The final lesson based on the story of AI Kuprin "The Wonderful Doctor".
Lesson objectives:
Develop skills in analyzing artwork;
Reinforce the concept of the genre of the Christmas story;
To bring to the attention of children the main points from the biography of the famous surgeon Pirogov;
To cultivate love and compassion for people in children's souls; to awaken students' thoughts on such issues of morality and behavior as mercy, compassion, kindness;
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MBOU "KULLE-KIMINSKAYA GENERAL EDUCATIONAL SCHOOL"
NAMED AFTER SIBGAT KHAKIM
ATNA MUNICIPAL DISTRICT OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
(story of A. I. Kuprin "The Wonderful Doctor").
Russian literature lesson in grade 6.
Compiled by: Batrshina Sania Faritovna
teacher II q. categories
russian language and literature
2012-13 academic year.
Topic: According to the recipe of Professor Pirogov (story by A. I. Kuprin "The Wonderful Doctor").
Objectives:
Develop skills in analyzing artwork; - to consolidate the concept of the genre of the Christmas story;
To bring to the attention of children the main points from the biography of the famous surgeon Pirogov;
To cultivate love and compassion for people in children's souls; to awaken students' thoughts on such issues of morality and behavior as mercy, compassion, kindness;
Slide 1.
Epigraph to the lesson: And you? Say:
What mark will you leave?
An invisible lasting mark
In someone else's soul for many years?
Olga Vysotskaya.
Slide 2. (illustration for the story)
Teacher: The composition of the work is unusual. There are two storytellers here. This ... This form of building a work is called a story in a story. Kuprin heard this story from Grigory Mertsalov, a successful banker, a prosperous, wealthy man who was known as an example of decency and benevolence. But only the life of this man in his youth was difficult, joyless, dreary. What does Grigory Mertsalov remember?
Answer: Grigory Mertsalov recalls how he and his brother stood at the shop window of the deli (reading the description of the window from the textbook).
Teacher: Why does the author begin the memories of boys with a description of the shop windows of a deli, is it by chance?
Answer: Extremely hungry ... They have never seen so much tasty food on their table ...
Teacher: What kind of life did the boys see on their way home? How was she different from their life?
Answer: Wide, brightly lit streets, tall buildings, luxurious shop windows were replaced by narrow, unlit alleys, low poor houses ... Shining Christmas trees, trotters racing under their blue and red nets, the festive animation of the crowd, a cheerful hum ... - the house of the Mertsalovs, a dark narrow corridor, furnishings in the room, Elizaveta Ivanvna, a sick girl ...
Teacher: What helped us to feel more strongly, poverty and tragedy of disadvantaged people?
Teacher: What words in describing a poor home help us imagine the dire situation of the family? Find in the text and read.Answer: dungeon; smoky walls crying from dampness; wet cuts, kerosene smell; the smell of rats ...
Slide 3.
Teacher: Here are illustrations for the story of the artist Natalia Salienko. Who do you recognize here? What colors did the artist use? Why? Do the illustrations match your own ideas?
Answers: the artist used dark, gloomy colors. This is how he shows poverty. The life of the Mertsalov family is just as dark and gloomy.
Teacher: What caused such a plight of the Mertsalov family? What attempts is Mertsalov himself making to help the family?
Answers: Mertsalov lost his job due to illness, all his savings were spent on medicines and treatment; he was looking for a job; humbly begged for alms; he was scolded, considering him a parasite; threatened to be sent to the police ...
Conclusion: There are also callous and soulless people who are not capabledo something useful and help those in need.
Teacher: What was the relationship between the members of the Mertsalov family at such a difficult moment in life?
Answers: they supported each other; did not swear; did not blame each other ...
Slide 4 (illustrations by Natalia Salienko).
Teacher: The life of people is not always simple, cloudless. Any of us may have different trials and problems. The most difficult of them, probably, are unemployment, lack of livelihood, illness, the inability to help the closest, dear people in any way. These tests can be so difficult that sometimes even the strongest person gives up. Despair takes hold of him. Mertsalov remained in this position. Why is the writer leading his exhausted, hungry hero into the city garden?
Answers: - The writer again used the technique of contrast. Against the fabulous background of charming, solemn, majestic nature, one feels more strongly what a person is experiencing. The silence and tranquility of nature Kuprin opposes to the tortured soul of Mertsalov. In peace and quiet, he felt a thirst for the same peace and quiet. And he has thoughts of suicide. (He felt a rope under the shirt on his stomach.)
The beauty of the landscape is created with the help of metaphors, personifications, epithets. All this, firstly, serves as a contrast, i.e. opposition. The regal, calm, luxurious nature and the miserable existence of the Mertsalov family. Secondly, he pushes Mertsalov towards the same calmness, the same silence, and he is already ready to fulfill his intention.
Teacher: What prevented Mertsalov from realizing his plans?
Mertsalov's meeting with a stranger.
A few words from the teacher about suicide (there are no hopeless situations).
Slide 5 (illustrations by Natalia Salienko).
Teacher: Help, which (unfortunately, not always) comes at a critical moment, is perceived as a MIRACLE. Agree, anyone would like to hope for the possibility of such a wonderful help. I'd like to! Therefore, every such incident, heard somewhere, told by someone, only reinforces this hope. Can the appearance of a doctor in the Mertsalovs' life be called such a miracle? Why?
Answers : firstly, Mertsalov remained alive; secondly, everything has changed in the Mertsalovs' room: the boys lit the stove, put on the samovar; Mertsalov brought rolls, tea, hot with the money the doctor gave him; thirdly, after a while Mertsalov found a job, Mashutka recovered, the boys began to study at the gymnasium.
Slide 6
Teacher: The action takes place on the eve of the Christmas holiday.Christmas is a religious holiday, the birthday of Christ. There is such a concept - a Christmas story, a Christmas story.The Wonderful Doctor (1897), published in the Christmas issue of the Kievskoe Slovo newspaper, is written in the genre of a Christmastide story. This genre is characterized by a description of a miracle that saves a person in a tragic situation. The purpose of such stories is to help you forget everyday worries and believe in a miracle, feel the atmosphere of a family holiday, awaken love and mercy in your hearts. Therefore, the story is built in this way: in a certain life situation, as a result of a miracle, the hero offended by the circumstances forgets about the misfortune, and everything ends well, as in a fairy tale.
In Russia, special collections were prepared for Christmas; there was a tradition of family reading aloud of Christmas stories. The Wonderful Doctor refers to just such works. But in his story, Kuprin emphasizes the reality of the case. And it even emphasizes when and where "In Kiev about 30 years ago."
Teacher: Why is the main character of the story named now a stranger, now a doctor, and we learn his name only from the pharmacist's record on the medicine label: "According to the prescription of Professor Pirogov"?
Student responses.
Outcome: The words "stranger", "doctor", "professor Pirogov" appear along the way when describing events. Each new definition gradually acquaints us with some new quality of the hero. What qualities did Pirogov N.I. have?
-
Modesty, kindness, compassion, empathy, mercy.
Vocabulary work:
Mercy is a willingness to help someone or forgive someone out of compassion, philanthropy.
