A huge influence on the development of the Russian language and literature was exerted by the work of the world-famous poet Alexander Pushkin, who created many wonderful and amazing works of talent and depth. One of them is Shot, in which everything is interesting: the composition, the plot, and the main characters. The multilevel composition of Pushkin's work allows the author to introduce into the story several storytellers and a plot, which turns out to be complex in its construction.
The author decides, right in front of the reader's eyes, to transfer the authorship to another person, on whose behalf the whole story is going. Therefore, the narration of the whole story is conducted on behalf of Ivan Petrovich Belkin. Pushkin does not think about this by chance, but in order to show reality more deeply and describe the customs that reigned at that time. Such "imaginary" authorship allows Pushkin to tell about the destinies of his heroes, to show their desires and dreams. Against the background of the fate of the heroes, a broad, but generalized picture of Russian life in the nineteenth century is shown. All events in Pushkin's work are subordinate to reality, that is, they are tied to a specific place and time interval.
The main characters of the Pushkin story first fall in love. They are in love, and this state of theirs allows the author to show the plot of the main events of the plot. The main character in the story is Silvio. He is a former hussar and according to Pushkin's description it was clear that he was about thirty-five years old. But this experience only only helped him, giving some advantages. And his gloom, and tough temper and even an evil tongue greatly influenced the young and still inexperienced generation. But his main feature was that there was always some kind of mystery around him. For example, she surrounded his fate: little was known about him, he seemed to be Russian, but for some reason he had a foreign name.
The Pushkin hero also loved to read, but the books were either military, or novels. And if suddenly someone asked him for a book for a while to read, then he gave it back with joy and never again demanded it back. But if he took the book, he was also in no hurry to give it away, and more often than not he never returned it. Silvio's main occupation was pistol shooting. And the secret that completely surrounded this hero became the reason that he was interesting to everyone.
But in Pushkin's story there is another character, whose name the author never reveals to the reader. It is only said about him that this man was from a wealthy and noble family. Silvio characterizes him as follows: he has a lot, for example, youth, beauty, intelligence and wild gaiety, carelessness and courage, a loud and noble name and money that he always had and he was not afraid that someday they might end. By the way, money was never transferred from him. And now such a hero appears in the society where Silvio existed. Everything was strange and distant to this society. Silvio honestly says about himself that he immediately began to hate him. And his successes among other colleagues or in women's society drove him to despair. Therefore, very soon Silvio deliberately began to look for a reason to quarrel with him. And he found it!
This character is not only central to the Pushkin story, but also connects several plot lines, their movement. Already at the very beginning of the plot, it is emphasized that Silvio's rival is so indifferent in the duel scene. This is how the author describes him: when he stood at the barrel of a pistol that was aimed at him, he also held a cap in his hands. There were cherries in it. He calmly took out one berry from there, put it in his mouth, and then spat out the bones, which reached Silvio. Such indifference of the enemy could not but enrage Silvio. But already in the finale, the author also shows the confusion of his main character, whose hair even began to stir and stand on end.
Of course, dreams of revenge never leave Silvio for a minute. Honor becomes the main thing for him, because the previous insult has not yet been avenged. That is why the duel is not over. For the main character, it continues. But the author shows that at the end of the story he can finally have fun. The reader sees that the main thing for him was not to kill his opponent, the foe whom he hated so much, but he needed to calm his pride. He even refused to shoot the one he had recently wanted to kill.
When he offered to make his shot, he refused, explaining that it was enough for him to see the confusion and even shyness on the face of his opponent. It was enough for him to make this indifferent and calm man take his shot and leave him alone with his conscience. Silvio understood perfectly well that this man had received a good life lesson and would remember him all his life. His conscience will remember all this.
Yes, Silvio didn't kill his enemy, he didn't need it. For Pushkin's hero, it was the victory that was important, not how it will be achieved. Silvio saw the weakness of his opponent, and this was already a victory. He was able to triumph over his enemy without causing him harm. He simply humiliated him, trampled him down, showed that he has superiority over him. The main Pushkin's hero shows the strongest strength of mind, his might. Its power is beautiful, beautiful, but at the same time it is destructive and frightening.
He is so proud that he simply forgets about the person. And this has its own special contradiction between the noble honor, which belongs to this particular time and the people who lived then, and universal values. Trying to triumph, Silvio brings grief to the count's wife, who has nothing to do with their conflict. And therefore, this feeling of the main character is evil and unpleasant. But the experiences of the count and countess will continue for a long time. But Silvio dies, albeit as a hero.
Yes, perhaps the author chooses not always extraordinary ways of resolving conflict situations, but reality helps to solve them. And Pushkin himself tries to teach his readers to treat life correctly: wisely, nobly, more tolerant.
"Belkin's Tales", written by Pushkin in 1831, were highly appreciated by the Russian reading community.
The great poet turned out to be a skillful prose writer as well. Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy called the Pushkin style of Tales ... a wonderful school for aspiring writers. Five works are preceded by the story "Shot" by Pushkin. A summary of this work is the topic of this article.
A Tale of the Morals of the Nobles
She is deeply psychological. Its atmosphere is a specific society of serving nobles. On the one hand, there are imperial principles: a harsh and strict service, a heightened, hypertrophied concept of honor. On the other hand, there is a fascination with things of the moment, transitory: wine, cards, love affairs. The dueling form of conflict resolution (often contrived or provoked) was also specific.
The story is narrated on behalf of the local nobleman of the village of Goryukhino Ivan Petrovich Belkin. The events take place in a certain provincial town, the name of which the narrator has forgotten. The cavalry regiment stationed in it was not overburdened with service. The officers were engaged in study and horse riding in the arena only until lunchtime. Having dined with the commander of the regiment or in the tavern, they whiled away the time with conversation, cards and punch. Aristocrats in uniform were not always distinguished by courtesy, and often the dispute for primacy turned into a duel. Sometimes the competition between the ego of different people took on a real drama. Pushkin wrote the story "Shot" about one such story. Its summary is reduced to the story of one delayed duel shot.
The main character is a retired hussar
We meet a retired hussar officer, Silvio (the Italian name is deceptive; underneath it is a purely Russian man). He is 35 years old. His lifestyle, obviously, has not changed since the days of the hussar service. His home is always open to the military and is invariably provided with a multi-course meal prepared by Silvio's servant, a retired soldier. Although, on the other hand, this dwelling can only be called a home. It is difficult to imagine for our contemporary, but according to Alexander Sergeevich, its walls and ceiling are riddled with bullets so much that they resemble a honeycomb. Silvio trains his marksmanship every day. Pushkin tells about his ability to kill a fly with one shot without getting up from his chair in the story "Shot". A summary of the work for comparison mentions that among the hussars, the master of shooting is considered to be one who hits the map ten times in a row from ten steps. Obviously, Silvio's skill is an order of magnitude higher. And he really enjoys undeniable authority among his guest officers. He is shrewd, he is fearless, he is generous with friends ...
A motivated attempt to avoid the conflict of the new
However, once this respect wavered ... And this episode served as the beginning of the composition. Nothing foreshadowed such an outcome when, once again, at Silvio's house, a company of officers played a game of bank.
