In any case, in every production, in any sphere of human activity, there are measurements. Most often, this is required by drawings and state standards, sometimes - an industrial or vital necessity. The modern market is filled with the latest instrumentation and instruments, including laser ones. But this does not mean that the old, convenient and most frequently used toolkit is a thing of the past. We'll talk about it today, let's try to figure out what types of measuring instruments exist, and where they are used.
Classification
The measuring tool can be classified according to several criteria.
- By type of work. It is impossible to distribute meters with great accuracy to construction, locksmith and carpentry. Many gadgets are used everywhere. So this classification will be conditional.
- By materials, it can be divided into: metal, wood, plastic and combined.
- By way of use: manual, mechanical, automatic.
- By design: simple and complex.
Such distribution will help to correctly use the measuring instruments, ensure their storage in accordance with the rules and regulations.
Construction measuring tool
First of all, it's a roulette wheel. The tool is a metal strip with divisions (1 mm pitch), enclosed in a plastic or metal case. The tape can be wound manually or by means of a spring. They come in different lengths and widths. It is incorrect to attribute the tape measure only to the construction category; a class called "universal measuring tool" is more suitable for it.
You can see the varieties, descriptions, characteristics, prices, or choose something for yourself, by following the link - Construction tape measures.
In addition, builders in their work necessarily use:
Locksmith measuring tool
The work of a locksmith is usually associated with metal. His tools are used in mechanical engineering and metalworking. It is believed that the locksmith is the most accurate measuring tool. This fact is determined by the specifics and scope of its use, when the tolerances are in the range from 0.1 mm to 0.005 mm.
Besides a tape measure or a ruler, the main measuring tool is a vernier caliper. With its help, it is convenient to measure the inner and outer diameters of the holes, control the length of the workpieces. It consists of a stationary bar with graduations and a mobile frame. The upper jaws are used to measure the inside of the workpiece or finished product, the lower ones measure external parameters.
The list of control and measuring instruments also includes a height gauge mass. It is similar to a vernier caliper but has a special support. Complete with measuring and marking stands. It is used for marking workpieces, measuring heights, depths of holes, arrangement of elements of the body of parts.
The micrometer is used where an accuracy of up to 0.01 mm is required. The device consists of a tube with a scale, a sleeve and a tip. The set value is set by rotating the sleeve. A type of micrometer is a micrometric depth gauge. Instead of a bracket, it is equipped with a special rod, with which the depth of the holes in the parts is measured.
Joiner's measuring tool
Most control and measuring instruments are universal in nature, used by craftsmen of different professions. However, there are some that are used only in carpentry workshops. It:
In the arsenal of a professional of any level, there are always measuring instruments and devices, without which it is impossible to do a good job. It is important not only to be able to use them correctly, but also to provide decent storage conditions. Protect tools made of metal and wood from moisture, plastic tools - from direct sunlight and high temperature... And best of all, when each item has a case or a special box.
Any toolkit requires periodic checks and verifications. Some meters need to be calibrated. This need is indicated by the manufacturer in the passport for the product or device. Competent attitude to meters is a high-quality performance of work and a long service life of the tool.
Video
In technology, under such a concept as dimension, means a certain set of actions, the result of which is the determination of the numerical value that a certain physical value of the object has. Measurements are made using special technical means empirically.
In an industry such as mechanical engineering, without a variety of measurements it is absolutely impossible to manage. As a result, the quality of the products directly depends on the accuracy with which they are carried out. As for the values measurement accuracy, then in modern machine-building enterprises it is usually in the range from 0.001 millimeter to 0.1 millimeter.
In order to quickly and with minimal errors produce technical measurements, specialized devices and structures are used.
Metal ruler
This particular measuring tool is, perhaps, the simplest in design. With the help of metal rulers, the measured value is determined directly.
