Types of pumping station devices for home and garden. Design of an autonomous water supply pumping station and its installation How the hydraulic accumulator of the pumping station is designed

The problem of access to water is still relevant for summer residents and owners of country houses. Solving it using one column for the entire street is a thing of the past. There is a more modern method that saves time and effort on household chores - a pumping station.

Peculiarities

The water supply pumping station serves private houses within the city and beyond. It doesn't function on its own. This is an integral part of the autonomous system, which is needed to supply water from the source to utilities. The main task of the station is to maintain a stable pressure level. When it is stable, water is absorbed and transported evenly. Often, summer residents and home owners try to save on operating the station by replacing it with a garden pump with hoses and an automation unit. But the simplified version does not control blood pressure. Therefore, it is not able to prevent water hammer.

Water hammer is a sudden surge of water in pipes. It is caused by a change in the speed at which the water flows inside the pipes. The reasons for the surge may be different, but the consequence is one - a decrease in the service life of pipes and shut-off valves. All this can lead to an emergency and ultimately only increases the cost of water production. Also, the system of a pump and control unit does not allow pumping water, regulating the pressure and temperature.

A full-fledged station has one more function. The water tank in the design serves as a reserve water reservoir. If the electricity goes out or the water in the source disappears for some reason, the water supply in the reservoir allows you to use the system as before for some time. It is important to consider the capabilities of this reserve when we select a pumping station.

Even the most progressive model will not last long without resources. The problem needs to be found and fixed as quickly as possible.

There are different types of pumping stations based on design principle, power and other characteristics. All types share several features:

• the station can be connected to any source of water supply: well, borehole, central water supply, natural reservoir;
• the design of the pumping station allows you to regulate the water pressure in the tap or watering hose;
• from one source, water can flow into different channels (to the bathroom, to the kitchen, to the watering system for garden beds) without losing pressure;
• the design of the system is carefully thought out, so any of its elements can be repaired or replaced;
• quick assembly and dismantling if necessary;
• the station consumes electricity to operate, which means it requires funds to maintain it;
• the station is noisy during operation - the noise level is comparable to an old-style refrigerator;
• in practice, the operation of the station is not as productive as in the accompanying documents, since manufacturers always indicate maximum power and performance parameters.

Device

From time to time there are interruptions in the operation of the pumping station. This does not mean that an unscrupulous manufacturer is selling faulty equipment. The reasons, as a rule, are that water from natural reservoirs is actively filtered. Garbage of various sizes clogs the filter and gets clogged into the functional elements of the device. Here are just some common problems: the pump operates jerkily, does not supply water, does not turn on or off, hums, but does not work. To quickly eliminate the cause, it is important to understand what elements the system consists of and what its operating principle is.

Station structure:

• Pump- the heart of the system. It is formed by an electric motor and a pump part. An electrical cord with a plug extends from the motor and is connected to the power cord or directly to a socket.
• Hydraulic accumulator. The minimum volume is 18 liters, the maximum exceeds 100 liters. For a dacha, the minimum is enough. For a residential building, the bigger the better. Since it acts as a reserve, a large volume will allow you to use water longer until the problem is corrected. Inside the battery there is a so-called rubber “bulb”. It has the ability to contract and expand under water pressure, therefore preventing water hammer. Pears are made from several types of rubber: butyl, ethylene propylene, butadiene rubber. All of them are suitable for use with drinking water and can withstand high temperatures. But not the entire volume of the accumulator is filled with water. This tank is divided into two parts: for water and air. It is due to this combination that the pumping station is able to operate for some time after a power outage or interruption in the water supply.

• Connecting hose. This is the link between the first and second element.
• Automation kit or control unit. Regulates and maintains stable pressure in the system. At low pressure it starts the system, at high pressure it turns it off. The kit includes a five-piece, a monometer, a pressure switch. Required items that must be purchased separately: check valve and filter. The purpose of the check valve is to keep water in the tank so that the motor does not run idle. A filter is necessary to purify water from debris and impurities. The filter is removable and easy to clean. This prevents many problems from occurring.

For the system to start working, a pumping station is not enough. It needs to interact with all elements. These include:

• water source;
• suction pipeline (filter and valve are located at the end of the pipeline, directly in the water);
• discharge pipeline;
• nipple;
• crosspiece;
• transition nipple;
• flexible liner or hose;
• pipeline to water consumers (washing machine, dishwasher, shower, taps, toilet, boiler).

Principle of operation

After connecting the system to the power source and starting it for the first time (this procedure requires one-time preparation with independent pouring of water into the tank), the control unit begins to control the operation. Water is pumped out from the source through the suction pipeline and enters the hydraulic accumulator until it is completely filled. From the reservoir, water under pressure is supplied through pipes to water consumers. When cold water is turned on, it flows directly into the tap. When hot water is turned on, the liquid from the reservoir enters the boiler, is heated there to the desired temperature, and only then enters the mixer and tap.

When a faucet is opened in the house, the pressure in the tank begins to drop. While the water supply in the accumulator tank is consumed and the voltage drops to a critical point, the system does not pump out a new “batch”. After reaching the minimum threshold, water intake resumes and the pressure begins to rise to the maximum. This saves the cost of maintaining the station and does not affect the water pressure in any way.

Almost all elements of the system can be repaired yourself if you determine the nature of the damage and know where this or that part is located. A detailed diagram is given in the technical data sheet of the product.

Kinds

There are different types of autonomous water supply stations. The classification is based on several criteria: scale of use, nature of station management, level of water rise, method of water suction, type of tank, source of water supply.

Based on the scale of use, industrial and domestic stations are distinguished.

Industrial

The stations are used in high-rise apartment buildings, public utilities, and industrial premises. Their purpose is to provide water to facilities that require an uninterrupted supply of water with good pressure. This happens due to high blood pressure. The design of industrial water supply stations is not fundamentally different from domestic ones. But the sizes and types of stations are different.

The sources of water intake also differ. This could be a large natural reservoir, a central water supply network, or artesian wells. Water of different quality comes from different sources. Some of them require additional cleaning.

Depending on the path the water takes from the source to the consumers, there are several levels of rise.

• First level pumping stations are rare. The water they pump from the source must be very clean. It goes directly into water tanks or water towers. The pump operation is uniform, without interruptions.
• The second level of lift means that pumping stations pump water not from the reservoir itself, but from a reservoir where the water has been purified. From the second level, water can reach consumers, so the station operates intermittently as water is used in homes.
• Stations of the third level of rise and beyond are included in a complex system, where several stages of purification and distribution of water resources are provided between the water source and the consumer.

Industrial pumping stations can be located vertically or horizontally, and have a positive or negative water intake height. Household ones are usually limited in this regard. They pump water from the bottom up and are installed strictly horizontally.

Pumping stations serving large facilities operate according to three schemes:

• Straight– water is taken from the reservoir, filtered and supplied to consumers. After processing, it is cleaned again and discharged into the reservoir. Typical for public services.
• Sequential– after the first use, the water undergoes simple filtration and goes to a new facility, where high quality requirements are not imposed. Used in production.
• Negotiable– closed cycle of water resources use. The beginning and end of the cycle involve multiple filtering.

