For a comfortable stay in a country house, you need to think over the structure of the sewer system correctly. It should be designed in such a way that it works as efficiently as possible. In some cases, some difficulties may arise regarding the choice of equipment and the type of soil on the territory, but following the recommendations of specialists, everything can be done efficiently and correctly. With minimal knowledge and experience, you can make the local sewage system in a private house yourself.
As a rule, all work on the improvement of a country house will depend on individual conditions. If it is possible to connect to the central manifold, then it is enough only to locate the internal pipeline and obtain permission for a tie-in to the common pipe.
Installation of a sewerage system of the Biotank type together with a purification system
This, of course, is a simple solution, but in most cases it is not feasible, so you have to install local treatment facilities, septic tanks, filtration fields, etc.
Since there are many options for septic tanks on the market, its choice becomes much more complicated.
How to choose the right sewer system?
Before buying a suitable wastewater treatment plant, you need to decide how much wastewater should be processed. To calculate this parameter, you need to answer the following questions:
- How many people will live in the house?
- Is there a permanent residency or is this home meant for occasional rest?
- How many plumbing fixtures and fittings in the house that will need to be connected to the sewer system?
- How often do other people visit the house?
You also need to decide whether it is advisable to buy purification equipment for the dacha that works with the use of special bacteria, if people come there only for the weekend? It should be said right away that bacteria work only when waste enters the device, if they do not enter, then living microorganisms simply die.
As for houses where permanent residence of people is envisaged, the purchase of such systems will be a very profitable solution. This is due to the fact that the wastewater is processed more efficiently, while it is necessary to resort to the services of a sewage truck much less often.
installation of a septic tank of the Topas type with the discharge of treated effluents into a reservoir
Before installing the sewer system, you should decide whether you need a volatile installation or not. Owners of country houses most often give preference to structures where drains pass by gravity. In this case, there is no need to use pumps and other electrical equipment.
Such a system will be highly reliable if properly designed. It is ideal for areas with frequent power outages.
Next, you need to decide what budget is allocated for the construction of the sewer system, will the work be done by hand or by the efforts of a special organization? In the second case, it is unlikely that it will be possible to save money, therefore many people prefer independent work, which must be performed with a clear sequence.
What is a septic tank?
Basically, for a simple country house, a simple septic tank with good performance is installed. In total, there are several options for its device, while the principle of their operation is practically the same.
For those who do not know what a septic tank is, it is worth saying that this is a system of chambers in which settling and purification of effluents takes place. After passing these mandatory stages, water enters the soil, passing through filtration fields or filtration wells. Typically, a treatment plant for a country house is built from two or three chambers.
Septic tanks with one chamber can be installed only for summer houses made according to the type of cottage. With such a system arrangement, it is impossible to do without pumping waste with the help of a sewage machine.
installation of a septic tank on the site
For a country house, it is better to install a septic tank with several cameras. Waste water will first go to the sump, where it is purified for the first time. After lowering the sediment to the bottom, the drains enter the next compartment, where they are further purified.
If the system works with maximum efficiency, then the water can be used for technical needs in the future. For example, this water can be used to water plants.
Installing a septic tank with your own hands is not such a difficult task if you know the features of construction and follow instructions from specialists. Most often, concrete rings are used for the construction of a structure; you can also purchase ready-made plastic tanks designed to create a local sewage system.
How does the work begin?
As a rule, all construction work begins with the same process, namely, drawing up a project. It is not recommended to act "by eye" and think that all issues will be resolved by themselves during installation. In the worst case, various errors can occur that affect the operation of the entire system and its performance.
What determines the choice of this or that treatment plant?
The sewerage device should begin with the selection of treatment equipment. In this case, there are only two options:
- make a septic tank with your own hands;
- install a ready-made local sewerage system in a private house, the device of which can be made immediately after its acquisition.
The first option actually turns out to be less costly, but a relatively large amount of time and effort will have to be spent on the construction of the treatment structure. Sometimes, building a septic tank on your own, it is not possible to achieve the required degree of tightness, therefore, such installations to some extent may pose some danger to the environment.
installation of a septic tank Eurobion together with Biotank
In order not to make any special efforts, some owners of private houses simply buy ready-made structures that are devoid of almost all disadvantages. It should be noted right away that such installations are not cheap, but they are able to work as efficiently as possible.
There are septic tanks of various capacities on sale. For example, for a sewerage device in the country, you can buy a mini-septic tank, which is not so expensive and is able to process up to one cubic meter of wastewater per day. As for large country houses with permanent residence of people, there will be little such equipment. It is better to buy a high-performance model right away.
What factors can influence the choice of treatment equipment?