Metal ruler
It should be noted that these measuring devices are also widely used for marking materials and parts. Modern industry manufactures them with measuring ranges of 1000, 500, 300 and 150 millimeters, while either one or two scales are applied to them.
Calipers
This widespread and actively used in technology (especially in mechanical engineering) measuring tool is much more complex than a metal ruler and provides a much higher measurement accuracy. A vernier caliper consists of such main parts as a bar-ruler, on the edge of which a main scale is applied with equidistant divisions every 1 millimeter, and a vernier - a reading device with an additional dash scale.
Calipers
The division price of vernier calipers of modern calipers is either 0.1 or 0.05 millimeters, and as for the measurement limit, it reaches 2000 millimeters.
Calipers are used to measure both the outer and inner dimensions of parts, as well as hole depths. In addition, they are used for the production of various marking works.
Shtangenreismas
Shtangenreismas
This measuring tool is designed to measure the heights of parts and carry out their accurate marking. The maximum measurement limit of vernier gauges is 2500 millimeters, and the division price of their verniers is 0.1 or 0.05 millimeters.
In most cases, this measuring tool is used when working on special cast iron plates. It is on them that it is installed along with those details that need to be measured or marked.
In order to draw a line on the part to be marked with the help of a height gauge, a special removable leg is used. The measuring tool itself moves directly along the surface of the plate.
Micrometer
Measuring tool this type is designed to make sufficiently accurate measurements of small linear dimensions. The maximum measurement limit of modern micrometers reaches 600 millimeters, and the accuracy is 0.01 millimeters.
Micrometer
Micrometers (as well as all micrometric instruments) are equipped with special readout units based on a screw pair with a thread pitch of 0.5 mm. With its help, the longitudinal movement of the measuring screw is converted into circumferential movements made by the drum scale. It is on the basis of the angle of its rotation that the value of the measured size is determined.
Micrometric depth gauge
Micrometric depth gauge
In fact, this measuring instrument works in exactly the same way as a micrometer. The only difference is that it is equipped not with a bracket, but with a base. It is in it that the so-called measuring stem is installed. In order to measure the depth using a micrometer depth gauge, a special rod is used. It is screw-mounted and has a special shape. The measurement range of modern micrometric depth gauges is up to 300 millimeters, and the division price of their verniers is 0.01 millimeters.
Dial indicator
Dial indicator
This measuring tool is a device where the very small movements that the probe produces are converted into angular movements of the pointer. Dial indicators are used when it is required to determine with a significant degree of accuracy those deviations that a certain part has in its geometric shape in relation to the specified parameters. In addition, these devices are used to control the relative position of surfaces.
Mechanical protractor
Protractor
This measuring tool is designed to determine the values \u200b\u200bof angles, which are very often found in technology in various assemblies, parts and structures. With the help of protractors, measurements are made in angles, degrees and seconds, for which auxiliary elements and a ruler scale are used.
Thread gauge
Thread gauge
This measuring tool is used to accurately determine the pitch and profile of the thread. Structurally, it is a package of metal templates, each of which exactly repeats the configuration of a particular thread. Thread gauges, which are designed to determine the pitch of metric threads, are marked M60 °, and those measuring devices that are designed to determine the number of threads per inch, when measuring inch and cylindrical pipe threads, are marked as D55.
Radiometer
Radiometer
This measuring tool is designed to measure fillets and radii. It is a set of metal templates made of high quality alloy steel plates. Moreover, they are all subdivided into those that are used to measure protrusions and those that are intended for measuring valleys.
Gauge blocks
Gauge blocks
End measures of length (often they are also called " johanson tiles») Are measures made in the form of a cylinder or parallelepiped with strictly defined distances between the measuring planes. They can range from 0.5 millimeters to 1000 millimeters.
The choice of measuring instruments when checking the accuracy of parts is one of the most important stages in the development of technical control technological processes.