(Let's pay attention to the detail: why exactly in it? After all, the author mentions only “playing cards.” In the time of Pushkin, preference had not yet come to Russia, and it is in the bank that literary heroes - contemporaries of the great poet - play.)
Silvio, as an experienced player, took on the function of the main punter - he wrote down the players' points with chalk and corrected mistakes. One of the new officers, the lieutenant, counting his points, out of absent-mindedness lost count, or, in card terminology, "turned the corner", that is, added his rate to the rate of another player. Thus, he unreasonably increased his points. Such a moment in the pot was not uncommon. Silvio, who played professionally, automatically and without comment corrected the recording of the unlucky ponter in chalk. He, flushed by the drunkenness and the ridicule of his comrades, did not understand the motives of the action of the main character of the story and perceived them as rudeness, threw a heavy copper Arabian candlestick (shandal) at him.
The situation escalated to the level of a duel ... Not only about the fact that Silvio managed to evade, Pushkin tells in the story "Shot". The summary of this scene testifies to the non-gusar behavior of a 35-year-old man. Obviously, he violated the unwritten "code of honor" by not challenging the impudent one to a duel (and, judging by Silvio's skills, the officer had very little chance of surviving). Those present suspected that the idol, who had tarnished his reputation, was an unacceptable sin for military aristocrats - cowardice. That evening, all the hussars went home in disappointment ...
Explanation of Silvio to Ivan Belkin
However, after a while, the hospitable 35-year-old man nevertheless regained his status among the officers. However, the narrator Belkin (the story is told through his lips) had an unpleasant aftertaste from the unclaimed Silvio from the unlucky lieutenant of the duel.
Further, following the rules of literary intrigue, under mysterious circumstances separates Ivan Belkin from Silvio Pushkin. The story "Shot" tells about the letter that Silvio had been waiting for a long time. The main character was in such a hurry that he left immediately into the night. However, not forgetting about traditions, he invited the officers to a farewell dinner, while asking the narrator to come without fail. Why did he treat Belkin in a special way? Pushkin is convincing enough here. Before the episode with the duel, the young officer was enthusiastic about Silvio, considering him a model, the ideal of a man and an officer. The protagonist, an experienced person, probably felt the change in the narrator's attitude to his person. In addition, Silvio considered Belkin his friend, and therefore decided to finally explain his behavior to him.
Silvio told Belkin that he had no right to put his life even at an insignificant risk (even because of a drunken madman lieutenant), since he was saving it for another, postponed duel. And from the lips of the protagonist a speech that captures the imagination of readers flowed ... With such a device, Pushkin suddenly brings romance into the narrative, where a purely everyday character prevailed before. The story "Shot" introduces us to the memories of Silvio about his hussar times, bright, dramatic events ...
Conflict between Silvio and the new officer
Silvio, talking with Belkin, took out his cap with a band pierced an inch from his head. The artful Pushkin found a trick to immediately intrigue the reader. The story of the protagonist about his hussar times poured out, when the hussars "doted on him" and the authorities, having resigned themselves, perceived him as "an inevitable evil." Dashing he was both a warrior and a duelist. He was considered the first brawler in the army.
But the other one who made a deliberately mocking shot at Silvio's headdress turned out to be no less striking hussar.
What was the one whose name and title Silvio deliberately did not mention? "A brilliant lucky man", "a scion of a noble family" ... A loud name, careless courage, a sharp mind, beauty, frenzied gaiety and endless money generously thrown into the wind ... Silvio's leadership was shaken, but he knew what to do. A further plot tells about his intention to kill a happy opponent in a duel.
Pushkin's "shot" with the help of artistic means reliably acquaints us with the situation that modern psychologists call the competition of alpha males. The old idol of the hussar society was jealous of the new informal leader.
The duel is the first culmination of the story
Silvio goes into conflict with an unnamed new officer. Resolutely discarding the counter offer of friendship, he begins to look for a reason to provoke a quarrel. He succeeded, but not immediately. The epigrams were ineffectual. The vis-a-vis turned out to be more talented. Then the main character at a ball in the house of his mistress provoked his rival with his rudeness and impudence. The response was expectedly followed by a slap in the face. Behind her is a challenge to a duel. It would seem that everything is going according to Silvio's plan ... But the situation suddenly did not work out, got out of his control.
When the main plot-forming characters of Pushkin's The Shot came together in their first duel, the psychological domination was not on the side of Silvio. Let's pay tribute to his opponent. He was brighter and daring to the point of madness. He so convincingly flaunted his indifference to his life and death that he embarrassed the main character.
They say about such people: "Nerves are like ropes!" You must admit that not everyone will be able, while waiting for a shot from their counterpart, at the same time to indifferently take out berries from their cap filled with cherries and spit them towards their opponent.
Since the goal of Silvio was absolute primacy, he did not need a purely physical victory in a duel that did not shake the spirit of the enemy. "What's the use of taking the life of an opponent if he doesn't value it!" he thought. The fact that the first duel did not realize Silvio's plan is written by Pushkin (Shot). The main characters at this level are psychologically equal, and their opposition does not resolve the issue of dominance. Silvio addresses the seconds with a statement to interrupt the duel, leaving a shot behind him.
Silvio's decision is to morally defeat the opponent later
He is confident that time will put everything in its place.
Let's return to modern terminology, even if it is cynical, but reflects the essence of things. Silvio is a natural leader. The focus of his personality is a constant conflict with others for the right to be considered the best in military affairs, in duels, in success with women. He is a polygamous and dominant man. These are not created for the family, they are not attached to other joys of life and are uncompromising in their views.
The work "Shot" by Pushkin tells about Silvio's reasonable plan. The interest in life in his as yet invincible counterpart will soon prevail over the careless attitude towards death. Wealth and well-being will surely turn his rival from a desperate hussar into an ordinary landowner and philistine over time. And what can make a man love life more than love, marriage and the desire to start a family? This was what Silvio was counting on ... He retired from military service and left for a while, obliging his friends to inform him when his opponent in a duel was going to marry. Years have passed ... Thirty-five years is the time to get a home, a family ... But Silvio is not like that. Inwardly, he remains the same officer, yearning for the primacy in a long-standing dispute. For him, this is more than important.
Landowner Belkin visits the count's couple
Years and years have passed since Ivan Belkin's service in the regiment ... He is a local nobleman and is engaged in the economy. He learns about the fate of his friend Silvio quite by accident, having paid a courtesy visit to the landlord neighbors.
In a dialogue between the guest and the hosts, Pushkin introduces the continuation of the postponed duel ("Shot"). Heroes meet exactly as Silvio intended. He unexpectedly appears in the house of a counterpart when he is least ready.
They (husband and wife) bear the title of count and countess, are rich and rarely visit their vast and luxurious estate. Having shown hospitality, the spouses invite their neighbor-landowner Belkin into the living room. There, examining the paintings, he notices in one of them, depicting a landscape of Switzerland, two bullets, stuck one into the other, and speaks of a successful shot to the count.
Their further conversation is described in detail by Pushkin's story "Shot". Finally, the thread of the author's intrigue is completely looming. Belkin says that the best shooter he knew shot three times a day. The count inquires about his name. Upon learning that his name is Silvio, he turns pale and admits that the second bullet in the picture was fired by him under dramatic circumstances.
