you to change the volume of coolant passing through it. To avoid disturbances in the circulation of water in the system, a bypass should be connected to each radiator, through which the coolant that has not entered the battery will pass.Two-pipe system
In a two-pipe system, two parallel threads of radiators are made. In this case, the consumption of pipes is greater than with a single-pipe version. A coolant of the same temperature is supplied to each pipeline string, so the heat transfer will also be the same. It is also allowed to install thermostats on each thread of a two-pipe system, but without bypasses.
Due to convenience and high efficiency, a two-pipe system is more often used, although this option will require more pipeline.
Beam wiring
The beam wiring system is the most expensive in terms of the number of pipes. It assumes that each radiator has connections to the supply and return pipes. The heating device is connected to the radiators through a collector - an element that has one input and many outputs. In this case, you can adjust the temperature on the collector.
Gas heating, made using beam wiring, is the most reliable. Even if one radiator has problems, all the others will be able to work. This option is chosen if the pipes are hidden under the screed.
Connection to the gas line
You can connect to the gas main if the gas pipeline is nearby, and with the official consent of the gas service. In advance, you should draw up a project for gasification of the house. To do this, attract specialists from a company that provides these services and has the appropriate license.
The location plan indicates the location of the tie-in of new gas pipes. All plans and schemes are submitted for approval to the gas supply company. After obtaining official permission, you can begin work on the installation of the heating system. Installation and connection should only be carried out by specialists.
If there is no distribution substation in your area that lowers the gas pressure, you should install a reducer that will perform this function when supplying main fuel to the house.
Features of the autonomous heating device
If there is no central gas main nearby, then you will have to stop at the option of autonomous heating of the house on liquefied fuel. Most gas boilers and convectors are used for both natural and liquefied gas.
Cylinders with fuel must be located outside the residential building in a special metal ventilated container. Usually containers of 50 liters are combined into a group of three to ten pieces. The gas is supplied through a hole in the wall and container through a pipeline to the gas device.
For heating a large house, it is more convenient to use a gas tank so as not to constantly change gas cylinders. A gas storage tank is a metal container located above or below the ground. A considerable amount will have to be spent on the installation of a gas tank, but it will last for a rather long time and can provide the heating system with fuel for a long time without refueling. You can save on gas storage if you agree with neighbors and organize the installation of the tank by common efforts.
Note! The gas tank should be located at a distance of at least 10 m from housing.The advantages of gas autonomous heating include:
- independence from the gas supply company;
- the ability to control the quality of fuel;
- system durability;
- reliability.
The downside is the need to independently organize the delivery of gas.
Elements of an autonomous gas system
Mandatory elements of any autonomous system are:
- Heat generator: gas boiler or convector.
- Pipeline with radiators. The most optimal material for pipes is metal-plastic.
- Shutoff valves - it is installed to increase fuel economy. The main components are ball and shut-off valves, gate valves and needle valves.
- The maximum savings in the operation of the heating system can be achieved by installing an automatic control and adjustment system. Automation changes fuel consumption depending on the temperature in the premises. Modern functions that save gas are built into the new models of units. But even if the simplest design of the boiler is installed, you can purchase the equipment separately.
An economical and convenient gas heating system can only be designed by a specialist. If you do not have experience in this matter, it is better to entrust the development of the project to the appropriate company.
Gas boiler as a heat source used everywhere and is considered the best means of heating the room.
Natural gas - the most accessible and inexpensive energy source. That is why gas heating is so popular.
Even in the absence of the possibility of connecting to the main line, one can consider alternative home gasification projects(gas holder, gas cylinders).
Gas heating system
The use of gas boilers for space heating is the most common way to heat private houses. When heating a house with gas no waste is generated: no dust, no dirt.
Distinguish between floor and wall boilers. They have the following characteristics:
- Floor appliances have a significant mass due to the cast-iron heat exchangers installed in them. They need a separate room. They work up to 50 years due to the anti-corrosion properties of cast iron.
- Wall gas boilers can be installed in the kitchen or in the corridors. The heat exchangers in them are made of steel, so they have less weight and a fairly presentable appearance, the devices fit well into the home interior. Serve from 15 to 20 years old, have a lower cost.
There are two types boilers: single-circuit, used exclusively for heating, and double-circuit, which also heat water.
Devices are classified and by type of combustion chamber. She happens:
- open- consumes air from the room (accordingly, additional ventilation is required);
- closed— takes the street air.