Station control can be manual, automatic, semi-automatic or remote. The main difference between industrial stations and household ones is not only and not so much in size, but in the power of the pumps. Due to the fact that high-power vacuum pumps are used, the system copes with large volumes of liquid without loss of performance.

Industrial systems have their own characteristics regarding location. They are above ground, semi-buried and underground. Industrial pumping stations include:

• hydraulic;
• pumping station;
• booster (pressure increasing station);
• circulation;

• pumping;
• fire department;
• modular;
• pumping and filtering.

Household

These stations are necessary to service homes in the private sector. In a cottage or country house, the main purpose of the pumping station is to supply water to communications, bathrooms, and household appliances for washing and washing. At the dacha, the station is often used to supply water to greenhouses and water the garden. There is another type of pumping station - sewage. SPS is a system of hydraulic equipment for draining wastewater.

The purpose of the pumping station is to collect waste liquid and transport it to local treatment facilities. Used when processed water masses do not go away on their own. They are also used on an industrial scale. The water pumping station is designed “mirror” in relation to the water supply station. The pumped water does not return to the pipeline due to the fact that it also has a check valve. The waste water passes through a filter to remove large debris. The filter is called a basket. To clean it, you need to go down into the sewer hatch.

There may be more than one pump in a sewer pumping system if the capacity of one is too small to cope with the volume of wastewater. They are controlled either manually or automatically. The use of a domestic water supply station (sometimes in combination with a water pumping station) is necessary if there is no centralized water supply. You can’t live without it in your home, but it’s important to consider that the system has not only pros, but also cons.

Pros of a private station:

• Significantly simplifies life outside the city and in the private sector. If you have your own pumping station, you can supply water anywhere: to the kitchen, to the washing machine and dishwasher, to the shower room, to the greenhouse, to the garden, to the bathhouse, even to the pool.
• Provides good and stable water pressure. It can be smoothly adjusted to the desired level.
• The ability to choose from a wide range of equipment (by size and function) a system that will be optimal for working in specific conditions.
• Economical energy consumption. Smart automation controls the water pumping process so that the motor never runs idle.
• The larger the tank, the longer the system operates in emergency mode without connecting to electricity.
• Uninterrupted supply of water to all consumer objects in the house. This is also provided by automation. All that remains is to check the sensor readings from time to time.
• Most often the source is located deep underground. This is not the result of recycling, but pure drinking water without impurities.

Minuses:

• In a private home, water is needed all year round. The station can be operated in cold weather only if it is installed in a warm place. This imposes restrictions on the choice of model and its location.
• A source of water is not always immediately available. Often you have to drill a well, and this process is fraught with some difficulties. Firstly, the services of drillers are not cheap. Secondly, you need to accurately determine the place where water will always be available. Thirdly, wells crumble over time. Because of this, the water supply may deteriorate and the filter may become clogged.
• Any type of pumping station is noisy. The quieter the unit operates, the more complex it is and the more expensive it is.
• Filters need to be regularly cleaned of debris and sometimes replaced. If this is not done, debris will get into the valve or reservoir and the system will fail.
• In the totality of all actions (drilling a well, purchasing, installing and maintaining a pumping station), this is an expensive pleasure. Over time, the system will pay for itself, but you will have to invest a lot in it.

Household stations come in two types: self-priming and automatic. A self-priming station is a type of automatic one. Its design is simple and designed to lift water from shallow wells. An automatic station is more practical and safe. Having small dimensions, it can serve an entire house with several liquid consumers.

Energy consumption is economical - the process of pumping water and pressure in the system is controlled electronically.

Automatic stations according to the method of sucking liquid are divided into:

• Vortex. Simple and unpretentious devices that are capable of pumping water from a depth of up to 7 meters. They have low productivity, but stable good pressure. The price for vortex stations is the lowest.
• Centrifugal. An order of magnitude more powerful than vortex ones due to the fact that the centrifugal wheel creates the required pressure. They are capable of pumping water from wells twice as deep – about 15 meters. In addition, the centrifugal station can withstand temperature changes in the suction water. It is safe for use in the cold season. In terms of cost, this unit is no longer considered budget.
• Multi-stage. The optimal solution for shallow water sources. They suck up liquid from a depth of up to 7.5 meters, while providing stable pressure and high performance. The advantage of multi-stage stations is their silent operation.
• With remote ejector. It is characterized by complex installation and “capriciousness” in operation. The device may fail due to clogged filters or air entering the system. But a station of this type copes with the extraction of water in difficult areas where groundwater is located at a depth below 15 meters. The maximum depth at which it operates is 45-50 meters.
• With built-in ejector. The operating depth of such stations is up to 9 meters. They are not afraid of blockages and air that may accidentally enter the system. Used for different water supply sources.

The disadvantage of this type of station is the noisy motor. It is not recommended to install the station in a residential area or close to it. The way the station is located relative to the water supply source also differs. Non-submersible stations mean that the ejector remains on the surface and the hose is lowered into the water. Such a device is easier to operate, easier to repair and control. Suitable for shallow water sources - up to 10 meters.

Immersion stations are more complicated. They have a waterproof body that can be completely submerged in water. They are easy to install and more economical. An important condition: the depth of the well must be 10 meters or more.

How to choose?

The criteria for choosing a pumping station for a private residential building and a summer cottage are not the same. In a residential building there are more water collection points, higher requirements for cleanliness, and larger volumes used per day. At the dacha, water is used sparingly, there are usually 2-3 points of analysis, and the filtration requirements are less stringent.

In addition to the fact that water supply stations should be different for home and garden, it is important to consider that the type of water source also influences the choice. In one case, submersible units are needed, in the other, non-submersible. In one area the depth of water intake is only 4-5 meters, while in another it may be more than 10.

Selection options:

• Power pump This parameter determines the station's performance and capabilities. The more powerful the pump, the higher it can lift water. This is important to consider when the depth of the well is more than several meters or the height of the house exceeds one floor. To determine the total power, you need to add up the water consumption of all plumbing fixtures. When they are turned on simultaneously, the pressure should remain at the same level, that is, the pressure drop should not be felt.

• Performance. This characteristic shows how much water the station pumps per unit of time (usually a minute or an hour). Since everyone’s water needs are individual and there can be any number of collection points, it is impossible to accurately calculate the minimum acceptable parameter. According to approximate data, one water collection point (for example, a faucet in the kitchen) requires 15 liters per minute. To calculate the approximate water consumption, you need to add up all the points of analysis in the house. At each, the flow rate is conventionally assumed to be 15 l/min. It is important to consider that manufacturers indicate the maximum capabilities of the unit. If the documentation says that the station pumps 55 liters per minute, this is the limit of its capabilities.

