The presence of a septic tank on the site is not only a matter of comfort, but also a sanitary and hygienic necessity. Such a device is required both in the house, subject to permanent residence, and in the summer cottage, where they come periodically. It is only important to choose the design that is optimal for specific conditions. . A septic tank with your own hands made of concrete rings, the layout and location of which are correctly selected, will have maximum efficiency.
It is important for those who decide how to make a septic tank from concrete rings with their own hands: the design diagram can include from one to three containers, moreover, with an increase in their number, efficiency increases, the need for the services of a sewer truck decreases, but the cost of the project also increases.
For clarity, you should consider in more detail the most complete version of the septic tank circuit of rings using three containers.
The contaminated water is collected in the first, largest reservoir, where settling and sedimentation of the largest fractions occurs, after which the partially purified water undergoes a similar procedure in the second reservoir, which is structurally practically no different from the first (sometimes it is advisable to make it slightly smaller in volume).
The second tank settles small inclusions, the water becomes relatively clean and enters the third tank. Its distinctive feature is the presence of a filter backfill instead of a concrete bottom... Passing through the drainage layer, water gets rid of the residues of contamination and goes into the ground.
The photo shows an example of how to install a septic tank from concrete rings with your own hands - a diagram of three containers
If a two-tank septic tank made of concrete rings is chosen, the scheme can include two tanks with concrete bottoms or one with a concrete bottom and one with a filtering layer.
Single-chamber models only collect wastewater and partially precipitate insoluble inclusions. Such modifications are cheap, but ineffective and are suitable only for periodically visited summer cottages. Removal of contaminated water from a single-chamber septic tank can only be carried out using a sewage machine. A similar cleaning is required for both two-chamber and three-chamber structures, however, the required pumping frequency in these cases is much less.
About the features of the organization of the sewage system in the bath, we.
Design nuances and full equipment
In order for a septic tank made by hand from well rings not to give out its presence with an unpleasant odor and not to have a harmful effect on the composition of the soil or water in nearby water bodies, it is important not to neglect the nuances and equip the structure in accordance with the requirements.
So the drain pipe (plastic products are preferable) should have a slope of 2 cm per meter of length along the entire length and enter the concrete section no deeper than 20-25 cm from the upper edge of the upper ring. However, in practice, very often the entrance of the pipe into the section occurs much lower when digging a trench and laying pipes deeper than the level of soil freezing (approximately 1 m.)
A feature of the first section is the presence of a concrete bottom, which minimizes the likelihood of dirty runoff entering the ground. In a similar way, the first section is arranged when choosing a two-chamber septic tank, as well as the only reservoir of single-chamber models.
The scheme of a septic tank made of concrete rings for three or two containers provides for filling the bottom of the last of the tanks with materials capable of retaining large and medium insoluble inclusions, if any, and removing liquid into the ground. To do this, you can use sand, gravel or expanded clay, and the optimal solution would be layer-by-layer stacking of materials with different fractionation.
Preliminary calculations
The reason for the inefficiency of the structure or the inconvenience of its operation can be not only a violation of technology at the construction stage, but also an error in calculations when determining the required volume and the optimal location of the structure.
Based on the average volume of water consumption (approximately 200 liters of water is required per person per day), it is customary to choose the following volumes of septic tanks from reinforced concrete rings:
- for 2-3 people - 1.5 cubic meters m (in this case, there is no need to install a three-chamber structure, with proper organization of drainage and cleaning, two chambers will be enough),
- for 4 people the optimal tanks are 2 cubic meters. m,
- when installing one septic tank for 2-3 families (10-12 people) living in separate parts of the house, a volume of at least 5 cubic meters will be required.
The volume of the septic tank is set taking into account the fact that it takes an average of 3 days for a full cycle of wastewater processing, so the tank should hold a three-day rate without the risk of overflow.
When choosing the location of the structure, the following requirements for the distance of the septic tank from certain objects should be observed:
- from natural natural reservoirs - at least 30 m,
- from the place of drinking water intake - at least 50 m,
- from fruit trees, vegetable beds - at least 3 meters,
- from the road at least 5 m (it is important to ensure the possibility of unimpeded access of large-sized vehicles, since at a certain frequency it will be necessary to approach the sewer truck to pump out the drains, and during the cleaning of the septic tank - the disposal of the material of the drainage layer).
Installation of the structure
The device of a septic tank from concrete rings with your own hands involves the use of elements with a large weight, it is impossible to move and install such products manually, moreover, it is unacceptable to roll them if transportation is necessary (in this case, microcracks form on the side surfaces, which contribute to the penetration of dirty liquid into the soil). Thus, it will not be possible to do without the use of sufficiently powerful lifting equipment.
The choice of the method of digging pits remains with the owner of the house, and before you build a septic tank from concrete rings with your own hands for a private house or summer cottage, you need to decide which of the ways to stop:
- The excavator will get the job done quickly, but it needs a lot of free space. In addition, dimensional accuracy in this case cannot be expected, which means that backfilling after installation will require more time and effort.
- Manual excavation of the pit is more laborious, but more accurate.
Further installation work includes several stages (do-it-yourself installation is considered according to the scheme of a septic tank made of concrete rings, which provides for three chambers):
Service
To ensure efficiency, it is not enough to have information on how to correctly make a septic tank from concrete rings. Competent maintenance of the structure is also required. With a large distance, a revision well is required for every 20 meters of the pipeline, regardless of the type of design chosen.
The rest of the requirements depend on the cleaning scheme. In the most efficient septic tanks, it is enough to clean it every three years with treatment with disinfectants and (if necessary) restoration of the inner layer of waterproofing. At the same time, dirty filter material is removed and disposed of, for which it is better to use the services of specialized services, since the usual storage of such waste is a gross violation of sanitary standards.
For single-chamber septic tanks, maintenance is mainly reduced to timely emptying using a sewer machine. Nevertheless, even such simple structures need to be periodically revised, checking their tightness, and treated with disinfectants.
Pro, we have a separate material on the site.
On the methods of cleaning cesspools and septic tanks.
Advantages
Having made a septic tank from concrete rings with your own hands, you can be sure that it will be distinguished by its durability and efficiency. With proper operation, it practically does not wear out, does not deteriorate and will last for decades. At the same time, you do not have to spend a lot of money on maintenance.