The basic principles for the selection of measuring instruments are as follows: the accuracy of the measuring instrument should be sufficiently high compared to the specified accuracy of the measured size, and the labor intensity of measurements and their cost should be as low as possible, ensuring the highest labor productivity and economy.
Insufficient measurement accuracy leads to the fact that part of the good products are rejected (error of the first kind); at the same time, for the same reason, another part of the actually unusable product is accepted as suitable (error of the second kind).
Excessive measurement accuracy, as a rule, is associated with an excessive increase in labor intensity and cost of product quality control, and therefore leads to an increase in the cost of its production.
When choosing measuring instruments and methods for controlling products, take into account
- permissible error of the measuring instrument-tool;
- scale division value;
- sensitivity threshold;
- measurement limits, weight, dimensions, working load, etc.
The determining factor is the permissible error of the measuring device, which follows from the standardized definition of the actual size as well as the size obtained as a result of measurement with a permissible error.
The easiest way to select measuring instruments is based on the fact that the accuracy of the measuring instrument should be several times higher than the manufacturing accuracy of the measured part. When controlling the accuracy of technological processes by measuring the accuracy of the dimensions of parts, it is recommended to use measuring instruments with a division price of not more than 1/6 of the manufacturing tolerance.
The value of the permissible measurement error depends on the tolerance, which is associated with the nominal size and with the quality accuracy of the size of the controlled product. The calculated values \u200b\u200bof the permissible measurement error in μm are given in the standard tables.
2. Control and measuring instruments
Instruments with a linear vernier include a caliper, a gauge and a depth gauge. The basis of a caliper tool is a ruler - a bar with graduations applied to it; this is the main scale. A frame with a cutout moves along the bar, on the inclined edge of which a vernier (auxiliary) scale is applied.
Calipers (Fig. 2) is intended for measuring linear dimensions (diameters, depth, width, thickness, etc.). On the length of 9 mm of the frame (vernier), corresponding to 9 divisions of the bar, 10 equal divisions are applied. Thus, each vernier division is 0.9 mm.
Figure: 2.
If you put the frame so that the sixth stroke of the vernier stands against the sixth stroke of the bar, then the gap between the jaws will be 0.6 mm (Fig. 3, A).
Figure: 3. A - for a size of 0.6 mm; B - for a size of 7 mm; B - for size 7.4 mm
If the zero stroke of the vernier coincided with any stroke on the bar, for example, the seventh, then this division indicates the actual size in millimeters, i.e. 7 mm (Fig. 3, B).
If the zero stroke of the vernier did not coincide with any stroke on the rod, then the nearest stroke on the rod to the left of the zero stroke of the vernier shows an integer number of millimeters. Tenths of a millimeter are equal to the ordinal number of the vernier stroke to the right, not counting the zero, which exactly coincided with the stroke of the bar - the main scale (for example, 7.4 mm in Fig. 3, B).
In addition to verniers with a reading value of 0.1 mm, verniers with a reading value of 0.05 and 0.02 mm are used.
are intended for precise marking and measurement of heights from flat surfaces.
Shtangenreismas (Fig. 4, a) consists of a base 8, in which a rod 1 with a scale is rigidly fixed; frames 2 with vernier 6 and locking screw 3; a device for micrometric feed 4, including a slider, a screw, a nut and a locking screw; replaceable legs for marking 7 with a sharp point and for measuring heights 9 with two measuring surfaces, the lower flat and the upper one in the form of a sharp edge, no more than 0.2 mm wide (Fig. 4, b); clamp 5 for fixing legs 7 and 9 and holder 10 on the frame protrusion (Fig. 4, c) for needles of different lengths.
Fig 4.
The scale and vernier are the same as for other vernier tools.
Measurement or marking with a height gauge is carried out on a marking plate. The zero setting of the instrument is checked before measurement. For this, the frame with the leg is lowered until it touches the stove or a special base surface (depending on the type of leg). In this position, the zero division of the vernier should coincide with the zero division of the bar scale.