Compassion is a feeling of pity for someone who has misfortune, grief.
Empathy is a sympathetic, sympathetic attitude to the experiences and misfortunes of others.
Let's prove his modesty (did not identify himself), kindness ( helped with money, helped as a doctor), compassion (felt sorry for Mertsalov, his wife, children),mercy ( himself responded to help).
Slide 7.
Teacher: Who is Professor Pirogov in reality? Let's listen to the message
Speech by a prepared student about Pirogov.
Teacher: Pirogov was not only an experienced doctor, but an outstanding kind savior of human souls. He helped suffering people free of charge, without demanding rewards and praise. After all, true kindness is not put on display. And they do it from a pure heart, sincerely, secretly.That is why many monuments have been erected to Pirogov.
Teacher: Is there an image in the story opposite to Professor Pirogov?
Answers: Yes. The doorman ...
Teacher: Why do you think Kuprin ends his story with a story about the further fate of the Mertsalov family members?Answers : The good that the doctor did for the Mertsalovs lives in the actions and deeds of the Mertsalovs' children.
Teacher: The topic of our lesson is "According to the recipe of professor Pirogov." What do you think, what recipe the professor left for the children of Mertsalov and us, whether only medical or ... Yes, he also left a recipe for life, prescribed medications that will help any of us to become a real person. What do you think he wrote on this recipe?
Slide 8.
According to the recipe of Professor Pirogov
You will become a real person, in your heart: Kindness
Compassion
Sympathy
Mercy
And most importantly, never lose heart!
Teacher: What, in your opinion, is the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe story? What is he calling us to?
About answers of students.
Slide 9.
Teacher: I made a Pirogov recipe for you, I want
so that he is always with you and that you heal your
souls precisely according to him (the teacher gives a recipe to each student).
Teacher: Now you probably understand the essence of our epigraph to the lesson:
And you? Say:
What mark will you leave?
An invisible lasting mark
In someone else's soul for many years?
Let's think about what you can do, guided by Pirogov's recipe?
Answers: to help lonely old people, sick people; make bird feeders, birdhouses; take care of our smaller brothers ...
Teacher: Is the story relevant today?
Answers: Yes, there are many people who need someone's help.
Slide 10.
Teacher: There are many charitable foundations. For example, the Kind Heart Foundation of the Argumenty i Fakty newspaper helps sick children. It has existed since 2003. Head of the AiF. Kind heart "- Margarita Shirokova. This fund provides material assistance to sick people. There is a fund "gift a life». One of the founders of this charitable foundation is our compatriot Chulpan Khamatova. They support children with cancer.
Slide 11.
Look at the screen. Here are the logos of only a few charitable foundations. This means that there are still those among us who live according to the recipe of Professor Pirogov. This means that there is still Good, Compassion, Compassion, Mercy on Earth. And the main thing is to never lose heart, to fight the circumstances and at the first opportunity to reach out to someone who needs help.
Homework: write a letter to Professor Pirogov.
The bottom line.
Help that comes at a critical moment is perceived as a MIRACLE. Agree, anyone would like to hope for the possibility of such a wonderful help. I'd like to! Therefore, every such incident, heard somewhere, told by someone, only reinforces this HOPE.
A Christmas story, a Christmas story, a description of a miracle that saves a person in a tragic situation
I.E. Repin. Portrait of the surgeon N.I. Pirogov. Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov with his sons. 1850 g.
moscow, st. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya, designed by academician V.O. Sherwood Estonia, Tartu. The authors of the bust are J. Raudsepp, M. Melder, P. Tarvas, A. Volberg.
Kindness Compassion Compassion Compassion And most importantly, never lose heart! You will become a real person if you have in your heart:
Olga Vysotskaya.
It has existed since 2003. Head of the AiF. Kind Heart "Margarita Shirokova Chulpan Khamatova is one of the founders of the Gift of Life charity foundation.
Vinnytsia, Ukraine. The famous Russian surgeon Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov lived and worked here in the Vishnya estate for 20 years: a man who performed many miracles in his life, the prototype of the “wonderful doctor”, about whom Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin narrates.
On December 25, 1897, the work of A.I. Kuprin's “Wonderful Doctor (a true incident)”, which begins with the lines: “The following story is not the fruit of idle fiction. Everything that I described really happened in Kiev about thirty years ago ... ”- which immediately sets the reader in a serious mood: after all, we take real stories closer to our hearts and feel more worried about the heroes.
So, this story to Alexander Ivanovich was told by a banker friend who, by the way, is also one of the heroes of the book. The real basis of the story is no different from what the author portrayed.
The Wonderful Doctor is a work about the amazing philanthropy, about the mercy of one famous doctor who did not strive for fame, did not expect honors, but only disinterestedly provided assistance to those who needed it here and now.
The meaning of the name
Secondly, no one, except Pirogov, wanted to lend a helping hand to people in need, passers-by replaced the bright and clean message of Christmas with a pursuit of discounts, profitable goods and festive food. In this atmosphere, the manifestation of virtue is a miracle that can only be hoped for.
Genre and direction
The Wonderful Doctor is a story, or, to be more precise, a Christmastide or Christmas story. According to all the laws of the genre, the heroes of the work find themselves in a difficult life situation: misfortunes fall one after another, there is not enough money, which is why the characters even think about settling accounts with their lives. Only a miracle can help them. Miraculously, this becomes a chance meeting with a doctor who, in one evening, helps them overcome life's difficulties. The work "The Wonderful Doctor" has a bright ending: good triumphs over evil, a state of spiritual decline is replaced by hopes for a better life. However, this does not prevent us from attributing this work to the realistic direction, because everything that happened in it is pure truth.
The story takes place on pre-holiday days. Decorated Christmas trees look out of the shop windows, there is an abundance of delicious food everywhere, laughter is heard in the streets, and the ear catches the cheerful conversations of people. But somewhere, very close, poverty, grief and despair reign. And all these human troubles on the bright holiday of the Nativity of Christ are illuminated by a miracle.
Composition
The whole work is built on contrasts. At the very beginning, two boys are standing in front of a bright showcase, a festive spirit is in the air. But when they go home, everything becomes darker: old crumbling houses are everywhere, and their own home is completely in the basement. While in the city people are preparing for the holiday, the Mertsalovs do not know how to make ends meet in order to simply survive. There is no question of a holiday in their family. This stark contrast gives the reader a sense of the desperate situation the family finds itself in.
It is worth noting the contrast among the heroes of the work. The head of the family turns out to be a weak person who is no longer able to solve problems, but is ready to run away from them: he thinks about suicide. Professor Pirogov is presented to us as an incredibly strong, cheerful and positive hero who, with his kindness, saves the Mertsalov family.
The essence
In the story "The Wonderful Doctor" A.I. Kuprin tells how human kindness and indifference to one's neighbor can change life. The action takes place around the 60s of the 19th century in Kiev. The city has an atmosphere of magic and an upcoming holiday. The work begins with the fact that two boys, Grisha and Volodya Mertsalov, gaze happily at the shop window, joke and laugh. But it soon turns out that their family has big problems: they live in a basement, money is sorely lacking, their father was driven from work, their sister died six months ago, and now the second, Mashutka, is very ill. Everyone is desperate and seems to be ready for the worst.
