You cannot do without an autonomous sewage system in the country, as well as a heating system or a water supply system. Cesspools are outdated and inconvenient, purchased septic tanks are too expensive, what can be the best option, affordable and not very difficult to install? There is nothing better than building a septic tank from concrete rings with your own hands.
Calculations and drawing up a diagram
First you need to decide on the number of structures. There may be a different number of them, but the standard set consists of three:
- a chamber for settling effluents;
- chamber for cleaning from dirt;
- a well for filtration (can be replaced with a filtration field).
A varied device of a septic tank made of concrete rings depends on the number of residents.
Two cleaning chambers are necessary if several people live in the house who actively use a washing machine, dishwasher, shower, bath. Discharges into the sewer system will be large, respectively, the drains will require more thorough cleaning.
For a small family using a small amount of household appliances, one settling tank is quite enough, respectively, a septic tank made of concrete rings will have two wells.
Septic tanks from two wells with one cleaning chamber are intended for small families
Suppose there are 5 people permanently living in the house. On average, each of them uses about 200 liters of water during the day, therefore, the total daily consumption is 1000 liters. There are building codes according to which the volume of the purification chamber should assume the flow of wastewater in 3 days, that is, at least 3000 liters. Take, for example, a concrete ring with a volume of 0.62 m³ - this means that 5 rings are needed for each well. Usually 2-3 rings are used for the construction of each chamber.
The diagram shows the number of concrete rings, their location and connections
The scheme of a septic tank made of concrete rings is drawn up before the start of construction.
Choosing the best place for installation
When installing a septic tank, the tolerances prescribed in the regulatory documents should be taken into account. Sanitary rules prohibit the location of structures in dangerous proximity to human housing and sources of drinking water.
The choice of a septic tank installation site largely depends on the size of the site
Before marking the site, you must remember the following provisions:
- The distance from the sewage treatment plant to the residential building is at least 5 m.
- A long distance to the house (20 m or more) will cause difficulties and additional costs for the construction of the pipeline.
- The distance from the septic tank to the water source (well, well) is at least 50m.
- A prerequisite is the entrance for special vehicles.
At the installation site, the groundwater level should not be high.
When installing a septic tank, do not forget about laying a ventilation pipe.
Attention! If the pipeline nevertheless turned out to be long, then every 15-20 m and at turns it is necessary to arrange inspection wells.
Preparation of a pit for tanks
In any case, the pit will turn out to be large, since both the cleaning chambers and the filter well must fit in it. The ideal option is to use special equipment, it will save time. In the absence of it or in the impossibility of renting, manual labor can also be used, but it will be longer and harder.
The area of the pit depends on the number of planned wells (2 or 3)
Untreated drains should not get into the ground, therefore, a concrete base should be erected at the installation site of the sedimentation tanks. A sand pillow 40-50 cm thick is used as drainage.
Attention! There are concrete rings with a blind bottom. They are ideal for settling chambers and do not require additional bottom concreting.
Concreting the base of wells prevents the penetration of contaminated wastewater into the soil
The base of the filter well also needs additional preparation. A pillow made of sand, gravel and crushed stone with a thickness of 50 cm and more is the best option.
Installation process of concrete rings
Most likely, you will need special equipment. It is difficult to dig a pit manually, but it is possible, and it will not work to install heavy concrete structures without special equipment. Renting a lift for a few hours will pay off with a high-quality installation of structures.
For a septic tank, it is better to use locking well rings, their approximate cost is 1,500 rubles apiece
The installation of concrete rings is a crucial moment, so it is better to use lifting equipment