After calibrating the height gauge, you can start measuring. When measuring the height of the part, the frame with the leg is manually lowered, slightly not bringing it to the part. Further movement of the leg until it touches the part is carried out using a micrometric feed nut. The degree of pressure of the leg to the part is determined by touch. In the installed position, the frame is fixed.
When marking, the size is set according to the scales of the vernier and the bar in advance. The risk is drawn on the part with the sharp end of the leg when moving the height gauge along the plate. When measuring with needles (Fig. 4, c), it is necessary to subtract the value m from the reading of the height gauge M, which corresponds to the position of the frame 2 when the needle point is in the same plane with the base plane.
Dial indicators ... Due to the small measurement limit, instruments of this group are intended mainly for relative (comparative) measurements by determining deviations from a given size. In combination with special devices, these instruments can also be used for direct measurements. They are also used to control the correctness of the geometric shapes of machine parts and their relative position. Most widespread dial gauges (Fig. 5, a) with a division value of 0.01 mm were obtained from the devices of this group; indicators with a graduation of 0.002 mm are also used.
When moving the measuring rod by 1 mm, the indicator hand makes a full revolution. Indicators, the measurement limits of which are more than 3 mm, have an arrow counter.
Measurement practice... Dial indicators are used when measuring radial and axial runout, deviations from straightness, deviations in the position of one part relative to another, when checking the relative position of surfaces, etc.
Figure: five. Dial indicator (a) and setting the indicator for measurement:b - on a universal tripod; c - various ways of attaching the indicator head to a tripod
A universal tripod and other devices are used for measurements.
The indicator, installed in a universal stand (Fig. 5, b), can take a variety of positions in relation to the tested item. The design of universal tripods can be different, but their basic diagram remains the same. The options are shown in Fig. 5, c.
For any measurement by the indicator (absolute or relative), it must be set to some initial position. For this, the measuring tip is brought into contact with the surface of the setting standard (or stage). The indicator is brought so that the arrow makes it 1–2 turns. This gives the indicator rod an interference fit so that during the measurement the indicator can show both negative and positive deviations from the initial position or setting standard. In this case, the indicator arrow is set against any division of the scale. Further readings should be taken from this indication of the arrow, as from the initial one. To facilitate readings, the initial reading is usually set to zero. The indicator is set to zero by turning the dial by the fluted bezel.
When measuring bore gauge it is pre-adjusted to the size to be measured by a micrometer, a block of plane-parallel gage blocks or a calibrated ring and then set to zero.
The adjusted internal gauge is carefully inserted into the hole to be measured and by small swaying (Fig. 6, a) the deflection of the arrow from the zero position is determined. This will be the deviation of the measured size from the one for which it was configured. In cases where the measuring rod of the indicator head cannot touch the surface being measured, they resort to special lever devices connected to the indicator body. The device of these devices is clear from the figure (Fig. 6, b).
Figure: 6. Indicator bore gauge (a) and lever devices for the indicator (b), used for measurements in hard-to-reach locations
Micrometers for external measurements (Fig. 7), internal micrometers and micrometric depth gauges refer to micrometric instruments.
Figure: 7. 1 - heel; 2 - micrometric screw; 3 - lock nut; 4 - bushing; 5 - drum; 6 - ratchet; 7 - bracket
The counting device of micrometric instruments consists of a sleeve 1 (Fig. 8, a) and a drum 2. On the sleeve on both sides of the longitudinal line there are two scales with 1 mm divisions so that the upper scale is shifted relative to the lower one by 0.5 mm.
The tapered end of the drum has a 50-division dial. When rotating, the drum moves along the sleeve and travels a path equal to 0.5 mm in one revolution. Therefore, the scale division of the drum is 0.5: 50 \u003d 0.01 mm.
When measuring, an integer number of millimeters is counted on the lower scale, half millimeters - on the upper scale of the sleeve, and hundredths of a millimeter - on the drum scale. The number of hundredths of a millimeter is counted by the division of the drum scale, which coincides with the longitudinal mark on the sleeve.