• Maximum height of water rise. Here you need to take into account two aspects at once: the distance from the ground to communications on the 2nd or 3rd floor (if they are there) and the distance from the house to the station. The station is located as close as possible to the source of water supply. The vertical and horizontal indicators are correlated as 1: 10. For a station, this means that its productivity decreases as the height and distance of the house from the station increases.

• Water intake depth. This indicator is determined by how deep the water source is. If the distance is small - 100-150 cm, any station will do. If the depth reaches 6-8 meters, multi-stage stations and stations with an external ejector are suitable.
• Hydraulic accumulator volume. Its capacity is important for creating water reserves in case of power outages and other problems. An important point: not the entire volume of the battery will be left for a “fire” case, but only half. This is due to the fact that part of the tank volume is filled with air.

• What's inside the accumulator(water tank). If water is used as drinking water and used for cooking, there must be suitable materials inside the tank. Often the tank is equipped with a rubber “bulb” of different volumes. Butyl, rubber, ethylene-propylene membranes, butadiene-nitrile are materials that are safe for use in a pumping station. They can come into contact with drinking water without saturating it with substances harmful to the body.

• Air pressure. For any tank volume it should be 1.8-2 atmospheres. This parameter is checked using a pressure gauge. If the indicator is below normal, the air needs to be pumped up. Low air pressure causes the flow pressure in the tap to be weak and unstable.
• What is the station body made of? Cast iron, stainless steel and PVC materials are used in production. The hygienic features and strength of “stainless steel” are better than those of other materials.

• Accessories. They may not be included in the kit, but they are necessary for the normal functioning of the station and extending its service life. Accessories include: check valve, filters, sensor for protection against “empty running”. The sensor is installed at the station and connected to the electrical network. They prevent the pump from running without liquid and prolong its life. Idle operation is harmful to the engine, since it heats up during operation, and the liquid cools it. Water also acts as a lubricant. For obvious reasons, another type of lubricant cannot be used - the water will become unpotable.

The filter must be purchased with a good cleaning system. At the same time, its design should be convenient for regular cleaning of dirt. In addition to the technical characteristics of the station, the performance of the water supply source plays an important role. It is necessary to take into account at what level the water surface is, what is the “debit” volume of the well or well.

The productivity of the well must be greater than the productivity of the station. The approximate volume is 1.5-1.7 cubic meters per hour with a station productivity of 3-5 cubic meters per hour. Last but not least is the price parameter. There is no need to save on the water supply system. A pumping station made of quality materials from trusted manufacturers will quickly pay for itself. A cheap station, purchased out of a desire to save money, will quickly fail.

Manufacturers: review and reviews

The best recommendation for choosing any equipment for regular use is the one given by the owners of the equipment. A store consultant can praise a product as much as he likes. Its' his job. But users who have tested the equipment “in the field” can tell you what its strengths and weaknesses are and which manufacturer you can rely on without fear. For convenience, the rating is divided into the best stations for a summer residence, for a cottage and top stations for country houses. Since the operating conditions and load at the dacha, in a house within the city and in a suburban building will be different, the equipment required is not the same.

At your dacha, you don’t need a station with maximum power and additional filtration if the water is used mainly for watering plants and washing dishes. Often, summer residents prefer to pump water from a well or a nearby reservoir. There is a reason for this - the pump with a hose does not need to be protected from winter frosts. During the cold season, it can be pulled out and stored in the household. room. The station requires maintenance, but it has more advantages. We have already talked about them before.

It is important to choose a station that will survive the winter well and will not consume too much energy. Such units are in the average price category and below average. These include:

"NeoClima"

A specific model must be selected according to individual parameters. “NeoClima” is a collaboration of Russian and Chinese manufacturers. The price of the product is 5000-7000 rubles. Users note the simple operation and “endurance” of the station in different weather conditions. It is convenient for dachas in that it is more suitable for drawing water from a well or natural reservoir. This reduces the cost of drilling a well.

“NeoClima” is a surface-type station with a productivity of 1.5-2 cubic meters per hour. The maximum value is 3. Immersion depth is up to 8 meters, the level of water rise without loss of pressure is 25-27 m. According to reviews, water from this depth is suitable for any needs. The stainless steel body ensures long service life. Disadvantages include a thin connecting hose from the pump to the accumulator and a short cord for connecting the station to the power supply.

Quatro Elementi Automatico

Another Chinese-made unit. Reviews are mostly positive. With a modest price of 6,000 rubles, this is an indispensable assistant for a summer resident. The equipment lasts for at least 5 years at maximum permissible loads.

Like the previous option, this is a surface installation station with an average productivity of 2 m³/hour. The level of water rise is up to 30 meters (according to technical documentation - up to 40). The downside is that the valve and filters are not included. The product can only be equipped with accessories from the same manufacturer.

Alko HWF

The starting price for a station with a 20 liter tank is 6,500 rubles. Technical parameters are similar to the first two models. Among the positive reviews, they note that the station is fully equipped: valves and filters are included, it is ready for use from the moment of purchase. The pump is also protected from running dry.

The filtration system prevents leaves and large debris from entering the water supply. This is a plus, since the system is designed for installation in open water. The disadvantage of the station, which explains its low cost, is the plastic housing. It has a hard time withstanding winter and mechanical damage.

"Gardena"

The price for installing a “garden” pumping station is higher than that of Russian and Chinese analogues – from 9,900 rubles. This is explained by Swedish production. Users note that the pumping station is not for beginners. It performs well in operation and solves the gardener’s problems if he knows exactly what to do with it and how to care for it when the season is over.

Plus to the efficiency is the silent operation of the pump. Inexperienced summer residents speak negatively about the plastic parts in the pump structure. It is difficult to pump water out of the tank, and if it is left, the system will fail over the winter. Weak threads on the pipes are also noted as a disadvantage.

The station is not complete, there is no protection against empty running, and getting to the filter to clean it is quite difficult.

"Jeelex"

Products from a Russian manufacturer with an average price tag for a similar station starting from 8,500 rubles. Users rate the products as a solid four. The unit did not reach the “excellent” rating due to the fact that it is difficult to put into operation. The initial launch is described sparingly in the product passport; you need to calculate everything yourself. In addition, part of the body is made of plastic parts.

For a permanent residence in a country house, you need a station with greater capabilities than for a garden. The price of equipment increases in proportion to its functionality. Popular models:

• "Gileks Vodomet Prof." Russian-Chinese products at an average price of 25,000 rubles. Its volume is slightly larger than garden stations - 24 liters, but this little one is capable of supporting the livelihoods of a family of 3-4 people. The station is a surface installation. Pumps out water from a depth of 20-25 meters. The manufacturer indicates 30, but user reviews say that this number is too high. Without loss of pressure, the station raises water to a height of up to 75 m. At the same time, its productivity is 2-3 m³/hour. Among the advantages are a complete set of equipment. You just need to connect the system to a water source. Convenient, simple filter replacement if necessary. Simple controls, clear instructions and basic settings. The main disadvantage of the equipment is that with intensive use, the service life is limited to 4-5 years.

