Having a lunar calendar and knowing a little about the crops of different crops, you can get high yields. The further development of the plant depends on what day you planted a particular crop, when you water and feed.
By coordinating onion planting with the lunar cycle, you can increase its yield
Favorable days for sowing
Suitable days for sowing onions this year will be:
- the twenty-fifth and twenty-sixth April;
- 20th of May;
- days from the fifteenth to the nineteenth of June;
- from the thirteenth to the sixteenth of July;
There are two ways to plant and grow onions:
- From seeds.
- Using sevok.
The most effective is sowing, as it takes root faster and speeds up the process of crop formation. If we consider sowing onions for the winter in open ground, then seeds should be used because the seed will not accept, or will not survive the cold.
Before planting onions in one way or another, you should understand the individual characteristics of the selected variety: cold resistance, endurance to diseases. Different varieties have varying degrees of hardiness. Onions are winter-hardy plants, but some varieties may not take root in the northern regions of the country.
Plant varieties have differing characteristics in taste and size. Choose which onion you want to grow and for what purpose: for bulbs or for arrows. Having decided on the variety of onions, you should choose the most suitable days for sowing onions according to the lunar calendar, and start the event.
Onions are planted in the fall or spring. The spring period when planting a plant according to the lunar calendar is permissible is the end of April. The ground has already warmed up enough after frost.
The right time to plant onions in spring is April 26th and May 20th. Planting onions is recommended in spring or summer, according to the recommended dates lunar calendar... Importance the right choice time for planting plants in the spring of the lunar calendar is undeniable. If you plant a crop too sooner or later in the spring, then the abundance of the crop will decrease, and the risk of losing the crop is high.
Onion sets do not tolerate low temperatures, therefore they are planted in April-May.
Onion care
Plant care does not end with it correct fit, it is important to prepare the site for the event and correctly perform the entire sequence of actions. Sevok is planted in open ground in spring. Planting is carried out in the spring in April or May. You have chosen the day of planting in the spring, you should select the site and prepare it.
The place where you plan to plant onions in spring should be on a hill. The land allocated for planting crops should have at least a little shade. The acidity of the soil is average, and its fertility is high.
Onions should be planted in spring in places where potatoes, tomatoes or tomatoes used to grow. In the land where onions grew, it is more correct to plant another culture, which is a benevolent plant.
Each crop takes its own from the soil beneficial features, and the correct alternation of plants, will allow you to maintain the fertility of the earth. If you follow all the rules, then your site will serve you for a long time.
Planting onion sets should be carried out in carefully loosened soil without large clods of earth
Before sowing in April, a layer of organic fertilizers should be laid in the soil. So you can regulate the level of acidity and soil fertility in this area.
Before planting seeds or seedlings, they are also prepared. The seeds are soaked alternately in hot and cold water, then in a manganese solution. Leave for a day in a cold room and sow in open ground.
The choice of a set consists in its preparation, the set should be washed, cleaned of the upper solid layer. Then the seedlings of the same size and quality are selected and sown into the soil. Not used for sick or with other defect sevok.
Planting times and quality of care are individual. When planting leeks is not such a different issue, planting leeks can be done at the same time as all other onion varieties. But planting and leaving leeks vary.
When planting leeks, use seedlings. But in some regions of the country, when sowing leeks, seeds are used. It is better to sow leeks in late February and early March, when the soil has moved away from frost, but has not yet warmed up very much.
When leeks are grown, seedlings are initially prepared, which are sown in special containers, under greenhouse conditions. Therefore, the optimal time is the end of winter and the beginning of spring.
When you choose leek as the type of onion to plant, the soil requirements increase. Its structure should be loose and fertile. The variety itself is not common among summer residents or large producers, but the leek has a higher quality of vitamins and nutrients than other onion varieties.
Harvesting begins in late summer when the onions are ready. Before that, you take care of the planting material:
- Carry out regular, moderate watering of the planting material.
- Fertilize on certain days of the lunar calendar with organic fertilizers.
- Remove weak sprouts so as not to hurt healthy and strong bulbs.
- Loosen the soil around the bulbs.
It is correct to plant in prepared holes, and sowing should be performed with strict adherence to the distance between rows and bulbs. Seedlings are ready to be moved into open ground when sprouts appear, and the seeds after their initial treatment.
When and how to properly plant onion sets on a head in open ground, what are the basic rules for caring for this crop - such questions are of concern to many novice gardeners. Young onion sets are used as an additive in various dishes. It is also used as a seedling, as well as for planting on a head in open ground. This plant is versatile both for planting in the ground and for growing in greenhouse conditions, it is grown even on the balcony.