This evening the father of the family goes to beg, but all attempts are in vain. He walks into a park, where he discusses the difficult life of his family, and thoughts of suicide begin to haunt him. But fate turns out to be favorable, and in this very park Mertsalov meets a person who is destined to change his life. They go home to an impoverished family, where the doctor examines Mashutka, prescribes the necessary medications for her and even leaves a large sum of money. He does not name his name, considering it his duty. And only by the signature on the recipe, the family learns that this doctor is the famous professor Pirogov.
The main characters and their characteristics
The story involves a small number of characters. In this work for A.I. Kuprin, the wonderful doctor himself, Alexander Ivanovich Pirogov, is important.
- Pirogov - famous professor, surgeon. He knows the approach to any person: he looks so attentively and interestedly at the father of the family that almost immediately inspires confidence in him, and he talks about all his troubles. Pirogov does not need to think about whether to help or not. He goes home to the Mertsalovs, where he does everything possible to save desperate souls. One of Mertsalov's sons, being already an adult man, remembers him and calls him a saint: "... that great, powerful and holy that lived and burned in the wonderful doctor during his lifetime, has extinguished irrevocably."
- Mertsalov - a man broken by adversity, gnawing at his own impotence. Seeing the death of his daughter, the despair of his wife, the deprivation of the rest of the children, he is ashamed of his inability to help them. The doctor stops him on the way to a cowardly and fatal act, saving, first of all, his soul, which was ready to sin.
Topics
The main themes of the work are mercy, compassion and kindness. The Mertsalov family is doing everything possible to cope with the troubles that have piled on. And in a moment of despair, fate sends them a gift: Doctor Pirogov turns out to be a real magician who, with his indifference and sympathy, heals their crippled souls.
He does not stay in the park when Mertsalov loses his temper: being a man of incredible kindness, he listens to him and immediately does everything possible to help. We do not know how many such acts Professor Pirogov did in his life. But you can be sure that in his heart lived a great love for people, indifference, who turned out to be a saving straw for the unhappy family, which he extended at the right moment.
Problems
AI Kuprin in this short story raises such universal human problems as humanism and the loss of hope.
Professor Pirogov personifies philanthropy, humanism. The problems of strangers are not alien to him, and he takes help to his neighbor for granted. He does not need gratitude for what he has done, he does not need fame: it is only important that people around him fight and do not lose faith in the best. This becomes his main wish to the Mertsalov family: "... and most importantly - never lose heart." However, the entourage of the heroes, their acquaintances and colleagues, neighbors and just passers-by - all turned out to be indifferent witnesses of someone else's grief. They did not even think that someone's misfortune touched them, did not want to show humanity, thinking that they were not authorized to correct social injustice. This is the problem: no one cares about what is happening around, except for one person.
Despair is also described in detail by the author. It poisons Mertsalov, deprives him of his will and strength to move on. Under the influence of sorrowful thoughts, he sinks to a cowardly hope of death, while his family perishes from hunger. The feeling of hopelessness dulls all other feelings and enslaves a person who is only able to feel sorry for himself.
Meaning
What is the main idea of \u200b\u200bAI Kuprin? The answer to this question is precisely contained in the phrase that Pirogov says, leaving the Mertsalovs: never lose heart.
Even in the darkest times, one must hope, seek, and if there is no strength left at all, wait for a miracle. And it happens. With the most ordinary people on one frosty, say, winter day: the hungry become full, the frozen - warm, the sick - recover. And these miracles are performed by people themselves with the kindness of their hearts - this is the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe writer, who saw salvation from social cataclysms in simple mutual assistance.
What does it teach?
This small piece makes you think about how important it is to be indifferent to the people around us. In the hustle and bustle of days, we often forget that somewhere very close neighbors, acquaintances, compatriots suffer, somewhere poverty reigns and despair dominates. Whole families do not know how to earn their living, and barely survive to pay. Therefore, it is so important not to pass by and be able to support: with a kind word or deed.
Helping one person, of course, will not change the world, but it will change one part of it, and the most important one for giving, not receiving help. The giver is enriched much more than the petitioner, because he receives spiritual satisfaction from what he has done.
Interesting? Keep it on your wall!The following story is not the fruit of idle fiction. Everything I described really happened in Kiev about thirty years ago and is still sacred, down to the smallest detail, preserved in the legends of the family that will be discussed. For my part, I only changed the names of some of the characters in this touching story and gave the oral story a written form.
Grisha, and Grisha! Look, little pig ... Laughs ... Yes. And in his mouth! .. Look, look ... grass in his mouth, by God, grass! .. Here's a thing!
And two boys, standing in front of a huge, solid glass window of a grocery store, began to laugh irresistibly, pushing each other in the side with their elbows, but involuntarily dancing from the cruel cold. For more than five minutes they had been stuck in front of this magnificent exhibition, which excited their minds and stomachs alike. Here, illuminated by the bright light of hanging lamps, towered whole mountains of strong red apples and oranges; there were regular pyramids of tangerines, delicately gilded through the tissue paper enveloping them; huge smoked and pickled fish stretched out on the dishes, with ugly open mouths and bulging eyes; below, surrounded by garlands of sausages, flaunted juicy cut hams with a thick layer of pinkish bacon ... Countless jars and boxes of salted, boiled and smoked snacks completed this spectacular picture, looking at which both boys forgot for a minute about twelve degrees of frost and an important assignment , entrusted to them by their mother, - an assignment that ended so unexpectedly and so deplorably.
The older boy was the first to break away from contemplation of the charming sight. He tugged at his brother's sleeve and said sternly:
Well, Volodya, let's go, let's go ... There is nothing here ...
At the same time, suppressing a heavy sigh (the eldest of them was only ten years old, and besides, both had not eaten anything in the morning except empty cabbage soup) and having thrown their last greedy-loving look at the gastronomic exhibition, the boys hurriedly ran down the street. Sometimes, through the foggy windows of a house, they saw a Christmas tree, which from a distance seemed like a huge cluster of bright, shining spots, sometimes they even heard the sounds of a cheerful polka ... But they courageously drove away from themselves a seductive thought: glass.
As the boys walked, the streets became less crowded and darker. Fine shops, shining Christmas trees, trotters racing under their blue and red nets, the screeching of runners, the festive revival of the crowd, the cheerful hum of shouts and conversations, the frosty laughing faces of elegant ladies - everything was left behind. Wastelands, crooked, narrow alleys, gloomy, unlit hills stretched out ... Finally they reached a ramshackle dilapidated house that stood alone; the bottom of it - the basement itself - was stone, and the top was wooden. Walking around the cramped, icy and dirty courtyard, which served as a natural cesspool for all residents, they went down to the basement, walked in a common corridor in the darkness, groped for their door and opened it.