• "VMtec Altera Auto". Reliable equipment from a German manufacturer at a price of 27,000 rubles. The equipment is fully adapted for use in the conditions of our country. It differs from standard pumping stations in the absence of a hydraulic accumulator. Equipped with a new type of tank. With a lower water rise height - 40-42 meters, it has excellent productivity - 4-4.5 m³/hour. The depth of water intake is close to 30 meters. As advantages, reviews mention the absence of plastic parts, a complete set and all protection systems. The equipment is fully automated.

• Wilo HMP. In its segment, the price of this station is above average - 29,000 rubles. In this case, you need to add the cost of purchasing a sensor against “dry running”. Despite the price, the station is popular. It pumps water from 25 meters and raises it to 25-27. Productivity under intense work conditions is 6 m³/hour. This is 2 times more than the Chinese one. In this case, the volume of the hydraulic tank is 50 liters. The pumping station is noted as a reliable and exemplary system for a private home.

• "Grundfos". A reliable and extremely easy-to-use station costing from 30,000 rubles. Users note that such a high price is assigned only for reliability and long service life. The depth of water intake is only 8 meters, productivity is 2 m³/hour.
• "Unipump Auto DP". A budget alternative of Chinese production and Russian assembly at a price of 13,000 rubles. Suitable for small houses and families of 2 people. In terms of technical parameters, it is closer to the garden one, but the suction depth is increased to 20 meters.

A cottage within the city and beyond is a room with high water consumption. At the same time, the quality of the feed must be consistently good. Only powerful pumping stations can cope with this task. Their technical characteristics are superior to simple models. But, which is typical, the productivity of such stations due to the large number of water consumers is at an average level - 2-3 m³/hour.

The cost of equipment varies between 60,000 - 100,000 rubles. They speak positively about the products of manufacturers Grundfos and Espa. Italian brands have proven themselves well: Ergus, Marina, Perdollo. In addition to the high price, they have all the necessary characteristics. These are reliability, long service life during intensive work, absence of plastic parts in the design, precise automation. Often stations are equipped with valves, filters and sensors.

Connection diagram

There are two ways to connect a pumping station to a water source.

• Directly to any source. That is, to a well, well, reservoir. It is worth choosing if there are no problems with the supply of water from a natural source: a mirror level of up to 10 meters, good well productivity, high quality water without impurities.
• To the water supply. They resort to it when water from a well comes intermittently or does not flow at all, and its quality is unsatisfactory. Another reason is outdated equipment. If the pump is old, it will not do its job. Additional pressure increase is required.

The connection diagram to natural water supply sources is the same. Some steps differ slightly depending on the type of pumping station.

Choosing a location to install the station

It is important to maintain a balance here. The distance from the station to the water source should be minimal. This will provide good pressure. In this case, the station must be protected from freezing in winter, but cannot be located near recreation areas. The equipment is noisy and will irritate household members.

Suitable for installing the station:

• Boiler room- a specially equipped room inside the house. High-quality sound insulation and distance between the boiler room and rest rooms are important.
• Basement. Suitable for installation if it is dry and warm. Additionally, installation of sound insulation is required.
• Well. Brackets and a “shelf” for the station are mounted inside the well chamber (ring). The bad option is that the station can freeze in winter.
• Caisson– a recess near the well in which the station is installed. The difficulty is to calculate the depth correctly. The station in the caisson must be protected from freezing by the ground temperature.

It is not recommended to install the station inside residential premises in the house.

Pipeline installation

Laying a pipeline solves the problem of interruptions in water supply. It is carried out in several steps:

• Dig a trench. You need to dig at such a depth that the pipeline does not freeze. If there is a small depression, it is worth insulating the pipeline. Budget and high-quality material - mineral wool with a foil base.
• Make holes in the foundation and walls for the pipeline. The holes also need to be insulated so that there is no heat loss in the house due to them.
• Lay the pipes.
• Connect the pipe system to the pumping station.

Exterior works

If the equipment is already equipped with a filter and check valve, this step can be skipped. If not, you need to install these parts on the hose (pipe) on the side that is immersed in the reservoir. The filter must be firmly secured with one or two couplings. Place the hose into the pipe. After this, you can put the head of the well in order so that it does not crumble. You don't need to do anything with other sources.

Station connection

It is necessary to connect all external parts into one system. First install the station in the designated place. Then, using a coupling and a straight tap, connect it to the pipeline. Lastly, connect the station in the same way to the point of communication with the water supply network.

Trial run

A prerequisite is to fill the station with water through the filler hole. The pump should not run idle. After filling with water, you can turn on the power supply. When tested, the water will “push” excess air out of the pipes and stabilize the pressure. If the station turns off when the maximum value (1.8-3 atmospheres) is reached, the connection is made correctly.

• In order for the station to serve for more than 5 years and not fail, you need to select and connect the equipment correctly. Before purchasing a pumping station, you need to find out the depth and productivity of the well (well). The water in them is gradually consumed until it runs out, and then it is collected again. It happens quickly. However, the well's productivity must be greater than the station's productivity.

• When choosing equipment, a mandatory step is studying the technical documentation. All indicators are given at the maximum level. Focusing on the real tasks for the station, it is worth choosing a model that is more powerful in all respects than necessary. For example, a productivity of 4 m³/hour in the documentation will actually be 2.5-3 m³/hour. It is important to check the warranty period and clarify the conditions. There are many reasons for the breakdown. It should be possible to contact a service center for free repairs at least during the first year. Or better than two.
• When installing the station, you need to place 1-2 layers of rubber gasket under it. This will reduce the vibration and noise the pump makes. Also, do not lean the equipment against the wall to avoid creating sound bridges. If the station is located on the street, it must be insulated. If it does not work in winter (at the dacha), you need to pump out all the water so that the parts inside do not freeze. And most importantly, do not overload the equipment. The level of water consumption must correspond to the capabilities of the pumping station, then it will serve for a long time and properly.

Today, the use of household pumping stations when organizing water supply systems in private homes is the most optimal solution.

We have already talked about what they are.

An automatic pumping station is used to supply water, as well as to increase or maintain pressure in the system. A household station can consist of either individual units or be supplied assembled.

Pumping stations can be used both in the presence of a permanent (well, borehole) and variable source of water (drinking imported water stored in reservoirs of various capacities).

Of course, to install a water supply system in a private house, you can also make something like a small water tower by placing a tank in the attic. Estimate for yourself how much pressure you will get. For an ordinary home, it will amount to, at best, a little more than half the atmosphere. Moreover, the pressure will not increase, even when installing a tank of larger capacity.

It is therefore obvious that it is impossible to obtain normal water supply in this way. Therefore, you don’t have to worry and use a household pumping station, consisting of a water pump, a membrane tank and a pressure switch.

Today we will talk about the design of a household pumping station.