Young onion sets are prized for their rich composition, they contain many useful vitamins and trace elements. It is added to salads and vegetable soups, used as an additive for casseroles and other vegetable and meat dishes. When is it better to plant onion sets on a head in open ground, you need to know in order to get the most positive result from planting it and please yourself not only with young vitamin greens, but also prepare seed for planting it next year.
Benefits of culture
Onions are a biennial plant. In the first year of planting, the seeds grow and give an onion set that has a round or oval shape... The color of young bulbs is varied, depending on the plant variety. When onions are planted in the first year, greens grow, bulbs are formed throughout the season, which are gradually overgrown with leaf blades. The next year of planting, these bulbs are used as seed to get the proper onion.
Onion sets are a great addition to spring and summer dishes and are often used in many dishes. It is saturated with retinol, B vitamins, Ascorbic acid, vitamin E, potassium, calcium and vitamin PP. In addition, it contains essential oils that help prevent the appearance of various pathogens. Also, onions contain flavonoids and many other useful substances.
How to process seed
The processing of the material before planting in the ground is carried out two weeks in order to disinfect the seeds from various diseases and pests to protect the plant from the appearance of arrows, to enable it to grow well and quickly. To do this, two weeks before planting, the seedlings are warmed up for at least eight hours in water heated to forty degrees.
The second processing of the bulbs is carried out a day before planting the onion sets. In order to accelerate the growth of the onions, they are soaked for a day in heated water. When the seeds have been in water, they are dried and immersed in a weak solution of potassium permanganate for 10 minutes (video).
Before soaking, the seedlings are moved, the peeled husks are removed from it, they are sorted by size. Those bulbs on which green shoots have appeared are rejected and discarded. Next, the upper neck is cut from the bulbs using scissors. The roots do not touch. These manipulations may not be carried out, but experienced gardeners are advised to adhere to all planting algorithms for better growth and development of planting material. When the tip is cut off, the feather grows faster and smoother, without bending.
When the preparation of the bulbs is done, it is necessary to feed the culture. For this, a complex fertilizer is used, the proportions are taken as one tablespoon per bucket of water. Onion sets are left in this solution overnight. In order to prevent the appearance and development of the onion fly and, as a result, the death of the plant, it is recommended to dip the onion into a salt solution, hold it there for several hours.
To prevent fungal infections, the planting material is immersed in a weak solution of copper sulfate for 15 minutes. Potassium permanganate can be used instead of copper sulfate. This method has been tested over the years and proves its effectiveness in the fight against many diseases. vegetable crops... It is not at all necessary to withstand the planting material in all of the listed solutions. You must choose the option that suits you best and apply it to prevent disease healthy vegetable and for a good harvest.
What should be the soil
For planting this vegetable crop, there are certain soil requirements. Soil, saturated with humus or black soil, brings good harvest... The beds must be laid out in well-lit areas, keeping the distance between the holes, this is the prevention of fungal diseases of the plant. Before planting the bulbs, it is recommended to thoroughly loosen the soil and level it, moisten it if necessary. Removing weeds is a must.
You cannot plant a plant in acidic soil. The best conditions for it are light soil or black soil with the addition of peat.
When to plant a plant in open soil
The most suitable days to plant onion sets on greens are the last days of April. You can land earlier, as the green feather appears already at two degrees of heat. But if there are still frosts, it is better not to rush, since the culture does not tolerate temperatures below zero. They can survive but become prone to fungal diseases.
A suitable temperature for growing green onions is 10-15 degrees above zero, and for bulbs to form - 15-21 degrees. A culture can survive zero temperature if it does not last long (morning frost or when frost in the air does not fall on the ground). If suitable growing conditions are created, the first shoots appear after ten days, and green feathers can be eaten after three weeks.
Conditions for planting crops
You can plant the planting material of this plant after cucumbers, legumes. In this case, nitrogen fertilization is not required. It is not recommended to plant onions if parsley, corn, nightshade and cruciferous plants were previously planted in this area. You cannot plant onions in the same area for more than three years. This can provoke the danger of diseases and various pests, the emergence of many weeds.
It is not recommended to plant onions after potatoes, beets and carrots. After harvesting, all weeds must be carefully removed. Before planting, it is necessary to loosen the soil and level it. It is imperative to eliminate weeds for the entire growing period of the crop. Watering should be done when the bulb is forming.
Later, it is undesirable to irrigate the soil. Bulbs do not like high humidity. Since their root system is too close to the surface of the earth, when watering, you need to irrigate it to a depth of no more than 15 centimeters. This will allow moisture to be evenly distributed and not stagnate, provoking the appearance of fungus and other problems.
Knowing how and when to plant onion sets correctly, knowing the basic rules of care and watering, you can prevent the development of diseases of the vegetable crop and get a good harvest.
