Among the new treatment systems that have replaced fetid cesspools, septic tanks are especially popular. But since the cost of finished structures is not affordable for everyone, you have to make a septic tank from concrete rings with your own hands.
When the sewerage system in the country or in a private house cannot be connected to central communications, the question of your own sewage treatment plant becomes relevant, and in this case a septic tank is the best option. Unlike conventional cesspools, it cleans domestic wastewater, making it environmentally friendly, inhibits unpleasant odors and, if properly organized, may not need to be pumped out for many years. When deciding which septic tank to establish, preference is often given to structures made of concrete rings.
Types and principle of operation of a septic tank made of concrete rings
The principle of operation of all septic tanks is the same, the only difference lies in the use of different materials for the construction of a septic tank in a private house and the number of chambers - reservoirs for collecting sewage.
- It is impractical to install a single-chamber septic tank, since the filtration process
will stop as soon as the bottom becomes silted. It depends a lot
on the amount of wastewater and the volume of the septic tank, but for a long time this
the treatment plant will not work. Frequent pumping out of settled fractions will incur additional costs for the services of a sewer and the launch of new bacteria. - The two-chamber septic tank is quite functional. In the first chamber, only fermentation and settling of effluents occurs when the bottom is closed, in the second one is already enough
treated wastewater that goes into the ground. The filtration rate depends on
the quality of the drainage system.
- A three-chamber septic tank is the most advanced option in terms of household waste disposal. In this case, the first two tanks play the role of sedimentation tanks, the water in them is of different degrees of purification, and the third acts as a filtration
fields. Therefore, when deciding which septic tank to make, it is better to dwell on this option.
Important! In working order, the septic tanks must be filled to the overflow level, and the filtration fields contain only a certain amount of purified water.
Calculation of the required volume of a septic tank
The volume of effluents, and accordingly the volume of the container, is calculated by the formula: the number of people living is multiplied by 200 liters, multiplied by 3 days and divided by 1000, the resulting number determines the required volume of the container in cubic meters.
200 liters is the consumption rate per person, of course, in fact it is much less. 3 days - the time during which the water in the septic tank is purified. If guests are often in the house, a washing machine or dishwasher is used, it is recommended to add 200 liters to the volume. The volume of the second tank can be less than the first by 30%, and the third by 50%. Based on these calculations and knowing the volume of one concrete circle, it is easy to calculate how many they will be required.
tab. CONCRETE WELL RINGS
|
NAME |
OVERALL DIMENSIONS in mm. |
|||
|
wall thickness |
int. diameter |
the weight | ||
| KS -7-5 | 500 | 80 | 700 | 0,275 |
| KS -7-9 | 900 | 80 | 700 | 0,410 |
| KS -7-10 | 1000 | 80 | 700 | 0,457 |
| KS -10-2 | 300 | 80 | 1000 | 0,200 |
| KS -10-3 | 300 | 80 | 1000 | 0,200 |
| KS -10-5 | 500 | 80 | 1000 | 0,200 |
| KS -10-6 | 600 | 80 | 1000 | 0,400 |
| KS -10-9 | 900 | 80 | 1000 | 0,610 |
| KS -10-9 s / z | 900 | 80 | 1000 | 0,610 |
| COP -10-10 h | 1000 | 80 | 1000 | 0,660 |
| KS -12-10 | 1000 | 80 | 1200 | 1,050 |
| KS -15-3 | 300 | 80 | 1000 | 0,200 |
| KS -15-6 | 600 | 80 | 1500 | 0,670 |
| KS -15-9 | 900 | 90 | 1500 | 1,00 |
| COP -15-10 h | 1000 | 100 | 1500 | 1,240 |
| KS -20-6 | 600 | 100 | 2000 | 1,20 |
| KS -20-9 | 900 | 100 | 2000 | 1,50 |
Concrete ring septic tank: construction stages
Sewerage with a septic tank made of concrete rings is distinguished by reliability, durability and a high level of cleaning of household sewage. The price of such a structure will be relatively low, and with excellent waterproofing and the correct scheme, the pumping of containers will not be required often. The complexities of construction include the need to attract heavy equipment and the peculiarities of installing pipes between concrete sections.