Silvio's plan succeeded
One day in the first year after their marriage, the count and the countess returned separately from a horse ride. The Countess's horse became stubborn. The count, having returned home earlier, found Silvio in his house, presenting his right to return a shot. The count turned out to be the very old rival, with whom Silvio dreamed of a second duel.
Pushkin (Shot) finishes his story with a description of their meeting. The analysis of this duel of nerves (namely, Silvio turns his demand for a return shot into it) ends with his complete psychological victory.
Duel Master
Firstly, the 35-year-old man did not stoop to a banal murder (his shot would most likely be fatal). After all, most of all he wanted to get moral satisfaction over the enemy, which means final victory. He was triumphant, he enjoyed revenge. For some reason, I recall the words written much later and uttered by Don Capone: "Revenge is a special dish, you need to enjoy it when it has cooled down ...". Silvio was playing for time. He asked to light all the candles in the hall. Then, ignoring the count's calls to "finish the job faster," he kept him at gunpoint for a whole minute. This minute turned out to be the most terrible in the life of his opponent. It was only later that Silvio joked that since his pistol was not loaded with cherry pits, he wanted to start the fight “from scratch,” that is, on standard conditions, starting with the right of the first shot. Now the psychological advantage belonged entirely to him ...
Silvio's moral victory. Decoupling composition
The Count who won the right to shoot was demoralized and shocked.
He missed, putting a bullet in a painting of a Swiss landscape. It's time to shoot Silvio. And then the Countess arrived in the drawing-room. She fell at his feet, begging him not to shoot. The count himself was neither alive nor dead from shock ...
Suddenly Silvio stopped the fight. He told the Count that he was completely satisfied with his timidity, his fear, that he had made him shoot first. Having said this, he left the living room with a quick step, but, turning around on the threshold, fired almost without aiming at the picture, hitting his bullet in the place where the Count's bullet was. It was a phenomenal shot - a memory for the count's couple for the rest of their lives ...
Later they learned from newspapers that Silvio took part in the armed uprising of the Greeks under the leadership of the Russian general Alexander Ypsilanti and was killed by the Turks in the battle of Skuliany, which took place on June 16 and 17, 1821, where the Greek rebel army was defeated.
Instead of a conclusion
Is it so important what the main idea was in the work of the classic? Pushkin's “Shot”, perhaps, does not have one. But it has something else: expression, intrigue and ... a classic composition. That is why Leo Tolstoy encouraged novice prose writers to learn how to write from Pushkin. Judge for yourself:
The plot of the plot (an insult to Silvio unpaid by a duel from a drunken lieutenant).
The first climax (the first duel).
Second climax (second duel).
The denouement (Silvio's satisfaction with only a moral victory, the news of his stupid and accidental death).
Silvio is the protagonist of the story "Shot", which was written by the famous Russian writer Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. From the very beginning, the narrator presents him to us as a romantic nature. He is a noble, honest and strong person who is ready to confront the whole world.
A romantic hero always has a secret that weighs on him and prevents him from being happy. Such a person seems to be shrouded in an aura of mystery. However, usually the hero's life ends tragically due to the lack of strength to survive in the world of evil.
Pushkin endows Silvio with all the necessary traits and qualities that make him a romantic hero. First of all, this is demonstrated in the description of the portrait. The young man is sharp-tongued, sullen and has a tough disposition. He is not like other officers, he stands out significantly against their background. Silvio leads a strange lifestyle by the standards of others. He is thirty-five years old and only communicates with the military. Young officers respected the main character for his masterly hitting the target. He was known as the best shooter.
Every romantic hero has a secret, and Silvio had one too. This mystery became an obsession throughout his life. Once Silvio told a storyteller about his secret, with whom he had a good relationship. It turns out that once upon a time our hero abandoned a duel with an opponent who insulted him. It was clear to everyone that he could win, since no one shoots better than him. Everyone was at a loss and wondered why Silvio had acted this way.
When talking to the narrator, the protagonist was extremely honest. He explained that he did not do this out of noble goals, but because of the obligations that he had to fulfill. That is why Silvio had no right to risk his own life.
As it turned out, a few years later, he served in the regiment as a hussar. Everyone admired him and listened to him until a handsome, successful and wealthy enemy came to the regiment. Silvio envied him since he had a competitor. It seemed to the main character that a rival had taken his place and therefore our hussar was looking for a reason to quarrel with him. Soon, at the ball, he was rude to the count and, according to the rules of that time, a duel was to take place. The opponent fired first, and he hit Silvio's cap. When it was the turn of the protagonist, the count stood calmly and ate cherries. This behavior hurt the hussar, because he wanted to hurt the enemy and make him suffer. Therefore, Silvio decided to postpone the shot until the best moment.
Many years later, the main character had a chance to take revenge on the enemy and use his shot. However, here he decided to give his opponent one more shot. By the will of fate, the count is the first to shoot again, but he gets into the picture. When it was Silvio's turn, the enemy's wife burst into the room, asking to keep her husband alive. Seeing the frightened and humiliated count, the main character achieved his goal. This way we see the best features of the character. He did not shoot an unarmed man and kept him alive. It was enough for him to see the moral torment of his opponent.
Silvio's life ended like all romantic heroes. He died in Greece, where he was the head of the liberation detachment. The feeling of envy and desire for revenge make our character a real person, but in a mask of romanticism. A romantic hero is always strong, so he cannot allow anyone to be better than him.
The creativity of A.S. Pushkin predetermined the development of Russian literature, laid the foundations of the modern Russian language.
The composition of the story "Shot" is interesting and difficult due to its multilevel character, which is created by several storytellers and a complex plot. Alexander Pushkin himself, who is at the top of the compositional ladder, formally transfers the authorship to Ivan Petrovich Belkin. The imaginary "authorship" leads to the creation of a multilevel text, and this, in turn, allows one to more deeply and wider embrace reality, describe mores, tell about the fates and aspirations of the heroes. Against the background of exceptional events, a generalized picture of reality is developed, the exceptional events themselves obey the laws of everyday reality, specific time and space.
The heroes of the story initially find themselves in a situation where love is present. They are in love or wait for this feeling, but it is from here that the development and whipping up of significant events in the plot begins.
The central character of the story is the former hussar Silvio. “He was about thirty-five years old ... Experience gave him ... many advantages; besides, his usual sullenness, tough disposition and evil tongue had a strong influence on young ... minds. Some kind of mystery surrounded his fate; he seemed Russian, but bore a foreign name ... He had books, mostly military, and novels. He willingly gave them to read, never demanding them back; but he never returned the book he had occupied to the owner. His main exercise was pistol shooting. " He was surrounded by some kind of mystery, and, probably, it was she who was the reason for everyone's interest in him.
Another hero (the author does not mention his name) was in no way inferior to Silvio. He was "a young man of a rich and noble family." Here is how Silvio speaks of him: “Imagine youth, intelligence, beauty, the most frantic gaiety, the most carefree courage, a big name, money that he did not know the account with and which he never transferred, and imagine what action he should was between us ... I hated him. His successes in the regiment and in the company of women led me to utter despair ... I began to seek quarrels with him ... "
Being the central component of a literary text, the character is associated with the movement of the plot lines, which leads to the dynamism of the image. At the beginning of the story, the indifference of Silvio's rival is emphasized: “He stood under a pistol, picking ripe cherries from his cap and spitting out the bones that reached me. His indifference infuriated me ... ”. In the finale, his confusion is noticeable: "I felt the hairs suddenly stand on end on me."