Principle of operation, scheme
The device of the heating system using a gas boiler is standard. It contains:
- heat source;
- water as a heat carrier;
- circulation pump;
- pipeline;
- expansion tank;
- heating elements;
- shut-off and control valves.
Photo 1. Scheme of heating a private house using a gas boiler. Radiators and underfloor heating are used for heating.
Presented on the market many models gas boilers, but fundamentally, they practically do not differ from each other. Using internal sensors and thermostats, the controller supplies natural gas to the combustion chamber. In the heat exchanger, water is heated to the required temperature and pumped into the heating circuit by a pump. Heating will go on until the required temperature is reached.
In the future, automation will maintain the temperature at a given level, without requiring human control. Double-circuit boilers involve the use of water from a heat exchanger for domestic needs, but fluid intake somewhat limited to maintain balance and depends on the size and power of the unit. Some gas boilers are used in the "warm floor" system and even for heating pools and greenhouses.
Advantages and disadvantages
Gas boilers are the most economical sources of heat, but They also have other positive aspects:
- They can heat large rooms.
- They have a high efficiency 80—95% ).
- Warm up rooms quickly.
- There is no need to monitor the boiler, everything is automated as much as possible.
- If for some reason the flame of the burner goes out, then it will be re-ignited.
- Easy to operate and maintain.
- Have a long service life from 15 years old).
- They allow you to control the temperature in the house to a degree.
- The use of such boilers is safe.
- The devices are compact.
Minuses gas boilers:
- It is not economically feasible to place these devices in houses with an area of less than 100 m2, their use in such conditions is considered extremely dangerous.
- Installation of gas boiler equipment requires the preparation of the necessary documentation (you need to obtain permission from Gaztekhnadzor).
- It is necessary to install a chimney to remove exhaust gases.
- The room in which the boiler is installed must have a separate exit to the street and forced air ventilation (especially for boilers with an open combustion chamber).
- With low gas pressure or burner failure, the efficiency of the device drops sharply.
- Requires the installation of expensive automation that provides security control.
The most profitable is the installation of a gas boiler in a house connected to the main gas supply network. From the central pipe, a supply is made to the house directly to the heating equipment, which allows you to completely forget about the issue of space heating, energy delivery and operating costs. These heating systems comply with all modern environmental standards.
The autonomous gas heating system includes gas tank or gas bottles. It is advisable to plan and take into account the installation of a gas tank on the site during development.
This will make it possible to lay the gas pipeline underground to the boiler room and kitchen. The use of balloons is practically unlimited.
When calculating the efficiency of heating private houses with liquefied gas, it must be taken into account that one 50 liter bottle accommodates 35-42 liters of gas. Heating consumption 100 sq. m. per day for any boiler is 15 l. It must also be remembered that the cylinders are filled once a week. Heating a house with gas cylinders can be considered profitable under the following conditions:
- The size of the house is smaller 100 sq. m.
- The building is well insulated.
- The gas boiler is a backup.
- In the future, gasification of the settlement is planned.
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AGV heating: what is it
Back in the Soviet years, heating systems used autonomous gas water heaters. These installations are the simplest of all those used in heating systems using natural gas. Advantages of AGV installations:
- the simplest design, providing ease of control;
- low price;
- compactness;
- independence from electricity;
- reliability.
Photo 2. Description of the device of an autonomous gas water heater. The arrows indicate the component parts of the device.
Negative aspects of the units - short service life, frequent failures of automation, condensation.
Appliances remain popular because of cheapness And constant increase in electricity tariffs.
How to make a heating system with your own hands
In a private house, you can mount a gas heating system with your own hands. This requires:
- make the necessary thermal and hydraulic calculations;
- draw up a working draft with a gas heating scheme;
- purchase materials and equipment;
- carry out the installation;
- test the heating system under high pressure;
- put into operation.
When developing a gas heating scheme, they are determined with coolant circulation: decide whether she will natural or forced. An important point is also the choice of one-pipe or two-pipe wiring of the heating circuit.
After choosing a heating scheme and piping you can calculate the required power boiler, circulation pump and radiators, as well as determine the diameter of the pipes, the number and size of them.
Types of boilers
Having decided on the power of the gas boiler, proceed to the choice of the device.
Regardless of the type of boiler, the main task of the owner is to ensure the efficient operation of the most important communication system at home. with minimal financial and labor costs.
Installation of equipment
Installation of the heating system begins with the installation of the boiler.
Required Tools for installation of the heating system:
- roulette;
- perforator;
- level;
- expander;
- gas, adjustable and conventional wrenches;
- screwdriver or screwdriver.