For over a year the Mertsalovs have lived in this dungeon. Both boys had long since become accustomed to these smoky walls weeping from dampness, and to the wet pieces drying on a rope stretched across the room, and to this terrible smell of kerosene fumes, children's dirty linen and rats - the real smell of poverty. But today, after everything they saw on the street, after this festive jubilation that they felt everywhere, their little children's hearts contracted with acute, childish suffering. In the corner, on a wide dirty bed, lay a girl of about seven; her face was burning, her breathing was short and difficult, her wide, shining eyes looked intently and aimlessly. Near the bed, in a cradle suspended from the ceiling, a baby was screaming, wincing, straining and choking. A tall, thin woman, with an emaciated, tired face, as if blackened with grief, knelt beside the sick girl, straightening her pillow and at the same time not forgetting to nudge the swinging cradle with her elbow. When the boys entered and after them white clouds of frosty air rushed into the basement, the woman turned back her worried face.
Well? What? she asked abruptly and impatiently.
The boys were silent. Only Grisha noisily wiped his nose with the sleeve of his coat, which had been made from an old cotton robe.
Did you take the letter? .. Grisha, I'm asking you, did you give the letter?
So what? What did you say to him?
Yes, everything is as you taught. Here, I say, is a letter from Mertsalov, from your former manager. And he scolded us: "Get out, he says, from here ... You bastards ..."
Who is this? Who spoke to you? .. Speak plainly, Grisha!
The doorman was talking ... Who else? I told him: "Take, uncle, the letter, pass it on, and I'll wait for the answer down here." And he says: "Well, he says, keep your pocket ... The master also has time to read your letters ..."
Well, what about you?
I told him everything, as you taught, said: "There is, they say, there is nothing ... Mashutka is sick ... She is dying ..." I say: "As dad finds a place, he will thank you, Savely Petrovich, by God, he will thank you." ... Well, at this time the bell rings as soon as it rings, and he says to us: "Get out of here to the devil! So that your spirit is not here! .." And he even hit Volodka on the back of the head.
And he hit me on the back of the head, - said Volodya, who was following his brother's story with attention, and scratched the back of his head.
The older boy suddenly began anxiously rummaging in the deep pockets of his robe. Finally pulling out the crumpled envelope from there, he put it on the table and said:
Here it is, a letter ...
Mother did not ask any more. For a long time in the stuffy, dank room, only the frantic cry of a baby and the short, rapid breathing of Mashutka were heard, more like continuous monotonous groans. Suddenly the mother said, looking back:
There is borscht there, left from dinner ... Maybe you should eat? Only cold - there is nothing to warm it up with ...
At this time, in the corridor someone heard uncertain steps and the rustling of a hand searching for a door in the darkness. The mother and both boys - all three even pale with intense anticipation - turned in this direction.
Mertsalov entered. He wore a summer coat, a summer felt hat and no galoshes. His hands were swollen and blue from the frost, his eyes were sunken, his cheeks were sticking around his gums like a dead man's. He did not say a single word to his wife, she did not ask him a single question. They understood each other by the despair they read in each other's eyes.
In this terrible, fatal year, misfortune after misfortune persistently and mercilessly fell on Mertsalov and his family. At first he himself contracted typhoid fever, and all their meager savings were spent on his treatment. Then, when he recovered, he learned that his place, the modest place of a house manager for twenty-five rubles a month, was already occupied by another ... A desperate, convulsive pursuit of odd jobs, correspondence, an insignificant place, pledge and re-pledging of things began , sale of all household rags. And then the children went to get sick. Three months ago, one girl died, now the other lies in the heat and unconscious. Elizaveta Ivanovna had to take care of the sick girl at the same time, breastfeed the little one and go almost to the other end of the city to the house where she washed her clothes every day.
All today I have been busy trying to squeeze out at least a few kopecks from somewhere for Mashutka's medicine through inhuman efforts. To this end, Mertsalov ran around almost half the city, begging and humiliating himself everywhere; Elizaveta Ivanovna went to her mistress, the children were sent with a letter to the gentleman whose house was ruled by Mertsalov ... But everyone tried to dissuade themselves either by festive chores, or by the lack of money ... Others, for example, the doorman of the former patron, simply drove the petitioners from the porch.
For ten minutes no one could utter a word. Suddenly Mertsalov quickly got up from the chest on which he was still sitting, and with a decisive movement pushed his tattered hat deeper onto his forehead.
Where are you going? Elizaveta Ivanovna asked anxiously.
Mertsalov, already grasping the door handle, turned around.
Still, sitting won't help, ”he replied hoarsely. - I'll go again ... At least I'll try to beg for alms.
Going out into the street, he walked aimlessly forward. He was not looking for anything, hoping for nothing. He has long gone through that burning time of poverty, when you dream of finding a wallet with money on the street or suddenly receive an inheritance from an unknown second cousin's uncle. Now he was possessed by an uncontrollable desire to run anywhere, to run without looking back, so as not to see the silent despair of a hungry family.
Begging for alms? He has already tried this remedy twice today. But the first time, some gentleman in a raccoon coat read him an admonition that he must work, not beg, and the second time he was promised to be sent to the police.
Unbeknownst to himself, Mertsalov found himself in the center of the city, near the fence of a dense public garden. Since he had to go up the hill all the time, he was out of breath and felt tired. Mechanically he turned into the gate and, passing a long alley of lindens covered with snow, sank down on a low garden bench.
It was quiet and solemn here. The trees, wrapped in their white robes, dozed in motionless grandeur. Sometimes a piece of snow fell from the top branch, and you could hear it rustle, falling and clinging to other branches. The deep silence and great calm that guarded the garden suddenly awakened in Mertsalov's tormented soul an intolerable thirst for the same calmness, the same silence.
“I ought to lie down and fall asleep,” he thought, “and forget about my wife, about hungry children, about the sick Masha.” Sliding his hand under the waistcoat, Mertsalov felt a rather thick rope that served as his belt. The thought of suicide was quite clear in his head. But he was not horrified by this thought, not for a moment shuddered before the darkness of the unknown.
"Rather than perishing slowly, isn't it better to take a shorter path?" He was about to get up to fulfill his terrible intention, but at that time at the end of the alley there was heard the creak of footsteps, distinctly heard in the frosty air. Mertsalov turned in this direction angrily. Someone was walking along the alley. At first, the light was seen flashing, then extinguishing. Then Mertsalov little by little could make out an old man of small stature, in a warm hat, fur coat and high galoshes. Having reached the bench, the stranger suddenly turned sharply towards Mertsalov and, slightly touching his cap, asked:
Will you let me sit here?
Mertsalov deliberately turned sharply away from the stranger and moved to the edge of the bench. Five minutes passed in mutual silence, during which the stranger was smoking a cigar and (Mertsalov felt it) sideways watched his neighbor.
What a glorious night, ”the stranger suddenly spoke up. - Frosty ... quiet. What a beauty - Russian winter!
But I bought some presents for the kids I know, ”the stranger continued (he had several parcels in his hands). - Yes, on the way I could not resist, I made a circle to go through the garden: it is very good here.
Mertsalov was generally a meek and shy man, but at the last words of the stranger he was suddenly seized by a surge of desperate anger. He turned with a sharp movement towards the old man and shouted, absurdly waving his arms and gasping for breath:
Presents! .. Presents! .. Presents for familiar children! .. And I ... and I, my dear sir, at the present moment my children are dying of hunger at home ... Presents! .. And my wife's milk has disappeared, and breast milk the child did not eat all day ... Presents! ..