Examples of reading on micrometer scales are shown in Fig. 8.
Figure: 8. a - 11.0 mm; b - 9.36 mm; c - 10.5 mm; g - 9.86 mm
In order to limit the tensile force on the measured part when measuring with a micrometer and to ensure that this force is constant, the micrometer is equipped with a ratchet.
Before reading the micrometer readings, the drum is fixed with a special stopper.
In addition to conventional calipers and other instruments with a vernier scale and a dial-type scale, models of instruments with electronic digital indicators are also used, which display the readings of the measured values \u200b\u200bon the screen in digital form.
When using measuring devices, remember that the measuring surfaces at the tips must be clean, and the measured surfaces of the parts must be clean and their temperature must not differ from the temperature of the measuring devices. It is unacceptable to measure hot parts with precision measuring instruments. Measuring instruments cannot be held in hands for a long time, as this affects the accuracy of measurements. It is not allowed to measure moving parts, because it is dangerous, leads to rapid wear of the measuring surfaces of the tool and to a loss of accuracy of the measurement results.
For short-term and long-term storage, the measuring tool is wiped with a soft cloth with aviation gasoline and lubricated with a thin layer of technical petroleum jelly. The measuring surfaces of the tips are separated from each other and the stoppers are loosened. For long-term storage, the tools are wrapped in oiled paper.
Before proceeding with measurements, it is recommended to check the zero of the readings of the measuring instruments. To do this, the readings of the instrument scale are preliminarily adjusted to the measured size by measuring tiles (plane-parallel end measures) or by a calibrated ring or roller, and thus the zero position during measurements is determined.
Probes serve to determine the size of the gaps with an accuracy of 0.01 mm (Fig. 9).
Figure: nine.
Styli are made of 1st and 2nd accuracy classes with plate thickness from 0.03 to 1 mm and with an interval of 0.01 mm or more, depending on the set number.
(Fig. 10) are the main means of checking the flatness of the surface of the part by the paint method. Plates are made of cast iron in sizes from 100x200 to 1000x1500 mm.
There should be no corrosion spots or pits on the surface of the boards.
Surface plates are not only used for flatness control. They are widely used as a base for various control operations using universal measuring instruments (thickness gauges, indicator stands, etc.)
Figure: ten.
Steel straightening rulers ... Deviations from flatness and straightness (deviations of the shape of flat surfaces) are controlled with the help of straightedges (Fig. 11). Straight rulers produce curved lines with a double-sided bevel (Fig. 11, a); triangular (Fig. 11, b) and tetrahedral (Fig. 11, c); with a wide working surface (rectangular section (Fig. 11, d) and I-section (Fig. 11, e), "cast iron bridges" (Fig. 11, f).
Figure: eleven
The rulers are available in various sizes (LxHxB mm): a - up to 320x40x8; b - up to 320x30; c - up to 320x25; g - up to 1000x60x12; d - up to 4000x160x30.
Calibrating rulers are made in lengths: curved - up to 500 mm, “cast iron bridges” - up to 2500 mm and more. The curved lines are used to control the straightness of the surface of the part “in the light”, and the straightness rulers “cast iron bridges” are used to check the straightness “to paint” using a probe or tissue paper.
When checking for light (Fig. 12, a), the curved ruler is laid with a sharp bevel on the surface to be checked, and the light source is placed behind the ruler and the part. Minimum width the slit caught by the eye is 3 ... 5 microns. Probes are usually used to monitor the gap.