For fastening use 4 screws with diameter 6-7 mm. Using a level, check the accuracy of the installation. After that, a connection to the water supply is made using a coarse water filter. Install ball valves. Connect the chimney.
Attention! Connect the boiler to the gas pipeline only a specialist should.
After installing the gas boiler, they proceed to laying the pipeline according to the scheme. There are three types of pipes used in heating systems:
- metal;
- metal-plastic;
- polymeric.
Best suited for the heating system of a private house plastic pipeline. He is not afraid of changes in temperature and pressure. Its installation is carried out using a special kit that allows you to reliably solder the elements of the system.
Choose radiators taking into account the required power. There are different types of batteries on the market:
- steel;
- cast iron;
- aluminum;
- bimetallic.
Photo 3. Bimetallic radiator. Such devices are often used in gas heating systems.
Blue fuel is constantly becoming more expensive, but gas heating still remains the most popular option for heating a private house. The main reasons are: efficiency, usability and reliability of power supply - the pipe is blocked much less often than the electricity is turned off. The price of fuel depends on the country and region of residence.
To make a gas heating system for a country cottage or cottage, you need to clarify a number of points in advance:
- Evaluate the possibility of connecting the main gas or installing a container for the supply of propane-butane mixture - a gas tank.
- Select a heat source suitable for combustion of gaseous fuel.
- Develop a scheme for efficient heating of rooms.
Ways of gasification of a residential building
There are 3 options for supplying natural gas for heating needs:
- connect to the nearest highway;
- install an underground (ground) gas tank on the adjacent territory, run a fuel supply pipe into the building;
- use fuel in cylinders.
Scheme of autonomous gasification of a dwelling from a ramp with propane cylindersReference. Centralized gas supply networks supply methane, gas tanks and cylinders are filled with a liquefied hydrocarbon mixture (LPG for short) propane + butane.
Each of the above methods has its pros and cons. The simplest and cheapest option is to mount the LPG rail inside a metal cabinet installed outside the house. Permits and professional installation are not required - all work can be done by hand. The problem lies in the operation of the installation:
- in order to properly heat a home for 2-3 days, you will need at least 4 cylinders plus two in stock;
- twice a week you will have to fill empty tanks with bottled gas - to carry and transport heavy containers;
- during transportation, you can be stopped and fined by a police officer, the reason is the transportation of dangerous pressure vessels in a conventional car;
- in winter, the cabinet with cylinders must be heated, otherwise the propane will stop evaporating, electricity costs will be added to the total cost of heating.
Preliminary conclusion. Heating a residential country house with propane cylinders is extremely inconvenient and expensive. This option is suitable for a small cottage, where autonomous heating is turned on periodically, 5-6 days a month.
How to conduct main gas
The procedure for connecting heating equipment to an external gas network in the post-Soviet countries is approximately the same. If the low pressure line passes near the dwelling (no further than 200 m), collect the following package of documents:
- design documentation - land plot layout (with all buildings), building passport;
- certificate of ownership;
- situational plan - part of the scheme of a settlement with a gas pipeline;
- a statement of the established form indicating personal data, address of residence and other information;
- fuel consumption, m³/h.
Calculation example. A two-story house with an area of 200 square meters is planned to be heated by an economical gas boiler with a closed chamber, productivity - 20 kW, efficiency = 92%. Fuel consumption in the maximum combustion mode will be V = 20 / (9.2 x 92 / 100) = 2 m³ / h.
Provide the collected documents to the subscriber department of the gas supplier organization. After approval, you are given technical conditions for connection, which are the basis for designing an external and internal fuel network. You order a project, agree with the service provider and proceed with the installation.
Laying the gas pipeline above ground (left) and underground (photo on the right) An important point. If gas equipment for the home can be installed independently, then the laying of pipelines and connection to the main line is carried out only by a specialized company. Upon completion, acts of completed work and the readiness of the facility for operation are drawn up. A detailed description of the procedure is given in the article on the heater.
The heat supply system of the cottage, which consumes the main gas, is very convenient and profitable in operation (excluding countries where the price of fuel has increased by 5-10 times). Now for the disadvantages:
- Unreasonably high cost of connection to the centralized gas supply network. In the Moscow region RF service price often reaches 7500 USD. e. (more than 500 thousand rubles), residents of remote regions can fit in 1000 c.u. e.
- Bureaucratic red tape in the preparation of permits and contracts.