The thought of revenge does not leave Silvio. The understanding of honor is turned upside down for him: one insult is not washed away with blood due to the fact that the previous duel has not been completed.
At the end of the story, the author shows that, nevertheless, Silvio was reassured, it was important for him not to kill his opponent, but simply to amuse his pride: “I will not,” Silvio answered, “I am satisfied: I saw your confusion, your timidity; I made you shoot me, I've had enough. You will remember me. I betray you to your conscience. "
Silvio did not kill his opponent, but nevertheless he triumphed over him, saw his weakness. For him, the main thing was not just to harm the offender, but to see his fear, trample, humiliate him, show his superiority. The power and strength of his spirit not only amaze with their elemental beauty, but also terrify with frightening, destructive beauty. His soul is dehumanized with pride. This is how the contradiction between the concept of noble honor, inherent in a particular time and a certain stratum of people, and universal values \u200b\u200bis manifested.
Satisfying the evil feeling, Silvio brings grief to the count's wife, who is not involved in the conflict. But after the scene of the experiences of the count's couple, the heroic death of the hero, eternally persecuted by his passions, is mentioned.
In his works, A.S. Pushkin teaches us a wise attitude towards life, nobility, a tolerant attitude towards those around us and people close to us.
"Belkin's Tales", written by Pushkin in 1831, were highly appreciated by the Russian reading community.
The great poet turned out to be a skillful prose writer as well. Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy called the Pushkin style of Tales ... a wonderful school for aspiring writers. Five works are preceded by the story "Shot" by Pushkin. A summary of this work is the topic of this article.
A Tale of the Morals of the Nobles
She is deeply psychological. Its atmosphere is a specific society of serving nobles. On the one hand, there are imperial principles: a harsh and strict service, a heightened, hypertrophied concept of honor. On the other hand, there is a fascination with things of the moment, transitory: wine, cards, love affairs. The dueling form of conflict resolution (often contrived or provoked) was also specific.
The story is narrated on behalf of the local nobleman of the village of Goryukhino Ivan Petrovich Belkin. The events take place in a certain provincial town, the name of which the narrator has forgotten. The cavalry regiment stationed in it was not overburdened with service. The officers were engaged in study and horse riding in the arena only until lunchtime. Having dined with the commander of the regiment or in the tavern, they whiled away the time with conversation, cards and punch. Aristocrats in uniform were not always distinguished by courtesy, and often the dispute for primacy turned into a duel. Sometimes the competition between the ego of different people took on a real drama. Pushkin wrote the story "Shot" about one such story. Its summary is reduced to the story of one delayed duel shot.
The main character is a retired hussar
We meet a retired hussar officer, Silvio (the Italian name is deceptive; underneath it is a purely Russian man). He is 35 years old. His lifestyle, obviously, has not changed since the days of the hussar service. His home is always open to the military and is invariably provided with a multi-course meal prepared by Silvio's servant, a retired soldier. Although, on the other hand, this dwelling can only be called a home. It is difficult to imagine for our contemporary, but according to Alexander Sergeevich, its walls and ceiling are riddled with bullets so much that they resemble a honeycomb. Silvio trains his marksmanship every day. Pushkin tells about his ability to kill a fly with one shot without getting up from his chair in the story "Shot". A summary of the work for comparison mentions that among the hussars, the master of shooting is considered to be one who hits the map ten times in a row from ten steps. Obviously, Silvio's skill is an order of magnitude higher. And he really enjoys undeniable authority among his guest officers. He is shrewd, he is fearless, he is generous with friends ...
A motivated attempt to avoid the conflict of the new
However, once this respect wavered ... And this episode served as the beginning of the composition. Nothing foreshadowed such an outcome when, once again, at Silvio's house, a company of officers played a game of bank.
(Let's pay attention to the detail: why exactly in it? After all, the author mentions only “playing cards.” In the time of Pushkin, preference had not yet come to Russia, and it is in the bank that literary heroes - contemporaries of the great poet - play.)
Silvio, as an experienced player, took on the function of the main punter - he wrote down the players' points with chalk and corrected mistakes. One of the new officers, the lieutenant, counting his points, out of absent-mindedness lost count, or, in card terminology, "turned the corner", that is, added his rate to the rate of another player. Thus, he unreasonably increased his points. Such a moment in the pot was not uncommon. Silvio, who played professionally, automatically and without comment corrected the recording of the unlucky ponter in chalk. He, flushed by the drunkenness and the ridicule of his comrades, did not understand the motives of the action of the main character of the story and perceived them as rudeness, threw a heavy copper Arabian candlestick (shandal) at him.
The situation escalated to the level of a duel ... Not only about the fact that Silvio managed to evade, Pushkin tells in the story "Shot". The summary of this scene testifies to the non-gusar behavior of a 35-year-old man. Obviously, he violated the unwritten "code of honor" by not challenging the impudent one to a duel (and, judging by Silvio's skills, the officer had very little chance of surviving). Those present suspected that the idol, who had tarnished his reputation, was an unacceptable sin for military aristocrats - cowardice. That evening, all the hussars went home in disappointment ...
Explanation of Silvio to Ivan Belkin
However, after a while, the hospitable 35-year-old man nevertheless regained his status among the officers. However, the narrator Belkin (the story is told through his lips) had an unpleasant aftertaste from the unclaimed Silvio from the unlucky lieutenant of the duel.
Further, following the rules of literary intrigue, under mysterious circumstances separates Ivan Belkin from Silvio Pushkin. The story "Shot" tells about the letter that Silvio had been waiting for a long time. The main character was in such a hurry that he left immediately into the night. However, not forgetting about traditions, he invited the officers to a farewell dinner, while asking the narrator to come without fail. Why did he treat Belkin in a special way? Pushkin is convincing enough here. Before the episode with the duel, the young officer was enthusiastic about Silvio, considering him a model, the ideal of a man and an officer. The protagonist, an experienced person, probably felt the change in the narrator's attitude to his person. In addition, Silvio considered Belkin his friend, and therefore decided to finally explain his behavior to him.
Silvio told Belkin that he had no right to put his life even at an insignificant risk (even because of a drunken madman lieutenant), since he was saving it for another, postponed duel. And from the lips of the protagonist a speech that captures the imagination of readers flowed ... With such a device, Pushkin suddenly brings romance into the narrative, where a purely everyday character prevailed before. The story "Shot" introduces us to the memories of Silvio about his hussar times, bright, dramatic events ...
Conflict between Silvio and the new officer
Silvio, talking with Belkin, took out his cap with a band pierced an inch from his head. The artful Pushkin found a trick to immediately intrigue the reader. The story of the protagonist about his hussar times poured out, when the hussars "doted on him" and the authorities, having resigned themselves, perceived him as "an inevitable evil." Dashing he was both a warrior and a duelist. He was considered the first brawler in the army.
But the other one who made a deliberately mocking shot at Silvio's headdress turned out to be no less striking hussar.