Mertsalov expected the old man to rise and leave after these disordered, angry screams, but he was mistaken. The old man brought his intelligent, serious face with gray tanks closer to him and said in a friendly but serious tone:
Wait ... don't worry! Tell me everything in order and as short as possible. Maybe together we can come up with something for you.
There was something so calm and trustworthy in the stranger's extraordinary face that Mertsalov immediately, without the slightest concealment, but terribly agitated and in a hurry, conveyed his story. He talked about his illness, about the loss of his place, about the death of a child, about all his misfortunes, right up to the present day. The stranger listened, not interrupting him with a word, and only looked more and more inquisitively into his eyes, as if wishing to penetrate into the very depths of this sore, indignant soul. Suddenly, with a quick, very youthful movement, he jumped up from his seat and grabbed Mertsalov by the arm. Mertsalov also got up involuntarily.
Let's go! - said the stranger, pulling Mertsalov by the hand. - Let's go soon! .. Your happiness that you met with the doctor. Of course, I can't vouch for anything, but ... let's go!
In about ten minutes Shimmer and the doctor were already entering the basement. Elizaveta Ivanovna lay on the bed next to her sick daughter, her face buried in the dirty, oily pillows. The boys were eating borscht, sitting in the same places. Frightened by the long absence of their father and the immobility of their mother, they cried, smearing tears over their faces with dirty fists and pouring them profusely into the sooty iron pot. Entering the room, the doctor took off his coat and, remaining in an old-fashioned, rather shabby coat, went up to Elizaveta Ivanovna. She didn’t even look up at his approach.
Well, full, full, dear, - the doctor spoke up, affectionately stroking the woman on the back. - Get up! Show me your patient.
And just like recently in the garden, something gentle and convincing that sounded in his voice made Elizaveta Ivanovna instantly get out of bed and unquestioningly fulfill everything the doctor said. Two minutes later Grishka was already lighting the stove with wood, which the wonderful doctor sent to the neighbors for, Volodya was fanning the samovar with all his might, Elizaveta Ivanovna was wrapping Mashutka with a warming compress ... A little later, Mertsalov also appeared. For three rubles, received from the doctor, he managed to buy tea, sugar, rolls during this time and get hot food from the nearest tavern. The doctor was sitting at the table and was writing something on a piece of paper, which he tore out of his notebook. After finishing this lesson and depicting some kind of hook below instead of a signature, he got up, covered what he had written with a tea saucer and said:
With this piece of paper you will go to the pharmacy ... let's take a teaspoon in two hours. This will cause the baby to cough up ... Continue the warming compress ... In addition, even if your daughter has done better, in any case invite Dr. Afrosimov tomorrow. He is a good doctor and a good person. I'll warn him right now. Then goodbye gentlemen! God grant that the coming year will treat you a little more indulgently than this one, and most importantly - never lose heart.
After shaking hands with Mertsalov and Elizaveta Ivanovna, who still had not recovered from amazement, and patting Volodya's open mouth in passing on the cheek, the doctor quickly thrust his legs into deep galoshes and put on his coat. Mertsalov came to his senses only when the doctor was already in the corridor, and rushed after him.
Since it was impossible to make out anything in the darkness, Mertsalov shouted at random:
Doctor! Doctor, wait! .. Tell me your name, doctor! Let my children pray for you at least!
And he moved his hands in the air to catch the invisible doctor. But at this time, at the other end of the corridor, a calm old voice said:
Eh! Here are some other trifles invented! .. Come back home soon!
When he returned, a surprise awaited him: under the tea saucer, along with the miraculous doctor's recipe, were several large bank notes ...
On the same evening, Mertsalov learned the name of his unexpected benefactor. On the pharmacy label, attached to the vial with the medicine, in the clear hand of the pharmacist was written: "According to the prescription of Professor Pirogov."
I heard this story, and more than once, from the lips of Grigory Yemelyanovich Mertsalov himself - the very Grishka who, on the Christmas Eve I described, shed tears into a smoky pot with empty borscht. Now he occupies a fairly large, responsible post in one of the banks, reputed to be a model of honesty and responsiveness to the needs of poverty. And each time, finishing his story about the wonderful doctor, he adds in a voice trembling with hidden tears:
From then on, like a beneficent angel descended into our family. Everything has changed. At the beginning of January, my father found a place, Mashutka got to her feet, my brother and I managed to get attached to the gymnasium at the state expense. This holy man performed a miracle. And we have seen our wonderful doctor only once since then - this is when he was transported dead to his own estate Cherry. And even then they did not see him, because that great, powerful and holy that lived and burned in the wonderful doctor during his lifetime, extinguished irrevocably.
| It seems to all of us that we are free to think in one way or another and how we want; but, on the other hand, each of us feels and knows that this apparent freedom has a limit, from which thinking becomes madness. This is because our thinking is subject to the laws of higher world thinking. Meanwhile, our brain mind, which does not know any other thinking than its own, and is convinced by experience in its dependence on the brain, when examining the external world can reach such an illusion that there is no other thought in it except our own. This illusion can even reach the point that the world thought seems to us simply completely non-existent in itself, but only as a product of our own mind. Yes, if we were not sure of the existence of the external world as firmly as in our own, then everything that our investigation reveals in it expedient and, as it were, deliberately and independently of us arranged, we could, perhaps, take for a work one of our minds and our imaginations. N.I. Pirogov |
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| And then the question arises involuntarily: could we really not walk otherwise than with the help of our legs, or are we only walking because we have legs? Could we really think only through the mediation of the brain, or do we think only because there is a brain? Seeing the inexhaustible multitude of means with which certain goals are achieved in the universe around us, can we assert that the mind could and should have been the only function of the brain? Don't a bee, ant, etc., animals, even without the help of the brain of vertebrates, provide us with examples of amazing intelligence, striving for a goal, and even creativity? N.I. Pirogov |
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| K. Kuznetsov and V. Sidoruk. Wonderful Doctor |
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| Cover of N.I. Pirogov's work "Military medicine and private assistance in the theater of the war with Bulgaria and in the rear of the active army in 1877-1878." |
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| A. Sidorov. Tchaikovsky at Pirogov's |
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There are people in the history of culture and society who, by their activities, by their efforts, leave traces so firmly and naturally entering our life that it seems to us that it has always been this way and it cannot be otherwise. As if something shows them the way, and their steps, random at first glance, are not at all random and not chaotic, but expedient and necessary. But only subsequent generations see this. But such people have to deal with painful questions and struggle to overcome the established order of things and pave the way for a new one. Studying their fates, you begin to understand that in history nothing happens by itself, that it is created by the hands and efforts of very specific people, with their own shortcomings and advantages, in fact, the same as you and me, and maybe ourselves ... Isn't that amazing ?! Take a closer look, because our culture and our life itself hangs in the balance, and leave it to itself, stop someone making efforts, everything will break off, roll, fall apart ... So what and on whom does it rest? Who and what holds the seams that threaten to separate between us every minute? Here's the question.