- Dependence on an external source of blue fuel supply. In recent years, users of the CIS countries have noted the supply of low-calorie gas, presumably diluted with nitrogen.
Before installing the gas pipeline, you need to buy a meter, valves and pipes specified in the project To install or replace equipment in a gasified dwelling, it is necessary, again, to contact Gorgaz - to obtain permission and make changes to the project. Designing individual heating in an apartment of a multi-storey building is an almost impossible mission.
Autonomous heating with liquefied propane
The device of gas independent heating involves the placement of an underground or above-ground tank on the adjacent plot and the laying of a supply pipeline. For clarity, we will give a more detailed list of design and construction and installation works:
An important addition. Before installing the LPG tank, you must obtain permission from the district architect and agree in writing on the location of the tank with the neighbors. A package of documents - a building passport, a site plan, a certificate of ownership and various certificates at the request of the architectural department. Unauthorized construction is unacceptable - the object will not be accepted into operation, no one will fill the gas tank without permission.
When installing the container, it is necessary to observe the indicated distances to the nearest objects It will not be possible to do the whole range of work with your own hands - you will have to hire a specialized company. The cost of turnkey construction starts from 1500 USD. e., which is comparable to the connection of the main methane. What pitfalls await you when choosing a container and paying for the services of installers:
Advice. It is better not to buy frankly cheap gas tanks, such tanks are made from used metal vessels. The service life of the restored tank is 10 years, the new one is at least 25 years.
Do not rush to conclude a tank maintenance agreement, since there is nothing to repair and clean there, and you will have to pay money. We recommend listening to the video:
Conclusion. Both options - heating the house with liquefied and natural gas - are expensive to implement. In terms of operating costs, methane definitely wins, in terms of autonomy - LPG. But if we offer another choice - gas or electric heating, then the latter will clearly lose in terms of the average cost of a kilowatt, even taking into account the preferential night rate.
Choosing heating equipment
To burn gas to heat private houses, 4 types of heat generators are used:
- hot water boilers;
- gas convectors and fireplaces;
- infrared heaters;
- heat guns.
From the name it is clear that gas boilers are designed to work with water heating systems - radiators or underfloor heating. Infrared devices heat objects and exposed surfaces, transferring heat to indoor air. Fireplaces, convectors and fan heaters are purely air units.
Thermal gas guns and infrared heating devices are practically not used for full-fledged heating of residential buildings. Such equipment is ideal for small country houses and outbuildings - greenhouses, sheds, construction sites and so on. Therefore, we propose to focus on stationary heat sources - boilers and convectors.
Varieties of water heaters
Gas boilers are able to work with any water systems - underfloor heating, radiators, floor convectors and baseboard heaters. In cottages of a large area on 2-4 floors, a more modern solution is often implemented - the device prepares a coolant for air heating units - water heaters or fan coil units.
According to the principle of operation, boilers are divided into 3 groups:
- Atmospheric with an open chamber work due to the natural draft that occurs in a chimney of a certain height (4 ... 6 meters or more). The air necessary for combustion is drawn into the furnace from the boiler room, the efficiency of the devices lies in the range of 86 ... 90%.
- Turbocharged with a closed chamber are more economical. Here, air is blown into the sealed firebox by a fan connected to a double-walled coaxial chimney. Natural draft is not required, the efficiency of the units reaches 93%.
- Condensing heat generators are similar in structure to turbocharged models. The difference lies in the design of the burner and the main cylindrical heat exchanger. In low-temperature mode, the boiler uses the latent heat of combustion of gas, which increases the efficiency to 96%.
Classification of boilers for natural and liquefied gas Comment. 99% of all heaters are able to burn main gas and LPG without loss of efficiency. In order to, it is enough to replace the burner jets and adjust the automation settings, nothing needs to be redone.
All types of boilers are offered in floor and wall versions. Most stationary models operate without being connected to the mains, while wall-mounted versions are mini-boiler rooms equipped with a built-in circulation pump and expansion tank. To provide the house with hot water, two-circuit modifications with a flow heat exchanger are produced.
There are combined versions of heaters designed for the use of gas, wood and coal, or supplemented with an electric heater. The combination of a solid fuel chamber with a gas chamber increases the size and weight of the product, but reduces the efficiency of fuel combustion. Another thing is the addition of a heating element, which does not take up much space and does not affect the efficiency of the boiler.