What was the one whose name and title Silvio deliberately did not mention? "A brilliant lucky man", "a scion of a noble family" ... A loud name, careless courage, a sharp mind, beauty, frenzied gaiety and endless money generously thrown into the wind ... Silvio's leadership was shaken, but he knew what to do. A further plot tells about his intention to kill a happy opponent in a duel.
Pushkin's "shot" with the help of artistic means reliably acquaints us with the situation that modern psychologists call the competition of alpha males. The old idol of the hussar society was jealous of the new informal leader.
The duel is the first culmination of the story
Silvio goes into conflict with an unnamed new officer. Resolutely discarding the counter offer of friendship, he begins to look for a reason to provoke a quarrel. He succeeded, but not immediately. The epigrams were ineffectual. The vis-a-vis turned out to be more talented. Then the main character at a ball in the house of his mistress provoked his rival with his rudeness and impudence. The response was expectedly followed by a slap in the face. Behind her is a challenge to a duel. It would seem that everything is going according to Silvio's plan ... But the situation suddenly did not work out, got out of his control.
When the main plot-forming characters of Pushkin's The Shot came together in their first duel, the psychological domination was not on the side of Silvio. Let's pay tribute to his opponent. He was brighter and daring to the point of madness. He so convincingly flaunted his indifference to his life and death that he embarrassed the main character.
They say about such people: "Nerves are like ropes!" You must admit that not everyone will be able, while waiting for a shot from their counterpart, at the same time to indifferently take out berries from their cap filled with cherries and spit them towards their opponent.
Since the goal of Silvio was absolute primacy, he did not need a purely physical victory in a duel that did not shake the spirit of the enemy. "What's the use of taking the life of an opponent if he doesn't value it!" he thought. The fact that the first duel did not realize Silvio's plan is written by Pushkin (Shot). The main characters at this level are psychologically equal, and their opposition does not resolve the issue of dominance. Silvio addresses the seconds with a statement to interrupt the duel, leaving a shot behind him.
Silvio's decision is to morally defeat the opponent later
He is confident that time will put everything in its place.
Let's return to modern terminology, even if it is cynical, but reflects the essence of things. Silvio is a natural leader. The focus of his personality is a constant conflict with others for the right to be considered the best in military affairs, in duels, in success with women. He is a polygamous and dominant man. These are not created for the family, they are not attached to other joys of life and are uncompromising in their views.
The work "Shot" by Pushkin tells about Silvio's reasonable plan. The interest in life in his as yet invincible counterpart will soon prevail over the careless attitude towards death. Wealth and well-being will surely turn his rival from a desperate hussar into an ordinary landowner and philistine over time. And what can make a man love life more than love, marriage and the desire to start a family? This was what Silvio was counting on ... He retired from military service and left for a while, obliging his friends to inform him when his opponent in a duel was going to marry. Years have passed ... Thirty-five years is the time to get a home, a family ... But Silvio is not like that. Inwardly, he remains the same officer, yearning for the primacy in a long-standing dispute. For him, this is more than important.
Landowner Belkin visits the count's couple
Years and years have passed since Ivan Belkin's service in the regiment ... He is a local nobleman and is engaged in the economy. He learns about the fate of his friend Silvio quite by accident, having paid a courtesy visit to the landlord neighbors.
In a dialogue between the guest and the hosts, Pushkin introduces the continuation of the postponed duel ("Shot"). Heroes meet exactly as Silvio intended. He unexpectedly appears in the house of a counterpart when he is least ready.
They (husband and wife) bear the title of count and countess, are rich and rarely visit their vast and luxurious estate. Having shown hospitality, the spouses invite their neighbor-landowner Belkin into the living room. There, examining the paintings, he notices in one of them, depicting a landscape of Switzerland, two bullets, stuck one into the other, and speaks of a successful shot to the count.
Their further conversation is described in detail by Pushkin's story "Shot". Finally, the thread of the author's intrigue is completely looming. Belkin says that the best shooter he knew shot three times a day. The count inquires about his name. Upon learning that his name is Silvio, he turns pale and admits that the second bullet in the picture was fired by him under dramatic circumstances.
Silvio's plan succeeded
One day in the first year after their marriage, the count and the countess returned separately from a horse ride. The Countess's horse became stubborn. The count, having returned home earlier, found Silvio in his house, presenting his right to return a shot. The count turned out to be the very old rival, with whom Silvio dreamed of a second duel.
Pushkin (Shot) finishes his story with a description of their meeting. The analysis of this duel of nerves (namely, Silvio turns his demand for a return shot into it) ends with his complete psychological victory.
Duel Master
Firstly, the 35-year-old man did not stoop to a banal murder (his shot would most likely be fatal). After all, most of all he wanted to get moral satisfaction over the enemy, which means final victory. He was triumphant, he enjoyed revenge. For some reason, I recall the words written much later and uttered by Don Capone: "Revenge is a special dish, you need to enjoy it when it has cooled down ...". Silvio was playing for time. He asked to light all the candles in the hall. Then, ignoring the count's calls to "finish the job faster," he kept him at gunpoint for a whole minute. This minute turned out to be the most terrible in the life of his opponent. It was only later that Silvio joked that since his pistol was not loaded with cherry pits, he wanted to start the fight “from scratch,” that is, on standard conditions, starting with the right of the first shot. Now the psychological advantage belonged entirely to him ...
Silvio's moral victory. Decoupling composition
The Count who won the right to shoot was demoralized and shocked.
He missed, putting a bullet in a painting of a Swiss landscape. It's time to shoot Silvio. And then the Countess arrived in the drawing-room. She fell at his feet, begging him not to shoot. The count himself was neither alive nor dead from shock ...
Suddenly Silvio stopped the fight. He told the Count that he was completely satisfied with his timidity, his fear, that he had made him shoot first. Having said this, he left the living room with a quick step, but, turning around on the threshold, fired almost without aiming at the picture, hitting his bullet in the place where the Count's bullet was. It was a phenomenal shot - a memory for the count's couple for the rest of their lives ...
Later they learned from newspapers that Silvio took part in the armed uprising of the Greeks under the leadership of the Russian general Alexander Ypsilanti and was killed by the Turks in the battle of Skuliany, which took place on June 16 and 17, 1821, where the Greek rebel army was defeated.
Instead of a conclusion
Is it so important what the main idea was in the work of the classic? Pushkin's “Shot”, perhaps, does not have one. But it has something else: expression, intrigue and ... a classic composition. That is why Leo Tolstoy encouraged novice prose writers to learn how to write from Pushkin. Judge for yourself:
The plot of the plot (an insult to Silvio unpaid by a duel from a drunken lieutenant).
The first climax (the first duel).
Second climax (second duel).
The denouement (Silvio's satisfaction with only a moral victory, the news of his stupid and accidental death).
In this article we will consider the most famous cycle of Alexander Pushkin - "The Tale of the Late Ivan Petrovich Belkin". Let's talk in particular detail about the images of the main characters and their meaning for understanding the entire work.
About the work
"The Tale of the Late Ivan Petrovich Belkin" (the main characters will be discussed below) were written by Pushkin in 1830 in the village of Bolshoye Boldino. Everything in the cycle included 5 stories, starting with "Shot" and ending with "The Lady-Peasant".