Onions are no longer exotic for summer cottagerather, on the contrary, it is strange when he is not. Despite its wide distribution and popularity, not all gardeners know how to grow it. This is a rather capricious culture and any deviation in agricultural technology leads to a deterioration in the quality of the crop. Excessively "evil" onions grow with a lack of moisture at the beginning of the growing season, a shallow head is formed with a thickened planting and at the wrong depth, non-compliance with crop rotation and violation of the rules of care leads to the development of diseases and affects keeping quality.
Often summer residents get such a harvest, half of which is not preserved until the middle of winter, and the other half is suitable only for borscht because of its pronounced pungency. What features need to be taken into account in order to plant onions correctly and avoid many problems?
Onions love lighted areas and do not tolerate lowlands with heavy waterlogged soils. Cabbage, cucumber and nightshade are good predecessors for it. These crops do not have common pests and diseases with onions, and since their cultivation is accompanied by the introduction of high doses of organic and mineral fertilizers, the soil remains sufficiently nutritious.
Also, onions can go after zucchini and peas, but it is undesirable to occupy them with areas that were previously under carrots, since fresh organic matter is not introduced under this culture, and onions require fertile soil. Also, the site after it is released late, you may not have time to prepare it for a new planting. You can plant carrots after onions, joint planting and the close location of the beds are good (they scare away pests from each other).
The plant can be returned to its original place no earlier than after 3 years, and with high disease damage - only after 5 years. Planting onions on the head in the spring should be carried out in loose and moderately moist soil, therefore, in the fall, the site should be dug onto the bayonet of a shovel, and in the spring it should only be raked and leveled.
If necessary, compost or humus and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are introduced in the fall. Chalk or lime is added to neutralize the soil solution on acidic soils. It is recommended to occupy the plots where fresh manure was introduced with onions only for 2 years.
In poorly heated areas with heavy clay soil, wide ridges are cut in the fall, on which planting will be carried out.
When is onion planted?
The exact dates of disembarkation are determined by the prevailing weather conditions and ground temperature. Onions are cold-resistant crops, but when planted in cold soil, they will shoot, which will reduce the quality of the crop.
On the other hand, the procedure must be completed when the soil still has a supply of moisture, the needs of which are high for onions at the beginning of growth. And the relatively long growing season of this culture does not forgive delay.
Preparation of planting material
Planting material (sets), stored warm way (18-20ºC at 60-70% humidity), does not require any procedures to activate growth processes. A week before planting, it is sorted out, discarding dried, sprouted and rotting bulbs, and sorted, dividing into 2-3 fractions.
It is recommended to sow the finest fraction (diameter less than 1.5 cm) at an earlier date, since it does not give shooters. Sowing from the middle fraction (diameter 1.5-2 cm) gives the best yield, but provided that the planting is done in a sufficiently warm soil. Large onions (more than 3 cm in diameter) can be used for growing onions on a feather or for obtaining turnips for canning, as they often give arrows, which affects keeping quality.
If the planting material was stored at low temperatures (in the attic, in the cellar, etc.), then 2 - 3 weeks before planting it must be transferred to a warm room and dried (the container with the seed can simply be placed near the battery, but not very close ).
The calibrated set is heated at 40ºC for 8 hours to destroy internal infection (can be put on a battery in a cardboard box). Before planting, the bulbs are soaked in hot water for 12-24 hours. Instead of water, you can use a weakly concentrated solution of complex fertilizers.
Immediately before planting, the planting material is treated for 15 minutes with a pale solution of potassium permanganate or a fungicide (for example, copper sulfate). After processing, rinsing in clean warm water is required.
Some summer residents prune the "tails" at the sevka to accelerate germination. However, such a procedure damages the protective barrier and opens the door for infection, so it is better to do with soaking, which will halve the time before germination.
Planting technique of onion sets
On a leveled bed, shallow grooves are cut. The distance between the grooves should be 15-20 cm so that it is convenient to care for the plants. If the soil is not moist enough, the furrows are shed with water. Onions respond well to the introduction of wood ash and sand into the furrows.
In a prepared bed, you can plant a processed seed. The bulbs are buried with the bottom down to the "shoulders", and then sprinkled with earth, so that a layer of 2 cm is obtained on top. Surface plantings will give earlier shoots, but with this technique, you will not get a good turnip.
Sevok is placed in a row at a distance of 6-10 cm (depending on the variety). Some summer residents advise planting it tightly with a "snake" in order to get not only bulbs, but also greenery from one garden bed. As the plants grow in the row, they are thinned out, removing the bulbs along with the feather. This method is convenient in a small garden bed, when there is confidence that it will be thinned out in time.
How to grow a head from seeds in one season?