The first steps
One of Kolya Pirogov's favorite games was the game of the doctor: it "seemed to lift ... the curtain of the future." This original game owed its origin to the illness of the elder brother, to whom the doctor came. At the age of 14, Nikolai became a student at the Faculty of Medicine of Moscow University, where they read lectures based on materials almost a century ago, and at the final exam "it was necessary to describe in words or paper some operation in Latin." Clinical practice was reduced to writing a medical history of a patient seen once ...
After Moscow, there was the Derpt University, where the best Russian students were trained for professorship. Entering there, it was necessary to determine the specialization, and Pirogov chose surgery. Why? “But go and find out from yourself why? Probably I don’t know, but it seems to me that somewhere from afar some inner voice prompted surgery here. ” However, the young doctor was also interested in other sciences, which his comrades laughed at: then it was customary to do one thing and even surgeons did not consider it necessary to study anatomy. Later, it was Pirogov who created a new and then revolutionary science - surgical anatomy.
After Derpt, the young professor Pirogov had a two-year internship in Berlin, returning from which he stayed in Riga for several months due to illness. Having recovered, Nikolai Ivanovich conducted several very successful operations there, at the request of the hospital residents, he demonstrated some operations on corpses and gave a course of lectures. One of the old residents said to 25-year-old Pirogov: "You taught us what our teachers did not know."
At the age of 26, he became a professor of surgery at the University of Dorpat, and in four years of work there won the great love of students and published several monographs and books, including two volumes of clinical annals, where he described, contrary to the accepted style, not examples of successful diagnoses, treatments, and recoveries. but his mistakes and failures, without hiding anything and thereby allowing his students to avoid the same mistakes.
“Service to science, in general to any, is nothing but service to truth. Here, access to the truth is hampered not only by scientific obstacles, that is, those that can be removed with the help of science. No, in applied science, beyond these obstacles, human passions, prejudices and weaknesses from different sides affect access to truth and often make it completely inaccessible ... For a teacher of such applied science as medicine, which deals directly with all the attributes of the human nature ... apart from scientific information and experience, there is also conscientiousness acquired only by the difficult art of self-awareness, self-control and knowledge of human nature. " In fact, Pirogov writes about the doctor's work on himself, about the work of an internal, certain moral effort, about the choice between the doctor's professional interest in the patient and the human attitude towards him, and this is what allows, according to Pirogov, to be both a good scientist and a good doctor ...
Father of Russian surgery
In the struggle with life's difficulties, poverty, even need, the character of Pirogov was formed, preparing him for the field in which he had to deploy all the forces of his nature and leave deep traces. In 1841, 30-year-old Pirogov accepted an offer to become a professor at the Department of Surgery at the Medical-Surgical Academy in St. Petersburg with the condition to organize a department of hospital surgery so that students receive a practical medical education.
Nikolai Ivanovich reorganized the MHA hospital and took over the duties of the chief physician of the surgical department. Here is what he wrote about the upcoming feat of Hercules, cleansing the Augean stables: “The picture was truly terrifying: huge hospital wards (60-100 beds), poorly ventilated, were overflowing with patients with erysipelas, purulent edema and purulent blood poisoning. There was not a single, even bad, room for operations. Rags for poultices and compresses were carried by paramedics without a twinge of conscience from the wounds of one patient to another, and sometimes they were removed from the corpses and simply dried. The drugs dispensed from the hospital pharmacy looked like anything but drugs ... ”Theft among staff. Scurvy among the sick. Hostility towards the young surgeon, not too scrupulous in the choice of means. Open hostility, gossip, slander - everything was put into motion. And the requirement for doctors to perform surgeries in clean white coats raised suspicions of dimming his mental abilities. Yes, our dear reader, and it was not so long ago - a century and a half ago in an enlightened European state ... Who would have thought, it’s so natural for a doctor, especially in an operating room, a clean white coat.
In 1847, Pirogov went to our eternal hot spot - the Caucasus, where he introduced ether anesthesia into practice, and, taking into account our human psychology, he invited other wounded to operations so that they could see for themselves the effectiveness and safety of the method. Now it is, in a sense, a natural part of our life, but then we had to justify, prove, convince. And a little later, in the Crimean War, after watching the sculptor work, he began to use plaster casts for fractures instead of much less effective popular prints or starches - and saved many wounded officers and soldiers from amputation.
From what little things great things sometimes grow! Once, walking past the market on Sennaya in St. Petersburg, Pirogov drew attention to a cut of frozen pork carcass. As a result, “ice”, or topographic, anatomy was born, which allowed doctors to more effectively study the human body and avoid many surgical errors that could cost the lives of more than one unfortunate person. The first anatomical atlas created by Pirogov using this method is still used by students.
There is no need to list all the achievements of Nikolai Ivanovich, all the innovations, all the methods that still bear his name and are used by modern surgeons. For the most part, only doctors will understand this, but for the rest, in relation to medicine acting as patients, it will be more important to learn that Pirogov, with all his fame and vastness of practice, never took money for operations - neither from members of the royal family, nor from the latter a poor man who trusted in him as his only hope. Kuprin's story "The Wonderful Doctor" is about him.
Sisters of mercy
A special era in the life of Pirogov is the Sevastopol War. As a doctor and as a person who did not want to remain indifferent to what was happening, he applied to be sent to the front. After a long silence, a completely unexpected answer came. He was invited by Elena Pavlovna, the wife of Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich, son of Paul I, founder of the Russian Museum Society, Midwife and Clinical Institutes, head of the Mariinsky and Pavlovsky Women's Institutes.
Announcing that she took responsibility for resolving his request, she told him about her plan to found women's care for the sick and wounded and offered Pirogov the role of organizer and leader. Despite the widespread belief that the presence of women leads to corruption in the troops, that women are unable to live and provide assistance in the most difficult conditions of war, Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna, who saw the highest and best vocation of a woman in sometimes healing, often helping and always making it easier. addressed with an appeal to Russian women who wanted to "take on the high and difficult duties of sisters of mercy," and already in October 1854, using her own funds, she founded the Exaltation of the Cross community of sisters of care for the wounded and sick soldiers. Pirogov fully shared the views of the Grand Duchess: "It has already been proven by experience that no one better than women can sympathize with the suffering of a patient and surround him with cares that are not known and, so to speak, not characteristic of men." Pirogov considered the principle “to live on earth not only for oneself” as the basis of nursing mercy. So in 1854, from a small group of 35 sisters, with the most active and attentive participation of Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov, the future Russian Red Cross was born.
At the same time, during this notorious Crimean campaign, Pirogov developed rules for working with the wounded, thereby creating an almost new branch of surgery - the military field. He formulated the principles of hygiene for patients, the basics of medical nutrition, and in all this, oddly enough, he had to overcome again and again the misunderstanding and opposition of those for whom an active, honest doctor was inconvenient. And Pirogov was an enemy of canonical decisions, an enemy of calmness, leading to stagnation and inertia: "Life does not fit into the narrow framework of doctrine, and its changeable casuistry cannot be expressed by any dogmatic formulas."