The cycle begins with a preface "From the Publisher", which was written in October-November 1830. The work was first published in its entirety in 1831.
The main character ("The Tale of the Late Ivan Petrovich Belkin")
Strictly speaking, it is impossible to determine any one main character of all stories, since in each story he is his own. Nevertheless, there is a character who directly or indirectly unites these stories - this is Ivan Petrovich Belkin himself.
He is a character-narrator, a landowner of the village of Goryukhina. The reader knows that he was born in 1789, his father was a second major. He was taught by the village deacon and through him the hero became addicted to writing. From 1815 to 1823 Belkin served in the Jaeger regiment. He died of a fever in 1828, not having lived to see the publication of "his" stories.
Pushkin creates this hero using the following set of literary techniques: we learn the story of Belkin's life from a letter from a certain "respectable husband", to whom the publisher is sent by the closest relative of the deceased Trafilin, Maria Alekseevna; the characterization of the hero also includes the epigraph to the entire cycle - the words of the mother about her son Mitrofanushka from the comedy "The Minor" by Fonvizin.
Silvio
Pushkin's main characters are very different from each other. In this respect, Belkin's Tales are simply full of dissimilar and distinctive characters. The clearest example is Silvio, the protagonist of the story "Shot". He is 35 years old, he is a duelist officer who is obsessed with revenge.
Colonel I.L.P. tells about him to Belkin, he is the narrator and the narration is conducted on his behalf. First, the colonel describes his personal impressions of his meeting with Silvio, then retells the episode from the words of Count R. This way of narration gives the reader the opportunity to see the main character through the eyes of different people. Despite the fact that the points of view are different, the very perception of Silvio does not change much. Its immutability is specially emphasized by Pushkin, as well as the desire to seem strange and ambiguous.
Silvio deliberately tries to confuse his actions and frustrates motives. But the more he does this, the easier his character is seen. It is no accident that Pushkin also emphasizes the hero's love for novels. This is where his frantic desire for revenge comes from. And the fact that in the end Silvio shoots not at the enemy, but at the picture, does not in the least change the overall situation. The hero remains a restless romantic who no longer has a place in life.
Marya Gavrilovna
Maria Gavrilovna is the protagonist of Belkin's story "Snowstorm". This story was told to Belkin by the girl K.I.T.
The main character is a 17-year-old pale and slender girl, the daughter of the landowner of the village Nenaradov Gavrila Gavrilovich R. Maria Gavrilovna is endowed with a romantic imagination, that is, she perceives life like a literary work. She is a typical lover of French novels and Russian ballads that have recently appeared in literature.
The main characters of Belkin's story "Snowstorm", however, like the heroes of other stories and the narrator himself, are infected with a romantic worldview. They constantly try to stage a romance in life, but they invariably fail.
So, Maria Gavrilovna is plotting something romantic out of her love. Her parents do not like her chosen army ensign. Then the heroine decides to secretly marry him. After that, she sees how the parents will be angry at first, but then they will forgive and call the children to them. But something is going wrong. And the next day after the escape, the heroine is in her own bed, after which she falls ill.
Life makes its own adjustments to romantic dreams. A blizzard knocks Vladimir out of the way. And the girl gets married with an unknown man. Only in the finale it becomes clear who he is. Nevertheless, Pushkin shows very clearly how unviable romantic dreams are.
Adriyan Prokhorov
Prokhorov is the protagonist of Belkin's story "The Undertaker". He serves as an undertaker in Moscow. His story is told by bailiff B.V. Adriyan is a gloomy character, he is not happy with anything, even the fulfillment of his lifelong dream - the family's move with Basmanna to their house on Nikitskaya. But this is not surprising, because Prokhorov is tormented by an almost Hamlet question - to be or not to be near death, merchant Tryukhina. And if she dies, they will send for him or not, because his new home is very far from the place where the dying woman lives.
In this story, Pushkin's voice is heard most strongly. We hear Pushkin's ridicule in describing the life and thoughts of the protagonist. And it soon becomes clear that Adrian's sadness and gloom is not in the fact that he constantly sees death, but in the fact that he reduces everything in his life to one thing - whether he will benefit from it or not. So, rain for him is only a source of ruin, and a person is a potential client. To be reborn he is helped by the horror that will catch up with a dream where former "clients" come to him. After waking up from a nightmare, he realizes that now he can rejoice.
Samson Vyrin
Samson Vyrin is completely different from the rest of the main characters ("Belkin's Tale"). In his description, we do not hear Pushkin's ridicule and irony. This is an unfortunate man, a stationmaster, an official of the last class, a real martyr. He has a daughter, Dunya, whom a passing hussar took with him to Petersburg.
The story of Vyrin is told by the titular adviser A.G. N. "The Stationmaster" is the key story in the cycle, which confirms the mention of this in the preface. In addition, Vyrin is the most difficult of all the characters in the work.
The plot of the life of the station master is very simple. After the death of his wife, care for the house and the household falls on the shoulders of Dunya. The passing hussar Minsky, amazed by the girl's beauty, fakes his illness in order to stay longer in Vyrin's house, and then takes her daughter away. The father goes to fetch his daughter, but it has no effect. Minsky first tries to give Vyrin money, and after the appearance of Dunya and her fainting, he kicks him out. The abandoned father gets drunk alone and dies. Dunia comes to his grave to cry in a gilded carriage.
Alexey I. Berestov
The characters of The Young Peasant Woman are subject to romantic dreams, like almost all the main characters. In this respect, Belkin's Tale is a rather ironic work. The only exception is the history of the stationmaster.
So, Alexey Berestov comes to his native village of Tugilovo. Here he falls in love with Lisa Muromskaya, who lives next door. The hero's father, a Russophile and the owner of a cloth factory, hates his neighbor Muromsky, a passionate Anglomaniac. Alexei himself also strives for everything European and behaves like a dandy. Comically, Pushkin describes the enmity of neighbors, clearly making references to the war of the Scarlet and White Rose and to the enmity of the Capulet and Montague.
Nevertheless, despite the Englishness of Alexei, under his pallor "a healthy blush appears", which fully describes his character. Underneath the feigned romance, a truly Russian person is hidden.
Liza Muromskaya
Liza is the 17-year-old daughter of an Anglomaniac gentleman who squandered all his fortune in the capital, so now she lives in the village without leaving anywhere. She makes a district young lady Pushkin out of her heroine. "Belkin's Tales" (the main characters are considered by us) are inhabited by heroes who will later turn into literary types. So, Liza is the prototype of a district young lady, and Samson Vyrin is a little man.
Lisa's knowledge about the life of light is drawn from books, nevertheless her feelings are fresh, and her experiences are sharp. In addition, the girl is endowed with a strong and clear character. Despite her English upbringing, she feels Russian. It is Liza who finds a way out of the conflict - the children of the warring parents cannot meet and communicate. The girl disguises herself as a peasant, which allows her to see Alexei. The reader sees that Lisa's character is much stronger than that of her lover. It is thanks to her that they end up together at the end of the story.
conclusions
Thus, Pushkin demonstrates to the reader an incredible variety of characters. Its main characters are amazing and unlike each other. This is why Belkin's Tale was such a great success. The piece was in many ways ahead of its time and has many innovative elements.