The cultivation of onions for a turnip in the Non-Black Earth Region, in the Far East and in Siberia takes place in a two-year culture, that is, first, a set is obtained from the seeds, from which the turnip is grown the next year. In the southern regions and Central Russia, some sweet and semi-sharp varieties and hybrids can form a marketable bulb from seeds in one season. To get a turnip immediately from seeds, you need to carry out early spring and winter sowing or use seedlings.
If weather conditions permit, then onions can be sown at the end of April immediately in open ground. To speed up the germination of seeds, they must be placed in warm water or a solution of growth stimulants for 1-2 days.
Sowing is best done in high ridges. Seeds are sown to a depth of about 2 cm, using a belt method with a distance of 20 cm between the belts. Thus, if the ridge is 1 meter wide, then 4-5 rows can fit on it. Seedlings need regular watering and double thinning. The first time is thinned out a few days after mass shoots, leaving an interval of 2 cm between the plants, and the second time - in the phase of 2-3 true leaves with an interval of 6 cm.
In winter, seeds are sown from late October to mid-November. Winter sowing it is distinguished by an increased seeding rate (3 times) and mulching of crops with peat. Seedlings appear earlier, so the bulb ripens earlier.
Seedlings are mainly grown for sweet salad varieties... Sowing seedlings in a heated greenhouse is carried out in early March. It is also possible to grow seedlings at home, but only with sufficient lighting. When sowing in nutrient soil, seedlings only need regular watering. Plants are planted in open ground at the age of 55 days (they should already have 3 - 4 true leaves). To do this, choose a cloudy day or evening. They are planted with a row spacing of 25 cm, between plants in a row they are kept at 6 - 8 cm.
The best varieties and hybrids
Onions are very sensitive to the length of daylight hours, therefore, for planting, you need to choose only zoned varieties or achievements of local selection. Varieties bred in the northern regions, in the south, with a short daylight hours, may not form a bulb at all. When creating your collection of favorites in the garden, include representatives from different groups in it. Spicy varieties are distinguished by high keeping quality and productivity, semi-sharp and sweet ones have good taste.
A guaranteed yield can be obtained by planting old local varieties. In different regions, Strigunovsky, Rostov local, Bessonovsky, Spassky, Mstersky, Pogarsky, Timiryazevsky received popular fame. They are zoned quite widely and are known among gardeners throughout Central Russia and beyond.
Of the widely zoned acute varieties and hybrids, it is worth noting Zolotisty Semko, Centurion and Stuttgarter rizen.
Golden Semko - early ripe with a large rounded golden bulb, which is formed in one season immediately from seeds; gives a high yield; cultivated in all regions of Russia.
Centurion - a little shooting hybrid with a medium early ripening period; bulbs are golden, medium in size, slightly elongated; resistant to disease.
Stuttgarter rizen - mid-season with large, slightly flattened bulbs.
Semi-sharp varieties for Central Russia: Zolotnichok, Odintsovets, Sputnik, Myachkovsky 300, Red Baron.
Spool - medium early with golden rounded bulbs.
Myachkovsky 300 - early high-yielding with medium-sized flattened yellow bulbs; suitable for growing turnip directly from seed.
Red Baron - early date maturation; dark purple bulbs, rounded, weighing up to 150 g.
Good varieties and hybrids of sweet onions: Exibishen, Ritmo, Comet.
Exibition - medium ripening with large oval yellow bulbs; suitable for growing in annual crops from seeds; has a high yield, but low keeping quality.
Comet - late ripening with large white onions; disease resistant and suitable for long-term storage.
It can be difficult for novice gardeners to decide which onion to plant on the head. After all, not only taste and yield are important here, but also keeping quality and resistance to diseases. Moreover, the same variety in different soil and climatic conditions can show different results. Therefore, select up to 5 different varieties in order to highlight your favorites in 2-3 seasons.
The subtleties of plant care
Young seedlings need regular (1-2 times a week) and moderate watering, followed by loosening the row spacing to restore root aeration. With the beginning of the formation of the head, the frequency of watering is reduced, and a month before harvesting, they are not carried out at all for the successful ripening of the bulb. However, in severe drought, it is recommended to spray with a small amount of water.
Weeds pose a serious threat to seedlings, so weeding must be timely. Hilling plants and close loosening are not allowed. Weeds in a row are removed by hand to avoid damaging a bulb with a weak root system.
Many summer residents are advised to carry out one or even two dressings per season. However, there is no need for them on fertile soils, filled with organic matter since autumn. On poor soils, the first feeding with liquid organic fertilizers (horse manure, bird droppings, mullein) is carried out about a month after planting. The second feeding is carried out during the formation of the turnip, while using phosphorus-potassium fertilizers. To exclude root burns, top dressing is carried out after moistening the soil and before watering.