Pirogov-teacher
From the very first steps, still a young professor, Pirogov was a real teacher, caring about the professional growth of not only his own, but also of new generations of young doctors. “Let only those who want to learn learn - that's his business. But whoever wants to learn from me must learn something - this is my business, every conscientious teacher must think so ”. Hence his enormous contribution to the system of teaching and teaching medicine, which passed from the theory, and sometimes even baseless fantasies of professors, who often saw the patient only from the height of the department, to practical training on specific examples, specific operations demonstrated by the teacher.
The merit of Pirogov also lies in the fact that he saw the need to combine professional and moral education. We have already talked about his innovation in the first one: now it would never occur to anyone to doubt the importance of professionalism. But with regard to the second, his ideas even today (alas, in this case, unfortunately) sound almost revolutionary. The call to educate, first of all, a person endowed with a moral sense, not only who has firm convictions, but also knows how to protect them, live by them in practice, ready for life's struggle and efforts, and only then take care of his professional growth and skill - sounds very, very modern ... These thoughts are not accidental, they are the result of Pirogov's long inner path - from a materialist due to ignorance of matter, as he himself said, to a person who reveals the meaning of human existence, life, love, immortality, recognizing the essence of an inner person and seeking God. Interestingly, two such different people - what unites them? Sincerity, a heart responsive to someone else's pain, honesty before oneself, the desire to always be, and not to seem? .. Probably.
Life questions
Pirogov spent his last years on his estate in Vishna (part of present-day Vinnitsa). There he wrote his confession - the last and most amazing book, largely misunderstood until now: “Questions of life. The diary of an old doctor, written exclusively for himself, but not without a second thought that maybe someday someone else will read it. November 5, 1879 - October 22, 1881 ". It is as if Pirogov himself is surprised by his discoveries: “I interpret everything in my worldview about the world mind, about world thought. Where is the world's brain? Thought without a brain and without words! Isn't that absurd in the mouth of a doctor? But a bee and an ant think without a brain, and does not the whole animal kingdom think without words? We are free to call thought only one human, cerebral, verbal and humanly conscious thought! And for me it is only a manifestation of a common thought, widespread everywhere, creating and managing everything. " And nevertheless, a 70-year-old, wise with vast experience, having gone through fire and water, having performed tens of thousands of operations, a surgeon, an empiricist to the bone marrow, comes to the conclusion that this very brain is not the only conductor of thought, that life is much wider and deeper and is not limited to just a biological organism: "Life is a meaningful, infinitely active force that controls all the properties of matter (that is, its forces), while striving, moreover, continuously to achieve a certain goal: the realization and support of being." In this, Pirogov became the forerunner of Russian cosmists - Tsiolkovsky, Vernadsky ... In his little-known records, ideas come to life that were spoken of in the Middle Ages by Paracelsus, a thousand years earlier by Indian sages, and at the end of the 19th century, such great philosophers as Elena Petrovna Blavatskaya , Nikolay Hartman and others.
Behind these pages, which he filled almost every day for the last two years before his death, we see a philosopher who poses serious questions before himself, reflects, seeks, in awe of the riddle and mystery that suddenly opens up to him: “... of all world secrets, the most cherished and the most troublesome for us is "I". There is, however, and yet another, even more cherished, this is the truth. But if every leaf, every seed, every crystal reminds us of the existence outside of us and in ourselves of a mysterious laboratory, in which everything tirelessly works for itself and for the environment, with a purpose and thought, then our own consciousness is even more intimate for us. and at the same time the most disturbing secret. " I really want this book to find in our time, after a hundred years of oblivion, its new thoughtful reader. And the questions raised by Pirogov made us look for an answer today.
Salt of the earth
Glorious and wonderful destiny. Struggle and love, service to the motherland and disgrace are the traditions of the Russian intellectual. Maybe it is said about such people - "the salt of the earth", maybe they are the thread, the thread on which life is held, still continues to hold us. And the question is not in plaster casts or anesthesia as such. The question is in the humanity that stands behind it and without which all these innovations lose their meaning. Humanity, which, thanks to such people, holds us together. This is perhaps the main meaning of everything that Pirogov did, and his main lesson for us.
In November of this year, Nikolai Ivanovich, you have a bicentennial anniversary. Thank you, doctor.
 | - famous surgeon and musician. His musical talent was highly appreciated by Beethoven himself, and the medical one, probably, could appreciate Pushkin, who had consulted the famous doctor more than once. The professor's house was one of the most interesting in Dorpat. Many remarkable people of that era were here: the poets Zhukovsky and Yazykov, Pushkin's friend Wulf, the sons of the Russian historian Karamzin. Judging by the memoirs, Moyer, "a wonderful and highly talented personality", over the years lost interest in science, "I did not do operations, especially difficult and risky." The appearance in Dorpat of several gifted students, and Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov, who stood out especially among them, seemed to have brought the professor back to his former life. He again gave all of himself to medicine and to his new students. |
 | Nikolai Pirogov and became friends in Dorpat, where they studied surgery together with Professor Moyer. Here is how Pirogov himself describes their first meeting: “Once, soon after our arrival in Dorpat, we hear some strange, but unfamiliar sounds at our window from the street: a Russian song on some instrument. We look, there is a student in a uniform ... holding something in his mouth and playing: “hello, my dear, my dear”, not paying any attention to us. The instrument turned out to be an organ (labial), and the virtuoso - V. I. Dal. " Pirogov was ten years younger than Dahl, but by that time he had already graduated from Moscow University and Moyer was the best student. Usually stingy with praise, Nikolai Ivanovich highly appreciated the medical talent of his friend and saw in him the future famous surgeon, and when he defended his medical thesis, he became his official opponent. For some time Dal lived up to Pirogov's hopes and became a good specialist in plastic and eye surgery, but his love for literature and the Russian language turned out to be stronger in him. |
 I. Tikhiy. N. I. Pirogov examines the patient D. I. Mendeleev | Since childhood, Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev was in poor health, and when his throat began to bleed, the doctors considered that the last degree of consumption had begun. The institute's friends managed to arrange an audience for Dmitry Ivanovich with the court physician Zdekauer, and he, after listening to him, advised him to urgently go to the Crimea, and at the same time to appear there to Pirogov, just in case. There was a war in Crimea at that time. Pirogov operated from early morning until late at night. Mendeleev every morning came to his hospital, but seeing what the great physician was doing, he immediately left, believing that now Pirogov was needed more by the wounded. After some time, Dmitry Ivanovich decided to approach Pirogov. Imagine his surprise when he, having examined him carefully, said: “Here, my friend, a letter from your Zdekauer. Save it and someday give it back. And give me your bow. You will outlive us both. " The prediction came true exactly: Mendeleev outlived both Pirogov and Zdekauer. |
 S. Prisekin. Pirogov and Garibaldi | In the summer of 1862, Giuseppe Garibaldi was wounded in the leg. It was the worst of the ten wounds received by the national hero of Italy in a lifetime. Although the best doctors in Europe tried to help him, he did not recover. And then they decided to invite Pirogov and even collected a thousand rubles for his trip. Pirogov refused the money, but he himself came. Thanks to his advice, practical and simple, soon Garibaldi's condition began to improve. Having recovered, he thanked the Russian doctor with the following letter: “My dear doctor Pirogov! My wound is almost healed. I feel the need to thank you for the heartfelt concerns that you have generously shown me. Accept, dear Doctor, my assurances of loyalty. Yours, D. Garibaldi. For many years, a valuable relic in the Pirogovs' house was a photograph of Giuseppe Garibaldi with his dedication. |
 I. E. Repin. Portrait of A.F. Koni | Our famous historian Solovyov says that peoples love to erect monuments to their outstanding people, but these people, by their activities, erect a monument to their people themselves. Such a monument was erected by Pirogov, glorifying the Russian name far beyond the borders of his homeland. In the days of doubts and painful thoughts about the fate of his homeland, Turgenev did not want to believe that the mighty, truthful Russian language was not given to a great people. But is it not the same for the best representatives of this nation? And when, in the midst of the fog of sad phenomena and the properties of our everyday reality, you remember that our people had Peter and Lomonosov, Pushkin and Tolstoy ... that he finally gave Pirogov, then one cannot help but believe that this people not only can, but must have a bright future ...