Electric-gas (left) and coal-gas heat generator from the Atem brand Consideration of each type of natural gas heat generators is a rather extensive topic, deserving a separate description. Here are some recommendations for choosing a boiler for gas heating a home:
- Take the thermal performance of the unit with a margin of at least 20%. If you plan to heat water for the needs of hot water supply, increase the power by 1.5-2 times.
- Choose a heat generator according to financial possibilities. If a chimney is built in the house, purchase an inexpensive atmospheric boiler, in the absence of one, a pressurized apparatus. Installation of a sandwich chimney is more expensive than a turbocharged model, along with a coaxial exhaust gas outlet.
- A double-circuit version of the heater is quite enough for one draw-off point. To simultaneously use hot water in two bathrooms, it is better to put a single-circuit unit plus.
- Under the gravity heating system, take a non-volatile floor-standing boiler, for example, a budget version of the AGV type.
- To work with underfloor heating and a closed system, any wall-mounted heat generator is perfect. The choice of manufacturer and number of heater functions depends on your budget.
- When installing individual heating for a dwelling in an apartment building, choose a wall-mounted turbocharged version of a gas boiler with a coaxial chimney.
Because of the high price tag, condensing heat generators continue to be a luxury for the average homeowner. The second negative point is the complex control electronics, which will be expensive in the event of a breakdown, for example, from power surges.
Application of gas convectors and fireplaces
We have combined these types of heaters because they work in much the same way - they burn gas and heat room air. In appearance and method of smoke emission, the convector resembles a parapet boiler - the apparatus is placed close to the outer wall, the pipe is led out into the street through the building structure. The fireplace will need a traditional chimney.
Reference. Unlike convectors, a gas fireplace emits infrared heat into the room, creating a comfortable atmosphere in the room. In this regard, the unit resembles a classic stove, equipped with a transparent panoramic firebox door.
Features of gas convective heating:
- heaters are located in every room except the corridor;
- the air temperature is regulated directly on the room heater;
- outside, fuel pipes connected to the gas network or LPG tanks are connected to the devices;
- fuel combustion efficiency is in the range of 85…90%;
- there are no pipe wiring and batteries inside the dwelling.
A fireplace is an expensive product; you cannot place such devices in all rooms. A decorative gas hearth is placed in the living room, acting as a source of warmth and home comfort.
In our opinion, the use of convectors is justified in small houses with 2-3 living rooms. More spacious cottages are better to heat with boilers. Causes:
A clear drawback of air heating devices is the inability to heat the lower zone of the room. An alternative solution - electric underfloor heating + gas convectors - will be too expensive.
Finally, about water heating schemes
To distribute heat in the rooms of a country dwelling, 4 main schemes are used:
- two-pipe dead end;
- single-pipe ring, otherwise - "Leningrad";
- collector (beam);
- gravity or gravity.
Gravity distribution with natural circulation of water from the boiler, the pump works with the presence of electricity Note. As a rule, the first three circuits are made closed, that is, the system operates under excess pressure. When it is necessary to ensure the energy independence of heating, an open-type gravitational wiring is installed.
The heating scheme of a private house with a gas boiler is the most versatile and easy to install. 2 pipes are laid from the heat source to the batteries - supply and return, if necessary, the system is divided into floor branches, as shown in the figure below.
If you plan to assemble the circuit yourself, definitely accept the two-pipe version for execution. Other types of wiring are more difficult to calculate and mount correctly. "Leningradka" is limited by the number of radiators, the lines of the beam system must be laid in the floor. analyzed in detail in our other material and described by the master in the video.
To date, the most common type of heating for private and apartment buildings is gas heating. The gas heating system implies the location of heating devices inside the room that is heated. The gas heating system, in addition to the main appliances, also includes gas pipelines that provide fuel supply and heat output, automatic devices designed to safely use gas, shut-off and control valves.
Types of gas heating equipment
There are several different types of heating equipment that operate on gas fuel. Some equipment is used for private houses, while other types are more suitable for heating industrial buildings.
Equipment for gas heating includes: boilers, convectors, infrared gas emitters. Usually the latter type is used in those rooms that have a large area. Emitters are placed mainly under the ceiling.
The infrared gas heating system is a casing that has a reflector turned to the floor with a ceramic nozzle made of flat tiles with holes at the bottom.
There is a space between the casing and the nozzle. It is here that the fuel mixture is supplied, which heats the tiles to high temperatures. After that, the combustion of gas occurs already on a hot ceramic nozzle, which radiates heat into the room, heating it in this way. In the process of using this type of heating equipment, gas combustion products are almost absent, their residues are removed by the ventilation system.
gas boilers
If you need to equip gas heating in a private house, then the best option would be a gas boiler. It is necessary to choose such gas heating equipment carefully, since comfort and heat in the room depend on the boiler.