Pumping stations include several functional units:

• water intake with a mesh and check valve located directly in the well;
• a suction line through which water is lifted from the well and supplied to the pump housing;
• a centrifugal pump that creates a vacuum on one side, due to which the water rises, and pressure on the other side, due to which the water enters the house and is distributed to consumers in it;
• a pressure switch that automatically turns on the pump when the pressure drops below a certain value and turns off when the pressure rises to a specific value;
• a membrane tank (or accumulator), which serves to prevent the effect of water hammer that occurs when the station is turned on, which could cause considerable harm to our entire water supply system, including pipes, plumbing and the pump itself;
• an electric motor coupled mechanically to the pump and electrically to a pressure switch;
• a dial pressure gauge, which is used to visually monitor the pressure in the line and, if necessary, adjust it.

The figure shows the design of the hydraulic accumulator of the pumping station.

The numbers in the figure indicate:

1. Tank body
2. Inner tank made of food grade rubber
3. Nipple. Exactly like a car tire
4. Fitting for connection to water supply
5. Air space where air is under pressure
6. Water inside the rubber tank
7. Water outlet to consumers
8. Water inlet from pump

There is air between the membrane and the metal walls of the tank. When there is no water, the membrane is crumpled and pressed against the flange in which the water inlet pipe is located. Under pressure, water enters the tank. In this case, the membrane expands, taking up space inside the tank. At a certain point in time, the water pressure in the membrane is balanced with the air pressure between the tank and the membrane and the flow of water into the tank stops. Theoretically, the water pressure in the water supply system should be set to the required value and the pump motor should turn off a little earlier than the moment when the water and air pressures are balanced.

In order for hydraulic shocks to be smoothed out, a very small tank volume is needed and there is absolutely no need for it to be filled at all. However, in practice, owners prefer to use tanks of impressive capacity, which can reach 50 liters, 100, and so on up to half a ton. In this case, we are dealing with the effect of water accumulation. In other words, the pump runs longer than we need to wash ourselves. But then the engine rests longer. It is believed that the motor deteriorates not from the time it was in operation, but from the number of starts and stops. The use of a storage tank gives the pump the opportunity to turn on for much longer periods of time and not react to short-term water flows.

The accumulation of water is very useful not only for the purpose of extending the service life of the pump. Imagine taking a shower and suddenly the electricity goes out. And there will be nothing to even wash off the soap with if... there is no water supply in the tank.

A membrane tank for 80 liters of water cannot contain all 80 liters, because there is air between the walls of the tank and the membrane. By changing the air pressure, you can regulate the largest amount of water that can be in the tank. In addition, you can connect any number of tanks in parallel to each other.

The tanks require almost no maintenance. They only need to be pumped up about once a year with a regular car pump.

In addition to the pressure switch, which turns on when the pressure drops and turns off when the pressure rises, there is also a so-called pressure automatic, which has a different principle. It is designed for a slightly different class of water consumers. The automatic pressure control also turns on the pump when the pressure in the system drops until a certain value is reached, but the pump turns off not when the pressure is reached, but when the flow through the automatic fluid stops. What is the difference? It’s not hard to guess that the pump will turn on more often with automation than with a storage tank and pressure switch. The pump will turn off when the maximum pressure it develops is reached. This is very significant. For example, I have a very powerful and high-performance pump. Its maximum pressure is more than 6 atmospheres. I don't need that kind of pressure in the water supply. In this case, it is necessary to use an expansion tank and a conventional pressure switch. But if the pump is very small and does not develop a pressure of more than four atmospheres, and is also used for significant and long-term water intakes, for example, for irrigation, then automatic pressure control without the use of a storage tank will help save a pretty penny. By the way, nothing prevents, firstly, the use of pressure automatics in conjunction with a storage tank, and secondly, the cost of a good pressure switch is not much less than the cost of automatics.

How to assemble and install a pumping station with your own hands?

You can learn how to assemble a pumping station with your own hands from the videos below.

How to assemble and install a pumping station (video)

How to assemble a pumping station (video tutorial)

I liked another video in Polish because the entire assembly process is shown in great detail and clearly, maybe it will be useful to someone.

Detailed instructions for connecting the pumping station (hydrophore) MH-1300

I will give a literal translation, please do not judge strictly. If you notice any errors, including in terminology, please write them in the comments and I will correct them. So…

How to connect a pressure tank on site

Hello! Today we will show you how to install a pressure tank kit to provide water for a single-family home or for watering a garden. We will need: a suction hose, a water supply hose, a check valve, a ball valve (faucet), a second check valve, Teflon adhesive tape for sealing, a filter that will protect the rotors of the pressure tank from damage.

(0.37) This is a pipe that we will lower into the well. And to prevent water from coming back, you need to install a check valve. We attach the end of the hose to the valve itself, then we attach the pump and mesh, which protects the valve from foreign particles.

(1.14) For sealing we will use adhesive Teflon tape.

(1.46) We have installed a suction device, which we lower into the water intake well.

(2.00) If we need a pressure tank for use all year round, then the hose needs to be dug to a depth of one meter to protect the water in it from freezing. Let's start installing another check valve.

(2.32) In our installation we use a filter that protects the pump rotors from foreign particles.

(2.54) It happens that the water level in the well drops and the pump runs “dry,” damaging the rotors. That's why we use protection against dry running.

(3.43) We also use a ball valve, which we can use to shut off the water in the event of an accident.

(4.23) Let’s start connecting the hose through which water will flow into our house.

(5.00) To facilitate connection, we use a flexible connecting tube. While the blue hose is fixed motionless under the foundation, the flexible tube will help us maneuver the pressure tank.

(5.35) Before turning on the pump, fill the entire system with water.

(6.25) While holding down the button on the device that protects against dry operation, turn on the pump. The pump is already running. And in a minute the entire system is filled with water from the well. That's it - we have water!

Methods for installing a pumping station

1 Strainer at the inlet of the suction line (filter mesh size 1 mm)
2 Inlet tap
3 Outlet tap
4 Check valve
5 Pipe bracket
6 Filter mesh
7 Storage tank
8 City water supply network
9 Upper water level
10 Lower water level

Providing a private home or country house with water is one of the most important components of comfortable living outside the city. In the absence of a centralized water supply, there is little. For the uninterrupted operation of the water supply system, it is necessary to have a water pumping station in it, which will ensure the supply of water to each of the water intake points. Choosing a suitable unit for your home plumbing is not difficult. It is important to take into account all comments and reviews regarding each of the water stations for your home or garden.

Design and principle of operation of the pumping station

The main task of the pumping station is to provide residential buildings and adjacent land with water from artificial or natural sources. It is these units that help fill additional tanks intended for watering the garden or garden plants, as well as provide water to traditional water collection points:

• geyser;
• etc.

Design of a pumping station for a private house

As a rule, a pumping station is a combination of several separate mechanisms combined into one powerful device for pumping water. Each of the elements of the device has a very important task:

1. Pump. The workhorse of the station. It pumps water directly from the source to the reservoir.
2. Hydraulic accumulator. Presented in the form of a hydropneumatic tank with a volume of 18 to 100 liters.
3. Pressure switch. It is used to control the station.
4. Check valve. Prevents liquid from flowing back to the source.
5. Pressure gauge. Allows you to monitor pressure readings in the system.
6. Connecting hoses and pipes.