A huge influence on the development of the Russian language and literature was exerted by the work of the world-famous poet Alexander Pushkin, who created many wonderful and amazing works of talent and depth. One of them is Shot, in which everything is interesting: the composition, the plot, and the main characters. The multilevel composition of Pushkin's work allows the author to introduce into the story several storytellers and a plot, which turns out to be complex in its construction.
The author decides, right in front of the reader's eyes, to transfer the authorship to another person, on whose behalf the whole story is going. Therefore, the narration of the whole story is conducted on behalf of Ivan Petrovich Belkin. Pushkin does not think about this by chance, but in order to show reality more deeply and describe the customs that reigned at that time. Such "imaginary" authorship allows Pushkin to tell about the destinies of his heroes, to show their desires and dreams. Against the background of the fate of the heroes, a broad, but generalized picture of Russian life in the nineteenth century is shown. All events in Pushkin's work are subordinate to reality, that is, they are tied to a specific place and time interval.
The main characters of the Pushkin story first fall in love. They are in love, and this state of theirs allows the author to show the plot of the main events of the plot. The main character in the story is Silvio. He is a former hussar and according to Pushkin's description it was clear that he was about thirty-five years old. But this experience only only helped him, giving some advantages. And his gloom, and tough temper and even an evil tongue greatly influenced the young and still inexperienced generation. But his main feature was that there was always some kind of mystery around him. For example, she surrounded his fate: little was known about him, he seemed to be Russian, but for some reason he had a foreign name.
The Pushkin hero also loved to read, but the books were either military, or novels. And if suddenly someone asked him for a book for a while to read, then he gave it back with joy and never again demanded it back. But if he took the book, he was also in no hurry to give it away, and more often than not he never returned it. Silvio's main occupation was pistol shooting. And the secret that completely surrounded this hero became the reason that he was interesting to everyone.
But in Pushkin's story there is another character, whose name the author never reveals to the reader. It is only said about him that this man was from a wealthy and noble family. Silvio characterizes him as follows: he has a lot, for example, youth, beauty, intelligence and wild gaiety, carelessness and courage, a loud and noble name and money that he always had and he was not afraid that someday they might end. By the way, money was never transferred from him. And now such a hero appears in the society where Silvio existed. Everything was strange and distant to this society. Silvio honestly says about himself that he immediately began to hate him. And his successes among other colleagues or in women's society drove him to despair. Therefore, very soon Silvio deliberately began to look for a reason to quarrel with him. And he found it!
This character is not only central to the Pushkin story, but also connects several plot lines, their movement. Already at the very beginning of the plot, it is emphasized that Silvio's rival is so indifferent in the duel scene. This is how the author describes him: when he stood at the barrel of a pistol that was aimed at him, he also held a cap in his hands. There were cherries in it. He calmly took out one berry from there, put it in his mouth, and then spat out the bones, which reached Silvio. Such indifference of the enemy could not but enrage Silvio. But already in the finale, the author also shows the confusion of his main character, whose hair even began to stir and stand on end.
Of course, dreams of revenge never leave Silvio for a minute. Honor becomes the main thing for him, because the previous insult has not yet been avenged. That is why the duel is not over. For the main character, it continues. But the author shows that at the end of the story he can finally have fun. The reader sees that the main thing for him was not to kill his opponent, the foe whom he hated so much, but he needed to calm his pride. He even refused to shoot the one he had recently wanted to kill.
When he offered to make his shot, he refused, explaining that it was enough for him to see the confusion and even shyness on the face of his opponent. It was enough for him to make this indifferent and calm man take his shot and leave him alone with his conscience. Silvio understood perfectly well that this man had received a good life lesson and would remember him all his life. His conscience will remember all this.
Yes, Silvio didn't kill his enemy, he didn't need it. For Pushkin's hero, it was the victory that was important, not how it will be achieved. Silvio saw the weakness of his opponent, and this was already a victory. He was able to triumph over his enemy without causing him harm. He simply humiliated him, trampled him down, showed that he has superiority over him. The main Pushkin's hero shows the strongest strength of mind, his might. Its power is beautiful, beautiful, but at the same time it is destructive and frightening.
He is so proud that he simply forgets about the person. And this has its own special contradiction between the noble honor, which belongs to this particular time and the people who lived then, and universal values. Trying to triumph, Silvio brings grief to the count's wife, who has nothing to do with their conflict. And therefore, this feeling of the main character is evil and unpleasant. But the experiences of the count and countess will continue for a long time. But Silvio dies, albeit as a hero.
Yes, perhaps the author chooses not always extraordinary ways of resolving conflict situations, but reality helps to solve them. And Pushkin himself tries to teach his readers to treat life correctly: wisely, nobly, more tolerant.
The cycle "Belkin's Tale" was created during the "Boldinskaya Autumn" in 1830. It was a period when, due to the outbreak of cholera, a quarantine was declared on entry and exit to St. Petersburg and Pushkin was forced to spend the whole autumn until the end of quarantine on the Boldino estate. The stories were published in 1831. The publication was anonymous, that is, Pushkin attributed the authorship to a certain Belkin. The cycle consists of five stories, which, allegedly, were once told to the author by the now deceased Ivan Petrovich Belkin. These are the stories: "The Young Lady-Peasant", "The Undertaker", "The Station Keeper", "Blizzard" and "Shot".
The idea of \u200b\u200bthe cycle is that the author showed all the floors of Russian society, from top to bottom. Everything is presented here concisely and simply, there is not a single superfluous word. Pushkin does not explain the actions of his heroes, all the more he does not indulge in lengthy explanations of the motives of their actions. Nevertheless, the reader perfectly understands the motives of the actions of his characters, with their advantages and disadvantages.
The characters in the stories are not bright individuals, like most of Pushkin's heroes. They are typical representatives of their environment. In the foreground, they have a household side. But Pushkin's construction of the story, the development of the plot, the climax and the happy ending keep the reader's interest throughout the entire story.
Analysis of works
Shot
The plot of the story is quite simple. The hero of the story, Silveo, being a remarkable person in everything related to hussar prowess, hated his no less worthy young rival. It came to a duel, during which his rival showed such indifference to death that Silveo did not shoot, leaving behind the right to fire. For many years he waited for a suitable occasion for revenge, until finally he received the news of the marriage of his enemy. Appearing to him with a demand to realize his shot, he received complete satisfaction, humiliating him in front of his wife. In parting, he rather accurately shot into the picture, leaving a hole in it, which served as a reason for memories.
The protagonist of the story is, of course, a strong and outstanding personality. But, all his merits pale against the background of his envy of a more successful rival. Envy, as you know, does not paint a man, especially a hussar. His dignity fades even more from petty vindictiveness. These qualities are all the more aggravated when he terrifies the count's wife, aiming at him. However, at the last moment, something stops him from killing. I think that the true reason is not so important, something else is more important, the person did not begin to kill another person. It is quite possible that at this moment true human feelings awoke in the main character.
Such a finale is characteristic of that Pushkin spirit, which gives so much warmth to "Belkin's Tales". He convinces the reader without unnecessary pathos to believe in the triumph of "good feelings" over the stupid and worthless rules of society. Silveo's nobility may seem spontaneous, but this is the quality of the soul that originally lived in him.