Preparatory stage
The installation of a septic tank is carried out in compliance with all sanitary, building rules and regulations. They think over the design of the treatment plant, the location on a private site and agree on the plan in the relevant authorities. They decide which septic tank is better to install, so that the sewage system in a private house is made as comfortable as possible. Correctly calculate the volume of the septic tank and start construction.
Excavation
The pit for a sewage treatment plant in a private house should be so large that nothing interferes with the installation of the rings. The bottom of the cesspools, at the installation site of the settling tanks, is concreted. This makes it possible to exclude the ingress of not yet purified water into the soil.
The foundation for the second or subsequent chambers is made in such a way that water can go into the soil. To do this, make a filter cushion up to 1 meter deep from gravel and sand.
Advice! If, during the installation of the septic tank, the pit under the filtration well reaches the sandy layer of the soil, the water will leave it as quickly and easily as possible.
The shape of the pit does not have to be round, a standard, square one is also suitable, the main thing is that the rings go into it freely. In addition, a ready-made concrete slab can be laid in a square pit on the bottom, while in a round one only a cement screed can be made. At this stage of work, it is also worth remembering that if you place each subsequent well 20-30 cm lower than the previous one, the septic tank and the sewerage itself will be more functional.
Delivery and installation of reinforced concrete rings
The rings are delivered and installed by freight transport, so it is worthwhile to provide an entrance to the construction site in advance, to take into account the additional economic costs and the turning radius of the crane boom, gas, telephone or electrical communications should not interfere with it.
Between themselves, the rings are usually connected with metal staples, the joints are coated with a solution of cement and sand.
Installation of reinforced concrete rings
When all the wells are installed, holes are made in them and overflow pipes are installed, the external sewage system is connected to the treatment plant through a drain pipe entering the first container. The pipe entry points must be sealed.
The space between the installed rings and the walls of the pit is covered with soil and carefully tamped in layers. If the septic tank is installed above the freezing level of the soil, it is insulated, otherwise the sewage system will be non-functional in the cold season.
Advice! It is better to deliver and install concrete rings at the same time, this will help save not only money, but also time. It is worth completing all the earthworks in advance and unloading the rings, not just on the site, but immediately, performing the installation of the septic tank.
Waterproofing
Good waterproofing of a septic tank is fundamental to its proper operation. It is up to each builder to decide which sealant is best for this purpose. Usually, for the treatment of seams, rubber-bitumen mastic is used, polymer mixtures are less common. For a longer operation of cesspools, internal waterproofing of the tank seams is also performed.
If the sealing is done poorly, then the ingress of untreated wastewater into the ground will be the lesser of evils. The tanks of the septic tank, especially during the spring thaw, will be filled with water, and all its contents will flow out through the plumbing in the house, repeated pumping will be required.
Ventilation
An exhaust pipe with a height of up to 4 meters above the level of the septic tank overlap must be installed on the first tank. It is necessary so that the gases formed as a result of the fermentation of effluents can escape, and there are no unpleasant odors on the site. If possible, ventilation pipes are installed on each well.
Septic tank overlap
The task of the overlap is not only to close the pit, it must ensure the tightness of the containers. As a rule, the chambers are covered with ready-made reinforced concrete slabs, on which a hole for a hatch made of cast iron or thick plastic is provided. Then the structure is covered with a small layer of soil. Hatches on each of the wells will help monitor the condition and filling of the septic tank, and will also make it possible to periodically add a mixture of active bacteria to the cesspools.
Service of septic tanks
After the start of the sewerage system in a private
the house needs to take measures that will extend its life.
• When evacuating the contents of the container, some of the accumulated sludge is left at the bottom in order to ensure further normal filling of the chambers with active bacteria.
• Pumping out of the contents of the septic tank is carried out by sewage equipment, which collects wastewater through the discharge pipe.
• There are also biological methods of purification, the use of so-called bacteria for septic tanks and cesspools. They will help to significantly reduce the amount of sediment, and, therefore, pumping out the liquid will be required less often.
• It is categorically not recommended to flush rags, matches, napkins, hygiene products and even toilet paper into the sewer