Advice. A filtration system installed in front of the pumping station will not only provide users with purified water, but will also extend the life of the water supply system by removing hardness salts, organic compounds and suspended substances from the liquid.

What to consider when choosing a water pumping station

The first thing you need to pay attention to when purchasing a station is the power of the pump. The water pressure in the system and its flow rate depend on this indicator. The water supply parameter should be close to the maximum volume of consumption at all water points. As a rule, this indicator is averaged rather roughly and all models are adapted to a nominal flow rate of 1.5-9 m3/h.

Water pumping station

The pressure indicator is also entered into the station characteristics table separately. In the passport it is indicated as the distance over which the pump supplies water. But in fact, this parameter means the pressure that the station is capable of creating. So, the indicated pressure of 40 m shows that the pump will create a pressure of 4 atmospheres under ideal conditions. Since during operation there are some pressure losses on the pipeline layout, as well as water rising to a certain height, this figure will be significantly lower.

Important! A powerful device does not always justify the investment in it. As a rule, the productivity of such a system will exceed the filling of the well. In order to avoid this, it is necessary to take into account the parameters of the well. The shorter the distance to the source of water intake and the higher the level of occurrence of the water resource, the less power the purchased device should have.

Also, when choosing a water pumping station, it is necessary to take into account the autonomy of the unit. This will be needed by users living in areas with power supply problems. To ensure uninterrupted operation of the pump, you can additionally install a generator or solar battery on the site.

Types of pumps

Water stations differ from each other in the types of pumping units. This is the main part of the system that does all the main work. That is why the emphasis must be placed on choosing a pump for the water supply station of a private house.

Also, surface pumps differ in the type of ejector device. Designs are available with built-in and remote devices.

• Models with built-in ejector Use when water depth is no more than 7 meters. Such pumps can lift water with a high concentration of mineral salts, gases and particles up to 2 mm in size. Capable of creating high pressure. Water is collected using a reinforced hose, the end of which is immersed in the source. As a rule, this type of pump is equipped with a coarse filter, which prevents sand and other large contaminants from entering the housing.

Centrifugal surface pump with built-in ejector

• Pumps with remote ejector capable of pumping water from a depth of up to 40 m. In this case, the diameter of the well should not be less than 100 mm. A prerequisite for installing such a device is the additional installation of a filtration system. Such models are installed when the water source is located at a distance from the pumping station.

Self-priming pump with remote ejector

The durability, noiselessness and stability of the plumbing system depend on the material from which the product body is made:

• stainless steel - increases the cost of the product, improves the aesthetic appearance of the station, does not affect the quality of the pumped liquid, but does not have sound insulation;
• cast iron – a prerequisite is the application of an anti-corrosion layer, it pleases with a good level of sound insulation;
• plastic is practically silent, the possibility of corrosion and the presence of rust in water is excluded.

Hydropneumatic tank

Equipping water pumping stations with an accumulation tank will make the system autonomous in the event of a sharp drop in the water level at the source. This is achieved by accumulating the nominal amount of water resource specified in the documents accompanying the product. In addition, it acts as a pressure regulator in the water supply system.

Hydraulic accumulators

The volume of the expansion tank directly depends on resource consumption. Consequently, the greater the number of simultaneously active water points, the larger the required tank volume. The most common station models are equipped with hydropneumatic tanks up to 50 liters. Maximum volume – 100 l.

Advice. If only 1 person lives in a house or country house, then a tank with a volume of 18-21 liters will be sufficient.

Electronic control – additional protection of the pumping station

To increase the service life of the water station, it is equipped with an electronic control unit. The main functions that lie on it are protective.

The disadvantage of pumping stations equipped with electronic control is their increased cost. This is what turns off many buyers.

Rules for installing a water pumping station for a private house

The main thing when installing a pumping station on a site is choosing a location for its placement. Here you need to take into account all the basic requirements:

• the distance to the source of water intake must correspond to the characteristics specified in the passport;
• the device must be installed in a heated room if operation is planned in winter;
• to avoid the appearance of condensation caused by the difference in ambient temperatures and the pumped liquid, it is imperative to select a well-ventilated room;
• Providing soundproofing of the walls of the room will help maintain the level of comfort in the house.

Water pump installation diagram

To dampen pump vibration, the station is installed on shock-absorbing rubberized pads or a mat. It is also important to take care of the grounding of the installation operating from the mains. This will ensure the safety of the system’s interaction with household members.

If the station pipes are not sealed, the pressure is lost. Therefore, in case of any deviations in the operation of the system, it is imperative to inspect all connections in the device.

Timely maintenance of the system will help prolong the operation of the water pumping station. Regular inspection for damage or blockages will save you from additional costs for repairs and the purchase of new equipment.

Pumping station for a private house: video

Pumping station: photo

To lift water from a well or well, as well as for its further transportation through the pipes of an autonomous water supply system for a country house or cottage, various types of pumping equipment can be used. Quite often, a pumping station without a hydraulic accumulator or an installation equipped with a hydraulic tank is used for these purposes.

Pumping stations with a hydraulic accumulator, which have a more complex design when compared with devices without a hydraulic tank, in addition to the stability of the pressure of the liquid medium transported through the pipeline, are capable of ensuring uninterrupted supply for some time, even in cases where the pump itself does not work due to for breakdowns or failures in the power supply network.

Operating principle of pumping stations with a hydraulic tank

A pumping station with a hydraulic accumulator, used for pumping water from an underground source and further transporting it through a pipeline, is a whole complex of technical devices, the main one of which is a water pump.

The operating principle of a pumping station with a hydraulic accumulator is as follows.

• Through a hose placed in a well or well, equipped with a coarse filter and a check valve, water is pumped out from an underground source and sent to a hydraulic accumulator. A hydraulic tank, which is a container with a membrane that separates the liquid and air media in it, is responsible for the cycles of turning pumping equipment on and off.
• Water enters the accumulator until the membrane is fully tensioned, on the other side of which there is half a container with air pumped under a certain pressure.
• As soon as the half of the hydraulic tank into which water flows is filled to capacity, the pump station pressure switch automatically turns off the pump.
• After water from the hydraulic accumulator begins to flow into the pipeline system, the fluid pressure in the hydraulic tank drops to a critical value, and the pressure switch sends a signal to turn on the pump.

Depending on the number of people living in the house for which the pumping station is used for water supply, the hydraulic accumulator capacity is selected in the range from 20 to 500 liters or even more.

Advantages and disadvantages of pumping stations with a hydraulic accumulator

If we talk about the advantages that a pump with a hydraulic accumulator has, the most significant of them usually include the following.

1. In water pipelines served by pumping stations with a hydraulic accumulator, which is always filled, a constant availability of water is ensured.
2. A hydraulic accumulator for a pumping station, the main structural element of which is a membrane that creates the required pressure of the liquid medium in the system, ensures the supply of water to the pipeline even in cases where the pump is not functioning. However, water will flow into the pipeline when the pump is not working until it runs out in the hydraulic tank.
3. The use of a hydraulic accumulator eliminates such a negative phenomenon as water hammer in the pipeline system.
4. Water pumps operated in conjunction with a hydraulic tank have a longer service life, as they operate in a more gentle mode, turning on only at those moments when the fluid level in the hydraulic accumulator drops to a critical level.

To ensure efficient operation of a pumping station equipped with a hydraulic accumulator, it is very important that the pressure switch installed on it is correctly adjusted.

Among the disadvantages of pumping stations with a hydraulic tank are the following.

1. It is necessary to allocate a decent area for the installation of such equipment, which is explained by the large dimensions of the accumulator.
2. If the pressure switch fails, the site on which such equipment is installed will be flooded with water.
3. The design features of the hydraulic tank require regular (once every 2-3 months) bleeding of air from its tank, which ensures the efficient operation of such equipment (the design of the hydraulic accumulator requires the presence of a special valve for this procedure).

Types of hydraulic accumulators for equipping pumping stations

When equipping a pumping station for a home, various types of hydraulic accumulators can be used. Such devices can differ from each other not only in their capacity, but also in their design. Thus, according to the last parameter, hydraulic accumulators are distinguished into two main types:

• vertical (their design assumes that the valve through which the accumulated air is released is located in the upper part of the tank);
• horizontal (to reduce the air pressure in a hydraulic accumulator of this type, use a special valve installed at the rear of the tank).

In order to understand how a hydraulic accumulator works, you need to know what such a device consists of. The main design elements of the hydraulic accumulator are:

• a tank, which is made primarily of metal;
• a membrane for the accumulator, which divides its tank into two halves;
• a nipple through which air is pumped into the accumulator;
• the outlet pipe through which the water in the accumulator enters the pipeline system.

The principle of operation of the hydraulic accumulator, which necessarily operates in conjunction with a pressure switch, can be described in more detail as follows.

• Water pumped into the tank of the device compresses the membrane, on the reverse side of which (in the other half of the tank) there is an air environment characterized by a certain pressure.
• The air pressure in one half of the hydraulic tank acts through a membrane on the water in the second half of the tank, also creating pressure in it that helps squeeze out the liquid medium through the outlet pipe under a certain pressure.

As it becomes clear from the principle of operation of the hydraulic accumulator, in a water supply system such a device ensures the maintenance of a constant pressure of the liquid medium.

Pumping stations without membrane tank

Water supply can also be organized using pumping stations without a hydraulic accumulator. If a good pump and all the necessary automation for the pump are used for this, then such equipment is quite capable of transporting water through the pipeline system under constant pressure. The design of a water supply pumping station of this type includes a pump, as well as control devices and control mechanisms that ensure its operation in automatic mode.

The principle of operation of a pumping station, which is not equipped with a hydraulic accumulator, is as follows: when you open the tap at any of the water intake points, sensors and relays installed on such equipment automatically turn on the pump, which begins to pump water directly from an underground source - a well or a well. As soon as the tap is closed, the pump automatically stops working. Thus, the operating principle of these pumping stations is quite simple, which determines both the pros and cons of this equipment.

The advantages of pumping stations that are not equipped with a hydraulic accumulator include their compact size, as well as the fact that they are capable of creating a fluid flow with greater pressure than stations equipped with a hydraulic tank. Among the disadvantages of stations of this type, it should be noted that the pumps in them operate in a more intensive mode and, accordingly, fail much faster than in stations equipped with a hydraulic accumulator. In addition, such plants cannot supply water to the pipeline system in cases where there are power outages and the pump stops working.

“Beasts, cattle, trees, flowers, even flies drink without water, neither here nor there!” - these words from the cheerful song of a water carrier, written in 1937 by Lebedev-Kumach for the film “Jolly Fellows”, clearly tell the story of the importance of water supply in our country. In order to organize an effective constant supply of water to the water supply system of a private home, it is necessary to select the optimal equipment; for this, you should understand the principle of operation of a water pumping station.

In connection with the terminological confusion that has arisen recently, let us clarify what the concept of “pumping station” means in relation to a private house. From a technical point of view, a pumping station is a system for forced supply of liquid, which includes equipment (pumps, tanks, pipelines) and structures. In our case, the meaning is narrowed, structures (a well or borehole, a residential building) are taken out of the brackets. In practice, it has happened that sellers often call pumping stations only compact, fully complete units equipped with non-submersible pumps, denying this to other equipment. This interpretation can be increasingly found on the Internet, especially on non-professional resources. We will adhere to generally accepted technical concepts and will include in the review all types of pumping stations, regardless of their configuration method, design and the opinion of sales workers.

General structure and storage tanks

The equipment of any “home” water supply station includes a pump, a water tank and automatic control. The general operating principle of water stations couldn’t be simpler: the pump supplies water from a source, it accumulates in a reservoir, from where it enters the water supply system, and the automation turns the pump on and off.

Schematic diagram of a water station, one of the equipment options

With a general operating algorithm, station equipment and the features of their functioning vary significantly. Below we will take a closer look at the types of pumps and the purpose of automation; let’s start with tanks, because it is the differences in their design that determine the type of pumping station and the possibility of creating stable pressure in the water supply system. Reservoirs are divided into two groups: open storage tanks and hydraulic accumulators.

Open storage tanks

A storage tank is an outdated, but simple and inexpensive solution. At the highest point of the water supply (often in the attic) a steel or plastic container is installed into which the pump pumps water. From there it flows by gravity down to the water collection points. The higher the tank is located and the larger its volume, the more stable the pressure. Essentially, this is a mini-water tower, which has significant disadvantages:

• The inability to provide sufficient pressure, which is common in modern water supply systems. Moreover, on the second floor the pressure will be noticeably weaker. And it’s not a fact that the washing machine will be able to work, and you’ll have to forget about the hydromassage shower and automatic watering systems.
• You need to find a place in the house for a large and heavy container. The minimum tank volume is 80 liters, the recommended daily consumption is more than half a ton for a family of three, not counting the seasonal consumption for watering the garden.

Manufacturers offer a wide selection of polymer tanks, many of them are equipped with the necessary fittings for connection as a storage tank

• The need for effective thermal insulation of the tank and pipelines if they are located in an unheated attic.
• Unreliability of automation. It should ensure that the pump turns on when the water level drops below the set level and turns off when it is exceeded. An affordable solution is a lever float, like in old Soviet toilets, equipped with an electric contact group. The smaller the tank capacity, the more often it operates and the faster it fails.

The tank is not sealed and communicates with the atmosphere. To prevent the tank from overfilling and water from flooding the entire house in the event of a circuit breaker failure, an overflow is made at the top point - through which the excess is discharged into the sewer or onto the street. If the overflow does not function for some reason, expect trouble.

One of the few advantages of a storage tank is the ability to use a low-power pump, as long as it raises the water to the desired height. True, the weaker the pump, the larger the volume the reservoir must have, otherwise, with significant water withdrawal, the inflow will not keep up with the flow rate.