The most indicative characteristic of a gas boiler is power. So, gas boilers are small (4-65 kW), medium (up to 1700 kW) and large (up to 15000 kW) power.
Depending on the power of the gas boiler, the type of burner and unit is selected. In addition, it should be borne in mind that wall-mounted heaters usually have low power, and floor-mounted ones have high power. Also, floor and wall models differ in that they have a different design and material of the heat exchanger. For wall options, copper heat exchangers are most often used, and for floor options, steel or cast iron.
In addition, boilers that use gas heating systems can be single-circuit and double-circuit.
Single-circuit boilers heat only the room. So, hot water comes from a storage boiler. Double-circuit boilers are designed not only for heating purposes, but also for supplying hot water. Such boilers can be flow-through (with a small consumption of hot water) and with a built-in storage boiler (an independent gas burner heats the water, or a coil is indirectly connected to the boiler).
Gas boilers consist of several elements:
- Gas-burner. This is a perforated rectangular design. Inside, it consists of elements such as a gas nozzle for heating.
- Heat exchanger. Inside this box is a built-in radiator with pipes with a coolant.
- Circulation pump. Thanks to him, pressure is provided in the line.
- Expansion tank. Designed for temporary removal of the heat carrier during its heating and expansion.
- Combustion product removal device.
- Automation. This is the boiler control unit.
Gas convectors
A common method that uses natural gas heating is gas cylinders. In addition to the affordable price, this method has a number of other advantages.
First, we note the ease of installation. Standardized fasteners are used here, so pipe installation is simple and you can do it yourself. But setting up the equipment should be done by professionals.
Modern gas convectors are very compact. Thanks to this, they fit well into any interior.
A particular advantage is safety. After all, everything is controlled by automation. In addition, gas convectors are durable. Their service life depends on the material, on average it is 20-50 years.
Gas convectors are able to operate from a gas main, as well as autonomously, if there is a cylinder with liquefied gas. The number of installed cylinders depends on the area of the room. Such cylinders are mounted not only indoors, but also in special cabinets located at the outer wall of the building. If such gas containers are used for heating, such as cylinders, then heating will be very comfortable and economical.
Installation of a gas heating system
To install a gas heating system for premises, several steps should be carried out. First of all, a heating system project is drawn up, then all equipment is purchased, after which the installation and filling of the system with a heat carrier takes place.
After the project and scheme of gas heating are drawn up and agreed with the gas service, all materials and equipment are purchased, it's time to install the heating system. Installation must be carried out by professionals. First, pipelines, heating risers are installed, automation is installed for control, special devices for regulation. Next, the heating system is started and optimized.
Advantages of a gas heating system
Among the obvious advantages of a gas heating system, we note the following:
- low inertia (quick access to the required operating mode, rapid space heating);
- high efficiency (80-95%);
- there is no need for constant provision of fuel reserves;
- independence from electrical energy;
- air conditioning systems, baths, area lighting, etc. can operate from a gas heater;
- the process of functioning is maximally automated;
- such systems comply with modern environmental standards, as they emit a minimum of harmful substances;
- no operating costs;
- you can adjust the temperature;
- the cost of the equipment is quite acceptable.
If you do not want to connect to a common highway, or it is not available on the site, then you can make autonomous gas heating. Thanks to such a system, heat consumption will be carried out rationally, and there will be no losses in the main networks.
The project of an autonomous gas heating system is best created when designing a house. After all, the place for the boiler room and the gas tank must be determined immediately. Fuel from the gas tank to the house must be supplied underground using a gas pipeline.
In addition to the fact that such a heating system performs the function of heating, it is also able to provide both a constant supply of hot water and heating from a gas stove.
Other ways to use natural gas for heating
Gas-fired heating is becoming more and more common. Usually it is used in industrial enterprises, warehouses, as well as entertainment complexes.
Recently, gas air heating has been used in private homes.
The meaning of air heating devices is that air is supplied through the heat exchanger with the help of a fan. Such devices can be different - depending on the type of fan, coolant, power.
Along with air gas heating, gas heating guns are also used. Such guns (heaters) are not only on natural gas, but also on balloon. All guns are direct heated, they do not use the removal of combustion products. Usually they are used for heating warehouses, greenhouses, open areas.