For the correct device of the local sewage system in a country house and choose the optimal model of the purification device, it is necessary to take into account some conditions for using the future system:
- The installation must have such a capacity that the required volume of effluents is efficiently processed. This parameter mainly depends on the number of people living in the house. On average, one person receives about 200 liters of water. Also, the number of installed plumbing devices is of no small importance. Naturally, if several bathrooms, a jacuzzi, a swimming pool, a sauna, etc. are installed in a country house, then the water consumption will be much higher.
- The frequency of use of the system is of great importance. If people live in the house permanently, while actively using the sewage system, then it is more expedient to install a structure that works on biomaterial. In this case, reliable wastewater treatment and waste reduction are ensured. For a summer residence, it is better not to buy equipment that uses bacteria, since they die when the septic tank is idle.
- It is also important to pay attention to the geological issue. If a suburban sewer system is planned, then the composition of the soil and its characteristics are of great importance. If the site is dominated by clay soil or the groundwater level is too high, then this can become a problem for the use of some types of treatment units. In addition, a difficult terrain can also become an obstacle, since the drains will not always be able to pass by gravity.
Calculations and project preparation
Before making a local sewage system in a private house, you need to carry out its calculations. It is also required to define several basic parameters in advance, namely:
- what pipe diameter will be used;
- pipeline slope device;
- what will be the degree of filling of the main track;
- at what speed the water will pass through the pipes.
For the efficient operation of the household network, it is necessary to create conditions under which the water flow will not completely fill the pipe. Due to partial filling, optimal ventilation will be adhered to, therefore, a good operation of the water seal is ensured, and this means that the risk of an unpleasant odor in the room is eliminated. There are certain norms regarding the laying of sewers, where for each diameter of pipes their normal degree of filling is indicated.
What should you pay attention to? Since any sewerage system contains large fractions of pollution, it is recommended to use products with a diameter of 50-150 mm for the installation of an internal pipeline. As a rule, pipes of larger diameter are used to install the riser and drain from the toilet. Smaller pipe diameters are used to drain sinks and showers.
The main thing is to correctly calculate the level of the sewer slope. This is necessary in order for the wastewater to move by gravity through the pipeline at a normal speed. If the slope is too steep, the water will be drained out too quickly, and large dirt will be poorly washed off. If the speed is so low, then the solid fractions contained in the effluent will simply precipitate.
When using pipes with a diameter of 50 cm, a normal flow rate of wastewater will be considered equal to 0.9 meters per second. To ensure this condition, you need to make the slope of the pipeline 3 centimeters per meter of the product.
installation of a multi-section cleaner and drainage system
When the design and calculations are completed, you can proceed to the direct installation of the sewage system.
Work with the internal pipeline network
Internal sewerage wiring is necessary to collect waste from all plumbing fixtures. Also, through such a pipeline, these drains are transported to the riser and brought out of the house, that is, to the next part of the sewer system.
As a rule, in the house, pipes can be located in an open or closed way. The second option involves laying the wiring under the floor, in the walls and partitions of the house. If it is planned to make such a laying of pipes, then it is imperative to make access hatches, since sometimes it may be necessary to clean the sewer system.
For the device of internal sewerage, it is necessary to develop simple schemes; in the worst case, the gravity flow of drains may be difficult. If, nevertheless, a complex wiring option is used, then it will be necessary to additionally install a fecal pump to facilitate pumping waste.
The above phenomenon may occur due to the fact that the drainage will be carried out below the point of entry into the riser. This can also happen due to the remote location of the water intake points from each other.
Installation of external water supply networks
External networks are necessary for transporting wastewater from the point of its exit from the house to a treatment plant or to the point of entry into the central sewage system.
There are some mandatory rules for installing such a sewage system:
- it is best to use pipes made of cast iron, asbestos cement or plastic. Now it is the last option that is especially popular, since it is considered relatively inexpensive. Modern plastic pipes perfectly withstand significant loads, so their use is highly justified;
- products are placed in pre-made ditches. There are no special requirements regarding the depth of the installation, since the local climate, the composition of the soil and the remoteness of the septic tank from the house are taken into account;
- when installing a gravity system, it is important to make the correct slope of the sewer pipes;
- the products should be placed on a cushion made of sand and gravel. It needs to be laid at the bottom of the ditch and tamped well;
- at bends and on straight sections of the pipeline, it is necessary to install inspection wells, the interval between which should be no more than 20 meters;
- it is imperative to backfill the dug trenches. For this, not only soil is used, but also sand, which must be covered with the first layer.
Summarize
To build a sewer system in a country house with your own hands, you must first draw up a project, only after that you can proceed to the stage of installing pipes according to the scheme. To carry out such work, it is not necessary to involve specialists, since everything can be done independently, following the valuable recommendations and advice of professionals. In addition, it is imperative that you familiarize yourself with building codes and apply them in practice.
