The durability of the structure being created depends on the reliability of the foundation. That is why, before creating the foundation, it is necessary to carefully prepare for such a process. First, it is worth determining what type of foundation should be used in a particular area. Most often, a tape base is created for the house. To understand how to choose the right foundation, it is worth considering popular options and learning about the features of creating one or another type of foundation.
The preparatory stage of creating the foundation
The strip foundation is the most popular for the following reasons:
- such a foundation can be created on almost any type of soil;
- cheapness;
- ease of laying the structure;
- reliability;
- no need to use heavy equipment and a team of workers.
Before starting to create the base, it is necessary to accurately calculate the required amount of materials. It depends on the weight of the house and the type of soil. At this stage, it is worth considering the cost of delivering materials to the construction site.
During preparation, it is necessary to clear the site of debris and mark the territory. Before marking, it is necessary to accurately calculate the load on the foundation. This will determine the width and depth of the base. For marking, it is enough to drive wedges around the perimeter of the foundation and pull a cord between them. It is important to ensure that both lines are parallel to each other.
The optimal distance between the cords is 40 cm. To be sure of the accuracy of the installation of the wedges, it is necessary to measure the diagonals between the opposite corners of the rectangle. If they are equal, this means that the cord is tensioned correctly. Properly selected dimensions will avoid unnecessary material costs and make the base more reliable.
It is worth remembering that concrete should be worked in the summer. It is important to choose a period without rain. Before you properly pour the foundation under the house, you should learn about the features of common types of foundations.
Features of the pile foundation
If a pile foundation is being created, after marking the territory, it is necessary to create holes for the foundation. In order for the foundation to be strong, it is necessary to dig recesses below the freezing level of the soil. It is worth remembering that after pouring the foundation begins to settle, as a result of which cracks and other deformations may occur. But the creation of a sand cushion avoids such problems. To do this, you need to compact the soil at the bottom of the hole, then pour about 15 cm of sand. After that, it must be moistened and tamped.
It is worth remembering that in order to create a pile foundation, it is necessary to choose cement of a grade not lower than M200. In order to be sure of the reliability of the foundation, it is better to purchase material of the M400 brand. When choosing materials, special attention should be paid to the quality of the sand. It should not contain debris and large pebbles.
It is necessary to create a solution only in the amount that is required to complete the work on a certain day. When creating a pile foundation, first the hole is filled with a solution of about 15 cm. After that, the reinforcing cage is installed from several metal rods. They allow you to create a more reliable foundation.
Before choosing a foundation for a house, it is necessary to carry out geological exploration and determine which foundation will be more reliable.
Arrangement of strip foundation
Before creating a strip foundation, the marking of the territory occurs in the same way as during the installation of piles. During marking, it is necessary to ensure that the distance between the cords is 50-60 cm. In order to understand how to properly fill the foundation, it is necessary to consult with experienced builders in advance.
A frame is created by tying the rods with wire. It is important to install smooth reinforcement vertically, and embossed reinforcement horizontally. After tying, the rods should form square or rectangular cells. The creation of a reinforced frame can be done in two ways:
- Inside the created trench. This option is acceptable in the absence of construction equipment. With this method of creating a reinforcing cage, only the inner or outer side of the formwork is mounted. This method is most often used if the strip foundation is created inside the pit.
- Creating a frame outside the formwork. With this method, the frame is created at the construction site, after which it is placed inside the formwork using a truck crane.
To properly pour the foundation for a concrete house, you should first consult with experienced builders. This will allow you to more accurately determine the dimensions of the base.
The process of placing concrete
During the laying of the mortar, it is worth remembering that concreting should be carried out horizontally without technological interruptions. During the creation of the foundation, several rules should be observed:
