The use of concrete rings for autonomous sewerage is due to their positive qualities. They have good resistance to temperature extremes, large volley discharges, and ground pressure. Concrete products are very durable, and structures made from them are inexpensive and spacious.
The construction is based on concrete rings stacked on top of each other. Cleaning of household waste is carried out by settling and further filtration in separately constructed tanks.
It is currently possible to build three types of structures:
- single-chamber;
- two-chamber;
- three-chambered.
Competently arranged three-chamber version will provide maximum wastewater treatment
A single-chamber septic tank made of concrete rings, the scheme of which is simply an improved version of a cesspool, is intended only for the accumulation and settling of sewage. Therefore, to clean it, you will have to constantly call a sewer truck. A single-chamber septic tank made of concrete rings can be built in a country house where a small number of people live seasonally.
In terms of cleaning domestic wastewater, a device made of concrete rings 2 wells is more effective. The scheme of such a septic tank includes two reservoirs. One of them accumulates impurities. After some time, they disintegrate into heavy fractions and settle to the bottom, and the settled water passes into another container, at the bottom of which there is a drainage layer of sand and gravel.
The most complete treatment plant is a do-it-yourself septic tank made of concrete rings with three chambers... The first two chambers are used for settling waste, and the third acts as a drainage well. The device of a septic tank made of concrete rings, a scheme of this type is the most optimal option for a sewage system in a private house. Wastewater treatment in a three-chamber structure reaches 90% subject to all the nuances of installation work.
The main stages of installation work during the construction of a septic tank from concrete rings:
- arrangement of the pit;
- installation of concrete rings;
- supply of sewer pipes;
- ventilation system device;
- sealing joints;
- installation of floors and backfill.
Arrangement of the pit
Digging work can be carried out using special equipment or manually. When building a new home it is better to dig a pit with an excavator... But at the same time, one nuance should be taken into account: when digging a pit with a bucket, a pit is obtained, the shape and dimensions of which are much larger than those required by a septic tank from concrete rings installation. It will not be easy to lower products weighing 400 kg or more into such a pit on your own. That's why have to use the services of a crane... Digging by hand takes much more time, but allows you to make a pit exactly to size.
Concrete rings with a bottom should be installed in the pit first, i.e. - the bottom
The bottom of the pit must be concreted to prevent untreated wastewater from entering the soil. If a septic tank is made of concrete rings and its device involves the use of special products with a bottom, then the bottom of the pit does not need to be concreted.
If a three-chamber version is being constructed from concrete rings for a bath or a house, then in the third filtering well a pillow made of gravel and sand 50 cm thick... At the stage of digging a foundation pit, trenches are made for pipes connecting the tanks and leaving the house. A layer of sand 10 cm thick is poured into the bottom of the trenches.
Mounting
Since the concrete elements are quite heavy, a lifting crane or a homemade winch is used to install them in the pit. Another method can be used - sequential installation of rings with undercutting, but this method is very labor intensive. In addition, it is rather inconvenient to concrete the bottom of the septic tank, in which the rings are already installed.
After installation, the rings must be fastened to each other with a cement-sand mortar... Additionally, they can be fastened with metal staples. This precaution will prevent ring cracking during seasonal ground movements.
Sewer pipe supply
Holes for pipes are punched in the mounted rings. The pipe transporting wastewater to the first well is placed at a slight angle... The pipe that connects the first and second wells should be 20 cm lower than the previous one, and the pipe supplying cleaned wastewater to the filter well should be installed another 20 cm lower.
Ventilation system device
To ensure ventilation of the septic tank, it is necessary to connect the drain pipe to the ventilation riser, which goes to the roof of the building... The riser pipe in diameter should not be less than the pipe transporting domestic wastewater to the septic tank.
If the ventilation pipe is made smaller than the drain pipe, then the drains will create a "piston" effect, and this leads to the disappearance of the water seal in the siphons of plumbing fixtures. As a result, sewage odors begin to penetrate into the room.
Therefore, it is very important to build a septic tank from concrete rings, the ventilation of which will be as efficient as possible. perform two main tasks:
- exclude rarefaction of air in sewer pipes;
- eliminate unpleasant odors from sewers and wells.
Sealing joints between rings and pipes
Ordinary concrete, contrary to popular belief, does not hold water. A septic tank made of concrete rings is no exception.
Waterproofing the internal and external surfaces of the septic tank must be done very carefully. To do this, use a solution of liquid glass, bituminous mastic or well-proven polymer mastics. The best results when deciding how correctly make a septic tank from concrete ringswith the best waterproofing, gives concrete mortar with special additives.
Installation of ceilings and backfilling
The assembled sewer wells are covered with concrete slabs, in which holes are made for the installation of hatches. After installing the plates, the septic tank is backfilled. To do this, use the soil taken out of the pit. At the end of the filling, the septic tank is completely ready for use.
The cost of installing a septic tank from concrete rings with your own hands
Compliance with the technology of installation work ensures high-quality and durable operation of the septic tank. Of course, industrial sewage treatment plants provide a higher degree of wastewater treatment, but if we take into account their high cost, then a septic tank made of concrete rings should be considered the best option.