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 | The "Diary of an Old Doctor" left by Pirogov makes it possible to look into his soul not as a public figure and a famous scientist: it makes it possible to hear the voice of a man's heart, the man whom Pirogov wanted to bring up in every young man. This heart is filled with deep and touching faith in the highest Providence and tenderness before the covenants of Christ. Life teaches that Christ has many servants, but few real followers. One of the last was Pirogov. A. F. Koni "Pirogov and the school of life" |
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| While rummaging through the archive of our memory in old age, we are amazed, first of all, by the inexplicable identity and integrity of our “I”. We clearly feel that we are no longer what we were in childhood, and at the same time we feel no less clearly that our “I” remained in us or with us from the very moment we began to remember ourselves, until today, and we know for sure that it will remain until the last breath, unless we die unconscious or in a madhouse. Strange, surprisingly strange is this feeling of the identity of our "I" in different portraits that are barely similar to each other, with different opposite feelings, beliefs and views on ourselves, on life, on everything around us ... The sense of being, and how it should be inevitable to be in us from the cradle to the grave, and how and how it makes itself known to itself and others - whether it be a personal pronoun, or some other conventional sign, this does not change the essence of the matter one iota. N.I. Pirogov |
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for the magazine "Man Without Borders"
An important character in Kuprin's story is Pirogov. The hero was created on the basis of the image of a military surgeon named Nikolai Ivanovich. So Pirogov definitely has a prototype. This makes the character a stately face.
How is the doctor represented in the work? From the first paragraphs it is understood that Pirogov is a rather educated, intelligent and responsive person. His literacy can be traced in simple communication with others. He is ready to help someone in need at any moment. This is how Professor Pirogov provides support and invaluable help to the Mertsalov family. It seemed that in the modern world there was no longer a place for such simple qualities as kindness, compassion, and mutual assistance. However, Pirogov is clear proof that there are people in life who are capable of compassion and mutual assistance.
He is an ordinary man, but "his face is intelligent, serious." This hero has a kind heart. There is something "trustworthy" in its appearance. Even Pirogov's voice is too sweet and calm. The character is very kind to the people around him. It's nice to have a conversation with him, Pirogov, created by the well-known Kuprin, really attracts attention.
The simplicity of the hero attracts. He is so humble and ordinary that he sinks into the very heart. This proves that an ordinary person is capable of graceful deeds, and does not require anything in return.
It is not for nothing that Pirogov himself claims: in order to achieve what you want, you should never lose heart. Otherwise, all efforts are in vain. Therefore, in any situation, the hero never gives up. He is able to complete what he started even if it is incredibly difficult. Obstacles to Pirogov are not terrible, he is a man of action, a man of mercy, a man of kindness, a man of calmness.
The doctor is far from being in distress, but he wears fairly simple clothes. This emphasizes the hero as a modest, easy-going person.
So, Kuprin managed to draw an extraordinary image of Pirogov, which to this day remains in our hearts! The author wanted to convey to us, young readers, that there is a place for compassion and help in the world! There are still kind people left in life who, in the hardest moment, will burst into your house and completely turn your fate for the better. And it's worth living for! We must love people, we must not live for ourselves, we must believe that the concept of "mutual assistance" has not yet exhausted itself in the world! This is what Kuprin's story "The Wonderful Doctor" teaches. And it was not in vain that the writer created such a wonderful hero! Not intentionally!
Characteristics and image of Pirogov
Kuprin's story "The Wonderful Doctor" describes a real story from the life of ordinary people. Doctor Pirogov is the central character of the work. Thanks to his warmth and ability to feel the pain and grief of other people, he saved the Mertsalov family, who found themselves in a difficult life situation.
The family lived in a small room, the stove was heated with wood. For the period of the meeting with the doctor, the head of the family was kicked out of work, the daughter and wife became seriously ill, there was practically no money for food, they were starving. It was then, when there was no way out of this situation, the man met Dr. Pirogov. One walked, happy to the holiday with gifts (pies), and the other was in terrible despair. Upon learning of the serious trouble in this family, Pirogov made every effort to help them. He helped to cure the mother and the child, gave money and, most importantly, instilled in them hope that everything will definitely be fine. And in fact, a little time passed and prosperity came to this family. A man has a new job and material wealth.
Doctor Pirogov was an ordinary person, he did not have much capital, he always wore the same jacket. But his heartfelt look, gentle, intelligent face and kind heart attracted those around him, people trusted and loved him. Pirogov could heal not only various diseases, but also the human soul. Everywhere, no matter what house he entered, he saved a person, without demanding material wealth and fame from anyone. He was a real doctor, a professional in his field. Having once given the Hippocratic oath, he staunchly adhered to it. Anyone in need could count on selfless help and support.
Doctor Pirogov did every good deed from a pure heart, without even thinking about any of his own benefits. Providing help and support to the Mertsalov family, he did not even tell them his name.
The "wonderful doctor" Pirogov is an amazing and kind-hearted person who inspires hope in people and helps to find strength and overcome the greatest difficulties in life. The image of Dr. Pirogov is the purity of the soul, mercy and kindness. It is these important qualities that must be inside every person. Only when people learn to sympathize and help each other will the whole world be healthy and prosperous.
Several interesting compositions
- Composition Description 3 brothers in the fairy tale The Humpbacked Horse Grade 4
The topic of the family occupies an important place in the literature. Without describing people close to the hero, his characterization cannot be complete. Therefore, Pyotr Ershov begins the story in his fairy tale "The Little Humpbacked Horse
- Composition How do I clean a room, apartment grade 7, grade 5
In my opinion, cleanliness is the first and most important thing that should be in every house / apartment. Some of us spend most of our time at home doing personal activities, eating
- The history of one city. The history of the creation of the novel by Saltykov-Shchedrin
The work has been created by the writer for ten years and is the result of his observations during the period of service in various official positions of the events taking place in society, reflecting the author's attitude in the content of the novel
- Characteristics of the Snow Queen in a fairy tale and her image (Andersen) composition
The image of the Snow Queen in Andersen's tale embodies coldness, lifelessness, inability to love and compassion.
If you had the opportunity to choose your own home on your own, you should stay at a spacious house. It must have a large living room so that the whole family can get together and talk at least once a week.