Snowstorm
A kind of play of situations. Fatal and happy accidents, which are given an important role in the story. The romantic heroine of the story, Marya Gavrilovna, agrees to a secret marriage with Vladimir, rejected by her parents. As a result of a fatal accident, more precisely because of a strong blizzard, the heroine is married to an unknown hussar. Vladimir goes to war with Napoleon and dies. As a result of a chain of happy accidents, the story comes to a happy ending.
In describing the main character, the author immediately notes that she was brought up on French novels, and therefore is in love. It is possible that she liked Vladimir because she had read a lot of novels. This already testifies to the frivolity of her character, as, indeed, of her romanticism. Vladimir does not lag behind Maria at all. The same romantic. He is inclined to dream of a secret wedding, after which, in his opinion, the parents will be moved and give them their blessing. His reasoning is somewhat reminiscent of one of Gogol's heroes, Manilov. When circumstances require action, he, by and large, is not capable of anything.
The author does not hide his ironic attitude towards the heroes with their passion for romantic fashion. But when a war breaks into action, a lot changes. Any war opens the souls of people, leaving only the true. Romantic Vladimir heroically dies, becomes a hero. Burmin, just for fun, married an unknown girl, now looks at it differently and is looking for his unknown wife in order to marry his beloved. The best pages of the story are a description of a blizzard, the main character of the story, who played a fatal role for Vladimir and happy for Marya Gavrilovna and Burmin.
Undertaker
Here we find ourselves among traders and artisans. The main characters here are the undertaker Adrian Prokhorov, his daughters and friends. The heroes are not preoccupied with romantic fantasies, they walk the earth firmly and solve earthly problems. Such as the upcoming rich funeral of the merchant Tryukhina, which competitors can intercept. The death of a person for people like the undertaker is just an opportunity to make money. Even in his dreams, he considers his deceased clients only in terms of their profitability. In the dead who came to visit Adrian, the author vividly reflected the social relations that existed at that time in society.
Pushkin's little man is the progenitor of Gogol's Akaki Bashmachkin. An official who can be beaten by noble passers-by. Confident that his daughter Dunya, stolen by a passing hussar, is thrown by him, wishes her death. However, the opposite is true. Hussar Minsky, who turned out to be a worthy man, married Duna. Father's expectations did not come true, his daughter became rich and noble. However, the sophisticated reader understands that Samson Vyrin lost his daughter. Vyrin's world and Minsky's world are separated by a huge pit, which he is unable to overcome. Dunya was able to step over it without hesitation only thanks to her blind love for Minsky and female immediacy.
However, she did not have the heart to go further and step over the rules of the "decent" society in which she found herself. In fact, she abandoned her father. Her subsequent visit to her father's grave is just an attempt to calm her conscience. If the end had been the way Vyrin had anticipated, then another story would have come out about an unfortunate gullible girl and a scoundrel-seducer, of whom there were many at that time. However, with Pushkin everything is much deeper and more realistic. It would seem that the happy ending of the story leaves a tragic residue.
Young peasant
This is the last story of the cycle. In many ways, it resembles a vaudeville plot with dressing up. The heroes are also romantic here, but their romanticism was born not by French novels, but by their natures. In addition, the romanticism of the heroes is active. They are fighting for their happiness, Alexei is ready to make a sacrifice for the sake of his beloved and give up his paternal state.
The heroine of the story, Liza, the daughter of a rich master, disguised as a peasant woman, meets Alexei Berestov in the forest and the young people fall in love. Alexei, sincerely considering Liza-Akulina a peasant, decides to marry her, disregarding social prejudices. A worthy solution for a young man, I must admit. It characterizes it from the best side. Especially respect for him increases when he is ready to give up wealth for the sake of his girlfriend. This characterizes him not only as an honest and noble person, but also as brave. The masquerade image of Liza helped to reveal the true feelings of the heroes when ordinary Russian people opened up in them.
The creativity of A.S. Pushkin predetermined the development of Russian literature, laid the foundations of the modern Russian language.
The composition of the story "Shot" is interesting and difficult due to its multilevel character, which is created by several storytellers and a complex plot. Alexander Pushkin himself, who is at the top of the compositional ladder, formally transfers the authorship to Ivan Petrovich Belkin. The imaginary "authorship" leads to the creation of a multilevel text, and this, in turn, allows one to more deeply and wider embrace reality, describe mores, tell about the fates and aspirations of the heroes. Against the background of exceptional events, a generalized picture of reality is developed, the exceptional events themselves obey the laws of everyday reality, specific time and space.
The heroes of the story initially find themselves in a situation where love is present. They are in love or wait for this feeling, but it is from here that the development and whipping up of significant events in the plot begins.
The central character of the story is the former hussar Silvio. “He was about thirty-five years old ... Experience gave him ... many advantages; besides, his usual sullenness, tough disposition and evil tongue had a strong influence on young ... minds. Some kind of mystery surrounded his fate; he seemed Russian, but bore a foreign name ... He had books, mostly military, and novels. He willingly gave them to read, never demanding them back; but he never returned the book he had occupied to the owner. His main exercise was pistol shooting. " He was surrounded by some kind of mystery, and, probably, it was she who was the reason for everyone's interest in him.
Another hero (the author does not mention his name) was in no way inferior to Silvio. He was "a young man of a rich and noble family." Here is how Silvio speaks of him: “Imagine youth, intelligence, beauty, the most frantic gaiety, the most carefree courage, a big name, money that he did not know the account with and which he never transferred, and imagine what action he should was between us ... I hated him. His successes in the regiment and in the company of women led me to utter despair ... I began to seek quarrels with him ... "
Being the central component of a literary text, the character is associated with the movement of the plot lines, which leads to the dynamism of the image. At the beginning of the story, the indifference of Silvio's rival is emphasized: “He stood under a pistol, picking ripe cherries from his cap and spitting out the bones that reached me. His indifference infuriated me ... ”. In the finale, his confusion is noticeable: "I felt the hairs suddenly stand on end on me."
The thought of revenge does not leave Silvio. The understanding of honor is turned upside down for him: one insult is not washed away with blood due to the fact that the previous duel has not been completed.
At the end of the story, the author shows that, nevertheless, Silvio was reassured, it was important for him not to kill his opponent, but simply to amuse his pride: “I will not,” Silvio answered, “I am satisfied: I saw your confusion, your timidity; I made you shoot me, I've had enough. You will remember me. I betray you to your conscience. "
Silvio did not kill his opponent, but nevertheless he triumphed over him, saw his weakness. For him, the main thing was not just to harm the offender, but to see his fear, trample, humiliate him, show his superiority. The power and strength of his spirit not only amaze with their elemental beauty, but also terrify with frightening, destructive beauty. His soul is dehumanized with pride. This is how the contradiction between the concept of noble honor, inherent in a particular time and a certain stratum of people, and universal values \u200b\u200bis manifested.
Satisfying the evil feeling, Silvio brings grief to the count's wife, who is not involved in the conflict. But after the scene of the experiences of the count's couple, the heroic death of the hero, eternally persecuted by his passions, is mentioned.
The author resolves all conflicts with an extraordinary, but quite real move. In his works, A.S. Pushkin teaches us a wise attitude towards life, nobility, a tolerant attitude towards those around us and people close to us.