Diagram of a home water supply system, the basis of which is a submersible pump and an open storage tank

Hydraulic accumulators

Unlike storage tanks, hydraulic accumulators are sealed and operate under pressure. Inside there is a rubber membrane (the so-called “bulb”) filled with air, and less often a spring piston. When the tank is filled with water, the pneumatic membrane contracts, accumulating compression energy to a greater extent than water can do. When drawing water, the “pear” straightens, pushing out the liquid.

Design option for a membrane tank

The reservoir supplies the network with a volume of water noticeably greater than its nominal capacity. The automatic control is adjusted to the lower and upper pressure limits; if the water flow is low, the pump will not turn on. To adequately work with a hydraulic accumulator, you need an appropriate pump that is powerful enough to create the necessary pressure and efficient enough to keep up with refilling the tank. The main advantages of such tanks:

• A hydraulic accumulator paired with an appropriate pump is capable of stably maintaining a given pressure in the water supply (1.5-3 bar), at which all household appliances that require water supply (washing and dishwasher, refrigerator with ice maker, etc.) will operate stably. any hydromassage devices, automatic watering systems. The vast majority of hydraulic accumulators are designed for a maximum pressure of 4.5 bar or more, which is more than enough to supply water to a two-story house with a basement.
• The water pressure in all faucets and on all floors will be the same, even if several of them are turned on. But provided that the pipe sections and wiring diagram are chosen correctly.
• The tank can be installed anywhere, it is compact. Placing it in the basement or on the first floor, it is convenient to service. The shape can be vertical or horizontal, this does not affect the characteristics.

Equipment options for pumping stations based on a hydraulic accumulator with surface and submersible pumps

How to choose a hydraulic accumulator

In a private house, hydraulic accumulators with a capacity of 20 liters to several hundred liters are installed. The specific need is calculated using special formulas, but roughly we can say that for a thrifty married couple the minimum volume is enough; for 3-4 people it is better to take 50-80 liters; for a large family or a house saturated with consumers (large-volume bathtub, swimming pool, large consumption for automatic watering, etc.) 100 liters or more is suitable. In theory, the larger the tank, the better: pressure drops are minimized; it turns on less often, which means the pump lasts longer; In case of a power outage there is a greater reserve. But the tank is larger and costs more. It is possible to install several hydraulic accumulators; if the initial capacity was not enough, you can add another one. In the case where one pump and well serves two apartments or houses, each of the neighbors can install their own separate tank. When choosing a pump, it should be taken into account that its performance should approximately correspond to the volume of the hydraulic accumulator; for 20 l, 1.5 m3/h is enough, 50 l - 2.5 m3/h, 100 l - 5 m3/h.

The choice of hydraulic accumulators by volume is very wide

Operating pumping stations with a hydraulic accumulator is not difficult: once a month it is recommended to check the pressure in the air membrane and, if necessary, pump it up with a regular car pump.

Attention: during pumping, the power supply to the pump must be turned off and the water intake must be open!

What pumps are equipped with pumping stations?

Pumps for water supply to private houses are divided into two groups: surface and submersible. This difference does not affect the general design of the pumping station, and both are capable of interacting with both storage tanks and hydraulic accumulators. Each group has pumps of different capacities, the maximum values ​​are similar, but the lift height (pressure) is significantly lower for surface ones; for deep wells, only submersible ones are used.

Note! When choosing a pump, you cannot rely only on its rated capacity. The fact is that the main characteristics indicate its maximum value, which is achieved only up to a certain lifting height. With increasing altitude, productivity also decreases; at maximum pressure values, it decreases significantly.

The graph shows how much productivity depends on the lifting height

Surface pumps

Surface pumps are located at the top; only the intake hose is lowered into the well or well. Water suction in single-stage pumps occurs due to ejection, creating a vacuum. Ejector pumping stations are cheap, but have an increased noise level. Multistage ones are more expensive, but quieter and more economical. In general, surface pumps with a relatively high productivity, 4-8 m3/hour, cannot lift water to a significant height; budget models (most of them are 15-20 m, the most expensive are 55 m. This type of pump is used in complete pumping stations ( popular name is “reckless”, it is combined in one block with a small-volume hydrophore (24-50 l) and simple automation. Such stations are relatively cheap and are ready for work immediately after connecting to pipelines. But, given their low pressure, stations are used only with an insignificant well depth - from 8-15 m, rarely more.

Complete pumping station SperoniAPM 100 based on an ejector surface pump (top) and a 25-liter hydraulic accumulator, maximum well depth 25 m

Submersible pumps

For deep wells and wells, submersible (deep) pumps are suitable. Their performance is comparable to the previous type, but the pressure is much higher, up to 125 m. Structurally, they are divided into vibration and centrifugal.

• Vibration pumps (domestic “Malysh”, “Rucheyok”) are very cheap, but their characteristics are modest: pressure up to 60 m, a significant drop in productivity with increasing lift height. They are good for wells, but for long-term use in wells they are not the best option; vibration over time contributes to silting of the filter. Quite noisy if the source is not soundproofed. They are not capable of creating significant pressure and are better suited for use with storage tanks.

"Rucheyok" - cheap and cheerful

• Centrifugal pumps are much more expensive and more powerful, operate silently, and are very reliable. Models for wells have an external cooling jacket and a large diameter. Borehole pumps are capable of lifting water to great heights, have a limited diameter, and are more sensitive to voltage changes.

Centrifugal pumps: on the left, with a larger diameter and with an external cooling jacket - for wells, on the right - for wells

For submersible pumps, a check valve is required; in vibrating pumps, it is part of the structure and is located in front of the pump; in centrifugal pumps, it is after it, often supplied separately from the pump.

The productivity of the equipment and the amount of water consumption should not exceed the flow rate of the well, so that a critical decrease in the water level does not occur.

Does it make sense to overpay for automation?

Automatic control is designed to perform two functions: maintain a given pressure in the water supply network and ensure equipment protection.

• Pressure stability is ensured by turning the pump on and off when it drops and normalizes and by the action of the pneumatic membrane. There are several types of control, from the simplest pressure switches to complex microprocessor devices that precisely maintain the required parameters.
• Protection may be needed from “dry running”, when the source has dried up, from overheating, and unstable voltage. Centrifugal well pumps operating in extreme conditions need it more than others. Advanced, expensive models are equipped with comprehensive built-in protection. The sensor and automatic dry running can be installed independently of the pump.

Additional pumping station equipment, including automation

Selection and installation of equipment

Knowing how a pumping station works, we understand the principles for selecting equipment. It is necessary to take into account water consumption, source flow, lift height and your family budget. For a country house, you can decide for yourself and even install the “crazy” on a shallow well with your own hands. By the way, it is always better to install the equipment in the house, in a warm place and with easy access. But as for the pumping station for a decent house with a deep well, here you can make an approximate estimate yourself, but it is still better to entrust the final configuration, installation and configuration to specialists.

Video: how to assemble and install a pumping station