Figure: 12. Scheme of control of deviation from flatness by a curved ruler "in the light":a - visually; b - with a sample of gaps
Measurement of deviations from straightness with curved rulers “in the light” requires skill from the performer. To develop the skill to evaluate by eye the size of the lumen by the size of the deviation from straightness, use a sample of gaps (Fig. 12, b), which consists of a curved ruler 1, a set of four gauge blocks with a gradation of 1 μm, two identical gauge blocks (2) and glass plate 3. When measuring between the gauge blocks and the edge of the ruler, “gaps” are formed, colored in different colors due to the diffraction of visible light and from the size of the gap between the ruler and the gauge block.
A measuring instrument is a broad concept that denotes a class of devices that allow you to establish quantitative ratios of any parameters in comparison with a standard. In scientific activity, measurements are associated with the determination of the numerical characteristics of a wide variety of quantities: mass, induction, spectral.
In production, measuring instruments and devices are used to compare the predominantly geometric characteristics of the manufactured product with a given sample.
Accuracy and uncertainty
The main characteristic of measuring instruments and devices is accuracy. This concept means the amount of deviations from the true values, which occurs as a result of measurement errors. Accuracy requirements differ from industry to industry. In woodworking and the production of building metal structures, an error of 1 mm is allowed, in locksmith operations - 0.1-0.05 mm, in precision engineering, the deviation may be 0 microns.
Measurement accuracy is affected by the physical condition of the instrument. To determine wear, the measuring tool is checked - an operation to identify the degree of discrepancy between the gauges and the specified characteristics. The main methods of verification that are used to assess the performance of a mechanical tool are methods of direct comparison and direct measurements. In these cases, control measuring instruments for marking are used for verification. These are devices of a similar design, the parameters of which are verified.
The main requirement for accuracy is to use measurements to give the mating parts the shape that is needed for their constructive interaction. The accuracy of measuring the smoothness of cages and balls in bearings must be at such a level as to ensure a high rotation speed. When assembling the frame, wooden parts which should not move relative to each other, it is enough to achieve their snug fit.
The physical properties of the processed materials and their ability to change parameters depending on climatic conditions are of great importance for accuracy. Hence the conclusion: carpentry tools, measuring devices of a turner, a locksmith and a carpenter have different accuracy.
Classes, types, types of measuring tools
First of all, all meters are classified according to the nature of their use. The most extensive class is the general-purpose tool. This includes all devices for general use - those that are used in all industries and areas of activity.
General-purpose meters are interchangeable and can be issued without restrictions. The devices are often in the personal use of the craftsmen. Special tool - belonging to individual industries and technological complexes. This class includes devices used to measure specific parameters: surface smoothness, its hardness. Can be used to determine the parameters of individual products, such as gears. The nature of the use and storage of such funds, as a rule, is of a security nature. For example, in rocketry, measuring instruments are checked by metrologists every day before being issued.
In addition, there are:
- measuring and marking tools;
- manual and mechanical tools;
- metal, plastic and wood.
There are types of measuring tools according to technological characteristics, for example, a locksmith tool. This type includes the following types: vernier caliper, micrometer, styli, calibration and marking rulers. Another type is carpentry tools.
The most popular types are represented here by a square, a small, a thickness gauge, a caliper. Building tools - these are tape measures, spirit levels, folding rules. Many devices are universal: they are used by masters of all engineering professions.
Meters used in metalworking
The most common universal measuring instrument is the ruler. All specialists, regardless of their profile, use the ruler. A more specific variety of measuring devices include rulers. They are used to detect deviations of products along the plane. The magnitude of the deviations is determined using calibrated probes - metal plates, the thickness of which ranges from 0.01 mm to several mm. Modelers use special rulers to determine the shrinkage size of hot ingots.
In the metalworking industry, two main types of instruments are used to measure linear characteristics:
- bar device with vernier;
- screw-type micrometric instrument.
Bar devices with vernier scales
The most popular member of this class is a caliper. Structurally, the device is a hard alloy rod, which ends with a sponge at one end. On the surface of the rod there is a metric scale with a 1 mm division. The carriage moves along the groove of the rod: one end of it ends with a sponge. The carriage has a bar scale. Several types of vernier are used in industry: 
- by 9 or 19 divisions - with an accuracy of 0.1 mm;
- by 39 divisions - with an accuracy of 0.05 mm.
A variety of caliper tools are gauges with a pointer indicator and devices with digital electronic sensors... In the first case, translational motion into rotary motion is converted by a system of gears with a slider. The accuracy of such a caliper increases to 0.02 mm. Electronic devices provide measurements with an accuracy of 0.01 mm. Shtangelreismass is a subspecies of calipers made on a stationary stand. This hand-held device is designed for measuring and marking.
The micrometric instrument is a fine thread screw pair to which a clamp with a precision heel is attached. The translational movement of the screw is communicated by means of two rotating mechanisms: a drum and a ratchet. Measurement procedure:
- the part to be measured is installed between the screw and the heel;
- the drum is turned until the part touches on both sides with the screw and the heel;
- the mechanism is turned with a ratchet until the part is completely fixed.
Readings are taken from three scales. The first one is located on the bottom of the stem: it shows the approximate size of the part in millimeters. On the scale from above, you can see that more or less than half a millimeter is the error of the first measurement. On the drum scale, the exact value of hundredths of a millimeter is noted. The total size of the part is equal to the sum of the data from all scales.
Modern production is unthinkable without a measuring tool; its various types are used everywhere. With the help, control over the quality of products, over various technological production processes is carried out. The measuring tool is used in mechanical engineering, scientific laboratories, construction and in everyday life.
Measuring instruments are measuring instruments for providing the results of measured physical quantities in a strict range. If the tool, in addition to the physical parameters, allows you to determine whether the dimensions of the object are within the permissible values, then it is a control and measuring one.
Measuring tools allow you to determine the geometric shape and size of an object, its density and elasticity, straightness and flatness.
Every measuring tool has an error, because it is almost impossible to make an absolutely accurate measurement. The price of the instrument often depends on the value of this error. The smaller the error, the higher the cost of the product. But when using any tool, measurement error is possible. This occurs from improper use of the instrument, its malfunction or contamination. Errors also occur when the measured object is contaminated, if the temperature regime is not observed. To reduce the likelihood of error and reduce the error, you must follow the rules for using the measuring tool.
According to GOST, measuring instruments are divided into 8 groups:
- Smooth gauges
- Threaded gauges
- Complex and profile gauges
- Measures and calibration tools
- Devices, tools and devices vernier
- Mechanical devices, tools and fixtures
- Optical-mechanical and electromechanical devices, tools and fixtures
- Pneumatic devices and accessories
The first 3 groups refer to special types of measuring instruments, the next 5 to the universal type. Universal instruments are used to measure various linear parameters of a product, regardless of its configuration.
They include the following common types of measuring tools:
- Vernier tools, the action of which is based on the use of vernier, which allows you to count fractional divisions (vernier caliper - used for high-precision measurements of external and internal measurements, as well as the depth of holes, a vernier depth gauge - needed to measure the depth of holes with high accuracy, caliper - used for marking parts, depth of grooves and recesses).
- A level that allows you to measure the deviation of structural parts horizontally and vertically.
- , which allows you to measure small dimensions with high accuracy.
- The bore gauge measures the size of holes, grooves and other internal surfaces.
- Squares and protractors that allow you to visualize and measure angles.
- Styli designed to control gaps between surfaces.
- Templates, depending on the type, used to measure the surface radius or thread pitch.
Also, you can add the usual rulers and tape measures to the universal measuring tools.
Specialized measuring instruments include various calibers, which are designed to check the correctness of the size and shape of products and allow you to establish that the products will fit together and the assembly will be correct. Calibers allow you to measure one specific size of the product. They do not measure the actual size, but allow you to check that the product does not go beyond the boundaries indicated in the drawing.
Trading house "Kvalitet" will provide you with a wide range of all types of measuring equipment.
